201115138 六、發明說明： 【考务明所屬技彳卿4員域】 本發明關於-種用以自動檢測以皮革或類似材料製成 的片體上的邮之機器，其被用於生產，諸如例如衣服商 品(鞋、包等等)及工業商品（馬具及汽車/船之内部零件、沙 發、傢具等等）之生產。201115138 VI. Description of the invention: [Certificate of the 4th member of the Technical Affiliated Program] The present invention relates to a machine for automatically detecting a post on a sheet made of leather or the like, which is used for production, such as For example, the production of clothing goods (shoes, bags, etc.) and industrial goods (horses and interior parts of cars/boats, sofas, furniture, etc.).
C jttr 名好;J 已知由獸皮及/或皮革（或類似材料)製成的商品產品是 以「基層」材料，#，獸皮及/或皮革之片體的—適當選擇 為基礎；事實上’此等U被要求(除—賴及結構緊密性 特徵之外)具有-表面均勻性水平，該均勻性水平必須在每 —情況下適合希望被製造的商品類型。 ⑽’田具可獲付各種不同可能材料段(該等材 而被賦與不同形狀）的皮革片體之初選必須識別顏色（由轉 染色誤差或動物疾病的色斑，漂白區域或其他原 於 光潔度(磨損、切口、孔等等）上的可能異常：大體上-，面 初選被用手，或更精確地，藉由—操作員親自檢2 割或要被送至隨後工序的材料而被實施。 ~破切 此操作方法具有一些不可避免的缺點， β 报多時間來執行此選擇之事實相關，及與操作員==要 本質隨意性相關的缺點，該操作員必須決定「何卢 的 種類型械」欲在以材料上餘出且被何 叉操作員之個人經驗影響）〇 人斷因而 一與獸皮及/或皮革片體之一 手動檢查相關的另—缺 201115138 陷在於，即使上述瑕麻被檢測到，透過一手動操作，要在 一段合理時間内建立實施在片體材料上之最佳化切口，以 便最小化廢料的產生及/或準備適於被送至生產鏈之接續 步驟中的半成品，將是非常困難。 作為一手動檢驗或檢查之替代方式，包括瑕疵之自動 光檢測的方法近來已被引入，其中一基於「CCD」技術的 光學檢測器捕捉且處理片體材料之一影像，且基於一比較 演异法，局限各種種類的瑕疵所存在的片體區域。 雖然上文簡述的新技藝比手動檢驗更快且更有效，但 其具有一些操作缺陷。 首先，在習知類型的自動裝置中，要被檢查的片體材 料被提供成僅放置在一表面上，且這可導致在片體材料上 形成凸出區域及/或局部隆起區域（它們典型地可由片體本 身中的内張力產生）；此等形狀及/或類型上的變化不必然是 瑕疵因為匕們可在隨後工序中被「消除」，但是習知類塑 的自動光學方法报可能將它們歸類成「瑕疵」，且因此決定 將之消除，這很明顯是皮革或類似材料的浪費。 另外’在自動檢測裝置中，用於檢測大面積之構造一 I又具有-重要的龐大性；實際上，光學聽將利用大第距 觀看(例如如果想要獲得―米大之皮革片體影像超過6〇〇 毫米）此涉及獲取方法對周圍工作條件變化(例如，可能使 欢、_j操作嚴重無效的光及振動）的—重要弱點。 、上述缺陷可藉由使用數個CCD裝置分攤總獲取寬度而 被排除。然而’以此方式，將增加機械安裝、裝置之間介 201115138 面及^之複雜性，因此將增加製造及維修成本。 軟體包/f典型㈣—缺料於裝頭根據的影像處理 罕人IE巴3 —早—操作「 、 、輯」，是以此一程式設計剛性在識 別具有不同類型視謦 丄4 规見外靦的瑕疵上不具有相同效率（例 1二縱向切°與—色斑之間的視覺外觀差異）；同樣 一/為止所使用的軟體程式是根據被檢查的皮革類型 之一標準化的參數化’且因此在該片體材料的一特定「預 定類型學」中1知類型的程式不能以—獨立方式識别受 到掃描的獸皮及/或皮革之_。 【韻^明内穷】 發明概要 於上述S知技藝’因此本發明目的是設計__種用於 檢則由皮革或類似材料製成的片體上的瑕疯、能夠排 除上述限制的機器。 要地本發明目的是設計一種在識別任一類型表面 _上具有一高效率’以高解析度及盡可能減少的掃描時 間自動檢測由皮革類似材料製成之片體上的瑕疵的機器。 本發明進一步目的是設計—種能在不同類型皮革上操 作，預先及一自動方式識別皮革，且自發地識別其最重要 的視覺審美參數的機器。 因此，本發明目的是設計一種使得由於被檢查片體上 的摺皺或褶痕’及/或局部隆起區域所造成的「假瑕疵」能 以實質上消除的機器。 上述技術任務及指定目的實質上藉由一用於自動檢測 201115138 由皮革或類似材料製成的片體上的瑕疵，具有在〆或一以 上依附請求項中再現之特徵的機 器被實現。 圖式簡單說明 下文以非限制性範例之方式說明，並於附圖中繪示依 據本毛月之機器的一較佳但非獨一實施例，在諸附圖中： 第圖示—依據本發明的示意圖；及 第圖疋第1圖所示機器之一細節的示意圖。 I：實施方式1 車乂佳貫％例之詳細說明 參考邊等圖式，依據本發明之機器以參考數字1標示， 且實質上包含—支持元件2(依據情況可以是平坦或合宜地 成开7成任4何形狀，或其可由-支持表Φ組成，或可被 提供有進料裝置以在片體材料自身上被啟動）。 此支持7L件2適於接納至少一片皮革s ’而適當掃描裝 (在下文中被更詳細描述）適於檢測此片體s的至少一第 面S1之-影像，且將其轉㈣_所纟胃的「可分析信號」， 八可以疋一類比或數位格式（藉由適當轉換）。 爲了本發明之目的，片體材料s面對掃描裝置3(或無論 如何可藉由掃描裝置3「檢驗」或檢查)的面或表面稱為「第 面S1」’该裝置從而定義一指向第一面以的光學掃描線。 爲此使辨識及定位片體s上之瑕疯的程序自動化，合震 也存在處理裝置（通常由提供有適當軟體及/絲體程式的 電子裝置、’且成）’③裝置適於處理該可分析信號且識別矣少 異书（或以一相當類似的方式，識別可被定義成片體s上 201115138 的「版庇」的任何事物），該異常可與該片體s自身的第一 面S1之一部份相關聯。 有利地’爲了確保一高掃描精確度，且消除由於片體 材料的隆起、偶然性摺疊及/或内部張力所引起的「系統誤 差」’本機11進—步包含在片體s之-第二面S2(與第-面S1 相對）上被啟動的支持及定心、裝置4，該裝置也適於決定片 體S至少在與該掃描裝置3光學對齊的掃描線3 a上之局部張 緊0 谀习活垅，本發明考慮掃描裝置與片體材料之間一革 新及不同的介面模式；此介面被研究的方式是提供至少一 理想線，變形及/或拉伸及/或捲曲效應，以及高度及/或表 面張力上的可能變化（不必然表示片體上瑕疵的存在）沿著 理想線從一幾何及/或光學觀點上被消除；以此方式，依據 本發明，機器1將能夠以一系統方式消除「瑕疵之誤讀」， 藉此最佳化片體之分析(在該片體上僅「真實」喊或缺陷 將被識別），且因此增加生產效率。 同時也指出支持及定心裝置4的存在不僅允許消除上 述「假喊」’同時也使光學角度上可能難叫測的瑕疲能 夠放大，·砂，㈣支持及定心裝置4沿掃騎城行的局 部「拉伸」及「平坦化」動作，存在於片體s中的可能的切 口及/或凹口可被加重’1實上’如果藉由切及定心裝置 4施以「局部張緊」效果的動作導致—切口之邊緣彼此分開 與或導致-磨損，片體材料之内部會在視線内（即 至 掃描裝置3)，該部份具有與表面S1非常不同的顏色及及/或 201115138 外觀。 因此，可以理解到本發明設想用於Γ突顯」至少屬於 第一面S1的瑕疵之裝置的存在；因此此等突出裝置可與支 持及定心裝置重合，且適於經由至少在一可被理想地界定 在°玄片體S之第一面S1上的掃描線3a上拉伸及/或定位伸展 該瑕疵而突顯可能的瑕疵（且特別是由片體s之第一面81完 t度上的切口及/或磨損及/或凹口所產生的瑕疫）。 更詳細地，關於本發明之結構，可以理解支持及定性 裝置4首先包含一張緊元件4a，其具有一操作表面仆適於接 納片體材料S於其上(該片體沿一進料軸4C被接納）；張緊元 件4 a界定橫向或較佳地垂直於進料轴4 c的上述掃描線3 a。 同樣存在並包括在支持及定心裝置4中的是附著裝置 4d，其在張緊元件4a與片體S之間被啟動以促使第二面S2 附著在張緊元件4a自身上。 在本發明範圍内，可以理解此附著裝置牝可能同時執 行至少二功能：一方面，該裝置促使片體s對張緊元件知 的附著，且同時以此一方式操作以平坦化該片體，使得在 另一方面，偏離一實施掃描的「理想幾何條件」的效應被 消除。 應注意依剛才所述第二技術效果來說，附著裝置扑可 在一視覺監測瑕疵的機器上被實施，該機器甚至可不裝備 有張緊元件4a ;特別地’可能實施一機器，該皮革片體僅 放在一設置有附著裝置4b的平面桌上（該附著裝置因而適 於將整個片體S保持在完美黏著狀態下，且因此相對桌本身 8 201115138 之表面處於一完全平坦狀態）。 參考諸附圖，且爲了實現機器小巧與確保「局部張緊」 的精確度之間的一最佳折衷，張緊元件4a可由一繞—橫向 (例如，垂直）於進料軸4(：的操作軸旋轉的圓柱形支座所組 成；依據此幾何形狀，掃描線3a理想地由圓柱形支座之一 側表面的一切線界定，且因此平行於該圓柱形支座繞其旋 轉的操作軸。 片體S與張緊元件4a之間的附著可藉由一選擇性存在 的壓緊輥4e在片體s與張緊元件4a之間被啟動，以將片體s 壓向操作表面4b，而被最佳化。 在功此觀點上，進一步存在一作用在圓柱形支座上 的驅動裝置以使該圓柱形支座旋轉，且因此促使片體8沿進 料軸4c的進給；換㈣說，本發明設想到進料裝置$的存 在，其至少作用在張緊元件4a上以促使片體s沿進料軸如之 移動。 在一結構觀點上，附著裝置包含-在片體S之第二面 S2上被啟動之空吸單元；此空吸單元在圓柱形支座的一内 轴腔(因而圓柱形支柱具有—實質上中空的構造）中作用，以 吸引及/或保持片體S在圓枉形支座的操作表面扑上。 爲了能夠正確操作空吸單元，且同時允許圓柱形支座 旋轉’該空吸單元包含—氣壓㈣延伸在®柱形支座的該 __二相對端之間’且與_真空抑或—等效機器）互 特別注意掃描裝置3， 可以理解此一裝置包含至少一光 201115138 學感測器與該圓柱形支座對齊；此光學感測器具有一與圓 柱形支座界定之掃描線3晴齊的掃描軸，使得第_面以之 總分析藉由H「藉由連續線」分析的方法被實施。 〜爲了最大化掃描速度且重建「虛擬」影像（或換句話 "兒”片體s的整個掃福區域之表面外觀合宜地相關聯的 叮刀析彳。號」）’且爲了具有最大可能的影像解析度，可 被用於本發明的光學感測器是「CIS」類型的（其中c巧是「接 觸式影像感測器」的縮寫字）。 有利地，爲了改進檢測「通過」片體完整厚度的瑕疵 之效率（或也檢測從第一面S1開始到達片體材料5的一大深 度，而未通過整個厚度），本發明設想背光裝置6的存在， 其可在圓柱形支座的内軸腔中（或更概括地，在張緊元件4a 的内軸腔中’該元件在結構及功能目的上可實際上與圓柱 支座重合)被操作啟動，且適於產生一被指向片體s之第二 表面S2的光束。 合宜地’此背光裝置6與掃描裝置3合作，用於識別穿 過片體S之表面S1及S2的瑕疵及/或異常，及/或孔（或切口、 凹口等等）；此特定技術效果是可能的，因為從圓柱形支座 的内軸腔發射的光束發現腔中由通孔/切口界定的「天然出 口」，且因此可以一無干擾方式到達光學感測器3a，藉此產 生一極「透明」光區，其與經該片體的一不連續性的存在 獨特地相關。 另外，「視覺放大」具有一「穿過」片體S表面S1及S2 之結構的瑕疵的技術效果也可以一獨立於支持及定心裝置 10 201115138 4之存在以外的方式被實施；例如，回到已舉的範例（依據 德例—平面桌可被安排，該平面桌可能且選擇性地僅 裝備有附著4置），掃描裝置及背光農置的存在可被提供， -玄等裝置破分別佈置在相對半空間中，該等半空間被桌本 身之表面劃分，且彼此面對(使得從背光裝置發生的可能射 線或光束可由掃描裝置接收）。 本發明之進一步的目的也在於提供一自動檢測由皮革 或類似材料製成的片體上瑕疵的創新及獨創方法，該方法 包含如下步驟： -首先’適當佈置片體材料s之一第一面S1; _較佳地沿連續線實施該第一面S1的至少一部份之掃 描’以獲得—實際上（或就定性及/或定量資訊而言）重建該 表面S1的「可分析信號」；且 -處理此「可分析信號」，以識別及/或定位該第一面（S1) 在形狀及/或顏色及/或表面光潔度及/或結構完整度上具有 一瑕疵的至少一區域。 有利地’在本方法中，上述處理可分析信號的步驟包 含如下子步驟： -首先，決定至少一可與該片體S之一泛型相關聯的「平 均識別符參數」（爲了本發明之目的，「泛型」意指關於一 片體S可由其獲得的一特定類型動物的值及/或參考資訊， 及/或平均而言視該片體S所來自之一特定類型動物而定被 歸屬該片體S的視覺表面特徵之完整集合）； -透過該「平均識別符參數」與複數個預儲存平均識別 201115138 符參數（其因此代表不同類型及/或來源的片體）間之比較， 指定一通用識別至片體s ; -將片體S之第一面S1理想分割成複數個掃描區域（其 從而可由多個連續掃描線界定）； -决疋各該掃描區域的至少一描述參數(例如，此描述參 數將與一可局部歸屬於一掃描線的顏色相關，及/或與平均 。歸屬衣掃描區域本身的表面特徵相關聯）；及 _透過決定「平均識別符參數」與上述「描述參數」之 間的—偏差’決定至少一「瑕疲」的-伸展及/或定位。 &且地，迄今描述的（及在下文中所主張的）方法可具有 决疋—瑕疵之延伸及/或定位之步驟的特殊改進；詳言 之，爲了本發明之目的（且爲了最大化精確度及速度）’此操 ，步驟:有利地包含一子步驟，主為實施亦可為一已知類 型的一或1以上處理演算法的「選擇性擇定」。 ^ $地U於選擇性擇定的子步驟至少與平均 =付參數相關，且較佳地包含-子步驟，該子步驟主為 信號上建立(或’換句話說，採用且載入必須在 二入入=信號」上作用之處理系統的操作記憶體）一特定 入策略 且特別依賴已識別的片體 本方法因此可建立如下使 依賴Γ上游」所做的決定， 類型’由於「平均識別符參數」， 用： 單〜處理演算法； 序列之二或二以上處理 演算法，其將進而從與可分 12 201115138 析信號有關的資料開始被級聯執行，； -與二或二以上處理演算法並行的一執行。 合宜地’上述三項供選擇解決方法也可彼此結合，且 因此它們可依任一時間組合/順序及/或被並行執行，其皆為 希望隨個人處置之有效計算要求及/或處理精確度及/戋處 理速度的一函數。 J 少」嗬別興皮 革片體（或整個獸皮）在其質地上可有機大變化的事實相 關；此變化性可在不同類型動物（牛、綿羊、山羊、蜥蜴類 動物等等）之間，以及在同科動物範圍内遇到。 同時，可發現之瑕疫的大變化性不僅需瑕疯之可能性 質’構造及「癥狀學」被記錄，且亦需就有關特定之皮革 泛型上的某些類型瑕疲之統計學重現被記錄；例如，脫皮 方面的瑕錄可能發生㈣^嶋物(鱷 想，而表面切口或凹口方面的瑕_繁發生/牛)皮的獻皮片 適當考慮此—A變化性，_的所财體雜(或僅軟 體部份）因而適於包含一適當序列處理程式的「程式庫」， 要被分析的各類型的獸皮或皮革被開發;因此 器㈣作能力最大化，將有必要對其提供最大 了肊數目的程式庫，且因此 考慮迄今所討論的_ 處理策略。 -或-以上转… 可以注意到，由於存在 次以上特疋「濾波器 施在影像本身的某4b因數且h存在影像增強程式(實 滤波器自身改良上—之值及由於包含並指定使用在 之值及/或參數的特定表格之預錯存及 13 201115138 安排，使得每一程式庫不同於其他程式庫，。 特別是，在某些程式庫中，所謂的「型樣匹配」技術 被級聯利用，此技術實質上基於檢測影像分段成基本部份 (在本文獻中稱為紋理基元「textons」），它們進而與儲存在 實驗建立的資料庫中所儲存者相比較。 被發現的可能瑕疵因此被突顯，也透過顯示在一監視 器上，且其笛卡爾坐標相關於片體材料之一參考點被計 算；因此此等坐標隨後可在一可能的後續切割步驟期間藉 由裁剪桌及/或半自動剪切機（因而其可由適當之資料處理 系統驅動以最佳化片體S上的切口）被自動處理以排除此一 與瑕疵有關的片體區域。 本發明實現許多優勢。 事實上，由於上述機器的特定建造結構（如以下所請 求），可以獲得要被分析的片體之一最佳定位，消除可能被 檢測成「瑕疵」但事實上並非如此的形狀及/或幾何的變 化；換句話說，本發明能夠提供皮革片體與掃描裝置之間 的一介面模式，其能夠獲得遠高於目前習知自動系統可獲 得者的精確度。 另一方面，注意到本發明也可與一可在片體上界定一 最佳刀模切割操作（或用於自動裁剪桌的裁剪路徑）的程式 (及由此等程式控制的自動化機器）建立介面，以最小化皮 革（或類似材料）要被丟棄的部份，且從片體本身切割盡可 能多的半成品型樣。 本發明之另一有利點在於用於定位及分析片體的特定 14 201115138 結構允許一更有效的町能穿孔識別（或更概括而言，關於片 體本身之兩面上的片體損傷），其相對於習知方法為一顯然 的進步。 從藉由本發明之機器實施的製程觀點來看，可能注意 到該機器可被提供有自學及獨立辨識一特定時刻被送交掃 描之皮革類型的能力；這使得機器之操作者所需要之設定/ 參數化初步工作簡單得多，且增加總生產品質（減少由於皮 革類型的一錯誤識別造成誤差之可能性）。 同時，仍從該製程觀點來看’已指出本發明可具有以 一獨立方式’以檢測皮革之類型及/或其他可由機器操作者 簡單且快速輸入之參數的一函數來選擇最適合處理演算法 (或一或一以上處理演算法的最適當序列）的可能性。 最後’將認識到本發明能夠使機器的低製造成本得以 被確保，且不涉及特別的困難’或在習知類型機器上被實 施重大修改或改作的必要性，這對總生產經濟及產品之最 終價格是有利的。 【圖式簡率說明】 第1圖繪示一依據本發明的示意圖；及 第2圖是第1圖所示機器之一細節的示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 4a···張緊元件 4b···操作表面 4c···進料轴 4tl···附著裝置 2···支持元件 3…掃描裝置 3a…掃描線 4…支持及定心裝置 15 201115138 5···進料裝置 S·. 6···背光裝置 S1. 7…真空泵 S2. •片體 ••第一面 ••第二面 16C jttr is well-known; J is known to be made of animal skin and / or leather (or similar materials) based on the appropriate choice of "base layer" material, #, animal skin and / or leather sheet; In fact, these Us are required (except for the structural closeness feature) to have a level of surface uniformity that must be appropriate for each type of commodity desired to be manufactured. (10) 'The primary of the leather sheet that can be paid for various different possible material segments (the materials are given different shapes) must identify the color (by the dyeing error or the stain of the animal disease, bleaching area or other original Possible anomalies on the finish (wear, cuts, holes, etc.): substantially - the face is selected by hand, or more precisely, by the operator - 2 or the material to be sent to the subsequent process And it is implemented. ~ The method of breaking this operation has some unavoidable shortcomings. The fact that β is reported to be more time to perform this selection is related to the shortcomings of the operator == essential randomness, the operator must decide Lu’s type of weapon is intended to be in the material and is affected by the personal experience of the operator.) The one that is related to the manual inspection of one of the hides and/or leather sheets is the 201115138. Even if the above-mentioned castor is detected, through a manual operation, an optimized cut made on the sheet material is established within a reasonable time to minimize the generation of waste and/or preparation for being sent to the raw Next steps in the chain of semi-finished products, will be very difficult. As an alternative to manual inspection or inspection, an automatic light detection method including 瑕疵 has recently been introduced, in which an optical detector based on "CCD" technology captures and processes one image of a sheet material, and based on a comparison The law limits the area of the body in which various types of cockroaches exist. While the new techniques outlined above are faster and more efficient than manual testing, they have some operational deficiencies. First, in a conventional type of automatic device, the sheet material to be inspected is provided to be placed only on a surface, and this may result in the formation of embossed regions and/or local ridge regions on the sheet material (they are typically The ground can be generated by the internal tension in the body itself; such changes in shape and/or type are not necessarily because they can be "eliminated" in subsequent processes, but conventional automated optical methods are reported. They are classified as "瑕疵" and therefore decided to eliminate them, which is obviously a waste of leather or similar materials. In addition, in the automatic detecting device, the structure for detecting a large area has an important size; in fact, the optical listening will be viewed with a large distance (for example, if you want to obtain the image of the leather sheet of the meter) More than 6 mm) This involves an important weakness in the acquisition method for changes in ambient operating conditions (eg, light and vibration that may severely invalidate the _j operation). The above defects can be eliminated by approximating the total acquisition width using a plurality of CCD devices. However, in this way, the complexity of the mechanical installation and the interface between the devices will increase, which will increase the manufacturing and maintenance costs. Software package / f typical (four) - lack of material in the image processing based on the head of the Han IE Bar 3 - early - operation ", ,", is a program designed to be rigid in the identification of different types of visual inspection The 瑕疵 瑕疵 does not have the same efficiency (the difference between the visual cut between the longitudinal cut and the plaque); the software program used in the same/supplied is a parameterized standardized according to one of the types of leather being inspected' Thus, a known type of program in a particular "predetermined typology" of the sheet material cannot identify the scanned hide and/or leather in an independent manner. [Summary of the invention] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is therefore to design a machine for detecting sluggishness on a sheet made of leather or the like and capable of eliminating the above limitations. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to devise a machine for automatically detecting defects on a sheet made of a leather-like material with a high degree of efficiency in identifying any type of surface with high resolution and with as little scanning time as possible. It is a further object of the present invention to design a machine that can operate on different types of leather, pre- and automatically identify the leather, and spontaneously identify its most important visual aesthetic parameters. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to design a machine that allows the "false twist" to be substantially eliminated due to wrinkles or creases on the inspected sheet and/or local raised regions. The above technical tasks and specified purposes are substantially achieved by a machine for automatically detecting 201115138 瑕疵 on a sheet made of leather or the like, having a feature reproduced in 请求 or more depending on the requirements in the request. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following is a non-limiting example, and a preferred but non-unique embodiment of a machine according to the present invention is shown in the drawings, in the drawings: Schematic diagram of the details of one of the machines shown in Figure 1 of the figure. I: Embodiment 1 Detailed description of the example of the vehicle is referred to by the side diagram, the machine according to the invention is indicated by reference numeral 1, and substantially comprises a supporting element 2 (which may be flat or expedient depending on the situation) Any of the seven shapes, or it may be composed of a support table Φ, or may be provided with a feeding device to be activated on the sheet material itself). The support 7L member 2 is adapted to receive at least one piece of leather s' and a suitable scanning package (described in more detail below) is adapted to detect an image of at least one first side S1 of the sheet s and to turn it (four) _ The "analyzable signal" of the stomach, eight can be in an analog or digital format (by appropriate conversion). For the purposes of the present invention, the face or surface of the sheet material s facing the scanning device 3 (or "inspected" or inspected by the scanning device 3 anyway) is referred to as "the first surface S1" and the device defines a pointing Optical scanning line on one side. To this end, the process of identifying and locating the madness on the sheet s is automated, and there is also a processing device (generally provided by an electronic device provided with a suitable software and/or body program), which is suitable for processing the device. The signal can be analyzed and identified as a different book (or in a fairly similar manner, identifying anything that can be defined as a "plate" on the slice s 201115138), which can be the first with the slice s itself One of the faces S1 is associated. Advantageously - in order to ensure a high scanning accuracy, and to eliminate "systematic errors" caused by the bulging of the sheet material, accidental folding and/or internal tension, 'the machine 11 step is included in the sheet s - the second Supported and centered, device 4 activated on face S2 (opposite face-to-face S1), which device is also adapted to determine local tension of slice S at least on scan line 3a optically aligned with scan device 3. 0 谀活活垅, the present invention contemplates an innovative and different interface mode between the scanning device and the sheet material; the interface is studied in such a way as to provide at least one ideal line, deformation and/or stretching and/or curling effect, And possible variations in height and/or surface tension (not necessarily indicating the presence of defects on the sheet) are eliminated from a geometric and/or optical point along the ideal line; in this way, according to the invention, the machine 1 will be able to Eliminate the misunderstanding of 瑕疵 in a systematic way, thereby optimizing the analysis of the slab (only "real" shouts or defects will be recognized on the slab), and thus increase production efficiency. At the same time, it is also pointed out that the existence of the support and centering device 4 not only allows to eliminate the above-mentioned "false shouting" but also makes it possible to magnify the fatigue that may be difficult to detect at the optical angle, sand, (4) support and centering device 4 along the sweeping city The local "stretching" and "flattening" actions of the line, the possible incisions and/or recesses present in the sheet s can be weighted '1 real' if applied by the cutting and centering device 4 The act of tensioning causes the edges of the slits to separate or cause - wear, the interior of the sheet material will be in line of sight (i.e., to the scanning device 3), the portion having a color that is very different from the surface S1 and/ Or 201115138 appearance. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the present invention contemplates the presence of a device for highlighting at least the first surface S1; thus such protruding devices can be coincident with the support and centering device and are adapted to be at least one Stretching and/or positioning to stretch the ridge on the scan line 3a on the first side S1 of the smear sheet S to highlight possible 瑕疵 (and in particular by the first side 81 of the sheet s The incision and/or the plague caused by the wear and/or the notch). In more detail, with regard to the structure of the present invention, it is understood that the support and characterization device 4 first comprises a tensioning element 4a having an operating surface adapted to receive a sheet of material S thereon (the sheet is along a feed axis) 4C is received); the tensioning element 4a defines the aforementioned scan line 3a transversely or preferably perpendicular to the feed axis 4c. Also present and included in the support and centering device 4 is an attachment means 4d which is activated between the tensioning element 4a and the sheet S to cause the second side S2 to adhere to the tensioning element 4a itself. It is to be understood within the scope of the present invention that the attachment means may perform at least two functions simultaneously: on the one hand, the apparatus causes the attachment of the sheet s to the tensioning element, and at the same time operates in such a manner as to planarize the sheet, On the other hand, the effect of "ideal geometry" deviating from an implementation scan is eliminated. It should be noted that in the case of the second technical effect just described, the attachment device can be implemented on a machine that monitors the movement, the machine may not even be equipped with a tensioning element 4a; in particular, it is possible to implement a machine, the leather piece The body is placed only on a flat table provided with attachment means 4b (the attachment means is thus adapted to hold the entire sheet S in a perfectly adhered state, and thus in a completely flat state relative to the surface of the table itself 8 201115138). Referring to the drawings, and in order to achieve an optimum compromise between the compactness of the machine and the accuracy of ensuring "partial tensioning", the tensioning element 4a can be wound-transversely (e.g., perpendicular) to the feed shaft 4 (: Depending on the geometry, the scanning line 3a is desirably defined by a line of the side surface of one of the cylindrical supports, and thus parallel to the axis of operation about which the cylindrical support rotates The attachment between the sheet S and the tensioning element 4a can be initiated between the sheet s and the tensioning element 4a by a selectively present pinch roller 4e to press the sheet s against the operating surface 4b, Optimized. In this view, there is further a driving device acting on the cylindrical support to rotate the cylindrical support, and thus to facilitate the feeding of the sheet 8 along the feed axis 4c; (d) said that the invention contemplates the presence of a feeding device $ which acts on at least the tensioning element 4a to cause the sheet s to move along the feed axis. In a structural view, the attachment means comprises - in the sheet S The suction unit activated on the second side S2; the suction unit is in the circle An inner shaft cavity of the shaped support (and thus the cylindrical post has a substantially hollow configuration) acts to attract and/or retain the sheet S on the operating surface of the rounded abutment. Suction unit, and at the same time allows the cylindrical support to rotate 'the suction unit contains - air pressure (four) extends between the opposite ends of the __ two of the cylindrical support 'and with _ vacuum or - equivalent machine) Scanning device 3, it can be understood that the device comprises at least one light 201115138 sensor aligned with the cylindrical support; the optical sensor has a scan axis that is flush with the scan line 3 defined by the cylindrical support, so that The total analysis is carried out by the method of H "by continuous line" analysis. ~ In order to maximize the scanning speed and reconstruct the "virtual" image (or in other words, the surface of the entire blessing area of the sheet s is suitably associated with the file." The possible image resolution, the optical sensor that can be used in the present invention is of the "CIS" type (where c is the abbreviation of "contact image sensor"). Advantageously, in order to improve the efficiency of detecting flaws that pass through the full thickness of the sheet (or also detect a large depth from the first face S1 to the sheet material 5 without passing through the entire thickness), the present invention contemplates a backlight 6 Existence, which may be in the inner shaft cavity of the cylindrical support (or more generally, in the inner axial cavity of the tensioning element 4a 'the element may actually coincide with the cylindrical support for structural and functional purposes) The operation is initiated and adapted to produce a beam of light directed to the second surface S2 of the sheet s. Conveniently, this backlight device 6 cooperates with the scanning device 3 for identifying flaws and/or anomalies, and/or holes (or slits, notches, etc.) through the surfaces S1 and S2 of the sheet S; this particular technique The effect is possible because the light beam emitted from the inner shaft cavity of the cylindrical support finds a "natural outlet" defined by the through hole/cut in the cavity, and thus can reach the optical sensor 3a in a non-interfering manner, thereby generating A very "transparent" zone of light that is uniquely associated with the presence of a discontinuity through the sheet. In addition, the technical effect of "visual magnification" having a structure of "passing through" the surfaces S1 and S2 of the sheet S can also be implemented independently of the presence of the support and centering device 10 201115138 4; for example, back To the example that has been given (according to the German example - the plane table can be arranged, the plane table can be selectively and only equipped with the attachment 4), the presence of the scanning device and the backlight farm can be provided, Arranged in opposing half spaces that are divided by the surface of the table itself and face each other (so that possible rays or beams from the backlight can be received by the scanning device). It is a further object of the present invention to provide an innovative and original method for automatically detecting a stack of sheets made of leather or similar material, the method comprising the steps of: - first 'appropriating the first side of one of the sheets of material s S1; _ preferably performing a scan of at least a portion of the first face S1 along a continuous line to obtain - in fact (or in terms of qualitative and/or quantitative information) reconstructing the "analyzable signal" of the surface S1 And - processing the "analyzable signal" to identify and/or locate at least one region of the first face (S1) having a mean shape and/or color and/or surface finish and/or structural integrity. Advantageously, in the method, the step of analyzing the signal by the processing comprises the following sub-steps: - first, determining at least one "average identifier parameter" that can be associated with one of the generics of the slice S (for the purposes of the present invention) The term "generic" means the value and/or reference information about a particular type of animal from which a piece of body S can be obtained, and/or on average, depending on the particular type of animal from which the piece S is derived. a complete set of visual surface features of the sheet S; - a comparison between the "average identifier parameter" and a plurality of pre-stored averages identifying the 201115138 symbol (which thus represents a different type and/or source of tiles), Specifying a universal identification to the slice s; - ideally dividing the first side S1 of the slice S into a plurality of scan areas (which may thus be defined by a plurality of consecutive scan lines); - determining at least one description parameter of each of the scan areas (For example, the description parameter will be related to a color that can be locally attributed to a scan line, and/or to the average surface feature of the home clothing scan area itself;) Character parameter "above" described between the parameters "- deviations' determining at least a" flaw fatigue "- the extension and / or positioning. &and, the methods described so far (and claimed hereinafter) may have special modifications to the steps of extension and/or positioning; in particular, for the purposes of the present invention (and for maximum precision) Degree and speed) 'This operation, step: advantageously comprises a sub-step, the main implementation of which may also be a "selective selection" of one or more processing algorithms of a known type. ^ Sub-steps of the selective selection are at least associated with the average = payment parameter, and preferably comprise - sub-steps, which are primarily established on the signal (or 'in other words, employed and loaded must be The operation memory of the processing system acting on the second input = signal" is a specific input strategy and depends in particular on the identified slice body. Therefore, the method can be established as follows to make the decision based on the upstream "type" due to "average identification" "Parameter", with: single ~ processing algorithm; sequence two or more processing algorithm, which will be further cascaded from the data related to the signal can be divided into 12 201115138; - with two or more processing An execution of the algorithm in parallel. Conveniently, the above three alternative solutions can also be combined with one another, and thus they can be combined/ordered and/or executed in parallel at any time, all of which are effective calculation requirements and/or processing accuracy that are desired to be handled by the individual. And / 戋 a function of processing speed. J Less" The fact that the leather sheet (or the entire animal skin) can change organically in its texture; this variability can be between different types of animals (bovine, sheep, goat, lizard, etc.) And encountered within the scope of the same family. At the same time, the great variability of the plague that can be found not only requires the possible nature of the madness 'structure and 'symptoms' to be recorded, but also the statistical recurrence of certain types of fatigue on specific leather generics. It is recorded; for example, the sputum of peeling may occur (4) 嶋 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( The financial complex (or only the software part) is thus suitable for a "library" containing a suitable sequence processing program, and various types of hides or leathers to be analyzed are developed; therefore, the device (4) is maximized and will have It is necessary to provide a library with the largest number of defects, and therefore consider the _ processing strategy discussed so far. -or-above... It can be noticed that there are more than one feature "The filter is applied to a certain 4b factor of the image itself and there is an image enhancement program (the real filter itself is improved - the value is included and specified for use) Pre-faults of specific values and/or parameter specific tables and 13 201115138 arrangements make each library different from other libraries. In particular, in some libraries, the so-called "type matching" technology is leveled. In conjunction, this technique is essentially based on detecting image segments into basic parts (referred to in this document as texture primitives "textons"), which in turn are compared to those stored in experimentally established databases. The possible 瑕疵 is thus highlighted, also by display on a monitor, and its Cartesian coordinates are calculated relative to a reference point of the sheet material; thus these coordinates can then be cropped during a possible subsequent cutting step Table and/or semi-automatic shears (and thus which can be driven by a suitable data processing system to optimize the slits on the sheet S) are automatically processed to eliminate this The present invention achieves a number of advantages. In fact, due to the particular construction of the machine described above (as requested below), one of the sheets to be analyzed can be optimally positioned, eliminating the possibility of being detected as "瑕疵" but In fact, this is not a change in shape and/or geometry; in other words, the present invention is capable of providing an interface pattern between the leather sheet and the scanning device that is capable of achieving much higher accuracy than currently available to automated systems. On the other hand, it is noted that the present invention can also be combined with a program that can define an optimal die cutting operation (or a cutting path for automatically cutting a table) on a sheet (and thus an automated machine controlled by such a program). Establishing an interface to minimize the portion of the leather (or similar material) to be discarded, and cutting as many semi-finished patterns as possible from the sheet itself. Another advantage of the present invention is that it is used to position and analyze the sheet. The specific 14 201115138 structure allows for a more efficient poring to perforate the identification (or more generally, the lamella damage on both sides of the sheet itself), which is relative to the conventional The process is an obvious advancement. From the point of view of the process performed by the machine of the present invention, it may be noted that the machine can be provided with the ability to self-learn and independently identify the type of leather that is being sent for scanning at a particular time; The initial setup/parameterization required by the operator is much simpler and increases the overall production quality (reducing the possibility of errors due to a misidentification of the leather type). At the same time, it is still pointed out from the perspective of the process The function may be selected in a separate manner to detect the type of leather and/or other parameters that can be easily and quickly entered by the machine operator to select the most suitable processing algorithm (or the most appropriate sequence of one or more processing algorithms). Possibility. Finally, it will be appreciated that the present invention enables the low manufacturing cost of the machine to be ensured without involving special difficulties' or the necessity of major modifications or modifications being made on conventional types of machines, which are for total production. The final price of the economy and products is favorable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a detail of a machine according to Fig. 1; and Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a detail of the machine shown in Fig. 1. [Description of main component symbols] 4a···tensioning device 4b···operation surface 4c···feeding shaft 4tl···attachment device 2··support element 3...scanning device 3a...scanning line 4...support and Centering device 15 201115138 5···Feeding device S·. 6···Backlight device S1. 7...Vacuum pump S2. • Sheet body • First side • Second side 16