201044738 六、發明說明： • 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種電壓偵測控制裝置及方法，尤指一 種可有效監控電源的相電壓變化，進而調整其電壓值以避 免電力無謂損耗、提高用電效率之電源監控裝置。 【先前技術】 目前國内一般家庭用電是單相的11 0V，而工廠、醫院 及學校等特定場所，由於需要大電力，故採用三相電源。 原因在於三相電源較單相電源具有更高的效率，而由單相 電源與三相電源的應用可看出優劣所在： 1 ·三相整流電路較單相整流電路具有較低的漣波及較 面的功率。 2.當三相電源與單相電源傳送相同的電力，三相電源 可比單相電源省下一半的壓降與電力損失。 ^ 3·三相發電機、變壓器、電動機較單相者體積小且價 廉。 4. 三相電動機特性較佳且效率高，可自行產生旋轉磁 場，而單相電動機則須加裝起動線圈。 5. 三相系統係由完整的單相正弦波整合而成，可由用 戶自行選擇單相或三相使用，單相則無選擇餘地。 由上述可知’三相電源在運用上的諸多優勢，因此用 電量較大的場所，如前述的工廠、醫院及學校等，自然選 用效率較高的三相電源；且如前揭所述，採用三相電源時 可取其中兩相以選擇使用單相電源。然而，一般雖咸認三 3 201044738 ’相電源具有較高的效率與選擇性，但就負載端的用電效率 . 上，仍不無可待檢討商榷之處·· 按我國一般民生用電為22〇ν/1ι〇ν，如採取三相電源 ，各相之間（1^以〜，西1^的電壓為220乂，若取其中兩相 (uv)作為單相電源，其電壓亦為22〇v，但為考量電力傳 輸過程中的損耗及令用戶端有足夠電壓的電源可以使用， 一般三相電源各相之間（UV,vw，wu)的電壓均高於220V甚 多，儘管如此，當用戶端選擇三相電源或取其中兩相以使 〇帛單相電源時’用戶端仍須將較高的相電壓轉換至相對的 低電壓（如200-220V)，然而在前述相對高低電壓的轉換過 程中即已造成電力的無謂損耗，此一損耗不僅將轉嫁到用 戶的使用成本，同時就整體電力資源而言亦已造成浪費。 由上述可知，關於三相電源的使用效率上仍有相當的 檢討空間，故有待進一步謀求積極可行的解決方案。 【發明内容】 〇 因此本發明主要目的在提供一種電壓偵測控制裝置， 用以在電源進入用戶端之前先偵測各相的電壓變化，並調 整至適切的電壓值後再由用戶端使用，藉以避免電力無謂 損耗、提高用電效率。 為達成前述目的採取的主要技術手段係令前述電壓偵 測控制裝置包括： 一自耦變壓器，具有多個繞組，各繞組分別具有一次 側及二次側，其中一次側係分別與輸入三相電源的至少兩 相連接，其二次側在不同匝數分別拉出抽頭，以可選擇地 201044738 構成一相電源輸出端； 一開關組’具有複數的電磁開關及對應的開關接點， 開關接點係分設於自耦變壓器各繞組二次側的各個抽頭之 間；藉由電磁開關之激磁與否決定相對應開關接點之開閉 9 一偵測控制單元，係分別與自耦變壓器各繞組的相電 源輸出端及開關組的電磁開關連接，藉以判斷輸入電源的 各相電壓’並控制開關組各開關接點的開閉，使自耦變壓 〇 器各繞組之相電源輸出端與二次侧上不同的抽頭連接，藉 此將輸入電源進行降壓後’再由各相電源輸出端送出； 該4貞測控制單元進一步包括有： 複數相電壓檢出電路，其分別具有一輸入端及一輸出 端，其輸入端係與自耦變壓器各繞組的相電源輸出端連接 ’以檢出該相電源的電壓值’並轉換為直流電壓而由輸出 端送出； 一多工選擇電路，其具有複數輸入端及至少一輸出端201044738 VI. Description of the Invention: • Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a voltage detection control device and method, and more particularly to a method for effectively monitoring a phase voltage change of a power supply, thereby adjusting a voltage value thereof to avoid unnecessary loss of power, A power monitoring device that improves power efficiency. [Prior Art] At present, domestic household electricity is single-phase 110 V, and in certain places such as factories, hospitals, and schools, three-phase power is used because of the need for large power. The reason is that the three-phase power supply has higher efficiency than the single-phase power supply, and the advantages and disadvantages of the single-phase power supply and the three-phase power supply can be seen: 1 · The three-phase rectifier circuit has lower chopping and comparison than the single-phase rectifier circuit The power of the face. 2. When the three-phase power supply transmits the same power as the single-phase power supply, the three-phase power supply can save half of the voltage drop and power loss compared to the single-phase power supply. ^ 3. Three-phase generators, transformers, and motors are smaller and cheaper than single-phase ones. 4. The three-phase motor has better characteristics and high efficiency, and can generate a rotating magnetic field by itself, while a single-phase motor must be equipped with a starting coil. 5. The three-phase system is a complete single-phase sine wave. It can be used by the user to select single-phase or three-phase, and single-phase has no choice. It can be seen from the above that the 'three-phase power supply has many advantages in operation, so the places with large power consumption, such as the aforementioned factories, hospitals and schools, naturally select the three-phase power source with higher efficiency; and as mentioned above, When using a three-phase power supply, two of the phases can be selected to use a single-phase power supply. However, although the general recognition of the three 3 201044738 'phase power supply has higher efficiency and selectivity, but the power efficiency of the load end. On, still not to be reviewed and discussed. · According to China's general livelihood electricity for 22 〇ν/1ι〇ν, such as taking three-phase power, the voltage between each phase (1^~, West 1^ is 220乂, if two phases (uv) are taken as single-phase power, the voltage is also 22 〇v, but in order to consider the loss during power transmission and the power supply that allows the user to have sufficient voltage, the voltage of each phase (UV, vw, wu) of the three-phase power supply is higher than 220V, but When the user selects the three-phase power supply or takes two of them to make the single-phase power supply, the user terminal must still convert the higher phase voltage to a relatively low voltage (such as 200-220V), but at the aforementioned relative level In the process of voltage conversion, the unnecessary loss of power has been caused. This loss will not only be passed on to the user's use cost, but also wastes the overall power resources. As can be seen from the above, the use efficiency of the three-phase power supply is still There is considerable room for review, so there is Further, a positive and feasible solution is sought. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a voltage detection control device for detecting a voltage change of each phase and adjusting to a suitable voltage before the power source enters the user terminal. The value is then used by the user to avoid unnecessary loss of power and improve power efficiency. The main technical means for achieving the above purpose is that the voltage detection control device includes: an autotransformer having multiple windings, each winding Having a primary side and a secondary side, respectively, wherein the primary side is respectively connected to at least two phases of the input three-phase power source, and the secondary side is respectively pulled out of the taps at different numbers of turns, to optionally form a phase power output end of 201044738; A switch group has a plurality of electromagnetic switches and corresponding switch contacts, and the switch contacts are respectively disposed between the taps on the secondary side of each winding of the autotransformer; the corresponding switch is determined by the excitation of the electromagnetic switch Point opening and closing 9 a detection control unit, which is a phase power supply output end and a switch group of each winding of the autotransformer The electromagnetic switch is connected to determine the voltage of each phase of the input power source and control the opening and closing of the switch contacts of the switch group, so that the phase power output ends of the windings of the autotransformer are connected with different taps on the secondary side, thereby After the input power is stepped down, the output is sent from the output terminals of the respective phases. The 4-test control unit further includes: a complex phase voltage detecting circuit having an input end and an output end, respectively, and the input end thereof The phase power supply output end of each winding of the autotransformer is connected to 'detect the voltage value of the phase power supply' and is converted into a DC voltage and sent out by the output terminal; a multiplex selection circuit having a plurality of input terminals and at least one output end
D w ’各輸入端分別與各相電壓檢出電路的輸出端連接，以選 擇其中一相電壓檢出電路的輸出訊號由輸出端送出； 一微處理器’其具有複數輸入端及複數輸出端，其中 一輸入端係與多工選擇電路連接； 一切換電路，主要係由一驅動器及複數繼電器所組成 ’該驅動器係受控於微處理器，各繼電器具有開關接點， 各開關接點分別連接於前述開關組的電磁開關與一電源之 間，以便由微處理器透過該驅動器及繼電器控制開關組各 電磁開關之激磁與否。 5 201044738 利用前述電路設計將在確保用電安全的前提下，提供 一多段電壓切換功能，當各自耦變壓器的一次側分別與輸 入電源的兩少兩相連接，在啟始狀態下，開關組不動作， 三相電源將由自耦變壓器的各相電源輸出端送出，各相電 壓將由多工選擇電路輪詢各相電壓檢出電路的輸出端而檢 出，進而分別送至微處理器判讀，該微處理器將先行判斷 各相電壓何者為最低，再以該最低的相電壓與一設定的基 準電壓值比較，若最低相電壓低於基準電壓值，即令三相 Ο電源直接送出，若高於該基準電壓值，則微處理器將視該 最低相電壓大於基準電壓值的不同程度，透過切換電路選 擇接通開關組中的開關接點，使自耦變壓器各繞組的相電 源輸出端切換與二次側上不同的抽頭連接，此時各繞組即 成為一降壓變壓器’將輸入電源先行降壓後再送入用戶端 ，藉此不僅可避免無謂的電力損耗浪費，尚可確保對用 戶端的正常供電。 值得特別提的疋.該微處理器決定是否對輸入電源 進订降壓的判斷條件，是以輸入電源中電壓最低的其中一 相的相電壓作為判斷對象，而非取各相電壓的平均值，原 因在於.提高用電效率的前提應在於用電安全已被確保。 所謂用電安全係指輸入電源之電壓不應低於一安全的臨界 值，右電壓低於臨界值，即會影響用電安全。因此，若吾 人係取各相電壓的平均值作為判斷對象，由於各相電源的 電壓可此因不平衡而有所不同，在此狀況下，若取各相電 Μ的平均值作為判斷對象，雖平均值高於臨界值，但進行 電壓調整時，係將各相電壓同時調降一相同的值，在此狀 6 201044738 況下，即可能造成某一相電壓低於臨界值而直接衝擊用電 安王，基於前述安全理由，本發明並不採用各相電麼的平 均值作為判斷對象，而係以最低的相電麼作為判斷對象， 在此狀況下，只要最低的相電壓高於基準電壓值，其他相 必然高於基準電磨值，在同時對各相電麼進行調降時，不 虞發生某一相電塵低於臨界值的情況，因而可有效確保用 電安全。 Ο 【實施方式】 關於本發明之一較佳實施例，係針對三相電源的應用 場合，首先請參閱第一圖所示，其包括一自麵變應器（1〇) ，該自耗變壓H (1〇)在同一鐵怒上設有三個繞组〇】卜⑴) ，每一繞組（11)〜（13)分別具有一次側及二次側，其一次側 係分別構成三相電源的各相電源輸入端（RST)，其二次側 則分別與一相電源輸出端（u,v,w)連接；再者，各繞組 (1彳）〜（13)的二次側係分別在不同匝數處拉出抽頭（U，U3, U2，U1)(V，V3，V2，V1)(W，W3，W2，W1)，各繞組⑴卜（13)之 其t 一抽頭（高壓端）（叱、诃）係分別與相電源輸出端 (U，V，W)連接，其他抽頭（U3，U2 U1)(V3,V2 V1)(W3，W2, W1)則分別透過一開關組（20)的多個開關接點 MFH，MR)相互連接，該等開關接點（mflmfmmfhmr^ 分別由開關組（20)中對應的電磁開關（21 )~(24)控制其開閉 路，當不同的電磁開關（21)〜(24)激磁時，將使對應的開關 接點（1\/^1_，1\^1^，1\^比1\^)轉成閉合，各繞組（11卜（13)遂透 過不同的抽頭（U3，V3，W3)、（U2，V2，W2)或（U1，V1，W1)與 7 201044738 相電源輸出端（U，V，W)連接，由於各繞組（11)〜（彳3)的抽頭 (U，U3，U2，U1)(V，V3，V2，V1)(W，W3，W2，W1) E 數係由高壓 端向低壓端遞減，其分別代表不同的降壓比例，當愈下端 的抽頭與相電源輸出端（u，v，w)連接，由相電源輸出端 (u，v，w)送出的相電壓即愈低。 又前述開關組（20)進一步包括複數的常閉開關接點 (MFL，MFM，MFH，MR)，其交叉地與各電磁開關（21卜(24)串聯， 以產生互斥作用，確保各電磁開關（21 )~(24)及對應開關接 Ο 點（1\^匕，1\/^1\/1，1\/^^1，1\^)的獨立運作。 再前述開關組（20)中各電磁開關（21 )~(24)的激磁與否 係由一偵測控制單元（1 00)所控制，關於該偵測控制單元 (100)之具體電路結構請參閱第二圖所示，其包括： 複數相電壓檢出電路（31)^(33)，係分別由一變壓器 T2〜T4、一橋式整流器BD3〜BD5及一 OP放大器（310卜 (330)所組成’該變壓器Τ2~Τ4之一次側係分別與前述相 電源輸出端（U，V，W)連接，以分別取得其相間電壓（u-V，V-❹ W，W-U) ’又變壓器T2〜T4的二次側係與橋式整流器 BD3〜BD5的輸入端連接，將經降壓後的相電壓整流成直 流電壓，再送至OP放大器（310)〜（330)進行訊號放大； 一多工選擇電路（40)，主要係由一微控制器（41)、一 多工器（42)及一放大器（43)組成，該微控制器（41)具有複數 輸入端及至少一輸出端，該多工器（42)具有複數輸入端、 至少一輸出端及一控制端，而前述各相電壓檢出電路 (31)〜（33)的輸出端係分別與微控制器（41)及多工器（42)的 輸入端連接’又多工器（42)的控制端係與微控制器（41)的 8 201044738 輸出端連接；藉此’利用微控制器（41)控制多工器（42)的 切換，可將各相電壓透過多工器（42)的多工切換輪流地送 至放大器（43>進行訊號放大； 微處理器（50)，係作為運算控制中樞，其可供判斷 電壓最低之相電壓，並與一設定的基準電壓值進行比較； 該微處理器（50)具有複數輸入端及複數輸出端，其中兩輸 入端R41，R42上分設一可變電阻VR5,VR4，供設定前述 基準電壓值，以便與檢出的各相電壓進行比較，又其另一 〇 輸入端R40係與前述放大器（43)連接，以接收被檢出的各 相電壓訊號； 一切換電路（60)’主要係由一驅動器（61)及複數繼電 器RY1〜RY4所組成，該驅動器（61)具有複數輸入端|1H5 ’其分別與微處理器（50)的輸出端連接，又驅動器（61)的 輸出端則分別與各繼電器RY1~RY4的激磁線圈連接，該 繼電器RY1〜RY4分別包括複數開關接點，各繼電器 RY1 ~RY4的開關接點係分別連接於前述開關組（2〇)各電磁 開關（21)〜(24)與一直流電源（+5v)之間，以便由微處理器 (50)透過該驅動器（61)及繼電器rY1~rY4控制開關組（2〇) 各電磁開關（21)〜（24)之激磁與否； 一電源電路（70)，係用以供應工作電源予前述偵測控 制單元的各個電路及開關組（20)的用電，其包括一變塵器 丁1、兩橋式整流器BD1,BD2及一穩壓電路（71)，該變壓 器T1的一次侧係與前述相電源輸出端的其中兩相 連接’以取得一單相的交流電源’該交流電源經變壓器T1 降壓後分別送至兩橋式整流器BD1,BD2的輸入端，以整 9 201044738 流成直流電源，經過其中一橋式整流器BD1整流後係提供 24V的直流工作電源，而由另一橋式整流器BD2整流後的 直流電源則再經穩壓電路（71)進行穩壓，以提供多组直流 工作電源及參考電壓。 由上述說明可瞭解本發明之詳細電路構造，至於其工 作方式詳如以下所述： 當自耦變壓器（10)各繞組（11 )~(1 3)一次側上的相電源 輸入端（R，S，T)有電源送入時’剛開始各繞組（11)〜（13)二 Ο 次側上的常開開關接點（1^卩1_，|\^1^，1\^14，1\^)均不動作，三 相電源係經由各繞組（11)〜（13)高壓端的抽頭（u v w)直送 到相電源輸出端（u，v，w) ’該三相電源的各相電壓隨即分 別由各相電壓檢出電路（31)〜(33)所檢出，透過多工選擇電 路（40)中微控制器（41)與多工器（42)的多工切換，使三相電 源的各相電壓輪流地送至微處理器（5〇)進行判斷，該微處 理器（50)將先經過比較後找出最低的相電壓，進而判斷該 相電壓是否大於設定的基準電壓值，若等於或小於基準電 〇 遷值，表示輸入電源的各相電壓原即不高，故不存在高壓 轉低壓的損耗問題，故各繞組（彳彳）、^)二次側上的常開開 關接點（MFL，MFM，MFH，MR)維持開路，輸入的三相電源將 經自耗變壓器（10)但不作降壓處理而直接送出。 惟偵測控制單元（100)仍將持續監控三相電源的變化狀 況，一旦三相電源中最低的一相電壓高於微處理器（50)設 定的基準電壓值時，則由微處理器（50)根據該相電壓高出 基準電壓值之不同程度，透過切換電路（60)選擇使其中一 相應的電磁開關（21 )~(24)激磁，進而使與該電磁開關對應 201044738 的開關接點（1^1_，1\^1^1，1\^1^1\/1尺）閉合。 舉例而言，當本發明的偵測控制裝置運用在220V的 場合’則設定一最低工作電壓作為基準電壓值，例如 208V，並以一電壓範圍作為切換的單位（例如8V)，當輸入 電源中最低的一相電壓為228V時，228V-208V=20V，因 此可至少進行兩段降壓’而將該相電壓調降至212V(228V -8V-8V)，其他兩相電壓亦同步調降16v。至於如何使各相 電壓同時降下16V，則係透過選擇其中一電磁開關導通而 〇 使其對應的開關接點來達成。 請參閱第一圖所示’當微處理器（50)運算的結果是令 電磁開關（22)導通及各繞組（11 )~(13)二次側上相對應的開 關接點（MFM)閉合時，各繞組（11卜（13)二次側係以抽頭 (U2，V2，W2)以上的繞匝分別與相電源輸出端（u v，w)連接 ’藉此達到降低三相電源各相電壓之目的。而在電磁開關 (22)導通及開關接點（MFM)閉合的情況下，因其常開開關 接點（MFM)轉呈開路，故亦切斷其他電磁開關（21 )(23)(24) 〇 的電源迴路，故可確保該電磁開關（22)與開關接點（MFM) 的獨立運作。 又前述自耦變壓器（10)分別於各繞組（11卜（1 3)上分設 一溫度感測器（TH1，TH2，TH3) ’各溫度感測器（τη 1 th2 TH3)並分別控制一常閉開關接點〒兩），各常閉開關 接點（τρπ,τ^,π^)係串聯在一起，於本實施例中，若自耦變 壓器（10)任一繞組（11)〜（13)的溫度超過攝氏1〇〇度，其常 閉開關接點轉呈開路，此時將透過一光耦合器PC2送回一 訊號至微處理器（50)(請參閱第二圖所示），由微處理器（5〇) 11 201044738 產生警示訊息或中斷工作。 又前述第一圖之電路設計係針對220V三相電源的運 用場〇，當其運用在38〇v三相電源的場合時如第三圖 所不’，、須在自耦變壓器（10)的相電源輸入端（R，S)、相電 源輸出端（U，V)與偵測控制單元（1 〇〇)之間分別設一變壓器 TR1,TR2而將輸入的三相電源進行降壓後再送至偵測控 制單元（100)進行監控。 再者前述實施例係以三相電源的應用場合為例說明 ’事實上亦可運用在單相電源的使用場合，不同處在於： 自輕變整器只須兩個繞組，繞組的—次側仍構成相電源輸 入端，繞組的二次側亦拉出數個抽頭，可切換地與相電源 輸出端連接；由於單相電源係取三相電源中的其中兩相， 故在此應用場合中，係令輸入電源的兩相（uv)分別與兩繞 4的人侧連接’供偵測控制單元由各繞組相電源輸出端 檢出其相電壓’進而判斷以電壓或V相電壓較低，再以 較低的相電虔與設定的基準電麼值比較，冑而決定是否調 降各相電壓的電壓值》 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係本發明一較佳實施例之配線示意圖。 第二圖：係本發明一較佳實施例之詳細電路圖。 第三圖：係本發明又一較佳實施例之配線示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (10)自耦變壓器 （11)〜（13)繞組 12 201044738 (20)開關組 （21)~(24)電磁開關 (31)~(33)相電壓檢出電路 (41)微控制器 (43)放大器 (60)切換電路 (70)電源電路 (310卜（330)OP放大器 (40)多工選擇電路 (42)多工器 (50)微處理器 (61)驅動器 (71)穩壓電路D w 'each input terminal is respectively connected with the output end of each phase voltage detecting circuit to select one of the phase voltage detecting circuit output signals to be sent out by the output terminal; a microprocessor 'having a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals One of the input terminals is connected to the multiplex selection circuit; a switching circuit is mainly composed of a driver and a plurality of relays. The driver is controlled by a microprocessor, and each relay has a switch contact, and each switch contact is respectively An electromagnetic switch connected to the switch group is connected to a power source for controlling the excitation of the electromagnetic switches of the switch group by the microprocessor through the driver and the relay. 5 201044738 The above circuit design will provide a multi-segment voltage switching function under the premise of ensuring the safety of power consumption. When the primary side of each coupling transformer is connected with two or two phases of the input power supply, in the starting state, the switch group No action, the three-phase power supply will be sent out by the output terminals of each phase of the autotransformer, and the voltage of each phase will be detected by the multiplex selection circuit polling the output terminals of each phase voltage detection circuit, and then sent to the microprocessor for interpretation. The microprocessor will first determine which phase voltage is the lowest, and then compare the lowest phase voltage with a set reference voltage value. If the lowest phase voltage is lower than the reference voltage value, the three-phase power supply is directly sent out. At the reference voltage value, the microprocessor selects the switch contacts in the switch group through the switching circuit to switch the phase power output of each winding of the autotransformer according to the difference between the lowest phase voltage and the reference voltage value. Connected to different taps on the secondary side, at which point each winding becomes a step-down transformer. The input power is stepped down before being sent to the user. This not only avoids unnecessary waste of power loss, can still ensure the normal power supply to the end user. It is worth mentioning that the microprocessor determines whether to determine the step-down of the input power supply. It is based on the phase voltage of one of the lowest voltages in the input power supply, instead of taking the average value of each phase voltage. The reason is that the premise of improving the efficiency of electricity consumption is that the safety of electricity has been ensured. The so-called electricity safety means that the voltage of the input power supply should not be lower than a safe critical value, and the right voltage is lower than the critical value, which will affect the safety of power consumption. Therefore, if the average value of the voltages of the respective phases is taken as the object of judgment, the voltage of each phase power source may be different due to the imbalance. In this case, if the average value of the electrical phases of each phase is taken as the object of judgment, Although the average value is higher than the critical value, when the voltage is adjusted, the voltage of each phase is simultaneously reduced by the same value. In this case, in the case of 2010-0438, it may cause a certain phase voltage to be lower than the critical value and directly impact. According to the above safety reasons, the invention does not use the average value of each phase as the judgment object, but the lowest phase power as the judgment object. In this case, as long as the lowest phase voltage is higher than the reference. The voltage value, the other phase must be higher than the reference electric grind value. When the phase current is adjusted down, the electric dust of a certain phase is less than the critical value, so the safety of electricity can be effectively ensured.实施 [Embodiment] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed to a three-phase power supply application. First, please refer to the first figure, which includes a self-surface transformer (1〇), the self-consumption The pressure H (1〇) is provided with three windings on the same iron anger, and each of the windings (11) to (13) has a primary side and a secondary side, respectively, and the primary side thereof respectively constitutes a three-phase power supply. The power supply input terminals (RST) of each phase are connected to the phase output terminals (u, v, w) of the respective phases respectively; furthermore, the secondary sides of the respective windings (1彳) to (13) are respectively Pull the taps (U, U3, U2, U1) (V, V3, V2, V1) (W, W3, W2, W1) at different turns, and the t-twist of each winding (1) (13) The terminals (叱, 诃) are connected to the phase power output terminals (U, V, W) respectively, and the other taps (U3, U2 U1) (V3, V2 V1) (W3, W2, W1) are respectively transmitted through a switch group. (20) A plurality of switch contacts MFH, MR) are connected to each other, and the switch contacts (mflmfmmfhmr^ are respectively controlled by corresponding electromagnetic switches (21)~(24) in the switch group (20), when different Electromagnetic switch (21) ~ (24) At the same time, the corresponding switch contacts (1\/^1_, 1\^1^, 1\^ ratio 1\^) are turned into closed, and the respective windings (11b(13)遂 pass through different taps (U3, V3, W3), (U2, V2, W2) or (U1, V1, W1) are connected to the 7 201044738 phase power supply output terminals (U, V, W) due to the taps of the windings (11) ~ (彳3) ( U, U3, U2, U1) (V, V3, V2, V1) (W, W3, W2, W1) The E number decreases from the high pressure end to the low voltage end, which respectively represent different step-down ratios, when the lower end The tap is connected to the phase power output (u, v, w), and the phase voltage sent by the phase power output (u, v, w) is lower. The switch group (20) further includes a plurality of normally closed switches. Points (MFL, MFM, MFH, MR), which are connected in series with each electromagnetic switch (21b (24) to create mutual exclusion, ensuring electromagnetic switches (21)~(24) and corresponding switch contacts ( 1\^匕,1\/^1\/1,1\/^^1,1\^) independent operation. Then the excitation of each electromagnetic switch (21)~(24) in the aforementioned switch group (20) Whether it is controlled by a detection control unit (100), the specific circuit structure of the detection control unit (100) Referring to the second figure, it comprises: a complex phase voltage detecting circuit (31)^(33), which is respectively composed of a transformer T2~T4, a bridge rectifier BD3~BD5 and an OP amplifier (310b (330) The primary side of the transformers Τ2~Τ4 are respectively connected to the phase power output terminals (U, V, W) to obtain their phase-to-phase voltages (uV, V-❹ W, WU) and transformers T2 to T4, respectively. The secondary side is connected to the input terminals of the bridge rectifiers BD3 BDBD5, and the stepped voltage is rectified into a DC voltage, and then sent to the OP amplifiers (310) to (330) for signal amplification; a multiplex selection circuit ( 40), mainly composed of a microcontroller (41), a multiplexer (42) and an amplifier (43), the microcontroller (41) has a plurality of inputs and at least one output, the multiplexer (42) having a plurality of input terminals, at least one output terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the output terminals of the phase voltage detecting circuits (31) to (33) are respectively associated with the microcontroller (41) and the multiplexer (42) The input terminal of the multiplexer (42) is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller (41) 8 201044738 By using the microcontroller (41) to control the switching of the multiplexer (42), the voltage of each phase can be alternately transmitted to the amplifier through the multiplexer of the multiplexer (42) (43) for signal amplification; The processor (50) is used as an arithmetic control center for determining the phase voltage with the lowest voltage and comparing with a set reference voltage value; the microprocessor (50) has a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, wherein The two input terminals R41 and R42 are respectively provided with a variable resistor VR5, VR4 for setting the reference voltage value for comparison with the detected phase voltages, and another input terminal R40 for the amplifier (43). Connected to receive the detected phase voltage signals; a switching circuit (60)' is mainly composed of a driver (61) and a plurality of relays RY1 RY RY4, the driver (61) has a plurality of input terminals | 1H5 ' They are respectively connected to the output end of the microprocessor (50), and the output ends of the driver (61) are respectively connected to the excitation coils of the relays RY1 to RY4, and the relays RY1 to RY4 respectively include a plurality of switch contacts, and each of the relays RY1 ~ Opening of RY4 The contacts are respectively connected between the electromagnetic switches (21) to (24) of the switch group (2) and the DC power supply (+5v) for being transmitted by the microprocessor (50) through the driver (61) and the relay. rY1~rY4 control switch group (2〇) excitation of each electromagnetic switch (21)~(24); a power supply circuit (70) for supplying working power to each circuit and switch group of the above detection control unit (20) The power consumption includes a dust filter D1, a two-bridge rectifier BD1, BD2, and a voltage stabilizing circuit (71), and the primary side of the transformer T1 is connected to two of the phase output terminals of the phase power supply' In order to obtain a single-phase AC power supply, the AC power supply is stepped down by the transformer T1 and sent to the input terminals of the two bridge rectifiers BD1 and BD2, and flows into a DC power supply through the entire 9 201044738, and is rectified by one of the bridge rectifiers BD1. A 24V DC working power supply is provided, and a DC power source rectified by another bridge rectifier BD2 is regulated by a voltage stabilizing circuit (71) to provide multiple sets of DC operating power and a reference voltage. The detailed circuit configuration of the present invention can be understood from the above description, and its working mode is as follows: When the auto-transformer (10) windings (11) ~ (1 3) on the primary side of the phase power input (R, S, T) When the power is supplied, the normally open switch contacts on the secondary side of each winding (11) to (13) are the first (1^卩1_, |\^1^,1\^14,1 \^) No action, the three-phase power supply is directly sent to the phase power supply output terminal (u, v, w) via the taps (uvw) of the high voltage end of each winding (11) ~ (13) 'The voltage of each phase of the three-phase power supply is immediately It is detected by each phase voltage detecting circuit (31) to (33), and the multiplex switching of the microcontroller (41) and the multiplexer (42) in the multiplex selection circuit (40) enables the three-phase power supply. The voltages of the respective phases are sent to the microprocessor (5〇) for determination. The microprocessor (50) will first compare and find the lowest phase voltage, and then determine whether the phase voltage is greater than the set reference voltage value. If it is equal to or less than the reference electric relocation value, it means that the voltage of each phase of the input power source is not high, so there is no loss problem of high voltage to low voltage, so the windings ( Left foot), ^) on the secondary side of the normally open switch contacts (MFL, MFM, MFH, MR) is maintained open, three-phase power input via the consumable transformer (10) but is not directly sent down process. However, the detection control unit (100) will continue to monitor the change of the three-phase power supply. Once the lowest phase voltage of the three-phase power supply is higher than the reference voltage value set by the microprocessor (50), the microprocessor ( 50) according to the difference between the phase voltage and the reference voltage value, the switching circuit (60) selects one of the corresponding electromagnetic switches (21)~(24) to be excited, so that the switch contact corresponding to the electromagnetic switch corresponds to 201044738. (1^1_,1\^1^1,1\^1^1\/1 ft) closed. For example, when the detection control device of the present invention is used at 220V, a minimum operating voltage is set as a reference voltage value, for example, 208V, and a voltage range is used as a switching unit (for example, 8V) when inputting power. When the lowest one-phase voltage is 228V, 228V-208V=20V, so at least two-stage buck can be performed, and the phase voltage is reduced to 212V (228V -8V-8V), and the other two-phase voltages are also simultaneously reduced by 16v. . As for how to lower the voltage of each phase by 16V at the same time, it is achieved by selecting one of the electromagnetic switches to be turned on and 对应 to correspond to the switch contacts. Please refer to the figure in the first figure. 'The result of the microprocessor (50) operation is to make the electromagnetic switch (22) turn on and the corresponding switch contact (MFM) on the secondary side of each winding (11)~(13) is closed. When the windings of the respective windings (11b (13) are connected with the phase power supply output terminals (uv, w) by taps above the taps (U2, V2, W2), the voltage of each phase of the three-phase power supply is reduced. For the purpose, when the electromagnetic switch (22) is turned on and the switch contact (MFM) is closed, the normally open switch contact (MFM) is turned open, so other electromagnetic switches (21) are also cut off (23). (24) The power circuit of the , ensures the independent operation of the electromagnetic switch (22) and the switch contact (MFM). The autotransformer (10) is separately arranged on each winding (11b (1 3)). A temperature sensor (TH1, TH2, TH3) 'each temperature sensor (τη 1 th2 TH3) and respectively control a normally closed switch contact 〒 two), each normally closed switch contact (τρπ, τ^, π ^) is connected in series. In this embodiment, if the temperature of any of the windings (11) to (13) of the autotransformer (10) exceeds 1 degree Celsius, its normally closed switch contact The switch is open, and a signal is sent back to the microprocessor (50) through an optocoupler PC2 (see the second figure). The microprocessor (5〇) 11 201044738 generates a warning message or interrupts the work. The circuit design of the first figure above is for the application field of the 220V three-phase power supply. When it is used in the 38〇v three-phase power supply, as shown in the third figure, it must be in the autotransformer (10). A phase converter (TR, S), a phase power supply output (U, V) and a detection control unit (1 〇〇) are respectively provided with a transformer TR1, TR2 to step down the input three-phase power supply. The detection control unit (100) is sent to the detection control unit (100) for monitoring. In addition, the foregoing embodiment uses the three-phase power supply as an example to illustrate that 'the fact can also be used in the single-phase power supply. The difference lies in: The device only needs two windings, the secondary side of the winding still forms the input end of the phase power supply, and the secondary side of the winding also pulls out several taps, which can be switched to the output end of the phase power supply; since the single-phase power supply is a three-phase power supply Two of the phases, so in this application, the order is entered The two phases of the source (uv) are respectively connected to the human side of the two windings 4, and the detection control unit detects the phase voltage of each winding phase power supply output terminal to determine whether the voltage or the V phase voltage is lower, and then lower. The phase current is compared with the set reference power value, and then the voltage value of each phase voltage is lowered. [First description of the drawings] The first figure is a wiring diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 3 is a detailed circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of wiring according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Main Components] (10) Autotransformer (11)~(13) Winding 12 201044738 (20) Switch group (21) ~ (24) Electromagnetic switch (31) ~ (33) Phase voltage detection circuit (41) Microcontroller (43) Amplifier (60) Switching circuit (70) Power circuit ( 310 Bu (330) OP amplifier (40) multiplex selection circuit (42) multiplexer (50) microprocessor (61) driver (71) voltage regulator circuit
(100)偵測控制單元 ❹ 13(100) Detection Control Unit ❹ 13