201042026 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種替代燃料及廢棄物資源化領 域，尤其是關於一種以油泥為主成分之新穎固離燃 料及其製造方法。 u 、 【先前技術】 油泥的來源與組成非常的複雜，從石油（含各 種油品）的儲存、石化製程中各操作單元，甚至廢 水處理流程均有油泥的產生。就石油煉製廠而言， 油泥主要來源可歸納為（1)石油煉製廠製程單元，（2) 廢水處理廠，（3)儲油槽的清洗，（4)停爐間的維護； 其中以定期清洗石油儲存槽的槽底殘渣和廢水處理 廠的油污泥為最大宗。而槽底所積存的油泥為固體 或半固體之物質或沈積物，成分包含（丨）油中物質分 解或分離而成之碳氫化合物，（2)油槽外進入之非碳 氫化合物’（3)固體物或砂（伴隨原油）、水、鐵錄或 渣及重質碳氫化合物等’也因此油泥的成份主要有 三大類：（1)水份，（2)無機性固體物，（3)碳氫化合物， 其比例依不同來源而有不同，大致為水分含 10〜60% ’碳氫化合物30〜80%，無機性固體物質 10〜40%。其中，碳氫化合物的發熱值約 10,300〜10,700kcal/kg。 因油泥含高量碳氫化合物，值得從油泥中回收 201042026 較高級的能源成分，一方面增加油品產量，另一方 面減少待處理的固體廢棄物（如發明專利號 CN98113781.4從廢油泥中提取原油的工藝方法）；若 將油泥視為廢棄物處理處置，歸納一般處理油泥先 前技術可分為（1)從污染源頭直接減少待處理量，（2) 資源回收再利用，（3)燃燒/焚化，（4)穩定化後掩埋處 理。由此可知，以燃燒/焚化方式處理油泥可達到減 量與資源回收的雙重目的。 雖然將油泥燃燒/焚化可達到減量與回收熱能， 但油泥具黏稠狀及惡臭之性質，在清除、運輸、貯 存及使用上均極為不方便，同時未經適當前處之油 泥，其燃燒效率不高，使得廢氣中含有大量的煙塵、 SOx、NOx等空氣污染物，易引起嚴重之空氣污染問 題，致使國内多數油泥無法充分的回收再利用，從 97年廢油及油泥工業廢棄物申報再利用數量僅 21,6 0 6公嘲（如表一），可以得到印證，依此推估大 量未被回收再利用之油泥可能均進入掩埋場處理。 表一 97年廢油及油泥工業廢棄物申報再利用統計表 類別 委託許可再利用機 構 委託公民營廢棄物處 (清)理機構 申報再利用數 量（公°頓） 8,160.92 13,445.56 合計（公嘲） 21,606.48 資料來源： 經濟部工業局工業廢棄物清除處理與資源化 輔導計晝，2008。 5 201042026 然以土地掩埋方式處理油泥，仍有極大的污染 風險存在，萬-穩定化不良，可能會有污染地下水 源’造成健康危害之慮。且在廢油泥的有機成份中 有多種芳香烴化合物及多環芳香烴化合物 (P〇lyar〇matic hydr〇carbons，PAHs )等致癌物質的存 在（如benzene，ethylbenzenenaphthalenet〇i刪e， xylene等）；在無機成份方面亦含有相當量的重金 屬，如鎳、鈒、鋅、猛等；其毒性視其中苯紛所佔 比例而定，故國内急待有新的油泥處理技術問世， 解決掩埋場土地不足之窘境，同時降低環境污染的 風險。 在混合油泥燃料組合物之先前技術中，發明專 利公告號TW489123揭露一種直接將油泥潑灑在石 /由焦之方法，讓油泥被石油焦吸附，因該含油泥燃 料以石油焦為主要燃料成分，雖然解決部分油泥廢 棄物問題，但油泥之惡臭味使得石油焦變得更具異 未，使得石油焦銷售受到阻力；又當喷灑之油泥所 含有害物質（如重金屬等），其石油焦之毒性溶出試 驗檢測結果仍有可能高於有害事業廢棄物認定標 準。 發明專利公開號CN101368118揭露一種含油泥 型煤’其由20〜50%的原煤、2〜35%的油泥、10〜40〇/〇 的煤泥及3〜8%的固硫消煙劑所組成，但未說明製造 201042026 方法，無法據以實施；又因該含油泥型煤係以原煤 為主要燃料成分，所含油泥最多僅可容許35%，無法 大夏處理油/尼廢棄物問題；該組合物添加油泥會增 加產品異味問題外，當使用之油泥所含有害物質（如 f金$彡）’其含油泥型煤之毒性溶Λ試驗檢測結果 仍有可能高於有害事業廢棄物認定標準。 發明專利公開號CN101215487揭露一種生物質 ❹ ，泥型煤的製造方法，其將重量比8〇%的煙煤、15 %的油泥、4〜5%的生物質混合後’在有機改性殿粉 類黏結劑作用下’於成型設備壓製而成。因該含油 =型煤係以煙煤為主要燃料成分，最多僅可容許。 义油泥及4〜5%生物質，無法大量處理油泥及生物質 廢棄物問題；又該組合物結合方式乃利用少量之澱 粉類：結劑（重量比〇 4〜〇 75%)，其添加組成之中 ]穩疋化及固定化結構不強，無法有效抑制異味及 © 將有害物質成分固定在燃料中，故添加油泥會增加 產品異味問題外，當使用之油泥所含有害物質（如 f金屬等）’其生物f油泥型煤之毒性溶出試驗檢測 、〜果仍有可能高於有害事業廢棄物認定標準。 欠廢棄物資源化的處理方式是為了延長非再生性 資源的有效循環利用，達到永續發展目標最重要的 因此，發明人為解決前述油泥直接燃燒/焚化、 掩理處理所遭遇問題，以及改善發明專利公告號 7 201042026 TW489123、發明專利公開#uCN1〇1368n8及發明專 利公開號CN101215487等先前技術之諸多缺失，乃提 出一種以油泥為主要成分之新穎燃料之解決方案， 利用向溫熔融之固化技術，將油泥轉製成形狀穩定 且質地均勻之高熱值固態燃料，直接作為各式鍋爐 或燃燒系統之主要燃料，不僅可達到油泥中間穩定 化處理的目的，減少油泥送至掩埋場之數量延長 掩埋場使用壽命，同時使油泥熱值得到充分的利 用，達到油泥廢棄資源化之目的。 【發明内容】 因油泥之組成複雜，其不易與其他物質均勻地 融合在一起，在工程實務上，以油泥為主要成分並 將油泥型態之物質轉化成不同型態之固體物質實非 易事’且由先前技術中未見有利用與本案類似固化 劑將油泥轉製為固態燃料之相關前案，顯示本發明 為該領域具有通常知識者不易思及與輕易完成之工 作。發明人乃創先應用與油泥具有相融合性，且室 溫為固態但兩溫為液態或熔融狀態之可燃性碳氫化 合物，當作本油泥之固化劑，當固化劑在高溫條件 呈現為液態或熔融狀態時，可與油泥相互融合成為 均勻組成，再經塑型及冷卻後，即成為一種^穎的 高熱值固態燃料。發明人經過不斷地研發、測試及 改進過程，最後得出油泥、骨材及固化劑最佳化之 8 201042026 配比及操作條件等製造方法，成功地將油泥轉製成 具產業利用性之高熱值固態燃料，充分顯示本發明 具有新穎性及進步性。其具體實施方式說明如下： 【實施方式】 典型的油泥成分包含水份39.15%，灰份ι.88%及 可燃份58.97 %。就發熱值而言，油泥的乾基發熱量 為10,300〜10,700 1^&1/1^，比美規六號燃料油標準發 Ο 熱值10,200 kcal/kg還高，故非常適合回收其熱值。 本發明即是以此具高熱值且不含水分之油泥為固態 燃料之主成分。 因本發明使用之油泥發熱值高達 10,300〜10,700kcal/kg左右，故可依所欲達到之發熱 值範圍（例如7,500〜8,000kcal/kg)，進行油泥、骨材 及固化劑之摻配比例的適度調整，而達到所設定之 ❹固態燃料發熱值，本發明含油泥之高熱值固態燃料 製造流程如圖一所示，其步驟包含： (a) 將骨材及固化劑等原料分別於粉碎機中進行粉 碎1〜30分鐘，使得到粒徑在2mm以下之骨^ 及固化劑’當作摻配之細粉原料； (b) 依據固態燃料所設計之發熱值，取一定比例之油 泥、骨材及固化劑（如重量比5〜9〇%油泥、5〜9〇 %骨材及5〜40%固化劑），一同放入揉練機中， 進行拌合混練1〜30分鐘，即獲得混練完成之胚 9 201042026 料； (C)將上述胚料送入擠壓成型機，並控制溫度於 60〜250 C，使固化劑呈現液態或熔融狀態，而油 泥具高度流動性，讓油泥、骨材及固化劑能充分 混合，且骨材均勻分布在油泥及固化劑中，獲得 組成均句且熱值穩定之組合物； (d)將前述組合物由擠壓成型機擠出所設定之形狀 及尺寸，經冷卻定型後，即成固態燃料。 骨材& 固化劑 油泥201042026 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an alternative fuel and waste resource field, and more particularly to a novel solid-state fuel containing sludge as a main component and a method for producing the same. u, [Prior Art] The source and composition of sludge are very complicated. From the storage of petroleum (including various oils), the operation units in the petrochemical process, and even the waste water treatment process, there is sludge production. In the case of petroleum refineries, the main sources of sludge can be summarized as (1) petroleum refinery process units, (2) wastewater treatment plants, (3) cleaning of oil storage tanks, and (4) maintenance of shutdown furnaces; Regularly cleaning the bottom residue of the oil storage tank and the oil sludge of the wastewater treatment plant are the largest. The sludge accumulated at the bottom of the tank is a solid or semi-solid substance or sediment. The composition contains hydrocarbons decomposed or separated from the oil, and (2) non-hydrocarbons entering outside the oil tank' (3) Solid matter or sand (with crude oil), water, iron or slag and heavy hydrocarbons, etc. 'There are mainly three major categories of sludge: (1) moisture, (2) inorganic solids, (3) Hydrocarbons, the ratio varies depending on the source, and the water content is approximately 10 to 60% 'hydrocarbon 30 to 80%, and the inorganic solid matter is 10 to 40%. Among them, the calorific value of hydrocarbons is about 10,300 to 10,700 kcal/kg. Due to the high amount of hydrocarbons in the sludge, it is worthwhile to recover the 201042026 higher-grade energy components from the sludge, on the one hand to increase the oil production, on the other hand to reduce the solid waste to be treated (such as the invention patent number CN98113781.4 from the waste sludge The process of extracting crude oil); if the sludge is treated as waste, the general techniques for the treatment of sludge can be divided into (1) directly reducing the amount of treatment from the source of pollution, (2) recycling and recycling of resources, (3) burning / Incineration, (4) Post-stabilization and landfill treatment. It can be seen that the treatment of sludge by combustion/incineration can achieve the dual purposes of reduction and resource recovery. Although the burning/incineration of sludge can achieve the reduction and recovery of heat energy, the oil has the characteristics of viscous and malodorous, and it is extremely inconvenient to remove, transport, store and use. At the same time, without the proper sludge, the combustion efficiency is not High, so that the exhaust gas contains a large amount of air pollutants such as soot, SOx, NOx, etc., which may cause serious air pollution problems, resulting in the inability of most domestic sludge to be fully recovered and reused, from the declaration of waste oil and sludge industrial waste in 1997. The use of only 21,60 6 sneakers (as shown in Table 1) can be confirmed, and it is estimated that a large number of unrecycled sludge may enter the landfill. Table 1 97 Waste oil and sludge industrial waste declaration and reuse statistics category Entrusted license re-use agency entrusted the Citizens Camp Waste Department (clear) organization to declare the number of reuse (public-ton) 8,160.92 13,445.56 Total (public ridicule) 21,606.48 Source: Industrial Waste Removal and Recycling Coordination Program, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2008. 5 201042026 However, the treatment of sludge by land burial still has a great risk of pollution, and 10,000-stable stabilization may cause pollution of groundwater sources. And in the organic components of waste sludge, there are a variety of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs), such as benzene, ethylbenzenenaphthalenet〇i, e, xylene, etc.; In terms of inorganic components, it also contains a considerable amount of heavy metals, such as nickel, antimony, zinc, and sulphur; its toxicity depends on the proportion of benzene, so there is an urgent need for new sludge treatment technology in the country to solve the problem of land shortage in the landfill. The dilemma while reducing the risk of environmental pollution. In the prior art of the mixed sludge fuel composition, the invention patent publication No. TW489123 discloses a method of directly spraying the sludge on the stone/by coke to allow the sludge to be adsorbed by the petroleum coke, since the sludge-containing fuel is mainly composed of petroleum coke. Although solving some sludge waste problems, the foul odor of the oil makes the petroleum coke more disproportionate, causing the sales of petroleum coke to be resisted; and when the sprayed sludge contains harmful substances (such as heavy metals), its petroleum coke The results of the toxic dissolution test may still be higher than the standards for the identification of hazardous industrial wastes. The invention patent publication No. CN101368118 discloses a sludge containing coal which consists of 20~50% raw coal, 2~35% sludge, 10~40〇/〇 coal slurry and 3~8% solid sulfur smoke suppressant. However, it does not explain the method of manufacturing 201042026, which cannot be implemented. Because the sludge-containing coal type uses raw coal as the main fuel component, the sludge contained can only allow up to 35% of the sludge, and it is impossible to deal with oil/nibres in summer. Adding sludge to the composition will increase the odor of the product. When the used sludge contains harmful substances (such as f gold $彡), the test results of the toxic solubility test of the sludge containing coal may still be higher than the standard of hazardous industrial waste. . The invention patent publication No. CN101215487 discloses a method for manufacturing biomass mash and mud coal, which mixes bituminous coal, 15% sludge and 4~5% biomass with a weight ratio of 8〇%, and then in the organic modified temple powder. Under the action of the binder, it is pressed into the molding equipment. Because the oil-containing coal type uses bituminous coal as the main fuel component, it can only be tolerated at most. Yiyou sludge and 4~5% biomass, can not deal with the problem of sludge and biomass waste in large quantities; and the combination of the composition uses a small amount of starch: the mixture (weight ratio 〇4~〇75%), its addition composition Among them, the stable structure and the immobilized structure are not strong, and the odor is not effectively suppressed. © The harmful substance is fixed in the fuel. Therefore, adding the sludge will increase the odor of the product, and the used sludge contains harmful substances (such as f metal). Etc.) 'The test of the toxicity of the bio-foil briquette test, ~ fruit may still be higher than the standard of hazardous business waste. The treatment of waste recycling is to extend the effective recycling of non-renewable resources and achieve the most important goal of sustainable development. Therefore, the inventors have solved the problems encountered in the direct combustion/incineration and treatment of the sludge, and improved the invention. Patent Publication No. 7 201042026 TW489123, invention patent publication #uCN1〇1368n8 and invention patent publication number CN101215487 and the like, many of the shortcomings of the prior art, propose a solution of a novel fuel with sludge as a main component, using a curing technique of warm melting, The sludge is converted into a high-calorific value solid fuel with stable shape and uniform texture. It can be directly used as the main fuel for various boilers or combustion systems. It can not only achieve the purpose of intermediate sludge stabilization treatment, but also reduce the amount of sludge sent to the landfill to extend the landfill. The service life, at the same time, fully utilizes the calorific value of the sludge to achieve the purpose of recycling the sludge. [Summary of the Invention] Due to the complex composition of the sludge, it is not easy to be uniformly fused with other substances. In engineering practice, it is not easy to use sludge as the main component and convert the sludge type substance into different types of solid materials. 'And the prior art has not seen the use of a curing agent similar to the present case to convert sludge into a solid fuel, showing that the present invention is unimaginable and easy to accomplish in the field. The inventor is a flammable hydrocarbon that is fused with sludge and has a solid state at room temperature but a liquid or molten state at both temperatures. It is used as a curing agent for the sludge, and the curing agent is liquid at high temperature. In the molten state, it can be fused with the sludge to form a uniform composition, and after being molded and cooled, it becomes a high-calorific solid fuel of the same. After continuous research and development, testing and improvement, the inventor finally obtained the optimization method of sludge, aggregate and curing agent, and successfully converted the sludge into industrial heat. The value of solid fuel fully demonstrates the novelty and advancement of the present invention. The specific embodiments are described as follows: [Embodiment] A typical sludge component contains 39.15% of water, ι.88% of ash, and 57.97% of flammable parts. In terms of calorific value, the dry heat of the sludge is 10,300~10,700 1^&1/1^, which is higher than the standard value of the fuel oil standard of 10,200 kcal/kg, so it is very suitable for recycling its calorific value. . The present invention is based on the fact that the high calorific value and moisture-free sludge is the main component of the solid fuel. Since the calorific value of the sludge used in the present invention is as high as about 10,300 to 10,700 kcal/kg, the blending ratio of the sludge, the aggregate and the curing agent can be performed according to the desired calorific value range (for example, 7,500 to 8,000 kcal/kg). Appropriate adjustment, and to achieve the set value of the solid fuel heating value, the manufacturing process of the high calorific value solid fuel containing the sludge of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 , and the steps thereof include: (a) separating the raw materials such as the aggregate and the curing agent into the pulverizer The pulverization is carried out for 1 to 30 minutes, so that the bone and the curing agent having a particle diameter of 2 mm or less are used as the raw material of the fine powder; (b) the calorific value of the solid fuel is designed, and a certain proportion of the sludge and bone are taken. Material and curing agent (such as weight ratio 5~9〇% sludge, 5~9〇% aggregate and 5~40% curing agent), put together in the training machine, mix and mix for 1~30 minutes, get (1) feeding the above-mentioned blank into an extrusion molding machine and controlling the temperature at 60 to 250 C to make the curing agent liquid or molten, and the sludge is highly fluid, allowing sludge, The aggregate and curing agent can be fully mixed and the aggregate It is evenly distributed in the sludge and the curing agent to obtain a composition which is uniform in composition and has a stable calorific value; (d) the shape and size set by extruding the composition by an extrusion molding machine, and solidified after being solidified fuel. Aggregate & Curing Agent
固態燃料 圖一含油泥之高熱值固態燃料製造流程 本發明選用之骨材為固形石化燃料或固形生f 燃料之-種或一種以上之骨材混合物，其中固形石 化燃料包含煤炭、石油焦等；固形生質燃料包含木 稻桿、稻殼、稻草、稻草、蔗潰等農業廢棄物。 虽使用固形生質燃料當作#材時，可利用本發明回 匕質燃料之發熱值，同時減少此等廢棄物隨 思棄置&成可利用能源之浪費。 本發明選用之固化劑為融點或軟化點為机以 亡之固悲可燃碳氫化合物，該固化劑可選自石蠟、 微晶體蠛、蜜蝶、樹脂、塑膠、橡膠之任一種】混 10 201042026 合一種以上。因此等固化劑物質在室溫時為固態， 藉由兩溫將固化劑熔融或軟化成具流動性之物質， 充分與前述油泥及骨材混合均勻並結合在一起，再 經任何形式之鑄模或擠壓等方式成型後，當溫度降 低至室溫時，此等混合物便成為形狀穩定之固態燃 料。 實施例1 Ο 取油泥6kg，經粉碎之稻桿3kg(骨材粒徑〇,lmm 以下），經粉碎之石蠟lkg (固化劑粒徑〇1111111以 下）’放入一鐵桶中，經混合及揉練均勻後，加熱至 70〜130C並攪拌10分鐘，再以成型機作成直徑約 3mm，長度約3mm之圓柱體形狀物質，經冷卻定型 後，即得一高熱值之錠狀固態燃料。 實施例2 ❹ 取油泥65kg，經粉碎之稻殼25kg (骨材粒徑 " 0.15mm以下），經粉碎之微晶體蠟10kg (固化劑粒 徑0.15mm以下），放入揉練機中，經混合及揉練均 勻後，加熱至80〜140。(：並攪拌15分鐘，再以連續 性之擠壓成型機作成直徑約5mm之圓條體形物質， 經冷卻及切粒後，即得圓柱形顆粒狀（直徑約5nirnx 長度約5mm )之高熱值之錠狀固態燃料，如圖二所 示。 201042026The solid fuel is a high calorific value solid fuel manufacturing process containing the sludge. The aggregate material selected by the present invention is a solid fossil fuel or a solid fuel or a mixture of more than one aggregate, wherein the solid fossil fuel comprises coal, petroleum coke, etc.; Solid biomass fuels include agricultural waste such as wood straw, rice husk, straw, straw, and sugarcane. When a solid biomass fuel is used as the material, the calorific value of the recovered fuel of the present invention can be utilized, and at the same time, the waste of the waste can be reduced and disposed of. The curing agent selected by the invention is a solid or sinister combustible hydrocarbon which has a melting point or a softening point, and the curing agent can be selected from any one of paraffin, microcrystalline enamel, honey butterfly, resin, plastic and rubber. 10 201042026 More than one type. Therefore, the curing agent substance is solid at room temperature, and the curing agent is melted or softened into a fluid substance by two temperatures, and is sufficiently mixed and combined with the foregoing sludge and aggregate, and then molded by any form or After molding by extrusion or the like, when the temperature is lowered to room temperature, the mixture becomes a solid fuel of a stable shape. Example 1 6 Take 6 kg of sludge, 3 kg of crushed rice straw (bone size 〇, lmm or less), and crushed paraffin lkg (curing agent particle size 〇1111111 or less) into an iron drum, mixed and After the kneading is uniform, the mixture is heated to 70 to 130 C and stirred for 10 minutes, and then a cylindrical shape material having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 3 mm is formed by a molding machine, and after cooling and setting, a high calorific value ingot solid fuel is obtained. Example 2 65 Take 65 kg of oil sludge, 25 kg of crushed rice husk (size of the aggregate " 0.15 mm or less), and 10 kg of pulverized microcrystalline wax (curing agent particle size of 0.15 mm or less), and put it into the tamping machine. After mixing and scouring, heat to 80~140. (: and stirring for 15 minutes, and then forming a round bar-shaped substance with a diameter of about 5 mm by a continuous extrusion molding machine. After cooling and dicing, the high calorific value of the cylindrical granular shape (about 5 nirnx in length and about 5 mm in length) is obtained. The ingot solid fuel is shown in Figure 2. 201042026
圖二本發明之較佳實施例（A) 實施例3 取油泥68kg，經粉碎之木屑20kg及粉煤i〇kg (骨材粒徑均為0.1mm以下），經粉碎之樹脂i2kg (固化劑粒徑0.1mm以下），放入揉練機中，經混 合及揉練均勻後，加熱至80〜16〇°C並攪拌丨5分鐘， 再以連續性之擠壓成型機作成直徑約5lnm之圓條體 形物質，經冷卻及切粒後，即得圓柱形顆粒狀（直 徑約5mmx長度約5mm)之高熱值之錠狀固態燃 料，如圖三所示。Figure 2 Preferred embodiment (A) of the present invention Example 3 Take 68 kg of oil sludge, 20 kg of pulverized wood chips and pulverized coal i〇kg (the aggregate size is 0.1 mm or less), and the pulverized resin i2 kg (curing agent) The particle size of 0.1 mm or less) is placed in a kneading machine, and after mixing and kneading uniformly, it is heated to 80 to 16 ° C and stirred for 5 minutes, and then formed into a diameter of about 5 lnm by a continuous extrusion molding machine. The round bar-shaped substance, after being cooled and pelletized, obtains a high-calorie ingot solid fuel in the form of a cylindrical particle (about 5 mm in diameter and about 5 mm in length), as shown in FIG.
圖三本發明之較佳實施例（B) 實施例4 12 201042026 取油泥650kg ’經粉碎之稻桿1〇〇kg及粉煤 130kg (骨材粒徑均為〇.1ιηηι以下），經粉碎之樹脂 120kg (固化劑粒徑〇1 mm以下），放入揉練機中， 經混合及揉練均勻後，加熱至9〇〜17〇乞並攪拌2〇 分鐘’再以連續性之擠壓成型機作成直徑約10mm 圓條體形之固態物質，經冷卻及切粒後，即得圓柱 形顆粒狀（直徑約1〇mmx長度約1〇mm)之高熱值 之錠狀固態燃料，如圖四所示。Figure 3 Preferred embodiment (B) of the present invention Example 4 12 201042026 Take 650 kg of oil sludge '1 kg of crushed rice straw and 130 kg of pulverized coal (the aggregate size is less than 1.1ιηηι), crushed 120kg of resin (curing agent particle size 〇1mm or less), put into the honing machine, mix and knead evenly, heat to 9〇~17〇乞 and stir for 2〇 minutes, then squeeze into continuous extrusion The machine is made into a solid material with a diameter of about 10 mm in a round shape. After cooling and dicing, it has a high-calorie solid fuel in the shape of a cylindrical granule (about 1 〇 mmx in length and about 1 〇 mm in length), as shown in Figure 4. Show.
圖四本發明之較佳實施例（C) 實施例5 取油泥680kg，經粉碎之蔗渣90kg及粉煤l〇〇kg (骨材粒徑均為〇· lmm以下），經粉碎之樹脂13〇kg (固化劑粒徑〇. 1 mm以下），放入揉練機中，經混 合及揉練均勻後，加熱至80〜16(TC並攪拌20分鐘， 再以連續性之擠壓成型機作成直徑約l〇mm圓條體 形之固態物質，經冷卻及切粒後，即得圓柱形顆粒 狀（直徑約10mm X長度約10mm )之高熱值之鍵狀 13 201042026 固態燃料，如圖五所示。 >谷出試驗檢測結果，如表 性/谷出程序萃出液中總石申 彳貝絡、總銅、總果、總碼 廢棄物認定標準，故本固 物。 本實施例固態燃料之毒性 二所示，經事業廢棄物毒 、總鋇、總録、總鉻、六 濃度，均遠低於有害事業 態燃料非屬有害事業廢棄Figure 4 Preferred embodiment (C) of the present invention Example 5 Take 680 kg of oil sludge, 90 kg of crushed bagasse and 1 kg of pulverized coal (the aggregate size is 〇·lmm or less), and the pulverized resin 13〇 Kg (curing agent particle size 〇. 1 mm or less), put into a kneading machine, mix and knead evenly, then heat to 80~16 (TC and stir for 20 minutes, then make a continuous extrusion molding machine A solid material having a diameter of about 10 mm in the shape of a round bar, after cooling and dicing, obtains a cylindrical shape (a diameter of about 10 mm X and a length of about 10 mm) of a high heat value of the key 13 201042026 solid fuel, as shown in FIG. >The results of the grain test, such as the total stone, the total copper, the total fruit, the total code waste identification standard in the extract of the epigenetic/gluten-out process, so the solid object. The solid fuel of this embodiment According to the toxicity 2, the business waste poison, total sputum, total record, total chromium, and six concentrations are far lower than the hazardous business fuels.
圖五本發明之較佳實施例（D) 表二固 態燃料 τ---- ^性溶出試驗檢測姑畢 檢測項目 檢測值 (mg/L) 有害事業廢棄物 認定標準 檢驗方法 標準(mg/L) — 符合 爭業廢棄物毒性 -—程序 — —-— NIEA R201.13C 萃出液中總坤 --—-- 0.014 >5.0 符合 NIEAR318.11C --〉夜屮、丢貝 —悤鎘 0.291 ~~—- >100.0 NIEAR306.13C ND >1.0 」寻合 NIEA R306.13C ——土見邊中總鉻 ND >5.0 符合 NIEAR306 13C ———逆^1^_中六價絡 一中總銅 ND Μη >2-·-5 合 NIEAR309.12C 中總汞丨 —nd ^ IJ | >0.2 ! 〜ii舍 符合 NIEA R306.13C NIEAR314 12C ! -.…總錯 i -一中總硒1 ^.358 丨 ND ! >5.0 ’ …身合丨 NIEAR306.13C | >1.0 ^ ί NIEA R300.10C : 14 201042026 雖然本發明已以較佳實例揭露如上，但並非用 以限定本發明，任何熟習此項技藝者，在不脫離本 發明之精神和範圍内，當可做更動與潤飾，因此本 發明之保護範圍當視申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 本發明含油泥之高熱值固態燃料提供一種新穎 之燃料形式，其具有諸多節能、環保及經濟效益， 說明如下： 〇 丨.本發明固態燃料主要成分為油泥，該油泥之大多 數原本被視為廢棄物送至掩埋場處理，藉由本發 明使油泥被當成燃料組成之主成分，其油泥熱能 充分被回收再利用，減緩國内對能源進口之需求。 2. 本發明固態燃料主要成分為;由泥，該;由泥之大多 數原本被視為廢棄物送至掩埋場處理，藉由本發 明使油泥被當成燃料組成之主成分，可減少油泥 ◎ 進入掩埋場的數量，延長掩埋場使用壽命，對^也 狹人稠的區域貢獻良多，同時避免油泥廢棄物進 入掩埋場可能污染土壤及地下水之隱憂。 3. 本發明固態燃料主要成分為油泥，油泥原本具有 惡臭之異味，因油泥惡臭成分被固化劑固定在固 態燃料之中，其異味成分無法發散出來，故本發 明固態燃料已不具明顯異味，且在常溫下可儲存 12個月而不會產生惡臭，可於貯存、輪送及操作 過程中，避免廠内作業員工及一般民眾抱怨或陳 15 201042026 情異味問題。 4.=ΓΓ主要成分為油泥，由於油泥種類 及來源眾多，部分來源之油泥可能 試驗檢測結果（如重金屬濃度等）_二= ==:，而被認定為有害事業廢;物 &加油泥委外處理費用或增加油泥資源化之困難 度，因本發明使用之固化技術，油泥所含有害物 質/如重金屬等）成分可被固化劑穩定地固定在 固態燃料中，其毒性溶出試驗檢測結果均遠低於 有害事業廢棄物認定標準，故本發明固態辦料可 視ί一般廢棄物處置’使得該類有害油泥廢棄物 被資源化之可行性大幅提高。 5.本發明燃料在貯存、輸収操作上非常容易 且方便冑供生產者、運輸者及使用者諸多便利 性’且因固態燃料結構強、破損率低，使得本發 =在貯存、輸収操作過程巾之粒❹染物逸散 損失量低微’甚至幾乎可以忽略，其與以煤炭/粉 煤為燃料之鍋爐燃燒作業相較，本發明固態燃料 可避免粉塵逸散之環境污染問題。 6‘本發明提供一種新穎的燃料型式，其熱值可達 7,500〜8,000kcal/kg，經過實際燃燒試驗，其燃燒 心全，爐膛溫度和熱分佈均勻，能夠確保鍋爐達 到額定參數，鍋爐運轉穩定，燃燒狀態良好，因 16 201042026 本發明之固態燃料成本相對低廉，可大幅降低耗 能產業之生產成本及增加產業競爭力。 7.本發明固態燃料次要成分之骨材，可選用固形生 羞燃料骨材’如木屑、稻桿、稻殼、稻草、蔗清 等’利用本發明之固化技術，將對此等固形生質 燃料包含在固態燃料之中，減少此等廢棄物隨意 棄置造成可利用能源之浪費；又因本發明固態燃Figure 5 Preferred embodiment of the present invention (D) Table 2 Solid fuel τ---- ^ Sodium dissolution test detection value (mg / L) Hazardous business waste certification standard test method standard (mg / L ) — Compliant with the toxicity of the waste of labor — Procedure — — — NIEA R201.13C Extracted liquid in the total Kun----- 0.014 >5.0 in accordance with NIEAR318.11C --> Nightingale, Debbie - CdP 0.291 ~~-- >100.0 NIEAR306.13C ND >1.0 "Finding NIEA R306.13C - Total Chromium ND > 5.0 in the soil side meets NIEAR306 13C ———反^1^_中六络络一中Total copper ND Μ > 2-·-5 and NIEAR309.12C total mercury 丨 nd ^ IJ | > 0.2 ! ~ ii compliant with NIEA R306.13C NIEAR314 12C ! -.... total error i - one total selenium 1 ^.358 丨 ND ! > 5.0 ' 身 丨 NIEAR 306.13C | > 1.0 ^ ί NIEA R300.10C : 14 201042026 Although the present invention has been disclosed above by way of a preferred example, it is not intended to limit the invention. Anyone skilled in the art can change and protect the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope defined in the scope of application for patent application shall prevail. The high calorific value solid fuel containing the sludge of the present invention provides a novel fuel form, which has many energy saving, environmental protection and economic benefits, and is described as follows: 〇丨. The solid fuel of the present invention is mainly composed of sludge, and most of the sludge is originally regarded as The waste is sent to the landfill for treatment. According to the invention, the sludge is regarded as the main component of the fuel composition, and the sludge heat energy is fully recovered and reused, thereby alleviating the domestic demand for energy imports. 2. The main component of the solid fuel of the present invention is: by mud, the majority of the mud is originally regarded as waste and sent to the landfill for treatment. By the invention, the sludge is regarded as the main component of the fuel composition, and the sludge can be reduced. The number of landfills, extending the service life of the landfill, contributes a lot to the area that is also narrow and thick, while avoiding the concern that sludge waste entering the landfill may contaminate the soil and groundwater. 3. The main component of the solid fuel of the invention is sludge, the sludge originally has a foul smell, and since the malodorous component of the sludge is fixed in the solid fuel by the curing agent, the odor component cannot be emitted, so the solid fuel of the invention has no obvious odor, and It can be stored for 12 months at room temperature without causing foul odor. It can avoid the complaints of employees and the general public in the factory during storage, rotation and operation, or the problem of odor. 4.= The main component of the crucible is sludge. Due to the variety and source of sludge, some sources of sludge may test the test results (such as heavy metal concentration, etc.) _ two = ==:, and it is recognized as a hazardous business waste; The cost of subcontracting treatment or the difficulty of increasing the utilization of sludge, the curing technology used in the present invention, the harmful substances contained in the sludge (such as heavy metals, etc.) can be stably fixed in the solid fuel by the curing agent, and the test results of the toxic dissolution test Both are far below the criteria for the identification of hazardous industrial wastes. Therefore, the solid-state materials of the present invention can be seen as a general waste disposal, which greatly increases the feasibility of recycling such hazardous sludge wastes. 5. The fuel of the invention is very easy to store and transport, and convenient for the producer, the transporter and the user. The solid fuel structure is strong and the breakage rate is low, so that the hair is stored and transported. The amount of particulate smear loss in the operation process towel is low or even negligible. Compared with the coal/powder fuel-fired boiler combustion operation, the solid fuel of the present invention can avoid the environmental pollution problem of dust escaping. 6' The present invention provides a novel fuel type having a calorific value of 7,500 to 8,000 kcal/kg. After an actual combustion test, the combustion heart is complete, the furnace temperature and heat distribution are uniform, and the boiler can be rated to a rated parameter, and the boiler is stably operated. The combustion state is good, because 16 201042026 The solid fuel of the invention is relatively low in cost, and can greatly reduce the production cost of the energy-consuming industry and increase the industrial competitiveness. 7. The aggregate of the secondary component of the solid fuel of the present invention may be selected from solid-shaped shy fuel aggregates such as wood chips, rice straw, rice husk, straw, cane, etc. using the curing technology of the present invention, The fuel is contained in the solid fuel to reduce the waste of available energy caused by the random disposal of such waste;
料熱值高，可促進内含骨材之燃燒效率，充分釋 放其熱值能量，減少此等固形生質燃料在其一般 燃燒過程中，由於燃燒不完全所帶來的浪費，帶 來更高的經濟效益。 综上所述，本發明揭露一種以油泥為主成分之 新穎固態燃料及其製造方法，將原本不方便利用之 油泥廢棄物，轉製成形狀穩定且質地均勻之高熱值 固U、料彳直接做為機械床式的鍋爐、流體化床 鋼爐、發電鋪、汽電共生鋼爐等焚化/燃燒設備之 主要f料。不僅延長掩埋，使用壽命，同時使油泥 熱值得到充分的利用，達到油泥廢棄物資源化之目 的，充分展現本發明具有新㈣及進步性；又本發 明具體實施後，將可減緩國内對進口能源之需求， SHI環境之潛在污染’且可大幅降低產業生產 „加產業競爭力，㈣貴局能早日准予專 利’造福國内相關產業。 17 201042026 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一含油泥之高熱值固態燃料製造流程 圖二本發明之較佳實施例（A) 圖三本發明之較佳實施例（B) 圖四本發明之較佳實施例（C) 圖五本發明之較佳實施例（D) 【主要元件符號說明】 18The high calorific value can promote the combustion efficiency of the embedded aggregates, fully release the calorific value energy, and reduce the waste caused by the incomplete combustion during the general combustion process of these solid biomass fuels. Economic benefits. In summary, the present invention discloses a novel solid fuel mainly composed of sludge and a manufacturing method thereof, and converts the sludge waste which is not convenient to be used into a high-heat value solid material with a stable shape and uniform texture. It is the main material for incineration/combustion equipment such as mechanical bed type boilers, fluidized bed steel furnaces, power generation shops, and steam and electricity symbiotic steel furnaces. It not only prolongs the burial and service life, but also makes full use of the calorific value of the sludge, and achieves the purpose of resource utilization of sludge waste, fully demonstrating that the invention has new (four) and progressive; and after the implementation of the invention, it will slow down the domestic The demand for imported energy, the potential pollution of the SHI environment' can significantly reduce the industrial production „ add industry competitiveness, (4) your office can grant patents as soon as possible to benefit domestic related industries. 17 201042026 [Simplified illustration] Figure 1 contains the sludge High calorific value solid fuel manufacturing flow chart 2 preferred embodiment of the invention (A) Fig. 3 preferred embodiment (B) of the invention Fig. 4 preferred embodiment (C) of the invention Fig. 5 preferred embodiment of the invention Example (D) [Explanation of main component symbols] 18