201034561 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用於採收藻類及/或植物的方法》 【先前技術】 一般公認該栽培之藻類或水植物（aqueous plants)具有 廣泛的應用領域。藻類的確係即將來臨之食物或飼料來 源，也漸成爲生物能源之一主要來源。 因此對於有效率且經濟地成長藻類或植物之可接受方 0 法有日益增高之需求，世界專利W0 98/18344描述一此種 方法而且包括提供一沈到蓄水池之大型網狀物型式之基層 (substratum)。該網狀物係人工地接種藻類且該蓄水池裝滿 水與營養素以成長藻類，其水平面恰好使該基層沈到水裡 但仍能充分獲得藻類成長必需之日光，一旦該基層充分長 滿藻類，即可進行採收。 然而此方法之一缺點係其需要廣大的土地面積成長藻 類，此不僅增加成長藻類之資本投入成本，也導致控制該 〇 成長過程之困難，例如營養素補充及溫度控制。 該方法之又一缺點爲該採收成爲大量生產之瓶頸，其 原因在於藻類形成生物膜於基層上，而這很難移除，並且 須於網子上方驅動特殊設備來採收藻類。 本發明之目的在於克服上述諸缺點且提供一有效率且 經濟可靠之藻類及/或植物之採收方法。 【發明内容】 本發明係關於一種用於一開放及連續系統中採收藻類 201034561 或植物的方法，其中該等藻類及/或植物係成長於一沈到水 裡之基層，其特徵爲在該等藻類或植物成長時移動該基層。 . 根據本發明，成長或栽培主要由微生物 (micro-organisms)組成之生物量（biomass)。爲本發明，須知 該微生物全係生物，單細胞與多細胞生物兩者，其中最大 尺寸小於 2mm。然而，天然的微生物群落（microbial communities)典型地存在許多尺寸明顯超過2mm標準的生 物，例如絲狀藻類、線蟲。因此且爲了本發明，吾人明確 0 指出，據瞭解，該術語「微生物群落」包括所有天然存在 於此等群落或環繞此等群落之較大的生物，此包括但不限 於例如絲狀藻類、線蟲、甲殼動物、昆蟲等。 根據本發明該成長之生物量包括一般之微生物群落及 某些特別的微生物群體（groups)。一「群體」之測定可以基 於分類的（taxonomical)、生態學的或任何其他的功能性分類 法。 本發明的一個可能較佳生物量範例爲一由附著之微生 〇 物群落組成之生物量且矽藻門植物（Bacillariophyta)或「矽 藻類（diatoms)」藻類群體擁有壓倒優勢。 更須知，對於本發明，該術語「生物量」也包括水植 物，較佳地爲大型水藻。 本發明係關於一種於一開放及連續系統中採收藻類或 植物的方法，使該等藻類及/或植物成長於一沈到水裡之基 層，其特徵爲在該等藻類或植物成長時移動該基層。 較佳地，該基層係從一入口點移動至一出口點。 根據本發明之一較佳方法，該等藻類或植物在從入口 -4- 201034561 點移動至出口點時沈浸在水裡。 根據一高度較佳具體實施例，該基層在該入口點接種 . 及/或在該出口點採收該生物量。 較佳地，該基層係沈入一水流裡，該水流相對於該基 層逆流（counter current) ° 根據本發明之方法，尤佳者係該基層界定一傾斜定位 之主要表面，且較佳地相對於該水流垂直。 根據本發明之一較佳配置，該方法包含在一水流內製 〇 造波浪。 根據本發明之另一較佳配置，該方法包含諸如傾斜該 基層於光源作用中。 根據本發明之另一具體實施例，亦係關於一種用於採 收藻類或植物的設備，該設備包括（i)至少一條水道；（ii)用 以在其內產生水流之手段；（iii)至少一個基層，定位在該 水道中，以在其上成長該等藻類或植物（iv)採收手段，用 以從該基層移除該等藻類或植物，其特徵爲該設備進一步 〇 包括（V)於該等藻類或植物成長期間移動該基層之手段。 該設備較佳地進一步包括在該水道中定位諸如該基層 之手段。 根據本發明，在該藻類成長時，該基層從一入口點（入 口）移動至一出口點，導致一依次地連續之成長與採收過 程，相對於傳統方法容許增加每平方米之收穫量。本發明 之方法其結果不僅有助控制成長過程而且容許減少大量的 資本投資。 根據本發明之方法之另一個主要優點在於，在固定的 201034561 位置執行採收，以致無需複雜移動採收機械。 根據本發明之一具體實施例，較佳地該等藻類或植物 . 於沈浸在水中時採收。藉著沈浸在水中時採收該等藻類或 植物，減少該等藻類或植物的分解，而且防止由於重力跌 落入水中，因此阻止了生物量的損失。此外，該生物量一 旦離開該水中可能會脫水及/或腐爛（在細胞層級）或例如 氧化（在分子層級）。根據本發明，減少了該生物量脫水與 退化，結果得到前後一致及高品質之生物量。 〇 根據一較佳之具體實施例，該基層係沈入一水流裡， 該水流相對於該基層爲逆流（counter current)。 根據本發明，意外地發現該逆流系統容許在該成長末 端提供高營養素層級予最高密度的生物量，然而添加最低 營養素層級予該初期移植階段的低密度生物量。不期望受 任何理論約束，相信此配置本質上防止營養素的限制影響 該微生物在任何發展階段成長該生物量。此外，該逆流系 統容許防止高營養素層級在該水流末端，因此限制該廢水 © 淨化之需要。 提供一逆流具有一些，特別是，關於營養素補充與自 動接種（inoculation)之重要優點。 關於自動接種，須知該搬動基層之配置可以當作是一 基層列車，此列車在連續移動中。伴隨逆流系統，包含懸 浮生物量之物種雨（species rain)將會出現在該水流中，當 該物種雨移向下游（或向上至該基層列車），其漸增地遭遇 移植更少之基層，其增加該新的物種能定居成功之機率而 移植這些基層。 201034561 但另一個根據本發明該方法之較佳配置包括在該水流 中產生複數個波浪。 根據本發明，已經發現波浪活動導致獲得較佳之入射 光線，結果，該整個配置使更多光能源能夠進入該水層以 及因此被吸收進入微生物生物量中。此外該波浪效應導致 一交替的（閃動的）光源效應，其在該生物量的該成長具 有有益的效應。該光源效應導致一選定組成（selected composition)之更高級生物量。 〇 在本發明的極佳方法中，該方法包括定位，像是傾斜 該基層於諸如太陽之光源作用中。 在一天期間及/或隨著季節變換，太陽相對於該等基層 之位置改變，該等基層之傾斜位置可同步及/或在原處改變 將很有利。諸如可調傾斜之此種基底定位優化該入射陽光 與該生物量成長間之關連性，如果陽光太多（例如晴朗的 夏日），即可進行該傾斜改變以增加遮蔭，轉而，幫助保護 該生物量免於曝光過度導致光抑製作用；而如果陽光太少 Ο (例如多雲的冬日）可以改變該傾斜，以獲得最大之垂直 入射陽光。此外，該可調傾斜可以進一步決定諸如促進該 一給定之物種組成生物量之成長及產出最大化。該等基層 之傾斜度數也可取決於一給定之物種，如一可能偏好棲息 地更多遮蔭之特殊群落。 在一個本發明極佳的具體實施例中，一方法結合產生 波浪及傾斜定位諸基層兩者，從而極大化生物量成長。特 別地，該傾斜可以同時最佳地適合該陽光之入射角及在該 水面上該等波浪之該等斜面。 201034561 本發明也涉及在一開放及連續系統中採收藻類或植物 的設備，該設備包括（i)~條水道；（ii)用以在其內產生水流 之手段；（iii)至少一個基層，定位在該水道中，以在其上 成長該等藻類或植物（iv)採收手段，用以從該基層移除該 等藻類或植物，其特徵爲該系統進一步包括（v)於該等藻類 或植物成長期間從該水道之一入口點移動該基層至一出口 點之諸手段。 【實施方式】 © 第1圖示意顯示藉根據本發明之方法成長及採收藻類 之設備1»該設備1包括至少一個而在本例中兩個系列之 水道2，每一個系列包括若干個以複數個脊3間隔開之平 行、毗連之水道2。 該等水道在此具體實施例爲直線形，全部包括入口點 4及出口點5,使在一個系列內之該等不同水道之該等入口 點全部與裝載通道6相互配合，而一個系列之該等不同水 道之該等出口點5與進一步確認之運輸通道7相互配合。 〇 該設備較佳地包括兩個系列之水道，使第二個系列之 該等水道位於第一個系列之該等水道之延長部分。在此配 置中，較佳地，該兩系列具有共有的、居中的運輸通道， 而該等裝載通道位於該等水道的該等相對側。 沿著該等不同水道之該等脊3設有運輸工具8，其可 能包括未繪於該等圖中之複數個齒輪軌條、或傳動鍊條。 在該等脊上設有若干個托架9，其包括複數個與上述 該等齒輪軌條相互配合的齒輪，而在裝載通道6內設有裝 載裝置，用以在該等齒輪軌條上裝載複數個托架》 201034561 如第2圖中描繪之該運輸通道7分隔成兩個被脊l〇隔 離之子通道7A-7B，每一個子通道與一個系列之複數個水 道2相互配合。可選擇地’該運輸通道覆蓋該等托架之緩 衝位置11，該緩衝位置11緊鄰每一個水道2之該出口點 5;同樣地，在該等裝載通道6內之每一個水道入口點之緊 鄰處可設置一緩衝位置12。 也可設置一重裝通道6，（第6圖），用以容許該等托 架9之再循環及/或容許水從該等水道之出口點至其等之 〇 多數入口點之再循環。此再循環通道連接該運輸通道7及 該等裝載通道6兩者，當用於再循環水’較佳地在該再循 環通道或在該等水道之該等入口點設置該複數個營養素補 充點。 在該脊10上設置一運輸裝置13,容許運輸該等托架9 至中央採收單元14,此採收單元14較佳地包括採收手段， 容許從該等生長過度的基層移除該生物量。此採收手段可 以包括例如刮刀。就此而言，茲強調，在該採收下，應瞭 〇 解，從該等水道的該出口點施予在該基層上的每一個行動 及過程須達到有效地從該等基層移除該生物量。 在圖示之具體實施列（第2圖）中，該運輸裝置14具 有兩支臂狀物，延伸到各自的子通道7A-7B，每一支臂狀 物配有一旋轉盤，該旋轉盤帶有數個鉤形延伸物，以容許 從該緩衝位置抬起托架及將其等放置於收集器機架15,該 機架15可以沿該運輸通道移動至該採收單元14，如同於 第3至5圖之描繪》 至少在一個水道2內，以一可拆解的方式安裝至托架 201034561 9，設置用以成長藻類之基層16。在操作模式下，該水道2 注入水至使得定位在該處之該基層16或該等基層完全被 沈浸在水中。 較佳地’該基層16係形式例如爲網子之人造基層，其 形成一主要附著面，使該主要附著面相對於該移動方向或 該水道之縱向爲垂直或以某一角度（斜的）定向。 顯然在該等不同的水道2中較佳地帶有多數基層之數 個托架一個接一個地定位，移動帶有多數人造基層之若干 0 托架之此配置可視爲如同一托架9列車。 關於該人造基層，理想地，該等人造基層16在一給定 容積呈碎形或類似碎形之形狀而具有最大之附著面，而不 至變得異於天然之基層，以致該等微生物群落不再附著其 等上。 該基層16定位在該水道2中，當移動通過該水道2 中，水溢流其上，橫過且穿過該基層，該基層容許該系統 呈一橫向配置。傳統所用基層之關鍵問題在於，當生物量 〇 在該基層上孳生時，該系統阻塞而該流動停止，甚至達到 該水的通路完全阻塞。由於基層之碎形本質容許該生物量 在該等基層的複數個部分孳生而仍有較大的開口容許該流 動持續向該基層之緊鄰部位，因此，該流動得以維持。一 個實施範例爲一托架托住一系列構成基層之網子，此等網 子穿孔成碎形的模型（例如史平斯基圈[Sierpinski Gasket])，此模型分隔一三角形成四個均等的三角形，該 中央的三角形係敞開的，然而該三個外部的三角形則再次 穿孔成自我相似的碎形模型，理論上此可以極微小地重 -10- 201034561 複。該生物量將開始定居在該等最小的穿孔地帶而漸漸阻 塞，其後該較大的穿孔地帶將阻塞，但總是有一中央通道 容許該水持續流動。在該表面上的一給定點將被阻塞至某 種程度而在該網上因該流動將有一拖曳，此拖曳可以一裝 置測量且可以作爲理想採收時刻的指示器，然後以萃取器 (extractor)採掘該等托架基層。此內部碎形模型配置容許 橫向定位帶有該等基層之複數個托架，三角形以外之碎形 模型同樣可以選擇例如方形、六角形等。如於本技藝中周 〇 知，該等碎形模型與形式可以顯示在一表面（例如科赫曲 線[Koch Curve])外側（外部）。另一個配置可爲該碎形 模型不是分佈在一個單一的網子上（或在一個平面上）而 是持續跨越若干個連續的網子，此基本上爲一「3維類碎 形」（3Dfractaloid)或容積，然而該上述關於一個網子之 模型則視爲「2維類碎形」或平面。從該等第7與8圖之 非限定式範例，該等基層的詳細碎形本質及橫向定位迫使 該水流穿過且橫過。 © 就該等水道與通道中的水而言，該設備較隹地設有用 以相對於該等拖架與基層通過該等水道中之移動，產生水 流逆流之手段。 根據本發明採收之方法如下： 爲了成長生物量，於水道2之入口點4的緩衝位置12 設置裝載多數基層16之多數拖架9，該等拖架9從該緩衝 位置12移動至該水道2且進一步地藉助該等運輸工具8降 至此水道。 一般而言，基本上本發明要求該等人造基層16裝在該 -11- 201034561 水道2中之多數移動拖架9。此等拖架9沿著水道2漸漸 地從一入口點4移動至一出口點5，該水道中的水較佳地 爲一活水其較佳地從該出口點5流至該入口點4(逆流）° 該等拖架9及人造基層16從該入口點4開始運轉’當 重新在拖架9上插入人造基層時沒有或只有非常有限的藻 類附著，當其等沿該水道2移動該等人造基層16時’漸漸 地變成移植微生物且孳生微生物生物量。在拖架9上之該 等人造基層16保持在此水道2內的整個期間內，該生物量 ❹ 孳生。 典型地該孳生的生物量在某一段時間後變得飽和，此 處「飽和」定義爲其開始因爲該生物量被水流撕裂（下垂） 而損失生物量。 當志在以最佳生產率而非可達成最大密度成長生物量 時，達飽和之期間必然係該等拖架留駐在該水道2內的期 間，這是此移動配置之目標。 該所需留駐期間（留駐時間）及該等水道長度決定該 €) 等拖架移動通過該水道之速度，在此期間終了時，當其等 抵達該水道2之該出口點5，該等人造基層16因此最佳地 長滿生物量群落’在此點其等從水道2卸下至該緩衝位置。 該等基層16放置入此緩衝位置，該等基層16及對應 的生物量沒有從該水搬開，該緩衝位置係一水相環境。從 水中搬開該等基層原則上係可能，但此會導致部分或全部 的該等生物群落因爲重力而破損’結果該生物量將部分或 全部在該水流中被破壞。該等基層移入緩衝位置，惟未舉 離該水更有益於單位面積單位時間該生物量的最後產出。 -12- 201034561 從該緩衝位置，運輸該等基層通過運輸通道7至該採 收單元14，在該處該生物量從該等基層16移除且進一步 予以後處理。如上述，較佳地至少直至採收，該生物量持 續沈浸在水中。因此，顯然地，該運輸通道7及該等對應 之緩衝位置11中之該水位應有足夠的高度以沈浸該等長 滿之基層16。 儘管可以利用個別通道或管線提供該營養素豐富的 水，該運輸通道7除了運輸該等基層，較佳地具有入口之 〇 功能，用以流入營養素豐富的水，該水相對於該等移動中 之基層，於逆流中被導經該等水道。 該運輸通道內之該緩衝位置較佳地構成在該處可以放 置若干此等人造基層，當其在每一個發育水道2(grow-out waterway〗）的起點時，該緩衝位置被連續地提供新的營養 素豐富的水（流入），在此點該營養素豐富的水含有最高 濃度的營養素，此容許該生物量在原地駐留一段期間不會 遭受任何水流減少或營養素限制之不利影響。此段期間使 Ο 該運輸裝置可來回移動於該橫向通道而沒有衝突。 藉助於該運輸裝置13沿該運輸通道運輸該等人造基 層，以維持其等在最佳生長條件下（即沈浸在營養素豐富 的水流中）的方式採集該生物量。此配置容許生物量之最 大產能與最小損失。藉著該緩衝位置11，該運輸裝置13 始能在某一時段來回移動於該橫向通道，此一時段容許一 轉向系統（例如電腦、可程式控制器）決定該最佳採集順 序，原則上此可藉由觀察決定並手動進行，但自動化容許 更佳及經濟地使用該可用資源（人力、時間、能源...）。 -13- 201034561 採集後該運輸裝置13沿著該運輸通道7移動至中央採 收及處理單元14，該等基層運送至該處而該運輸裝置13 可以返回採集新的長滿之基層。 移除該生物量後，該等基層16及拖架9可以再裝入該 等水道以維持該拖架列車運轉，此列車以一設定之速度連 續運動。在此移動拖架配置中顯然其等帶有人造基層之新 拖架必須連續不斷地在每一個發育水道的起點插入，爲了 該拖架移動列車的完整及在終點提供孳生之微生物生物量 〇 的連續供應這是至關重要的。在重載這一點上有改變該等 拖架間之間距的額外可能性，即該拖架移動列車的拖架進 一步分開或更靠近，該間距可能爲了若干理由而改變：改 變水質、季節性、期望的生物量、...。 該等發育水道的重載可以若干方式執行，該等新拖架 可以手動或以機械或裝置自動插入，其等可以從一陸基位 置（land-based position)或水底位置插入。 理想地該重載憑藉一整合配置執行，經由此完成多種 〇 功能。一個可能的配置係整合排水通道與該等新拖架之裝 載通道6，此通道6收集該耗盡營養素的水或從每一個發 育水道的流出水。該通道6帶領該流出水至某中央位置以 進一步處理、使用、回收利用或排放，沿此通道該前文提 及之裝載裝置來回移動插入複數個新拖架至每一個發育水 道2中，該裝載裝置從完成其等準備之某中央位置收集該 等新拖架且帶領其等至每一個發育水道。 可能地可考慮一中間的裝載緩衝區，作爲該等拖架移 動至該實際的移動拖架列車中之中間等待位置，此可考慮 -14- 201034561 作爲該重載通道（reloading channel)的第3個功能，替代 地此裝載緩衝區12可以整合至每一個發育水道內。 一替代具體實施例可以包括—陸基裝置（1&11(1_1)^以 device)’其定位該等拖架在「乾燥的」裝載緩衝區，其後 從此乾燥的裝載緩衝區以該自動緩衝構造釋放且定位在該 水環境中進入移動拖架列車，該流出的水可以留存在一獨 立通道作進一步處理或處置。 「濕的」裝載緩衝區的優點在於增加移植效率，該緩 〇 衝區典型地將容納若干帶有人造基層之拖架，其等將典型 地緊密定位；此實質上比其等在該發育水道的間隔緊密。 就其本身而論此等間隔緊密的拖架將充當一過濾器，其將 從流出水「捕捉」生物量的小顆粒。「等待」在該裝載緩 衝區之此等拖架將更容易移植微生物物種。 自動裝載裝載緩衝區12進一步的優點爲該裝載裝置 可以裝載具有不同式樣人造基層之複數個拖架9，此容許 在該發育水道內設計某種順序之該等人造基層" Ο 此容許對該發育水道內之該水流作更大的控制，水流 例如利用特殊順序之複數個人造基層（類碎形），容許該 成長中之生物量更良好之捕捉動能以及增進該成長中之生 物量所需營養素之補充與吸收。 逆流 在該水道2中之該水流方向較佳地爲逆流，在本案例 中該逆流藉由利用該運輸通道7達成’其引導該新的營養 素豐富之水（流入水）至該各種發育水道2以補充該營# 素供給予該成長中之生物量’該逆流系統提供高營養素予 -15- 201034561 該發育水道末端之該最高密度生物量，而在最初移植階段 補充該最低標準營養素予該最低密度生物量。 此配置實質上防止營養素之限制影響該微生物生物量 在任一發展階段之生長。 在該逆流配置中，該等人造拖架可以憑藉從該等水道 中之該等基層釋放之微小生物量顆粒衍生之連續的物種雨 而接種。此自動接種特別有利於結合一開放系統，「開放」 意味該系統且特別地該等基層係開放於環境，以致一衍生 〇 自該區域之物種群（speci es pool )之外部物種雨能接種該 等基層。此自然接種係如複雜調適系統（ComplexAdaptive System)之機制，該微生物群落能夠選擇新物種以形成該適 宜的微生物群落之一部份。以此方式，該群落持續地調適 改變中之環境且創造一開放連續系統，其處「開放」意味 對該區域之物種雨開放而「連續」意味持續調適之群落。 如上述，此外該逆流系統並且導致該地區性衍生之物 種雨以一有利的方式修正。在從該外部物種雨之物種被在 © 該流入水入口處之生物量捕獲之同時，不可避免地，某一 數量之微生物將持續地由孳長在該拖架列車內之該等基層 的生物量釋放。結果，隨著更多生物懸浮在該流動中，該 繁殖體（或移植單位）的數量更多。在該水道末端孳長之 微生物生物量已經最佳適應環境且因此從此群落衍生之物 種可能更好地適合移植在下游環境中。 此實際上更改物種雨，使該物種雨包含業已挑選成更 適合移植的物種。此物種雨中成功移植生物之該機率因此 顯著地更高。當繁殖體的數量更多，此配置並不排除藉由 -16- 201034561 從地區性物種群加入新物種以改變條件調適該群落。以已 經調適群落之物種持續接種稱爲自動接種。能夠自動接種 之機制容許更穩定且可預測之孳長生物量組成及因此最終 生物量產量。其也容許新插入之多數人造拖架更有效率的 移植。 運用所謂之複雜調適系統（CAS)方法且轉化該CAS原 則成爲建造實際可行之開放及持續之系統，從而創造一模 擬自然環境（棲息地）以成長微生物。該自然微生物群落 Q 容許動態地適應一改變中之模擬環境，使得該群落組成自 主地改變且相應地群落本身適應該改變中之模擬環境條 件。此自主調適及局部相互作用導致該群落之自動機體化 (self-organization)，結果，創造一最佳棲息地，在此自 然與多樣的微生物群落能自主化反應及調適導致一最佳微 生物產量。與該等單一培養技術之典型產量形成對比，利 用該自然與多樣的群落容許一更穩定之棲息地，轉而導致 改善微生物產量及據此增加單位面積產出。 Q 其進一步指出，該流入水的流動可被改造或甚至使成 爲在該水道位置之可變函數，的確，提供一可變的流入水 流（不論在速度或營養素程度）可能增加對該生物量之該 成長條件之控制。 例如，在水道2之該出口點5可以選擇低該流動速度， 以限制下垂，反之在接近該入口點4該所需水速可以較高 以容許製造所謂之物種雨。 波浪誘導 除了營養素分配及自動接種之優點外，該逆流配置也 -17- 201034561 具有其能導致波浪產生之優點，當然，其他的製造複數個 波浪的諸手段也可以提供予該等水道2。 該水面之該波浪活動可能係該逆流配置之直接結果， 該等帶有多數人造基層之拖架定位在該水面下相對地淺， 該逆流遭遇該等人造基層及被迫通過該等類碎形圖案穿 孔，然而該水流之部分動能將撞擊該人造基層之上緣且推 動部分的水越過該基層。 由於該系統之該配置本質上只發生於該水面下，因 〇 此，將導致當水流過/跳過該基層時製造一波浪，此將在每 次該水流遭遇一基層之上緣重複地發生。此結果係該波浪 活動沿著該發育水道全長之設想模式。此更有利在於該所 得之該波浪活動更佳地導致獲得入射陽光，結果該整個配 置能有更多光能進入水層且隨後被吸收進微生物生物量 內。吾人利用該水流之該動能及該等基層之精確定位以更 有效率地轉換太陽能爲生物量》 除了該波浪效應導致閃光效應外其具有有利該生物量 〇 成長之影響，該閃光效應導致選定組成之更高級的生物量。 顯然爲了製造波浪活動，該等拖架列車內後續拖架間 的距離重要，但該波浪活動也取決於其他參數諸如水流速 度、該等基層在水面下的深度、基層之設計、該水道之設 計、…，因此，可知在不悖離本發明之範疇下’某些以此等 參數之一或數個直截了當作實驗將導致波浪製造。 異於可能導因自逆流之額外波浪誘導可藉由已知的數 個傳統技藝諸如抽水手段提供。 定位基層 -18- 201034561 進一步，且如第ίο圖圖式所描繪，較佳地該設備設置 容許諸如傾斜的定位該等基層於一光源作用中之手段。 如在一天期間及/或隨著季節之變換，太陽相對於該等 人造基層之位置改變，如該等人造基層之傾斜可以在原處 改變其將係有利的，此可調適傾斜幫助最佳化該入射陽光 或其他光源相對於該生物量成長間之該關係。 如果有太多陽光（例如晴朗的夏日），該改變該傾斜 使得增加遮蔭，幫助保護該生物量免於可能導致光抑製作 〇 用之曝光過度，如果陽光太少（例如多雲的冬日），可以 改變該傾斜使得達到獲得最大之垂直入射陽光。 該等人造基層之傾斜經由某連接至光學測量裝置之回 饋系統，可在一天期間可以手動或自動地改變。 此外，該適宜的傾斜可以進一步決定諸如極大化促進 該一特定組成生物量之成長，例如一特殊群落可能偏好更 多遮蔭之棲息地。 此可調適傾斜另一方面係該傾斜可以同時最佳地適合 Ο 該陽光之入射角及在該水面上該等波浪之該等斜面。 其指出該波浪活動及該等基層之傾斜兩者不僅有利於 在移動中之複數個基層上成長藻類或植物之方法，但是， 爲了如上述之某些理由，對在固定之複數個基層上成長藻 類也具有積極影響。 本發明絕不限於所說明的該具體實施例及方法，根據 本發明，在不悖離本發明之範疇下，該採收藻類或植物可 以按照無數的變化達成。 【圖式簡單說明】 -19- 201034561 根據本發明用以成長藻類或植物之連續開放系統及方 法之下述較佳具體實施例，參考該等所附圖式據此予以詳 細描述，其中： 第1圖描繪根據本發明之藻類採收設備； 第2圖以一較大尺描繪相應於第1圖中線Π-Π之局部 剖面圖； 第3至5圖描繪相應於第1圖中線m-IE、IV-IV及V-V 之類似剖面圖；201034561 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method for harvesting algae and/or plants. [Prior Art] It is generally recognized that the cultivated algae or aqueous plants have a wide range of Application area. Algae are indeed the source of food or feed that is coming, and are becoming a major source of bioenergy. There is therefore an increasing demand for an efficient and economical growth of algae or plants. World Patent WO 98/18344 describes such a method and includes providing a base layer of a large mesh type that sinks into a reservoir. (substratum). The mesh is artificially inoculated with algae and the reservoir is filled with water and nutrients to grow algae, the horizontal plane just sinks the base layer into the water but still fully obtains the sunlight necessary for algae growth, once the base layer is fully filled Algae can be harvested. However, one of the disadvantages of this method is that it requires a large area of land to grow algae, which not only increases the capital input cost of growing algae, but also leads to difficulties in controlling the growth process of the alfalfa, such as nutrient supplementation and temperature control. A further disadvantage of this method is that the harvesting becomes a bottleneck in mass production because the algae form a biofilm on the substrate which is difficult to remove and special equipment must be driven over the net to harvest the algae. It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above disadvantages and to provide an efficient and economical method of harvesting algae and/or plants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method for harvesting algae 201034561 or a plant in an open and continuous system, wherein the algae and/or plant line grows in a base layer that sinks into the water and is characterized by The base layer is moved when the algae or plant grows. According to the present invention, biomass or biomass mainly composed of microorganisms (micro-organisms) is grown or cultivated. For the purposes of the present invention, it is to be understood that the microorganism is a whole organism, both single-celled and multi-cellular, with a maximum size of less than 2 mm. However, natural microbial communities typically have many organisms that are significantly larger than the 2 mm standard, such as filamentous algae, nematodes. Thus, and for the purposes of the present invention, it is clear to us that the term "microbial community" is understood to include all of the larger organisms naturally present in or surrounding such communities, including but not limited to, for example, filamentous algae, nematodes , crustaceans, insects, etc. The growing biomass according to the present invention includes a general microbial community and certain specific microbial populations. A "population" can be determined based on taxonomical, ecological or any other functional classification. One possible preferred biomass example of the present invention is a biomass consisting of attached microbial communities and the Bacillariophyta or "diatoms" algae population has an overwhelming advantage. It is to be understood that for the purposes of the present invention, the term "biomass" also includes water plants, preferably large algae. The present invention relates to a method for harvesting algae or plants in an open and continuous system, such that the algae and/or plants are grown in a submerged base layer, characterized by movement of the algae or plants as they grow The base layer. Preferably, the substrate moves from an entry point to an exit point. According to a preferred method of the invention, the algae or plants are immersed in water as they move from the inlet -4- 201034561 point to the exit point. According to a highly preferred embodiment, the substrate is inoculated at the entry point and/or the biomass is harvested at the exit point. Preferably, the base layer is submerged in a water stream, the water stream is counter current with respect to the base layer. According to the method of the present invention, it is preferred that the base layer defines a major surface of the oblique positioning, and preferably is relatively The water flow is vertical. According to a preferred configuration of the invention, the method comprises making a wave in a stream of water. According to another preferred configuration of the invention, the method includes, for example, tilting the base layer into the action of the light source. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is also a device for harvesting algae or plants, the apparatus comprising (i) at least one water channel; (ii) means for generating a water flow therein; (iii) At least one substrate positioned in the waterway to grow the algae or plant (iv) harvesting means thereon for removing the algae or plant from the substrate, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises (V a means of moving the substrate during the growth of the algae or plant. The apparatus preferably further includes means for positioning the substrate, such as the base layer, in the waterway. According to the present invention, as the algae grows, the substrate moves from an entry point (inlet) to an exit point, resulting in a sequential continuous growth and harvesting process that allows for an increase in yield per square meter relative to conventional methods. The results of the method of the present invention not only help control the growth process but also allow for a substantial capital investment reduction. Another major advantage of the method according to the invention is that the harvesting is performed at a fixed 201034561 position so that no complicated moving harvesting machines are required. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the algae or plants are preferably harvested when immersed in water. These algae or plants are harvested by immersing in water to reduce the decomposition of such algae or plants, and to prevent the loss of biomass due to gravity falling into the water. In addition, the biomass may dehydrate and/or rot (at the cell level) or, for example, oxidize (at the molecular level) once it leaves the water. According to the present invention, dehydration and degradation of the biomass are reduced, resulting in consistent and high quality biomass. According to a preferred embodiment, the substrate is sunk into a stream of water that is counter current with respect to the substrate. In accordance with the present invention, it has been unexpectedly discovered that the countercurrent system allows for the provision of a high nutrient level to the highest density biomass at the end of the growth, while adding a minimum nutrient level to the low density biomass of the initial transplant stage. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that this configuration essentially prevents the limitation of nutrients from affecting the growth of the biomass at any stage of development. In addition, the countercurrent system allows the prevention of high nutrient levels at the end of the stream, thus limiting the need for the wastewater © purification. Providing a countercurrent has some important advantages, particularly with regard to nutrient supplementation and inoculation. Regarding automatic inoculation, it is to be understood that the configuration of the moving base layer can be regarded as a base train which is continuously moving. With the countercurrent system, species rain containing suspended biomass will appear in the water stream, and as the species rains downstream (or up to the base train), it gradually encounters less grassroots transplants, It increases the chances of the new species being able to settle and transplants these grassroots. 201034561 yet another preferred configuration of the method according to the invention comprises generating a plurality of waves in the stream. In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that wave activity results in better incident light, and as a result, the overall configuration enables more light energy to enter the water layer and thus be absorbed into the microbial biomass. Moreover, this wave effect results in an alternating (flashing) light source effect that has a beneficial effect on this growth of the biomass. This light source effect results in a higher biomass of a selected composition. 〇 In an excellent method of the invention, the method includes positioning, such as tilting the substrate into a source such as the sun. It may be advantageous to change the position of the sun relative to the base layer during the day and/or as the season changes, and the tilt positions of the base layers may be synchronized and/or changed in situ. Such substrate positioning, such as adjustable tilt, optimizes the correlation between the incident sunlight and the growth of the biomass, and if there is too much sunlight (eg, a clear summer day), the tilt change can be made to increase the shade, and instead, help Protecting this biomass from overexposure results in photoinhibition; and if there is too little sunlight (such as cloudy winter days), the tilt can be varied to achieve maximum normal incidence sunlight. In addition, the adjustable tilt can further determine, for example, the growth and yield maximization of the biomass of the given species composition. The slope of the base layers may also depend on a given species, such as a particular community that may prefer more shade of habitat. In an excellent embodiment of the invention, a method combines both wave generation and tilt positioning of the substrate to maximize biomass growth. In particular, the tilt can be optimally adapted to the angle of incidence of the sunlight and the slopes of the waves on the surface. 201034561 The invention also relates to an apparatus for harvesting algae or plants in an open and continuous system comprising (i) a water channel; (ii) means for generating a water flow therein; (iii) at least one base layer, Positioning in the waterway to grow the algae or plant (iv) harvesting means for removing the algae or plants from the substrate, characterized in that the system further comprises (v) the algae Or means for moving the substrate to an exit point from an entry point of the waterway during plant growth. [Embodiment] © Fig. 1 schematically shows an apparatus for growing and harvesting algae according to the method of the present invention. 1» The apparatus 1 includes at least one water channel 2 of two series in this example, each series including several Parallel, adjoining waterways 2 separated by a plurality of ridges 3. The waterways are linear in this embodiment, all comprising an entry point 4 and an exit point 5 such that all of the entry points of the different waterways within a series interact with the loading channel 6, and a series of These exit points 5, such as different waterways, cooperate with the further confirmed transport lanes 7. 〇 The apparatus preferably includes two series of waterways such that the waterways of the second series are located in the extension of the waterways of the first series. In this configuration, preferably, the two series have a common, centered transport path, and the load channels are located on the opposite sides of the waterways. The ridges 3 along the different waterways are provided with means of transport 8, which may include a plurality of gear rails, or drive chains, not depicted in the figures. A plurality of brackets 9 are provided on the ridges, and include a plurality of gears that cooperate with the gear rails, and loading devices are provided in the loading passages 6 for loading on the gear rails. A plurality of brackets 201034561 The transport lane 7 as depicted in Figure 2 is divided into two sub-channels 7A-7B separated by ridges, each of which cooperates with a plurality of channels 2 of a series. Optionally, the transport passage covers a buffering position 11 of the brackets, the buffering position 11 being immediately adjacent to the exit point 5 of each waterway 2; likewise, immediately adjacent to each waterway entry point in the loading lanes 6 A buffer position 12 can be set. A refill channel 6 (Fig. 6) may also be provided to allow recirculation of the cradle 9 and/or to allow recirculation of water from the exit point of the waterways to most of the entry points thereof. . The recirculation passage connects the transport passage 7 and the load passages 6 when the plurality of nutrient replenishment points are set for the recirculating water, preferably at the recirculation passage or at the entry points of the waterways . A transport device 13 is provided on the ridge 10 to permit transport of the brackets 9 to the central harvesting unit 14, which preferably includes harvesting means for permitting removal of the organism from the overgrown substrate the amount. This means of harvesting may include, for example, a doctor blade. In this regard, it is emphasized that under the harvest, it should be understood that each action and process applied to the substrate from the exit point of the waterways must be effective to remove the organism from the base layers. the amount. In the illustrated embodiment (Fig. 2), the transport unit 14 has two arms extending to respective sub-channels 7A-7B, each arm being provided with a rotating disc, the rotating disc There are a plurality of hook extensions to allow the carrier to be lifted from the buffer position and placed in the collector frame 15, along which the frame 15 can be moved to the harvesting unit 14, as in the third The depiction of Figure 5 is mounted to the cradle 201034561 9 in a detachable manner in at least one water channel 2, and is provided with a base layer 16 for growing algae. In the mode of operation, the water channel 2 injects water such that the substrate 16 or the substrate layer positioned there is completely immersed in water. Preferably, the base layer 16 is in the form of an artificial base layer of a net, which forms a primary attachment surface such that the primary attachment surface is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement or the longitudinal direction of the channel or at an angle (oblique) . It will be apparent that the plurality of brackets, preferably with a plurality of base layers, are positioned one after another in the different waterways 2, and this configuration of moving a number of 0 brackets with a majority of the artificial base layer can be considered as the same carriage 9 train. With respect to the artificial base layer, desirably, the artificial base layers 16 have a maximum shape of a fracture in a fractal or fractal shape in a given volume, and do not become different from the natural base layer, so that the microbial communities No longer attached to it. The base layer 16 is positioned in the water channel 2, and as it moves through the water channel 2, water overflows over it, across and through the substrate, which allows the system to be in a lateral configuration. A key problem with the conventional base layer is that when biomass 孳 is produced on the substrate, the system blocks and the flow stops, even reaching the passage of the water. This flow is maintained because the fractal nature of the base layer allows the biomass to agglomerate in a plurality of portions of the base layer while still having a larger opening that allows the flow to continue to the immediate vicinity of the substrate. One embodiment is a bracket for holding a series of nets constituting a base layer, which are perforated into a broken shape (for example, Sierpinski Gasket), which divides a triangle to form four equals. The triangle, the central triangle is open, but the three outer triangles are once again perforated into a self-similar fractal model, which in theory can be very smallly weighted by -10- 201034561. The biomass will begin to settle in the smallest perforated zone and gradually block, after which the larger perforated zone will block, but there will always be a central passage allowing the water to continue to flow. A given point on the surface will be blocked to some extent and there will be a drag on the web due to the flow, which can be measured by a device and can be used as an indicator of the ideal harvesting time, then with an extractor (extractor) ) mining the base layers of the brackets. This internal fractal model configuration allows for the lateral positioning of a plurality of brackets with such base layers, as well as fractal models other than triangles, such as squares, hexagons, and the like. As is known in the art, these fractal models and forms can be displayed on the outside (external) of a surface (e.g., Koch Curve). Another configuration may be that the fractal model is not distributed over a single net (or on a plane) but continuously spans several consecutive nets, which is basically a "3D fractal" (3Dfractaloid) Or volume, however, the above model for a net is considered to be "2-dimensional fractal" or flat. From the non-limiting examples of Figures 7 and 8, the detailed fractal nature and lateral positioning of the base layers force the water flow through and across. © For the water in such waterways and passages, the equipment is provided with a means for countercurrent flow of water through the passages relative to the carriages and the basement. The method of harvesting according to the invention is as follows: In order to grow the biomass, a plurality of trailers 9 carrying a plurality of base layers 16 are provided at a buffering position 12 of the entry point 4 of the water channel 2, and the trailers 9 are moved from the buffering position 12 to the waterway 2 and further down to the waterway by means of the transport means 8. In general, it is essential that the present invention requires the artificial base layer 16 to be mounted on a plurality of moving trailers 9 of the -11-201034561 waterway 2. The trailers 9 are gradually moved from an entry point 4 to an exit point 5 along the waterway 2, the water in the waterway preferably being a living water which preferably flows from the exit point 5 to the entry point 4 ( Countercurrent) ° The trailers 9 and the artificial base layer 16 are operated from the entry point 4 'When re-inserting the artificial base layer on the trailer 9 there is no or only very limited algae attachment, when it is moved along the water channel 2 The artificial base layer 16 gradually becomes a transplanting microorganism and produces microbial biomass. The biomass 孳 is generated during the entire period in which the artificial base layer 16 on the trailer 9 is held within the water channel 2. Typically, the axillary biomass becomes saturated after a certain period of time, where "saturation" is defined as the beginning of loss of biomass because the biomass is torn (sagging) by the water stream. When the aim is to grow biomass at optimal productivity rather than at maximum density, the period of saturation is necessarily the period during which the trailers remain in the channel 2, which is the target of this mobile configuration. The required period of residence (retention time) and the length of the waterways determine the speed at which the trailer moves through the waterway, and at the end of the period, when they arrive at the exit point 5 of the waterway 2, the artificial The base layer 16 thus optimally overfills the biomass community 'at this point it is removed from the water channel 2 to the buffering position. The base layers 16 are placed in the buffer position, and the base layers 16 and corresponding biomass are not removed from the water. The buffer locations are in an aqueous environment. It is in principle possible to remove the substrates from the water, but this would result in some or all of the biomes being broken by gravity' as a result of which the biomass will be partially or completely destroyed in the stream. The base layer is moved into the buffer position, but the removal of the water is more beneficial to the final output of the biomass per unit area per unit time. -12- 201034561 From this buffer position, the substrates are transported through the transport lane 7 to the recovery unit 14 where the biomass is removed from the base layers 16 and further post-treated. As mentioned above, preferably at least until harvesting, the biomass is continuously immersed in water. Thus, it will be apparent that the water level in the transport channel 7 and the corresponding buffer locations 11 should be of sufficient height to immerse the overlying base layers 16. Although the nutrient-rich water can be provided by individual channels or lines, the transport channel 7 preferably has an inlet function for transporting nutrient-rich water in addition to transporting the substrate, the water being relative to the mobile The base layer is guided through the waterways in a countercurrent. The cushioning position within the transport passage preferably constitutes a plurality of such artificial base layers at which the cushioning position is continuously provided as new at the beginning of each of the growth-out waterways 2 The nutrient-rich water (inflow), at which point the nutrient-rich water contains the highest concentration of nutrients, which allows the biomass to be unaffected by any reduction in water flow or nutrient limitation during the period of in situ residence. During this period, the transport device can be moved back and forth to the transverse passage without conflict. The man-made substrates are transported along the transport path by means of the transport device 13 to maintain the biomass in a manner that maintains it under optimal growth conditions (i.e., immersed in a nutrient-rich water stream). This configuration allows for maximum capacity and minimum loss of biomass. By means of the buffer position 11, the transport device 13 can be moved back and forth in the transverse channel for a certain period of time, which allows a steering system (such as a computer, a programmable controller) to determine the optimal acquisition sequence, in principle It can be determined by observation and done manually, but automation allows for better and economical use of the available resources (manpower, time, energy...). -13- 201034561 After the acquisition, the transport device 13 is moved along the transport lane 7 to the central take-up and processing unit 14, where the base layer is transported and the transport device 13 can be returned to collect a new overgrown base. After the biomass is removed, the base layer 16 and the trailer 9 can be reloaded into the waterways to maintain the trailer train operation, and the train continues to move at a set speed. It is apparent in this mobile trailer configuration that new trailers with artificial base layers must be continuously inserted at the beginning of each development channel for the trailer to move the train intact and provide microbial biomass at the end point. This is crucial for continuous supply. There is an additional possibility of changing the distance between the trailers at the point of heavy loading, ie the trailer of the trailer moving train is further separated or closer, the spacing may vary for several reasons: changing water quality, seasonality, Expected biomass,... Heavy loads of such developmental waterways can be performed in a number of ways, such new trailers can be manually or manually inserted by mechanical or device, and the like can be inserted from a land-based position or underwater position. Ideally, the overload is performed by means of an integrated configuration, through which various 〇 functions are accomplished. One possible configuration is to integrate the drain channel with the loading lanes 6 of the new trailers, which collect the nutrient-depleted water or the effluent water from each of the breeding waterways. The passage 6 leads the effluent water to a central location for further processing, use, recycling or discharge, along which the loading device referred to above is moved back and forth to insert a plurality of new trailers into each of the development waterways 2, the loading The device collects the new trailers from a central location where they are prepared and leads them to each of the development waterways. It is possible to consider an intermediate loading buffer as the intermediate waiting position of the actual moving trailer train as the trailer, which may consider -14-201034561 as the third of the reloading channel Alternatively, this loading buffer 12 can be integrated into each of the development waterways. An alternative embodiment may include a land-based device (1&11(1_1)^device) that positions the trailers in a "dry" load buffer, and thereafter automatically buffers the dry load buffer therefrom The construct is released and positioned in the water environment into the mobile trailer train, which may remain in an independent passage for further processing or disposal. The advantage of a "wet" loading buffer is to increase the efficiency of the transplant, which will typically accommodate a number of trailers with artificial base layers, which will typically be closely positioned; this is substantially equal to the developmental waterway The interval is tight. As such, these closely spaced trailers will act as a filter that will "capture" small particles of biomass from the effluent water. These trailers that are "waiting" in the loading buffer will be more susceptible to transplanting microbial species. The automatic loading of the loading buffer 12 further has the advantage that the loading device can carry a plurality of trailers 9 having different styles of artificial base layers, which allows the design of such artificial base layers in the development water channel " This flow of water in the developmental waterway is more controlled, such as the use of a multiplicity of individual base layers (fractures) in a special sequence, allowing the growing biomass to better capture the kinetic energy and the growth of the growing biomass. Supplementation and absorption of nutrients. The direction of the water flow countercurrently in the water channel 2 is preferably countercurrent, in the present case by the use of the transport channel 7 to achieve 'the guidance of the new nutrient-rich water (influent water) to the various developmental waterways 2 To supplement the battalion to provide the growing biomass. The countercurrent system provides high nutrient to the highest density biomass at the end of the developmental channel, and the minimum standard nutrient is added to the minimum during the initial transplantation phase. Density biomass. This configuration substantially prevents the restriction of nutrients from affecting the growth of the microbial biomass at any stage of development. In this countercurrent configuration, the artificial trailers can be inoculated with continuous species rain derived from tiny biomass particles released from the base layers in the waterways. This automatic vaccination is particularly advantageous for incorporating an open system, meaning "open" means that the system and in particular the base layer is open to the environment such that an external species of rain derived from the species population of the area can inoculate the The base layer. This natural vaccination is a mechanism such as the ComplexAdaptive System, which is capable of selecting new species to form part of the appropriate microbial community. In this way, the community continually adapts to the changing environment and creates an open continuous system, where “open” means that the species rains in the area are open and “continuous” means a continuously adapted community. As mentioned above, in addition to the countercurrent system and resulting in the regionally derived species rain being modified in an advantageous manner. While the species of rain from the external species are captured by the biomass at the inlet of the influent water, it is inevitable that a certain number of microorganisms will continue to be sustained by the grassroots organisms in the trailer train. The amount is released. As a result, as more organisms are suspended in the flow, the number of propagules (or transplant units) is greater. The microbial biomass that grows at the end of the channel has been optimally adapted to the environment and therefore species derived from this community may be better suited for transplantation in downstream environments. This actually changes the species rain, making the species rain contain species that have been selected to be more suitable for transplantation. The probability of successful transplantation of organisms in this species in the rain is therefore significantly higher. When the number of propagules is greater, this configuration does not preclude the adaptation of the community by adding new species from regional species populations by -16-201034561. Continuous vaccination with species that have been adapted to the community is referred to as automatic vaccination. The mechanism of automatic vaccination allows a more stable and predictable composition of the biomass and thus the final biomass production. It also allows for the more efficient migration of most of the newly inserted artificial trailers. The use of the so-called Complex Coordination System (CAS) method and the transformation of the CAS principle has become a practical and open and continuous system to create a simulated natural environment (habitat) for growing microorganisms. The natural microbial community Q allows for dynamic adaptation to a changing simulated environment such that the community composition changes autonomously and accordingly the community itself adapts to the simulated environmental conditions in the change. This autonomous adaptation and local interactions lead to the auto-organization of the community, resulting in an optimal habitat where natural and diverse microbial communities can automate the response and adapt to an optimal microbial yield. In contrast to the typical yields of these single culture techniques, the use of this natural and diverse community allows for a more stable habitat, which in turn leads to improved microbial production and increased unit area yield. Q further states that the flow of influent water can be modified or even become a variable function at the location of the waterway, indeed, providing a variable influent water flow (whether at the speed or nutrient level) may increase the biomass Control of the growth conditions. For example, the exit point 5 of the water channel 2 may choose to lower the flow rate to limit sagging, whereas the desired water speed may be higher near the entry point 4 to permit the manufacture of so-called species rain. Wave Induction In addition to the advantages of nutrient partitioning and automatic inoculation, the countercurrent configuration also has the advantage of causing wave generation. Of course, other means of making a plurality of waves can also be provided to the waterways 2. The wave activity of the water surface may be a direct result of the countercurrent configuration, the trailers with the majority of the artificial base layer being positioned relatively shallow under the surface of the water, the countercurrent encountering the artificial base layers and being forced through the fractals The pattern is perforated, however a portion of the kinetic energy of the water stream will strike the upper edge of the artificial substrate and push the portion of the water across the substrate. Since this configuration of the system essentially only occurs below the surface of the water, this will result in a wave being created as the water flows over/skips the substrate, which will occur repeatedly each time the stream encounters a top layer of the substrate. . This result is a model of the wave activity along the full length of the development channel. This is further advantageous in that the resulting wave activity results in better access to incident sunlight, with the result that the entire configuration provides more light energy into the water layer and subsequent absorption into the microbial biomass. We use the kinetic energy of the water flow and the precise positioning of the base layers to more efficiently convert solar energy into biomass. In addition to the wave effect causing the flash effect, it has the effect of favoring the growth of the biomass, which causes the selected composition. More advanced biomass. Obviously, in order to create wave activity, the distance between subsequent trailers in such trailer trains is important, but the wave activity also depends on other parameters such as water flow velocity, the depth of the base layer below the water surface, the design of the base layer, and the design of the water channel. Thus, it will be appreciated that some of the parameters or ones that are straightforward will result in wave fabrication without departing from the scope of the invention. The extra wave induction that may be different from the possible self-reverse flow can be provided by several known conventional techniques such as pumping. Locating the base layer -18- 201034561 Further, and as depicted in the drawings, it is preferred that the apparatus be provided with means for permitting the positioning of the base layers in a source such as tilting. If the position of the sun changes relative to the artificial base layer during a day and/or as the season changes, it may be advantageous if the tilt of the artificial base layer can be changed in situ, and the adjustable tilt helps optimize the The relationship between incident sunlight or other source of light relative to the growth of the biomass. If there is too much sunlight (such as a clear summer day), change the tilt to increase shade, help protect the biomass from overexposure that may cause light suppression, if the sun is too small (eg cloudy winter) The tilt can be changed to achieve maximum vertical incidence of sunlight. The tilt of the artificial base layers can be manually or automatically changed during the day via a feedback system coupled to the optical measuring device. In addition, the appropriate tilt can further determine, for example, maximization to promote the growth of the biomass of a particular composition, such as a particular community that may prefer more shaded habitats. This adjustable tilting aspect, on the other hand, allows the tilt to be optimally adapted to the angle of incidence of the sunlight and the slopes of the waves on the surface of the water. It is pointed out that the wave activity and the inclination of the base layers not only facilitate the method of growing algae or plants on a plurality of base layers in motion, but, for some reasons as described above, growing on a plurality of fixed base layers Algae also has a positive impact. The present invention is in no way limited to the specific embodiments and methods described, and in accordance with the present invention, the harvested algae or plant can be achieved in a myriad of variations without departing from the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS -19- 201034561 The following preferred embodiments of a continuous open system and method for growing algae or plants according to the present invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein: 1 is a view showing an algae harvesting apparatus according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view corresponding to a line Π-Π in FIG. 1 with a larger scale; and FIGS. 3 to 5 depicting a line m corresponding to the first figure. - similar profiles of IE, IV-IV and VV;
第6圖描繪第1圖之一替代之具體實施例； 第7及8圖爲圖式地描繪根據本發明之方法可用以採 收藻類之基層之範例； 第9圖圖式埤描繪在一水道內移動中之基層； 第10圖圖式地描繪傾斜基層之原則。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 設備 2 水道 3，10 脊 4 入口點 5 出口點 6 裝載通道 6， 重裝通道 7 運輸通道 7A、7B 子通道 8 運輸工具 拖架 Ο -20- 201034561 11，12 緩衝位置 13 運輸裝置 14 採收單元 15 收集器機架 16 基層Figure 6 depicts a specific embodiment of an alternative to Figure 1; Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams depicting an example of a substrate that can be used to harvest algae in accordance with the method of the present invention; Figure 9 is a depiction of a waterway The base layer in the inner movement; Fig. 10 schematically depicts the principle of the inclined base layer. [Main component symbol description] 1 Equipment 2 Water channel 3, 10 Ridge 4 Entry point 5 Exit point 6 Loading channel 6, Reloading channel 7 Transport channel 7A, 7B Sub-channel 8 Transport trailer Ο -20- 201034561 11,12 Buffer Position 13 transport unit 14 recovery unit 15 collector frame 16 base
-21 --twenty one -