201025208 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種偵測土石流之技術領域者，尤指—種 可即時偵測土石流的發生並提前通知下游警戒之土石流偵測 器、偵測系統及偵測方法。 【先前技術】 土石流（又稱泥石流）’係指大量的鬆散土、石與水的混 5體’在重力作用下沿著自然坡面、溝渠或河道由高處往低處 流動的自然現象。土石流大多發生在山區，土石流運動特性介 於流體與固體之間。土石流中的土、石種類多樣，從黏土至卵 石甚至巨石皆有。由上游水流沖刷土、石所形成之土石流，在 完全發展下，土石流的流量大約是上游水流流量的5〜1〇倍。 土石流具有發生突然、流動快速、衝擊力強及破壞性大等 特性。土石流爆發突然，很難預知其發生之準確時間。土石流 歷時較短，-次土石流過程一般從幾分鐘至幾小時。土石流沿 陡坡運錢每秒可達幾公尺甚至軒公尺。土^流常於溪 谷出口處淡度緩、寬度大之地點)形成扇狀堆積地。土石流對 其活動區（包括發生區、流動區、堆積區）内的各種設施、人民 生命財產及生態環境造成直接破壞和翁。_，大量土砂進 入或堵塞河流’還會給河流上、下雜區縣危害及難以 估計的損失。 201025208 . 纟灣地區由於地形_、地質破碎、豪雨集中、地狹人稍， •， 平地開發趨於飽和，隨著社會經濟快速發展，以前未使用之山 ' 坡地都已陸續開發使用。山坡地大量開發，破壞了原有 • · 之水土保持’因此土石流之災害不斷發生。因此如何即時偵測 出上游發生土石流贿前通知下游居民提前警戒紐離，以降 低生命財產的損失，便是目前急需研究的課題。 Φ 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係在於提供—種可即時偵測土石流的 發生並提祕知下游警戒之土石流個^貞測纽及偵測方 法。 本發明所述之土石流偵測ϋ包括-液控單元、一警報器、 -控制模組及-電源供應單元。其中，該液控單元設於一河流 的=位警戒線上’當該河流的水位達到該水位警戒線時該液 參 控早70係會發出一警戒訊號。該聲控單元設於該河流中，可供 ^集該河射的水_音並將其轉換成音賴號輸出。該警報 益可供發出各種警示信號。該控麵組包括一儲存單元及一處 理單元。該儲存單元儲存有該河流中水流及土石流之聲音的音 頻訊號以及叹疋有土石流之音頻訊號的警戒範園。該處理單 元可接收來自該液控單元的警戒訊號及來自該聲控 頻訊號，並判斷該聲控單元所輸出的音頻訊號是否超出該土石 流音頻訊_警戒_。該處料元在接收縣銳號或满 201025208 • 超出該土石流音頻訊號的警戒範圍時，係可控制該警報器發出 - 相對應的警示信號。該電源供應單元係提供該土石流偵測器之 各種元件所需的電源。 . 本發明所述之土石流偵測系統係包括上述的土石流偵測 器及-監控裝置。該土石流偵測器更包括一輸出單元，該輸出 單元包括-通⑽’該通訊^過電信魏將—警示信號傳 出。當該控制模組在接收到警戒訊號或判斷該聲控單元所輸出 β ㈤音頻訊號超出警戒範圍時，係會控制該軌器透過電信系統 將警示信號傳出。該監控裝置包括—通訊器，該通訊器可透過 電k系統接收該輸出單元所發出的警示信號。 本發明所述之土石流偵測方法包括：儲存-河流中之 水流聲音及土石流聲音的音頻訊號，並設定土石流聲音之音頻 峨的警戒範圍；伽描河麵水位；㈣該河財的水流聲 音，並將其轉換成音頻訊號；判斷該收集之音頻訊號是否超出 ❹ 該土石流音頻訊號的警戒範圍；當達到警戒水位時係發出相對 應的一警示訊號，以及當判斷該收集之音頻訊號超出該土石流 音頻訊號的警戒範圍時發出相對應的一警示訊號。 【實施方式】 月多閱第®所示’係指出本發明所述之土石賴測器1 包括-液控單元10、—聲控單元20、—雜㈣、控制模组 40及一電源供應單元5〇。其中： 201025208 • 敲控單％ 1G係設於—河流的水轉戒線上。該液控單 • & 1G包括—液縣知電路，當餘控單元H)未朗水中時 ·_ 纖控感知電路係呈斷路狀態，當該液控單元10泡在水中時 纖誠知電路係呈導驗態。因此，當該河流的水位達到 财位警鱗時，驗控單元1G便可藉由絲控感知電路發 出一警戒訊號。 該聲控單元20係設於該河流中，且包括一聲控感知電 ❹ 路’鱗域知電路具有—電容式麥克風可供触該河流中 的水流聲音，且該聲控感知電路並可將該聲音轉換成音頻訊 號輸出。 該警報器30係可供發出各種警示信號，如警示聲、語音 及燈光之其中任一種或複數種。 該控制模組40包括一儲存單元41及一處理單元42。該 儲存單元41儲存有該河流中水流及土石流之聲音的音頻訊 5虎’以及δ又疋有土石流之音頻訊號的警戒範圍。該處理單元 42係可接收來自該液控早元1〇的警戒訊號及來自該聲控單 元20的音頻訊號’並判斷該聲控單元20所輸出的音頻訊號 是否超出該土石流音頻訊號的警戒範圍。該處理單元42在接 收到該警戒訊號或判斷該聲控單元20輸出的音頻訊號超出該 土石流音頻訊號的警戒範圍時，係自動控制該警報器3〇發出 相對應的警示信號。 該電源供應單元50係提供該土石流偵測器1之各種元件 201025208 . 所需的電源。在本例子中該電源供應單元50係可將AC11〇v •- 轉換成DC12V直流電壓，然後再將其透過兩次壓降成以 - 供該土石流偵測器1之各種元件使用，其更可將該DC12V直 ’ 流電壓儲存在12v的可充式蓄電池中，以供其可便於屋外或 _ 車上使用。 请參閱第二圖所示係為該液控感知電路的電路圖。當a、 B兩點未浸泡在水中而形成斷路時，此時Ν〇τ閘丨丨腳為耵， ❹ 10、9腳為⑽，8腳為HI ♦，反之’當A、B兩點浸泡在水中 而形成導通時，此時閘u腳為L〇w，1〇、9腳為犯，8 腳為LOW。 叫參閱第二圖所示’係指出本發明所述之土石流摘測系 統係包括上述的土石流偵測器丨及一監控裝置2。其中·· 該土石流俄測器1更包括有一該輸出單元6〇，該輸出單 元包括至少一通訊器61，該通訊器61可為電話或手機，該電 ❹ 域手财透過—输纽3將-警雜賴出，該警示信 號可為語音_訊。魏理單元42在接_警雜號或判斷 該聲控單元20輪出的音頻訊號超出該土石流音頻訊號的警戒 範圍時’除自動控制該警報器3G發出相對應的警示信號外， 更是會控制該輪出單元6〇的通訊器61自動發出相對 示信號。 θ "該監控裝置2包括至少一通訊器70，該通訊器70可為電 §或手機可為電話或手射透過該電信系統3接收該 201025208 輪出單元60之通訊號61所發出的警示信號。 …在本發日种該監控裝置2可設在鄉、村、里辦事處或救 災單位、警查單位、醫療單位等。該通訊器70為手機時可分 別為某些特定人員持有，如救災人M等。該輸出單⑽的通 訊器61係預先會設置有複數個撥打號碼，且設定其撥打出去 後的兩種狀況為： 1、 對方接了電話’且按了特定鍵（例如#鍵）結束該通 話’則結束撥號並繼續偵測。 2、 對方未㈣話’射在默㈣_未接電話時（例 如45秒内），則系統會自動掛斷電話，並繼續撥打第二個號 碼’如此依序及重覆撥打朗有人接電話並按了特定鍵（例 如#鍵）結束該通話，才結束撥號並繼續偵測。 請參閱第四圖所不係為本發明之土石流偵測系統之另一 實施例的系統方塊圖。其中係指出該監控裝置2更包括一廣 播器80 ’該廣播器80係與該通訊器7〇連接，可供播放該通 訊器70所接收的警示語音。 請參閱第五圖所示係指出本發明之土石流偵測方法包 括： 預先儲存一河流中之水流聲音及土石流聲音的音頻訊 號’並設定土石流聲音之音頻訊號的警戒範圍； 收集河流中的水流聲音，並將其轉換成音頻訊號； 判斷該收集之音頻訊號是否超出該土石流音頻訊號的罄 201025208 • 戒範圍；及 §满該收集之音賴號超ίϋ該土石流音鮮號的警戒 • ㈣時’則發出_警示訊號，該警示訊號係可透過電信系統 -發給特定的人。 $參㈣六係指出該土石流細方法，更包括偵 測該/可流的水位’當達到警戒水位時係發出一警示訊號，該 警示訊號係可透過電信系統發給特定的人。 馨 綜上所述，由於本發明具有上述優點及實用價值，而且在 同類產品中均未見有相同或類似之產品或發表，故本發明已符 合發明專利之新穎性及進步性要件，爰依法提出申請。 201025208 . 【圖式簡單說明】 ·· 第一圖為本發明之土石流偵測器的系統方塊圖。 - 第二圖為本發明之液控感知電路的電路圖。 第三圖為本發明之土石流偵測系統的系統方塊圖。 第四圖為本發明之土石流偵測系統之另一實施例的系統方塊 圖。 第五圖為本發明之土石流偵測方法的流程圖。 φ 第六圖為本發明之土石流偵測方法之另一實施例的流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 土石流偵測器1 聲控單元20 控制模組40 處理單元42 ❹ 輸出單元60 監控裝置2 電信系統3 液控單元10 警報器30 儲存單元41 電源供應單元50 通訊器61 通訊器70 廣播器80201025208 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a technical field for detecting earth-rock flow, in particular to a soil-flow detector that can detect the occurrence of earth-rock flow and notify the downstream warning in advance. Measurement system and detection method. [Prior Art] Earth-rock flow (also known as debris flow) refers to the natural phenomenon that a large amount of loose soil, stone and water mixed under the action of gravity along a natural slope, a ditch or a river course from a high to a low. Most of the earth-rock flow occurs in mountainous areas, and the movement characteristics of the earth-rock flow are between the fluid and the solid. The soil and stone in the earth and rock flow are diverse, ranging from clay to pebbles and even boulders. The upstream flow of water erodes the earth and stone flow formed by the soil and the stone. Under the complete development, the flow rate of the earth and rock flow is about 5 to 1 times of the upstream flow. The earth-rock flow has the characteristics of sudden occurrence, rapid flow, strong impact and great destructiveness. The outflow of earth and stone is sudden, and it is difficult to predict the exact time of its occurrence. The earth and stone flow lasts for a short time, and the process of the earth and stone flow generally ranges from a few minutes to a few hours. Earth and stone flows along the steep slope can reach a few meters or even a square meter per second. The soil flow often forms a fan-like accumulation site at a location where the outlet of the valley is lightly gentle and has a large width. Earth and rock flows directly damage various facilities, people's lives, property and ecological environment in their active areas (including occurrence areas, flow areas, and accumulation areas). _, a large amount of soil sand enters or blocks the river', and it will also cause damage to the upper and lower counties of the river and the unpredictable losses. 201025208 . Due to terrain _, geological fragmentation, heavy rain, and narrow ground, the development of the flats tends to be saturated. With the rapid development of the social economy, the previously unused hills have been developed and used. A large number of hillsides have been developed, which has destroyed the original soil and water conservation. Therefore, how to immediately detect the upstream residents to notify the downstream residents to warn the residents in advance to reduce the loss of life and property, is the subject of urgent research. Φ [Summary of the Invention] The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the occurrence of earth and rock flow and to know the earth and stone flow of the downstream warning. The earth flow detection device of the present invention comprises a liquid control unit, an alarm device, a control module and a power supply unit. The liquid control unit is located on the warning line of a river. When the water level of the river reaches the warning level of the water level, the liquid control unit will issue a warning signal. The voice control unit is arranged in the river, and is configured to collect the water sound of the river and convert it into a sound output. This alarm can be used to issue various warning signals. The control panel includes a storage unit and a processing unit. The storage unit stores audio signals of the sound of water and earth and rock in the river, and a warning park with an audio signal of sloping earth and rock. The processing unit can receive the warning signal from the liquid control unit and the voice signal from the voice control unit, and determine whether the audio signal output by the voice control unit exceeds the earth stream audio signal_alarm_. The receiving unit can control the alarm to send a corresponding warning signal when receiving the county sharp number or full 201025208 • when the warning range of the earth stream audio signal is exceeded. The power supply unit provides the power required for the various components of the earth current detector. The earth-rock flow detecting system of the present invention includes the above-described earth-rock flow detector and monitoring device. The earth-rock flow detector further includes an output unit including - (10) 'the communication ^ telecommunications - the warning signal is transmitted. When the control module receives the warning signal or determines that the β (5) audio signal output by the voice control unit is out of the warning range, the control unit controls the tracker to transmit the warning signal through the telecommunication system. The monitoring device includes a communicator that receives an alert signal from the output unit via the electrical k system. The method for detecting earth and stone flow according to the present invention comprises: storing an audio signal of a sound of a stream in a river and a sound of a stream of earth and stone, and setting a warning range of the sound of the sound of the earth stream; a water level of the river of the gamma; (4) a sound of the stream of the river, And converting the audio signal into an audio signal; determining whether the collected audio signal exceeds the warning range of the earth-rock stream audio signal; when the warning water level is reached, a corresponding warning signal is issued, and when the collected audio signal is determined to exceed the earth-rock flow A corresponding warning signal is issued when the alert range of the audio signal is reached. [Embodiment] The monthly reference to the 'shows' indicates that the earth and stone detector 1 of the present invention includes a liquid control unit 10, a voice control unit 20, a miscellaneous (four), a control module 40, and a power supply unit 5. Hey. Among them: 201025208 • The knockout control unit % 1G is located on the water turn line of the river. The liquid control unit • & 1G includes the liquid-phase circuit, when the control unit H) is not in the water, the fiber-controlled sensing circuit is in an open state, and when the liquid control unit 10 is in the water, the circuit is known. The system is in a test state. Therefore, when the water level of the river reaches the financial level, the inspection unit 1G can send a warning signal through the wire sensing circuit. The voice control unit 20 is disposed in the river and includes a voice-activated sensing circuit. The scale circuit has a capacitive microphone for sensing the sound of the water in the river, and the voice sensing circuit can convert the sound. Into the audio signal output. The alarm 30 is capable of emitting various warning signals such as one or more of warning sounds, voices, and lights. The control module 40 includes a storage unit 41 and a processing unit 42. The storage unit 41 stores the audio signal of the sound of the water flow and the earth and rock flow in the river, and the warning range of the audio signal of the δ and the earth and stone flow. The processing unit 42 can receive the warning signal from the liquid control unit and the audio signal from the voice control unit 20 and determine whether the audio signal output by the voice control unit 20 exceeds the warning range of the earth stream audio signal. The processing unit 42 automatically controls the alarm device 3 to emit a corresponding warning signal when receiving the warning signal or determining that the audio signal output by the voice control unit 20 exceeds the warning range of the earth stream audio signal. The power supply unit 50 provides the various components of the earth flow detector 1 201025208. The required power supply. In the present example, the power supply unit 50 converts the AC11〇v•- into a DC12V DC voltage, and then passes it twice through the voltage drop to provide the various components of the earth current detector 1 for use. The DC12V straight 'flow voltage is stored in a 12v rechargeable battery for easy access to the outside or on the vehicle. Please refer to the circuit diagram of the hydraulic sensing circuit shown in the second figure. When the two points a and B are not immersed in water to form an open circuit, the Ν〇τ brake foot is 耵, ❹ 10, 9 feet are (10), 8 feet are HI ♦, and vice versa When the conduction is made in the water, at this time, the gate u is L〇w, 1〇, 9 feet are guilty, and 8 feet are LOW. Referring to the second figure, it is pointed out that the earth and stone flow picking system of the present invention includes the above-described earth and stone flow detector and a monitoring device 2. The earth and stone flow detector 1 further includes an output unit 6〇, the output unit includes at least one communicator 61, and the communicator 61 can be a telephone or a mobile phone. - The police are worried, the warning signal can be voice_signal. When the audio signal of the voice unit 20 exceeds the warning range of the earth stream audio signal, the Wei Li unit 42 will control the alarm signal 3G in addition to the automatic warning signal. The communicator 61 of the turn-off unit 6A automatically issues a relative indication signal. θ " The monitoring device 2 includes at least one communicator 70, which may be a warning issued by the mobile phone or the mobile phone for receiving the communication number 61 of the 201025208 wheeling unit 60 through the telecommunication system 3 for the telephone or hand. signal. ...the monitoring device 2 can be set up in the township, village, or office, disaster relief unit, police unit, medical unit, etc. on this day. When the communicator 70 is a mobile phone, it can be held for certain specific personnel, such as a disaster relief person M. The communicator 61 of the output order (10) is provided with a plurality of dialing numbers in advance, and the two conditions after setting the dialing are: 1. The other party picks up the phone' and presses a specific key (for example, #键) to end the call. 'End the dialing and continue to detect. 2, the other party does not (four) words 'shooting in the silent (four) _ missed calls (for example, within 45 seconds), the system will automatically hang up the phone, and continue to dial the second number 'so in order and repeated calls to call someone to answer the phone And press a specific key (such as # key) to end the call, then end the dialing and continue to detect. Please refer to the system block diagram of another embodiment of the earth-rock flow detecting system of the present invention, which is not shown in the fourth figure. It is noted that the monitoring device 2 further includes a broadcaster 80'. The broadcaster 80 is connected to the communicator 7A for playing the alert voice received by the communicator 70. Referring to the fifth figure, the method for detecting the earth-rock flow of the present invention includes: pre-storing the audio signal of the sound of the water flow and the sound of the earth-rock flow in the river and setting the warning range of the audio signal of the sound of the earth-rock flow; collecting the sound of the water flow in the river And convert it into an audio signal; determine whether the collected audio signal exceeds the ridge flow audio signal of 罄201025208 • 戒范围; and § full of the collected sound 赖 超 ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ • • • • • • • • • A warning signal is sent, which can be sent to a specific person via the telecommunication system. $ 参(四) 六系 indicates that the method of flow of earth and stone, including detecting the water level of the flowable area, is issued a warning signal when the warning water level is reached. The warning signal can be sent to a specific person through the telecommunication system. In summary, since the present invention has the above advantages and practical value, and no identical or similar products or publications are found in similar products, the present invention has met the novelty and progressive requirements of the invention patents. submit application. 201025208 . [Simple description of the diagram] ·· The first diagram is a system block diagram of the earth-rock flow detector of the present invention. - The second figure is a circuit diagram of the liquid control sensing circuit of the present invention. The third figure is a system block diagram of the earth flow detection system of the present invention. The fourth figure is a system block diagram of another embodiment of the earth-rock flow detecting system of the present invention. The fifth figure is a flow chart of the method for detecting earth and stone flow according to the present invention. φ Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the earth-rock flow detecting method of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] Earth flow detector 1 Voice control unit 20 Control module 40 Processing unit 42 ❹ Output unit 60 Monitoring device 2 Telecommunication system 3 Hydraulic control unit 10 Alarm 30 Storage unit 41 Power supply unit 50 Communicator 61 Communicator 70 broadcaster 80