201020375 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種耙吸式挖泥船的耙頭（1)。該耙頭包含 一擋板（2)，該擋板被拖曳於底部上方且在此鬆開土壤，及 一吸取管線（3) ’該吸取管線是被連接至該擋板（2)且排出該 被鬆開之土壤。本發明亦關於一種使用此耙頭挖掘土壤之 方法。 【先前技術】 根據前言之耙頭是從 EP-A-08921 16而得知。 EP-A-08921 16描述用於一耙吸式挖泥船之耙頭，包含一擋 板’該擋板是被連接至一吸取管線且是朝向底部打開以用 於挖泥。該擋板藉由一拖曳管線被固定至把吸式挖泥船。 一系列的齒被配置在該擋板上。在挖泥期間，具有拖曳管 線及吸取管線之乾頭是低於水面與在把吸式挖泥船後方之 絞盤呈一大致上傾斜的角度’直到該耙頭與底部接觸。在 耙吸式挖泥船行進的期間，該耙頭在水面下被拖良於底部 上方’其中土壤是藉由嚙合於底部上的齒被鬆開。該被鬆 開土壤是透過該吸取管線吸走，例如被吸至顯示於耙吸式 挖泥船上的一儲存空間。在挖泥期間，由於位於水面下零 件相對地咼的重量’且可選地由於由該吸取管線形成的吸 取力量’該耙頭施加壓力於底部上。該有關零件水面下的 重量對應為其在水面上重量減去由該零件所取代的水重 量° 一鋼零件水面下重量因此總計為在水面上重量的約 201020375 7/8(鋼的相對比重大約為8) 合理的功效，極需要更進一步改善 内容中，功效是理解為每單位時間 即使習知耙頭具有 此功效。在本申請案的 所被挖掘土壤之量。 【發明内容】 本發明為此目的提供一 其是能夠以一改盖的功…“式挖泥船的乾頭， 汉善的功效挖掘水底下的土壤。 發明的托頭具有用於此目的之特徵，該耙頭之 _田 〉兩個橫向於該拖突方向的個別地可移動壓力 元件’其中一壓力元件 卞匕3矸多穿透主體，其等在壓力元 件的重量影響下，料力量至底部。料㈣地可移動壓 力凡件橫向於拖$方向進行，確保當底部是不平坦時，該 穿透主體能夠較佳的與底部維持接觸。現存的耙頭包含一 相對地大#的穿透主體。在不平坦底部的條件下，其是極 有可能的僅只—小數量的穿透主體與底部接觸，藉以耙頭 的全部重量是分佈在一小數量的穿透主體上。肖穿透主體 是因此遭受到相對地大的力量，其可輕易的導致該等穿透 主體毀壞及/或是快速的磨損。本發明之耙頭解決此及其他 問題。不只平均更多的穿透主體與（不平坦）底部接觸，每一 壓力元件之穿透主體的數量可更容易地調整而不會改變穿 透主體的全部數量。因為穿透主體上的力量是被較佳的分 佈，其變得可能給予全部耙頭比迄今為止常見之耙頭（該習 知耙頭一般具有20-30公噸的陸上重量）一較大且較重的設 201020375 計（例如100公噸水面上的重量）。一較重且較大的耙頭將顯 著的增加挖泥功效。在本發明粑頭的一具體實施例中，穿 透主體的數量可大於在該習知耙頭中的數量，若需要的 話。一大量的穿透主體導致進入該底部一平均較低的穿透 深度。出人意外地，以此方式預期中較低的功效是完全藉 由施加個別地可移動壓力元件而補償。 在一較佳的具體實施例，根據本發明之把頭的特徵在 於該壓力元件是藉由導引手段被容納在擋板中，此使得該 等壓力元件在一實質上垂直於該底部的方向上是可轉移 的。此種變化具有實質上地每一壓力元件的全部重量皆被 利用到的優點。這是因為在此具體實施例變化中，每一壓 力元件可實質上地在一垂直於在底部的方向上「自由地」 移動（不同於摩擦力及類似）。 另一較佳的具體實施例是關於一具有圓盤形穿透主體 的耙頭’該等穿透主體在容納其之壓力元件的重量影響 下’透過其周圍邊緣傳送力量至底部。因為該等圓盤形穿 透主體較佳地以其圓盤平面實質上地垂直於該等壓力元件 的下方表面配置’且更部分地從此下方表面突出，其等的 周圍邊緣與底部表面接觸。該耙吸式挖泥船相關水面下壓 力元件的重量是因此被分佈於穿透主體與底部表面間的接 觸表面。藉此局部地發展一可有效地壓碎底部之高壓，且 特別的是相對地堅硬的底部β 根據本發明的耙頭之有利的特徵在於該等穿透主體在 —行延伸且實質上地橫向於該挖泥方向。藉由特別地定位 201020375 該等圓盤形穿透主 體下的底部被壓碎 被壓碎。 體在一行，可驚人的發現不只在穿透主 ，而且位於該等穿透主體之間的底部也 可在寬廣的限制内選擇每一壓力元件圓盤形穿透主體 的數量|壓力元件圓盤形穿透主體的數量較佳地在2 與20之間’更佳地在2與1〇之間，且最佳地在3與$之 -Μ。在該橫向方向上介於兩接續穿透主體一尤其地合適的 巾距離在5與50公分之間，較佳地在8與35公分之間， ® 最佳地在1〇肖20公分之間。根據本發明耙頭内壓力元 件的數量亦可在一寬廣的限制内變化。一大量的壓力元件 具有以極佳的精確度順從該底部輪廓之優點，雖然藉由該 等穿透主體傳送至該底部的平均力量被減少。一小量的壓 力元件導致一較簡單的結構。當壓力元件的數量介於2與 2〇之間，較佳地在2與8之間，且最佳地在3與5之間， 可獲得一好的折衷方案。 該耙頭在水面下被拖矣於底部上方，其中根據本發明 ® 其主要地藉由該等穿透主體與該底部接觸，特別的是該等 圓盤形穿透主體。因此該耙頭有利的特徵在於該等圓盤形 穿透主體被容納在壓力元件内用於繞著其等之軸線旋轉·該 軸線垂直於圓盤平面-其中旋轉轴線實質上地與拖曳方向呈 直角。藉此達成需要相當少的能量來移動處於平常速度的 耙吸式挖泥船。 根據本發明的耙頭進一步優點在於該底部可被壓碎成 相當小的土壤顆粒，藉此以一好效率來吸取該等土壤顆 7 201020375 粒。應了解的是此意指在被吸取的水中相關顆粒的集中度 是相對地高。 爲了保護該等圓盤形穿透主體，該耙頭的該等壓力元 件較佳地具備有一系列的齒於實質上橫向於該拖曳方向之 方向上延伸且在使用期間與該等圓盤形穿透主體的上游的 底部嚙合。在該等穿透主體到達此土壤部分前，該齒割破 一預定的土壤部分。該齒亦可推平底部，藉此該圓盤形穿 透主體可更有效率的執行工作。齒與圓盤形穿透主體的結 合同樣地提供一增進的功效。 當該等壓力元件亦具有支撐手段在使用期間與該等圓 盤形穿透主體的上游底部嚙合，及可選地與齒的上游底部 嚙合，可獲得另一改良的耙頭。在底部極度不平坦的情形 下’這些支撐手段確保該等壓力元件，且甚至可能地是整 個擋板，被迫使順從底部的輪廓。此避免耙頭的人為干擾 且/或是對把頭的破壞’且特別的是該等圓盤形穿透主體。 在一尤其地合適的具體實施例，該支撐手段包含較佳地設 置在橫向方向上的一些滑動塊（slide block)。該等滑動塊被 構形使得該耙頭不會傾向挖掘自身，而是相反地傾向順從 底部輪廓。藉此，該滑動塊具有一保護的功能。 該等圓盤形元件在該等壓力元件的重量下，通常會陷 入底部一定程度的穿透深度。典型的穿透深度可由該等圓 盤形穿透主體的設計期間決定。在一有利的具體實施例變 化’根據本發明的耙頭之特徵在於該齒嚙合於底部上高於 該圓盤形穿透主體較佳地0.5至10倍，更佳地〇·5至5倍， 201020375 且最佳地0.5至1.5倍於該等圓盤形穿透主體的穿透深度。 藉此該齒具有一理想的保護效果，且獲得最高的效率。該 齒亦具有一穿透深度。該齒的穿透深度較佳地被限制以避 免該齒的破壞或是過度地高切割力量❶在此有利的是假使 支撐手段的底側是被定位在齒的底側上方一預定的，較佳 地受限的距離。該支撐手段較佳地定位’使得其嚙合在底 .部上高於齒較佳地〇.5至1.5倍齒的穿透深度。由於此手段 -可獲得一較佳的保護效果，以及一進一步改善的功效。 © 在另一改良的較佳具體實施例，根據本發明之耙頭是 具有用於至少部分地關閉在零件之間的開口之關閉手段， 且特別的是在擋板與底部之間。提供關閉手段以達成以 下：通過吸取管線所供應的吸取力量將吸取耙頭到底部 上。所發展的吸取力量確保在穿透主體下足夠的壓應力在 底部中，於是底部破碎，碎裂或是除此之外崩塌。在播板 與底部之間開口的關閉對熟悉該項技藝者可以任何習知方 A實施。因此關閉手段可包含一撓性材料的條帶，此條帶 橫跨該開口且被固定至在開口之至少一側上的相關的零 關於在穿透主體的尺度，可注意的是這些尺度被選擇 以，除其他因素外，預期的壓力力量及每—壓力元件穿透 主體的數量為準。該穿透主體的直徑可從數公分到數公寸 變化。尤其地合適的直徑計為在2且8〇公分之間較佳地 在5且60公分之間，且最佳地在⑺且切公分之間。具有 此直徑之穿透主體在拖泥船前進每公尺所需力量與所達成 9 201020375 m3)之間有一 的挖泥功效(亦即每分鐘所挖掘土壌的體積量 良好的平衡。 如果想要的話，根據本發明之耙頭可具有至少一系列 用於注入水的嘴射管線，較佳地在高壓之下注水。普通的 M力例如介於約1G至2⑼巴，雖然靡巴的壓力也是可 能的。該水喷射可被導向在穿透主體之前的底部，在穿透 主體之上的底部或是在穿透主體之後的底部以改善挖泥的 功效。 本發明亦關於以-耙吸式挖泥船用於碎裂及/或是挖掘 水面下至少部分地堅硬底部的方法，該耙吸式挖泥船具備 有根據本發明之把帛。該方法包含了降根冑本發明之㈣ 至底部上，然後該耙頭被拖良於底部上方。在此一吸取力 量透過吸取管線施加於至少部分地透過關閉手段關閉且藉 由該擋板及底部所包圍之空間上，於是該圓盤形穿透主體 透過其之周圍邊緣穿透進入底部且在此在壓力元件重量及 該吸取力量的影響下造成破碎。被打破的土壤碎片可透過 吸取管線被吸取。根據本發明該壓力元件在此彼此獨立地 運動’藉以達成一改善的功效。在挖泥期間’該壓力元件 較佳地彼此獨立地在一實質上地垂直於該底部的方向上轉 移。在一較佳的方法中’該壓力元件的支撐手段首先唾合 於底部上’其中該壓力元件被迫使順從底部的輪廓，接著 該齒嚙合於底部上’於是該底部是至少部分地推平，而後 該穿透主體嚙合於該底部上。 201020375 【實施方式】 參考圖1顯示用於一耙吸式挖泥船之耙頭1。耙頭1包 含一擋板2’該撞板在使用期間在拖曳方向P是被拖曳於底 部50上（亦見圖5)且在此鬆開土壤；及一吸取管線3，其連 接至擋板2且排出被鬆開的土壤。擋板2具有側壁（84，85) 及一頂板86’該頂板被連接至吸取管線3。在所顯示具體 實施例中’根據本發明耙頭的擋板2包含四個橫向於拖曳 • 方向p的個別地可移動壓力元件（21，22，23，24)。壓力元 ❹ 件（21，22，23，24)藉由導引手段（211，212，213，214， 215, 216, 217, 218)被容納在擋板2(見圖3)。用於此目的 擋板2包含一支撐結構，顯示在圖4，其在所顯示具體實施 例變化包含四個腔室（25 ’ 26，27, 28)，其中壓力元件（21， 22，23，24)是被容納在該等腔室中。該導引手段包含四個 導引滾子（211，212，213，214)被配置壓力元件21的後壁 31上及四個導引滾子（215，216，217，218)被配置前壁32 上’其可被滾動於腔室（25，26，27，28)的對應後壁41及 ® 前壁42上。爲了避免壓力元件（21，22，23，24)能夠自擋 板2脫離’每—屢力元件具有停止邊緣（33, 34)分別地在後 壁31及前壁32上。壓力元件(21，22，23，24)可以此相對 地自由地在一實質上垂直於底部50的方向L進行，其中停 止邊緣（33 ’ 34)停靠在腔室25的上方邊緣，例如在壓力元 件2 1的最下方位置。 如顯示於圖3之壓力元件21，每一壓力元件（2ι，Μ， 23，24)具有四個穿透主體（51，52，53，54)。該等穿透主 201020375 體（51，52，53，54)為圓盤形及透過其之周圍邊緣在容納其 的壓力元件之重量影響下傳送力量至底部5〇,藉此造成底 部中的破裂。在每一壓力元件中該等圓盤形穿透主體（51， 52’ 53’ 54)在實質上橫向於拖曳方向P進行的一行上延伸。 所有壓力元件的穿透主體被較佳地配置使得他們一起在實 質上地橫向於拖曳方向p進行的一行上延伸。此構形是顯 不在圖1。 在所顯示具體實施例中，把頭1的壓力元件（21，22， 23 ’ 24)亦具有一系列的齒（61，62，63，64)，該等實質上 0 橫向地於拖戈方向P延伸及其等在使用期間嚙合於該圓盤 形穿透主體（51，52，53，54)上游之底部50。壓力元件（2 i， 22 ’ 23 ’ 24)是進一步具有支撐手段（71，72，73，74)。這 些支撐手段包含滑動塊，例如鋼的滑動塊，具有一 丁方表 面’其等從一相關的壓力元件21的前壁32傾斜至該等圓 盤形穿透主體（5卜52，53，54)及/或是齒（6卜62，63，64)。 在使用期間’該等支撐手段（71，72，73，74)嚙合於該等圓 盤形穿透主體（51，52，53，54)上游的底部上及可選擇地該 ❹ 齒（61，62，63，64)上游的底部上，藉以它們首先嚙合於底 部50上。相關的壓力元件是因此被迫使順從底部的輪 廓。在一底部50上升的情形下，相關的壓力元件將被往上 推動甚至在齒（61，62，63，64)及穿透主體（51，52，53， 54)可穿透進入該底部之前。支撐手段（7ι，72，73，74)不 僅提供一用於齒及圓盤形穿透主體之保護，而且控制穿透 主體（5卜52 ’ 53，54 ’ 6卜62，63，64)之想要的穿透深度。 12 201020375 因為齒（61，62，63，64)喷合於圓盤形穿透主體（5丨，52， 53 ’ 54)上游之底部上，該齒同樣地提供對該等圓盤形穿透 主體之保護，而且亦控制穿透主體（51，52，53，54)之想要 的穿透深度。當支撐手段的底侧被定位在高於齒的底側一 預定的，較佳地受限的距離，可達成最佳的結果。例如當 齒（61 ’ 62 ’ 63，64)具有一穿透深度及該支撐手段嚙合於底 部50上南於齒〇.5至15倍之齒的穿透深度，及當該等圓 盤形穿透主體（5卜52, 53, 54)具有一穿透深度及該齒（61， 62 ’ 63 ’ 64)唾合於底部5〇上高於該等圓盤形穿透主體〇5 至1.5倍之圓盤形穿透主體的穿透深度。 例如顯示在圖1耙頭丨的具體實施例，擋板2具有關 閉手段’其實質上地關閉在擋板2及底部5〇之間的開口， 以避免水的供應沿著擋板2相對地未生產侧供給◊該關閉 手段包含關閉板（81，82) ’其被配置在側壁（84，85)兩者之 上及其是可在高度上滑動的及，假使想要的，在其的下方 邊緣上提供有一橡膠覆蓋層^在底側的上游，擋板2具有 一傾斜板83,其提供底部50上足夠的支撐及避免水沿著上 游側被拖出。 在挖泥期間，一負壓維持於耙頭1内使被鬆開的堅硬 土壤顆粒及其他土壤顆粒透過吸取管線3被吸取。參考圖 5 ’根據本發明的方法包含下降耙頭丨至底部50及在拖曳 方向P拖矣耙頭1於底部50上。在此藉由吸取管線3施加 一吸取力量於至少部分地透過關閉手段（84，85)關閉及藉由 擋板2及底部50所包圍的空間，於是該等圓盤形穿透主體 13 201020375 (51 ’ 52，53，54)透過其之周圍邊緣穿透進入底部5〇及在 此在容納其之壓力元件的重量影響下造成破裂。藉由施加 一大量的定位鄰近於彼此之圓盤形穿透主體（51，52，53， 54)，其可發現介於該等穿透主體之間的底部也被壓碎，藉 以該等功效是相當大的。該破碎的底部碎片是透過吸取管 線3吸取》根據本發明壓力元件（21，22，23，24)在此實質 上地彼此獨立地在一實質上垂直於底部5〇的方向L上轉 移。一大量的穿透主體以此保持與底部5〇接觸，藉以達成 相對於先前述技藝一增進的功效，而不管可能較小的平均 ❹ 穿透深度。支標手段（71’72,73,74)首先喊合於底部5〇 上及除此之外提供對於穿透主體的保護。一進一步改善的 功效是藉由施加齒及圓盤形穿透主體的組合達成，其中該 齒是首先於嚙合底部上至一決定的穿透深度，以致於底部 50是至少部分地被推平，而後該穿透主體嚙合於該底部 上。其是有利的提供一耙頭，其中該圓盤形穿透主體首先 喃口於底。P上至—決定的穿透深度，以致於底部是至少 部分地被打碎，而後該齒嚙合於該底部上。 ❹ 本發明是非限制於以上所述的示範性具體實施例，及 可對該等進行改良至落入隨附申請專利範圍的範缚内的程 【圖式簡單說明】 根據本發明的把頭與方法現在將基於以下所描述的較 佳具體實施例及圖式更進一步闡日月，而非限制本發明於該 14201020375 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a hammer (1) of a suction dredger. The hoe comprises a baffle (2) which is towed over the bottom and where the soil is loosened, and a suction line (3) 'the suction line is connected to the baffle (2) and discharged The soil that was loosened. The invention also relates to a method of excavating soil using the hoe. [Prior Art] According to the preface, the gimmick is known from EP-A-08921 16. EP-A-08921 16 describes a hammer for a suction dredger comprising a baffle which is connected to a suction line and which is open towards the bottom for dredging. The baffle is secured to the suction dredger by a tow line. A series of teeth are placed on the baffle. During dredging, the dry head with the tow line and the suction line is at an angle that is substantially lower than the surface of the winch behind the suction dredger until the hoe is in contact with the bottom. During the ascending dredger, the hoe was dragged under the surface of the water above the bottom. The soil was loosened by the teeth that were engaged on the bottom. The loosened soil is sucked through the suction line, for example, to a storage space displayed on the suction dredger. During the dredging, the hammer exerts pressure on the bottom due to the weight of the part below the surface of the water relative to the earth's and optionally due to the suction force formed by the suction line. The weight under the surface of the part corresponds to the weight on the surface of the water minus the weight of the water replaced by the part. The weight of the surface of the steel part is therefore approximately 10,020,375 7/8 of the weight on the surface of the water (the relative specific gravity of the steel is approximately For 8) reasonable efficacy, it is extremely necessary to further improve the content, the effect is understood as per unit time even if the traditional gimmick has this effect. The amount of soil excavated in this application. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a purpose for the purpose of excavating the soil under the water with the effect of Hanshan, the dry head of the dredger. The invented head has a purpose for this purpose. Characteristic, the head of the hoe is two individually movable pressure elements transverse to the direction of the trailing direction, wherein one of the pressure elements 卞匕3矸 penetrates the body, and the force is under the influence of the weight of the pressure element To the bottom. The movable pressure of the material (4) is transverse to the direction of the drag, ensuring that the penetrating body can better maintain contact with the bottom when the bottom is not flat. The existing hoe contains a relatively large Penetrating the body. Under the condition of an uneven bottom, it is highly probable that only a small number of penetrating bodies are in contact with the bottom, whereby the entire weight of the hoe is distributed over a small number of penetrating bodies. The transmissive body is thus subjected to relatively large forces which can easily cause the pervasive body to be destroyed and/or rapidly worn. The present invention solves this and other problems. Not only the average penetration of the subject versus (uneven) bottom contact, the number of penetrating bodies per pressure element can be adjusted more easily without changing the total number of penetrating bodies. Because the force on the penetrating body is better distributed, it becomes It is possible to give all steamed bread a larger and heavier design than the so-called common steamed bread (the conventional steamed bread head has a land weight of 20-30 metric tons) (for example, the weight on the surface of 100 metric tons of water). Heavy and large hoes will significantly increase dredging effectiveness. In a particular embodiment of the gimmick of the present invention, the number of penetrating bodies can be greater than the number in the conventional hoe, if desired. The penetrating body results in an average lower penetration depth into the bottom. Surprisingly, the lower efficiency expected in this way is entirely compensated by the application of individually movable pressure elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A head according to the invention is characterized in that the pressure element is received in the baffle by means of a guiding means such that the pressure elements are rotatable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bottom This change has the advantage that substantially the entire weight of each pressure element is utilized. This is because in this particular embodiment variation, each pressure element can be substantially perpendicular to the bottom. Move "freely" in the direction (unlike friction and the like). Another preferred embodiment relates to a ram having a disc-shaped penetrating body that transmits power to the bottom through its peripheral edge under the influence of the weight of the pressure element that houses it. Because the disc-shaped penetrating bodies are preferably disposed with their disc planes substantially perpendicular to the lower surface of the pressure members and more partially protrude from the lower surface, the peripheral edges of the discs are in contact with the bottom surface. The weight of the submerged pressure element associated with the suction dredger is thus distributed over the contact surface between the penetrating body and the bottom surface. Thereby a local development of a high pressure which effectively crushes the bottom, and in particular a relatively rigid bottom β, is advantageous according to the invention. The advantageous feature of the boring head is that the penetrating bodies extend in a row and substantially transversely In the direction of the dredging. By specifically positioning 201020375, the bottom of the disc-shaped penetrating body is crushed and crushed. The body is in a row, and it is surprisingly found that not only the mains are penetrated, but also the bottom between the penetrating bodies can also select the number of disk-shaped penetrating bodies per pressure element within a wide limit | The number of shaped penetrating bodies is preferably between '2' and '20', preferably between 2 and 1 ,, and most preferably between 3 and Μ. In the transverse direction, between two successively penetrating bodies, a particularly suitable towel distance of between 5 and 50 cm, preferably between 8 and 35 cm, is optimally between 1 and 20 cm. . The number of pressure elements in the ram according to the present invention can also vary within a wide range of limitations. A large number of pressure elements have the advantage of obeying the bottom profile with excellent precision, although the average force transmitted to the bottom by the penetrating bodies is reduced. A small amount of pressure element results in a simpler structure. When the number of pressure elements is between 2 and 2, preferably between 2 and 8, and optimally between 3 and 5, a good compromise can be obtained. The hoe is dragged under the water below the bottom, wherein according to the invention ® it is in contact with the bottom mainly by the penetrating bodies, in particular the disk-shaped penetrating body. An advantageous feature of the hoe is that the disc-shaped penetrating bodies are received within the pressure element for rotation about their axis, the axis being perpendicular to the plane of the disk - wherein the axis of rotation is substantially opposite to the direction of drag At right angles. This results in a relatively small amount of energy required to move the suction dredger at normal speed. A further advantage of the steamed bread according to the invention is that the bottom portion can be crushed into relatively small soil particles, whereby the soil particles 7 201020375 are absorbed with good efficiency. It should be understood that this means that the concentration of the relevant particles in the water being aspirated is relatively high. In order to protect the disk-shaped penetrating bodies, the pressure elements of the boring head are preferably provided with a series of teeth extending in a direction substantially transverse to the drag direction and being worn with the disks during use. The bottom of the upstream of the body is engaged. The teeth cut a predetermined portion of the soil before the penetrating bodies reach the soil portion. The teeth can also flatten the bottom portion, whereby the disc-shaped penetrating body can perform work more efficiently. The combination of the teeth and the disc-shaped penetrating body provides an enhanced effect. Another improved boring head is obtained when the pressure members also have support means for engaging the upstream bottom of the disk-shaped penetrating body during use, and optionally engaging the upstream bottom of the teeth. In the case of extremely uneven bottoms, these support means ensure that the pressure elements, and possibly even the entire baffle, are forced to conform to the contour of the bottom. This avoids human interference by the hoe and/or damage to the head' and in particular the disc shape penetrates the body. In a particularly suitable embodiment, the support means comprises a plurality of slide blocks preferably disposed in the lateral direction. The sliders are configured such that the hoe does not tend to dig itself, but instead tends to conform to the bottom contour. Thereby, the sliding block has a protective function. The disc shaped elements typically sink to a certain extent of penetration depth at the bottom of the pressure elements. The typical penetration depth can be determined by the design period of the disk-shaped penetrating body. Variations in an advantageous embodiment are characterized in that the tongue according to the invention is characterized in that the tooth engages on the bottom preferably from 0.5 to 10 times, more preferably from 5 to 5 times higher than the disk-shaped penetrating body. , 201020375 and optimally 0.5 to 1.5 times the penetration depth of the disc-shaped penetrating bodies. Thereby the tooth has an ideal protective effect and the highest efficiency is obtained. The tooth also has a penetration depth. The penetration depth of the tooth is preferably limited to avoid damage to the tooth or excessively high cutting force. It is advantageous here if the bottom side of the support means is positioned above the bottom side of the tooth for a predetermined time. The distance that is well limited. The support means is preferably positioned such that it engages at a depth greater than that of the teeth, preferably from 5 to 1.5 times the teeth. Thanks to this means - a better protection effect and a further improved efficacy are obtained. © In a further preferred embodiment, the boring head according to the invention is provided with means for closing the opening at least partially between the parts, and in particular between the baffle and the bottom. A means of closing is provided to achieve the following: the suction force supplied by the suction line will draw the hoe to the bottom. The developed suction force ensures that sufficient compressive stress under the penetrating body is in the bottom, and the bottom is broken, broken or otherwise collapsed. The closing of the opening between the playing board and the bottom can be implemented by any person skilled in the art. Thus the closing means may comprise a strip of flexible material which spans the opening and is fixed to the associated zero on at least one side of the opening with respect to the dimensions of the penetrating body, it being noted that these dimensions are Select, among other factors, the expected pressure force and the number of penetrating bodies per pressure element. The diameter of the penetrating body can vary from a few centimeters to a few inches. Particularly suitable diameters are between 2 and 8 centimeters, preferably between 5 and 60 centimeters, and most preferably between (7) and centimeters. The penetrating body with this diameter has a dredging effect between the required force per metre of the mud boat and the achieved 9 201020375 m3) (ie a good balance of the volume of the soil excavated every minute. If you want In this case, the hoe according to the invention may have at least one series of nozzle lines for injecting water, preferably water under high pressure. Ordinary M forces are for example between about 1 G and 2 (9) bar, although the pressure of the sputum is also It is possible that the water jet can be directed to the bottom of the body before it penetrates the body, at the bottom above the body or at the bottom of the body to improve the effect of dredging. The invention also relates to the sucking type A dredger is used for chipping and/or excavating at least a portion of a hard bottom under the surface of the water, the sucking dredger having a handle according to the present invention. The method comprises the root of the invention (4) to the bottom Upper, then the hoe is dragged over the bottom. Here, a suction force is applied through the suction line to a space that is at least partially closed by the closing means and surrounded by the baffle and the bottom, so that the disk is worn The body penetrates into the bottom through its peripheral edge and is thereby broken under the influence of the weight of the pressure element and the suction force. The broken soil fragments can be sucked through the suction line. According to the invention, the pressure element is independent of one another. Movement 'to achieve an improved effect. During the dredging' the pressure elements are preferably transferred independently of one another in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bottom. In a preferred method 'the support of the pressure element The means first sprinkles on the bottom 'where the pressure element is forced to conform to the contour of the bottom, then the teeth engage on the bottom' and the bottom is at least partially flattened, and then the penetrating body engages the bottom. 201020375 [ Embodiment 1 shows a hoe 1 for a suction dredger. The hoe 1 comprises a baffle 2' which is towed to the bottom 50 during the towing direction P during use (see also Figure 5) and loosening the soil here; and a suction line 3 connected to the baffle 2 and discharging the loosened soil. The baffle 2 has side walls (84, 85) and a top plate 86' It is connected to the suction line 3. In the particular embodiment shown, 'the baffle 2 according to the invention comprises four individually movable pressure elements (21, 22, 23, 24) transverse to the towing direction p. The pressure element (21, 22, 23, 24) is housed in the shutter 2 (see Fig. 3) by means of guiding means (211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218). The target baffle 2 comprises a support structure, shown in Figure 4, which in the particular embodiment shown comprises four chambers (25' 26, 27, 28), wherein the pressure elements (21, 22, 23, 24) are It is housed in the chambers. The guiding means comprises four guiding rollers (211, 212, 213, 214) arranged on the rear wall 31 of the pressure element 21 and four guiding rollers (215, 216) , 217, 218) is configured on the front wall 32 which can be rolled onto the corresponding rear wall 41 and the front wall 42 of the chamber (25, 26, 27, 28). In order to prevent the pressure elements (21, 22, 23, 24) from being detached from the baffle 2, each of the repeatedly acting elements has stop edges (33, 34) on the rear wall 31 and the front wall 32, respectively. The pressure element (21, 22, 23, 24) can thus be relatively freely oriented in a direction L substantially perpendicular to the bottom 50, wherein the stop edge (33 '34) rests on the upper edge of the chamber 25, for example under pressure The lowest position of the component 2 1. As shown in the pressure element 21 of Figure 3, each pressure element (2i, Μ, 23, 24) has four penetrating bodies (51, 52, 53, 54). The penetrating main 201020375 bodies (51, 52, 53, 54) are disc-shaped and transmit forces to the bottom 5〇 under the influence of the weight of the pressure element holding them through the peripheral edges thereof, thereby causing cracks in the bottom. . The disc-shaped penetrating bodies (51, 52' 53' 54) extend in a row substantially transverse to the drag direction P in each of the pressure elements. The penetrating bodies of all of the pressure elements are preferably configured such that they together extend substantially in a row transverse to the drag direction p. This configuration is not shown in Figure 1. In the particular embodiment shown, the pressure element (21, 22, 23' 24) of the head 1 also has a series of teeth (61, 62, 63, 64) which are substantially zero transverse to the drag direction P. The extension and its etc. engage during engagement with the bottom 50 upstream of the disc-shaped penetrating body (51, 52, 53, 54). The pressure element (2 i, 22 ' 23 ' 24) is further provided with supporting means (71, 72, 73, 74). These means of support comprise a sliding block, such as a sliding block of steel, having a rectangular surface which is inclined from the front wall 32 of an associated pressure element 21 to the disk-shaped penetrating body (5, 52, 53, 54) ) and / or teeth (6 Bu 62, 63, 64). During use, the support means (71, 72, 73, 74) engage on the bottom upstream of the disc-shaped penetrating bodies (51, 52, 53, 54) and optionally the teeth (61, 62, 63, 64) on the bottom of the upstream, whereby they first engage the bottom 50. The associated pressure element is thus constrained to follow the contour of the bottom. In the event that a bottom 50 rises, the associated pressure element will be pushed up even before the teeth (61, 62, 63, 64) and the penetrating body (51, 52, 53, 54) can penetrate into the bottom. . The supporting means (7ι, 72, 73, 74) not only provide protection for the tooth and disc-shaped penetrating body, but also control the penetrating body (5 Bu 52 ' 53, 54 ' 6 Bu 62, 63, 64) The depth of penetration desired. 12 201020375 Since the teeth (61, 62, 63, 64) are sprayed onto the bottom of the disc-shaped penetrating body (5丨, 52, 53 ' 54) upstream, the teeth likewise provide such disc-shaped penetration The protection of the body and also the desired penetration depth of the penetrating body (51, 52, 53, 54). The best results are achieved when the underside of the support means is positioned above the bottom side of the teeth by a predetermined, preferably limited, distance. For example, when the teeth (61 '62' 63, 64) have a penetration depth and the support means engages the penetration depth of the teeth 5 to 15 times the ridges on the bottom 50, and when the discs are worn The transmissive body (5 bu 52, 53, 54) has a penetration depth and the teeth (61, 62 ' 63 ' 64) are sprinkled on the bottom 5 高于 5 to 1.5 times higher than the disc-shaped penetrating bodies 〇 The disc shape penetrates the penetration depth of the body. For example, as shown in the specific embodiment of Figure 1, the baffle 2 has a closing means 'which substantially closes the opening between the baffle 2 and the bottom 5〇 to prevent the supply of water from being relatively along the baffle 2 Unproduced side supply means, the closing means comprises closing plates (81, 82) 'which are disposed on both side walls (84, 85) and which are slidable in height, if desired, in their A rubber cover is provided on the lower edge upstream of the bottom side, and the baffle 2 has an inclined plate 83 which provides sufficient support on the bottom 50 and prevents water from being drawn along the upstream side. During the dredging, a negative pressure is maintained in the steamed bread 1 so that the loosened hard soil particles and other soil particles are sucked through the suction line 3. Referring to Figure 5, the method according to the present invention includes lowering the hammer head to the bottom 50 and dragging the head 1 to the bottom 50 in the drag direction P. Here, a suction force is applied by the suction line 3 to at least partially close the space enclosed by the closing means (84, 85) and surrounded by the baffle 2 and the bottom 50, so that the disc-shaped penetrating body 13 201020375 ( 51 ' 52, 53, 54) penetrates through its peripheral edge into the bottom 5 〇 and causes a break under the influence of the weight of the pressure element that houses it. By applying a large number of disc-shaped penetrating bodies (51, 52, 53, 54) positioned adjacent to each other, it can be found that the bottom between the penetrating bodies is also crushed, whereby the effects are It is quite big. The broken bottom pieces are sucked through the suction line 3, according to which the pressure elements (21, 22, 23, 24) are substantially independently displaced from each other in a direction L substantially perpendicular to the bottom 5 turns. A large amount of penetrating body remains in contact with the bottom portion 5, thereby achieving an enhanced effect relative to the prior art described above, regardless of the possibly smaller average penetration depth. The means of the support (71'72, 73, 74) firstly sings on the bottom 5 及 and in addition provides protection for the penetrating body. A further improvement is achieved by a combination of applying a tooth and a disc-shaped penetrating body, wherein the tooth is first on the meshing bottom to a determined penetration depth such that the bottom 50 is at least partially flattened, The penetrating body then engages the bottom. It is advantageous to provide a boring head in which the disc-shaped penetrating body is first vented to the bottom. P up to - determines the penetration depth such that the bottom is at least partially broken and then the teeth engage on the bottom. The present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments, and can be modified to fall within the scope of the accompanying claims. [Simple Description of the Drawings] The head and method according to the present invention The present invention will now be further explained based on the preferred embodiments and drawings described below, without limiting the invention to the 14
201020375 等較佳的具體實施例。在圖式中： 圖1顯示根據本發明之耙頭的概要底視圖； 圖2顯示圖1之耙頭的概要俯視圖； 圖3顯示根據本發明之耙頭的一壓力元件的概要底視 圖； 圖4顯示一支撐結構的概要俯視圖，其中如顯示在圖3 之壓力元件可被容納於該支撐結構中；及最後 圖5顯示根據本^明之把頭在操作中的概要視圖。 t罟兀 仟将號說明】 P 拖氧方向 L 方向 1 耙頭 2 擋板 3 吸取管線 21 壓力元件 22 壓力元件 23 壓力元件 24 壓力元件 25 腔室 26 腔室 27 腔室 28 腔室 31 後壁 15 前壁 停止邊緣 停止邊緣 後壁 前壁 底部 穿透主體 穿透主體 穿透主體 穿透主體 齒/穿透主體 齒/穿透主體 齒/穿透主體 齒/穿透主體 支撐手段 支撐手段 支撐手段 支撐手段 關閉手段/關閉板 關閉手段/關閉板 傾斜板 關閉手段/侧壁 關閉手段/側壁 頂板 16 201020375 211 導引手段/導引滚子 212 導引手段/導引滚子 213 導引手段/導引滚子 214 導引手段/導引滚子 215 導引手段/導引滚子 216 導引手段/導引滾子 17Preferred embodiments of 201020375 and the like. In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a schematic bottom view of a hammer according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a schematic top view of the hammer of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a schematic bottom view of a pressure element of a hammer according to the invention; 4 shows a schematic top view of a support structure in which the pressure member as shown in Fig. 3 can be accommodated; and finally Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the head in operation according to the present invention.罟兀仟 罟兀仟 说明 】 】 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 拖 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 front wall stop edge stop edge rear wall front wall bottom penetrating body penetrating body penetrating body penetrating body tooth / penetrating body tooth / penetrating body tooth / penetrating body tooth / penetrating body supporting means supporting means supporting means Support means closing means / closing plate closing means / closing plate inclined plate closing means / side wall closing means / side wall top plate 16 201020375 211 guiding means / guiding roller 212 guiding means / guiding roller 213 guiding means / guide Roller 214 Guide means / Guide roller 215 Guide means / Guide roller 216 Guide means / Guide roller 17