201004727 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於將主要作爲飲料用容器使用後的空鋁罐 的粉末化方法及粉末製造裝置。 【先前技術】 現今無限量地丟棄的鋁罐是被業者收集起來，而鋁業 Φ 廠商把所收集的鋁罐買回去集中處理。鋁業廠商，將鋁罐 ，與由鐵或鉻所構成的頂板，一起以高爐熔煉，藉由析出 溫度的差異，而分開取得鋁、鐵、鉻，將塊狀鋁溶解，使 其經過高壓噴射步驟及冷卻步驟，則能作出細微的鋁粉末 。該方法是已知的技術。而如果將鋁粉末、氧化鐵粉末、 鎂粉末混在一起燃燒的話，藉由鋁熱反應，可得到2000〜 2700 °C的高溫，藉此，可以將注射器等的醫療廢棄物、控 掘溫泉時所產生的含有砷的污泥、石綿等予以消滅使其無 〇 害化，該方法也是已知技術。可是在以高爐析出鋁塊後將 其粉末化的方法，無法避免會有價格非常昂貴的缺點。因 此，有嘗試過從鋁罐直接作成鋁粉末，可是因爲鋁罐的頂 板是與鋁罐主體不同的鐵及鉻的混合體所作成，而因爲種 種原因而失敗。 另一方面，利用多軸輥子來使粗大物件粉碎的裝置， 有很多像日本特公平2—5465號、成爲其基礎的日本特公 平1 — 2·7778號、進一步發展的美國專利第7 1 2828 5號等， 在這些裝置中，都無法獲得適合鋁熱反應的1mm以下的粉 201004727 末。而從日本公司三力製作所所販賣的三力式萬能粉碎機 ，是具備有：將在圓周方向稍微錯開的多數旋轉刃積疊保 持的高速旋轉軸、以及具有包圍該高速旋轉軸且與旋轉刃 相對向而突出的複數的固定刃的殼體。可是該粉碎機，並 無法獲得能夠使用於鋁熱反應的均勻尺寸的粉末，如果硬 是要嘗試將其粉末化的話，則會有引發著火的可能。 [專利文獻1] _ 日本特公平2— 5465號公報 [專利文獻2] 日本特公平1 一 27778號公報 [專利文獻3] 美國專利第7128285號公報 ❿ [非專利文獻1] 曰本公司三力製作所製作的三力式萬能粉碎機型錄 【發明內容】 [發明欲解決的課題] 本發明的目的，可以從空鋁罐’簡單且廉價地且不用 擔心著火地生產出，適合鋁熱反應的燃料粉末（火藥）。 201004727 [用以解決課題的手段] 第1發明，是鋁罐的粉末化方法，是具備有：將鋁罐 破碎爲板狀細片的步驟、以及將所得到的板狀破碎片粉碎 爲粉末狀的步驟；將至少上述粉碎步驟的摩擦熱產生部分 ，藉由液態氮氣加以冷卻。 第2發明，是鋁罐的粉末製造裝置，是具備有：將鋁 罐破碎爲板狀細片的破碎機、將破碎機所得到的板狀細片 φ 粉碎爲粉末狀的粉碎機、以及將至少粉碎機的摩擦熱產生 部分，藉由液態氮氣加以冷卻的噴嘴。 第3發明，其中破碎機爲三軸破碎機。 第4發明，其中粉碎機是一軸粉碎機，該一軸粉碎機 是具備有：積疊保持著在圓周方向些微分別錯開的多數的 旋轉刃的高速旋轉軸、以及具有包圍上述旋轉軸而與旋轉 刃相對向而突出的固定刃的殼體。 第5發明，其中是以與旋轉刃群組的旋轉面下面相對 • 向的方式，具有：設置於殼體的篩網部。 第6發明，其中具備有空氣輸送機，該空氣輸送機， 將粉碎機所得到的粉末，隔介著篩網部予以吸引而供給到 分類機。 第7發明，其中具備有防止堵塞用噴嘴，該防止堵塞 用噴嘴’在篩網的下側，朝上噴出乾燥氣體。 第8發明，其中具備有驅動機構，該驅動機構使防止 堵塞用噴嘴在篩網部的下側往復移動。 第9發明，其中在固定刃的厚度層內具備有液態氮氣 -7- 201004727 噴嘴。 [發明效果] 藉由第1、2發明，利用破碎機與粉碎機的絕妙組合， 可安全（確實地排除引起著火的可能性）且廉價地製造出 ，適合鋁熱反應的1mm以下程度的粉末。 藉由第3、4發明，可以有效地實施：粗破碎處理、及 用來得到粉末的粉碎處理。 藉由第5〜8發明，其優點能夠自動獲得均勻尺寸的鋁 粉末。 藉由第9發明，可以讓液態氮的使用量成爲最少，並 且能保持高冷卻效率。 【實施方式】 在顯示正面的第1圖，是顯示了：在三軸破碎機1的下 側一體地組裝有一軸粉碎機2的粉末製造裝置G的一個例子 ，3是鋁罐自動插入裝置，4、5都是油壓馬達，6、7是輸 送用管，8是吸引用泵浦，9是震動型分類器，1〇是用來收 容已經最終加工爲可使用於鋁熱反應的狀態的製品的容器 ，11是台車。12是過大尺寸的半製品用的返回用管，68是 製品排出口。 第2圖的三軸破碎機1 (本案申請人的商品MARIN )， 是具備有：兩個上螺桿14、15(在箭頭A、B方向例如以5 〜6 Or .p.m所驅動）、一個下螺桿16 (例如與上螺桿14、15 -8 - 201004727 等速而朝箭頭c方向自由反轉驅動）、安裝於殼體17的刮 刀18、19 (在其內部設置有液態氮氣供給噴嘴20，與配管 21連接）、以及藉由彈簧23彈壓使其互相接近，且藉由來 自沒有圖示的檢測器的訊號來調整排出口 24的開度的一對 排出量調整輥子25。26是破碎物也就是鋁罐。 從第2圖的III一 III箭頭方向觀察的視圖的第3圖，藉 由上螺桿14、15的刮刀30、31的扭轉方向與旋轉方向A、B φ ，將破碎物26朝相對的箭頭D、E方向驅動，藉由刮刀30、 31剪斷，然後進入到下螺桿16的刮刀交叉處32(藉由交叉 的所形成）內，從該處露出的部分，被刮刀18或19(是哪 個刮刀作動，是藉由下螺桿16的旋轉方向決定）剪斷，而 掉落到下方。 再看第2圖的下半部分，在一軸粉碎機2，在高速旋轉 軸35 (例如150 Or. p.rn)上，積疊保持有多數個薄旋轉刃36 (厚度爲1〜5mm較佳，1〜2mm更佳的切割器），該旋轉 • 刃36在旋轉方向稍微分別（例如每15度）錯開，包圍著該 旋轉刃群組而朝向旋轉刃36突出的固定刃37〜40，以朝向 與紙面成直角的方向延伸的姿勢，固定於殼體41。在各固 定刃，在其長軸方向讓多數個小直徑的噴嘴42鄰接設置， 這些噴嘴連通於配管21。45是將旋轉刃36群組的下側予以 覆蓋的篩網，該篩網，是以例如不鏽鋼線的細小網眼（開 口度1mm左右）所形成。通過該網眼被朝下方吸引的粉末 ，進入到輸送用管6。在篩網45的下側，以導引部46支承 著朝向與第2圖的紙面成直角的方向長長地延伸的管狀主 -9- 201004727 體，該管狀主體緊密地具有：朝上噴出乾燥空氣或液態氮 氣的防止堵塞用噴嘴48，該管狀主體，藉由驅動機構49及 沒有圖示的環狀皮帶，沿著導引部46朝箭頭F及相反F方向 往復驅動（例如在1分鐘內一次往復）。35’爲粉碎物。 在第4圖，是將三軸破碎機1與兩台一軸粉碎機2 (僅 顯示靠近前面的構造）分離配置，兩者是以鏈斗式輸送機 52所連結。 第5圖是顯示液態氮氣滅火裝置54，55是液態氮槽， 56是電磁閥，57是泵浦。 第6圖顯示分類器9。在該分類器9，將隨著朝向下方 其網眼變細的篩網60〜62，相對於殻體63以外周的彈性膜 支承，且設置成藉由震動馬達64將其朝前後左右方向驅動 。排出口 65〜67，藉由第1圖的返回用管12，再次回到粉 碎機2或破碎機1。排出口 68是連通到第1圖的製品容器10 〇 液態氮氣也可由在殻體41的內面處設置的噴嘴來供給 。破碎機1及粉碎機2，也可採用圖示以外的構造，破碎機 最好要進行粗破碎處理至至少不會留下鋁罐的罐子形狀的 程度。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是本發明的裝置的正視圖。 第2圖是第1圖的II— II剖視放大圖。 第3圖是從第2圖的ΙΠ— ΠΙ箭頭方向觀察的視圖。 201004727 第4圖是顯示其他實施例的正視圖。 第5圖是液態氮氣滅火裝置的配管圖。 第6圖是分類器的局部縱剖正視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :三軸破碎機 2 : —軸粉碎機 φ 6、7:輸送用管（空氣輸送器） 8 :吸引用泵浦 9 :分類機 20、42 :液體氮氣供給噴嘴 36 :旋轉刃 37〜40 :固定刃 41 :殻體 48 :防止堵塞用噴嘴 • 49 :驅動機構 -11 -[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a powdering method and a powder manufacturing apparatus for an empty aluminum can which is mainly used as a container for beverages. [Prior Art] Aluminum cans that have been discarded indefinitely are collected by the industry, and the aluminum industry Φ manufacturers buy back the collected aluminum cans for centralized processing. Aluminum manufacturers, together with the top plate made of iron or chromium, are smelted in a blast furnace, and aluminum, iron and chromium are separately obtained by the difference in precipitation temperature, and the bulk aluminum is dissolved and subjected to high pressure injection. In the step and the cooling step, fine aluminum powder can be produced. This method is a known technique. When aluminum powder, iron oxide powder, and magnesium powder are mixed and burned together, a high temperature of 2000 to 2700 °C can be obtained by the aluminothermic reaction, whereby medical waste such as a syringe can be used, and the hot spring can be controlled. The produced arsenic-containing sludge, asbestos, and the like are eliminated to make them harmless, and this method is also a known technique. However, the method of powdering the aluminum block after it is precipitated in the blast furnace cannot avoid the disadvantage that it is very expensive. Therefore, attempts have been made to directly form aluminum powder from an aluminum can, but the top plate of the aluminum can is made of a mixture of iron and chromium different from the main body of the aluminum can, and fails for various reasons. On the other hand, there are many devices that use multi-axis rollers to pulverize coarse objects, and there are many Japanese special fairs No. 1 - 2777, which are based on the Japanese special fair No. 2-5465, and further developed US Patent No. 7 1 2828 No. 5, etc., in these devices, it is impossible to obtain powder of 201004727 which is suitable for aluminothermic reaction of 1 mm or less. The three-way universal pulverizer sold by the Japanese company Sanli Manufacturing Co., Ltd. has a high-speed rotating shaft that is stacked with a plurality of rotating blades that are slightly shifted in the circumferential direction, and has a rotating shaft that surrounds the high-speed rotating shaft. A plurality of fixed-blade housings that protrude in opposite directions. However, the pulverizer does not have a uniform size powder which can be used for the aluminothermic reaction, and if it is tried to pulverize it, there is a possibility of ignition. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. The contents of the three-way universal pulverizer produced by the company [Explanation] [The problem to be solved by the invention] The object of the present invention can be easily and inexpensively produced from an empty aluminum can without worrying about the fire, and is suitable for the thermal reaction of aluminum. Fuel powder (gunpowder). 201004727 [Means for Solving the Problem] The first invention is a method for pulverizing an aluminum can, comprising the steps of: breaking an aluminum can into a plate-like fine piece, and pulverizing the obtained plate-shaped fracture piece into a powder form a step of cooling at least the friction heat generating portion of the pulverizing step by liquid nitrogen. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a powder manufacturing apparatus for an aluminum can, comprising: a crusher that crushes an aluminum can into a plate-like fine piece; and a pulverizer that pulverizes the plate-like fine piece φ obtained by the crusher into a powder shape, and At least a friction heat generating portion of the pulverizer, a nozzle cooled by liquid nitrogen. A third invention, wherein the crusher is a three-axis crusher. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the pulverizer is a one-axis pulverizer including: a high-speed rotating shaft that overlaps and holds a plurality of rotating blades that are slightly shifted in the circumferential direction; and a rotating shaft that surrounds the rotating shaft The housing of the fixed blade that protrudes oppositely. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the screen portion of the casing is provided so as to face the lower surface of the rotating surface of the rotating blade group. According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided an air conveyor which supplies the powder obtained by the pulverizer to the sorting machine while being sucked through the screen portion. According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a nozzle for preventing clogging, wherein the nozzle for preventing clogging discharges a dry gas upward on a lower side of the screen. According to an eighth aspect of the invention, there is provided a drive mechanism for reciprocating the clogging preventing nozzle on a lower side of the screen portion. According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the liquid nitrogen gas -7-201004727 nozzle is provided in the thickness layer of the fixed blade. [Effect of the Invention] According to the first and second aspects of the invention, it is possible to safely (really eliminate the possibility of ignition) by using a combination of a crusher and a pulverizer, and to manufacture a powder having a degree of 1 mm or less suitable for the aluminothermic reaction. . According to the third and fourth inventions, the coarse crushing treatment and the pulverization treatment for obtaining the powder can be effectively carried out. According to the fifth to eighth inventions, the advantage is that the aluminum powder of uniform size can be automatically obtained. According to the ninth invention, the amount of liquid nitrogen used can be minimized, and high cooling efficiency can be maintained. [Embodiment] The first figure showing the front side shows an example of a powder manufacturing apparatus G in which a shaft pulverizer 2 is integrally assembled on the lower side of the triaxial crusher 1, and 3 is an aluminum can automatic insertion device. 4, 5 are hydraulic motors, 6, 7 are conveying pipes, 8 is suction pumping, 9 is a vibration type classifier, and 1 is used to accommodate a state that has been finally processed to be used for aluminothermic reaction. The container of the product, 11 is a trolley. 12 is a return pipe for an oversized semi-finished product, and 68 is a product discharge port. The three-axis crusher 1 (in the case of the applicant's product MARIN) of Fig. 2 is provided with two upper screws 14, 15 (for example, driven in the direction of arrows A and B, for example, 5 to 6 Or. pm), one under The screw 16 (for example, the upper screw 14 , 15 -8 - 201004727 is driven at a constant speed in the direction of the arrow c), and the scrapers 18 and 19 attached to the casing 17 (the liquid nitrogen supply nozzle 20 is provided therein, and The piping 21 is connected to each other, and the pair of discharge amount adjusting rollers 25 are adjusted by the springs 23 to be brought close to each other by the springs 23, and the opening of the discharge port 24 is adjusted by a signal from a detector (not shown). It is an aluminum can. In the third view of the view as seen from the direction of the arrow III-III of Fig. 2, the crushed object 26 is directed to the opposite arrow D by the twisting direction of the doctor blades 30, 31 of the upper screws 14, 15 and the rotational directions A, B φ Driven in the E direction, cut by the scrapers 30, 31, and then into the scraper intersection 32 of the lower screw 16 (formed by the intersection), the portion exposed from the scraper 18 or 19 (which is The blade is actuated by the rotation direction of the lower screw 16 to be cut and dropped to the lower side. Referring to the lower half of Fig. 2, the primary shaft pulverizer 2 has a plurality of thin rotary blades 36 stacked on the high speed rotating shaft 35 (e.g., 150 Or. p. rn) (thickness is preferably 1 to 5 mm). a better cutter of 1 to 2 mm), the rotation of the blade 36 is slightly shifted (for example, every 15 degrees) in the direction of rotation, and the fixed edges 37 to 40 protruding toward the rotary blade 36 are surrounded by the group of the rotary blades to The posture extending in a direction at right angles to the paper surface is fixed to the casing 41. In each of the fixed blades, a plurality of small-diameter nozzles 42 are disposed adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, and these nozzles communicate with the pipe 21. 45 is a screen covering the lower side of the group of the rotary blades 36, the screen is It is formed by a fine mesh of, for example, a stainless steel wire (opening degree: about 1 mm). The powder sucked downward by the mesh enters the transport tube 6. On the lower side of the screen 45, a tubular main-9-201004727 body extending longitudinally in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of Fig. 2 is supported by the guide portion 46, and the tubular body closely has a spray-up drying upward. a nozzle 48 for preventing clogging of air or liquid nitrogen, the tubular body being reciprocally driven along the guiding portion 46 in the direction of the arrow F and the opposite F by the driving mechanism 49 and an endless belt (not shown) (for example, within 1 minute) One round trip.) 35' is a pulverized material. In Fig. 4, the three-shaft crusher 1 and the two one-axis pulverizers 2 (only the structure close to the front is shown) are disposed apart, and the two are connected by a chain bucket conveyor 52. Figure 5 is a diagram showing a liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device 54, 55 being a liquid nitrogen tank, 56 being a solenoid valve, and 57 being a pump. Figure 6 shows the classifier 9. In the classifier 9, the screens 60 to 62 which are thinned toward the lower side are supported by the elastic film on the outer circumference of the casing 63, and are provided to be driven in the front, rear, left and right directions by the vibration motor 64. . The discharge ports 65 to 67 are returned to the crusher 2 or the crusher 1 by the return pipe 12 of Fig. 1 . The discharge port 68 is a product container 10 that is connected to the first drawing. 液态 Liquid nitrogen gas can also be supplied by a nozzle provided at the inner surface of the casing 41. The crusher 1 and the pulverizer 2 may be of a configuration other than those shown in the drawings, and the crusher is preferably subjected to a coarse crushing treatment to the extent that at least the shape of the can of the aluminum can is not left. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of the apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view as seen from the direction of the ΙΠ-ΠΙ arrow of Fig. 2. 201004727 Figure 4 is a front elevational view showing another embodiment. Figure 5 is a piping diagram of a liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing device. Figure 6 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional front view of the classifier. [Explanation of main component symbols] 1 : Triaxial crusher 2 : - Shaft pulverizer φ 6 , 7 : Transport pipe (air conveyor) 8 : Suction pump 9 : Sorter 20 , 42 : Liquid nitrogen supply nozzle 36 : Rotating blade 37 to 40: Fixed blade 41: Housing 48: No nozzle for clogging • 49: Drive mechanism -11 -