200929823 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明揭示一種具自驅式同步整流倍流器之順向式轉換器。 【先前技術】200929823 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention discloses a forward converter with a self-driven synchronous rectification current doubler. [Prior Art]
習知技術之電路圖及波形圖分別示於第1圖與第2圖，其中Ns 為二次側電力線圈，〇£與Dw分別為順向與飛輪二極體，1^與Lw分別 為順向與飛輪儲能電感且C。為濾波電容。在第2圖中，v,(〇、、 、/»及v。分別代表二次側電力線圈電壓、順向儲 能電感電壓、飛輪儲能電感電壓、順向儲能電感電流、飛輪儲能電感 電流、輸出電流與輸出電壓。 於開啟期間〇 < ί < ，V»為正(電壓值=VS)。Df受順向偏壓 開啟但Dw受逆向偏壓關閉。Lf經由C。、0?與Ns儲存電能但1^經 由CQ與Df釋放電能。順向與飛輪儲能電感Lf、Lw之跨壓分別為' (〇= vs-v<^'.(，)=-v〇。 於重置期間，ν々)為負（電壓值=-Vs)〇Df受逆 向偏壓關閉但Dw受順向偏壓開啟。Lf經由C。與Dw-放電能但Lw 經由CQ、Dw與风儲存電能。順向與飛輪儲能電感Lf、Lw2跨壓分 別為 -V。及 vA,.(〇= Vs-V。。 於延遲期間4 + G乙，'(r)為零。Lf與Lw之連續電流迫 使Dw導通。Lf經由C。與Dw釋放電能且Lw經由C。、Dw與Ns釋放電 5 200929823 能。順向與飛輪儲能電感Lf、u之跨壓皆為。 順向二極體Df與飛輪二極體D，一週期内的開啟與關閉如表 一所列’其中"ON"表示開啟；"OFF"表示關閉。The circuit diagram and waveform diagram of the prior art are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively, where Ns is the secondary side power coil, and 〇£ and Dw are the forward and flywheel diodes respectively, and 1^ and Lw are respectively forward direction. Energy storage inductance with flywheel and C. Is the filter capacitor. In Fig. 2, v, (〇, , , /», and v represent the secondary side power coil voltage, forward storage inductor voltage, flywheel energy storage inductor voltage, forward energy storage inductor current, flywheel energy storage, respectively. Inductor current, output current and output voltage. During the turn-on period 〇< ί < , V» is positive (voltage value = VS). Df is turned on by forward bias but Dw is turned off by reverse bias. Lf is via C. 0? and Ns store electrical energy but 1^ discharges electric energy via CQ and Df. The cross-pressure between the forward and flywheel energy storage inductors Lf and Lw is '(〇= vs-v<^'.(,)=-v〇. During reset, ν々) is negative (voltage value = -Vs) 〇 Df is reverse biased off but Dw is turned on by forward bias. Lf is via C. Dw-discharge energy but Lw is via CQ, Dw and wind The electric energy is stored. The forward and flywheel energy storage inductances Lf and Lw2 are respectively -V. and vA,.(〇= Vs-V. During the delay period 4 + G B, '(r) is zero. Lf and Lw The continuous current forces Dw to conduct. Lf releases power through C. and Dw and Lw releases electricity via C, Dw and Ns. 2009 20092323. The forward and the flywheel energy storage inductors Lf, u are across the voltage. Body Df and flywheel diode D, one The opening and closing of the period is as shown in Table 1. Where "ON" means open; "OFF" means closed.
Df Dw 開啟期間 ON OFF 重置期間 OFF ON 延遲期間 OFF ON 表一 〇 因輸出電流為順向電感電流~(ί)與飛輪電感電流、◦之和， 此習知轉換器具有倍流器之功能。惟，此習知轉換器採用二極體為整 流器，故導致較高的整流器導通損失。本發明以同步整流器取代二極 體整流器崎健流H導藝失並揭示做有狀祕驅動器。 Ο 【發明内容】 本發明之-目的係提供—種具倍流器之 、= 向之式轉換器。變墨器之一次側線圈連接-外部電 向儲能電姐二電JT圈的二端與電壓輸出端之間分別串接順 嶋一細Df Dw ON during ON OFF During reset period OFF ON Delay period OFF ON Table 1 Since the output current is the forward inductor current ~(ί) and the flywheel inductor current, ◦, this conventional converter has the function of the current doubler . However, this conventional converter uses a diode as a rectifier, resulting in higher rectifier conduction losses. The present invention replaces the diode rectifier with a synchronous rectifier and reveals that it has a secret actuator. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a converter with a current transformer and a converter. The primary side coil connection of the ink changer - the external electric energy storage electrician, the second end of the JT ring and the voltage output end are connected in series
器之二次側電力線圈二端之間。連接於接地端，並跨接於變壓 信號分配器連接於變壓器二zU 號，將信號分配器之第-輸出端當人/驅動線圏以接收驅動電壓信 、弟一輪出端及共同連接端連接於飛 200929823 輪整流器的控制端、順向整流器之控制端以及接地端，藉以開啟或截 止飛輪整流器與順向整流器。 轉換器之淨輸出電流為順向儲能電感與飛輪儲能電感 之儲能/釋能的電流總和，因而提高淨輸出電流。更進一步， 利用電位位移器或導通偵測控制器於延遲期間導通飛輪整流 器或順向整流器，可更進一步降低導通損失。 【實施方式】 請參考第3圖’其中一次側電力線圈Τρ連接至輸入電壓源Vi⑴， 其具有與在第2圖中之以〇相似之電壓波形，但其振幅或許不同。二 次側電力線圈N2之二端分別連接順向儲能電感^與飛輪儲能電感 Lw’並將飛輪儲能電感lw與順向健能電感]^之另一端相連接於電壓 輸出端，電壓輸出端與接地端之間跨接一濾波電容c。。 飛輪整流器與順向整流器為順向整流器，其可採用p通道金屬氧 化半導體場效應電晶體(p_channei metai oxide semiconduct〇r field effect fransistw，pM0S)、n通道金屬氧化半導體場效應電晶體 ❹ （n-ch^el metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, nMOS)、p 型接面場效應電晶體(Ρ-¥ junction field transistor, pJFET)或n型接 面場效應電晶體(n_type juncti〇n field transist〇r，WFET)實作。為使本 發明更易於理解，本說明書以顧^實作整流器，又稱為順向電晶 體Mf與飛輪電晶體^^。 飛輪電晶體Mw與順向電晶體_采共源極(共第二端)之架構，並 將源極連接接地端。飛輪電晶體與順向電晶體岭之汲極分別 連接二次側電力線圈N2之二端。 --人側驅動線圈N3之二端，其輸出電壓⑽，連接—信號分配 器2000之第-輪出端與第二輸出端，再由信號分配器2_之第一 200929823 輸出端、第二輸出端與共同連接端分別連接二次側電力線圈n2上之 飛輪電晶體Mw、順向電晶體Mf以及接地端，因而形成具自驅式同 步整流倍流器順向轉換器（forward converter with self-driven synchronous-rectifying current doubler) ° 信號分配器2000可由共陽極二極體所構成，其連接點作為共同 連接端，共陽極連接接地端，二二極體Dl、之陰極分別為信號分 配器2000之第一輸出端與第二輸出端。第4圖畫出在第3圖中之 1^與Mw之閘極電壓波形圖，圖中％⑴、VMf⑴與Vmw⑴分別表示以、 Mf與Mw的閘極電壓函數’ Vd表示％⑴的電壓值。此實施例之動^ 原理已於發明人之另一台灣發明申請號96135431詳述，故此處不 再贅述。Mf與Mw之開啟與關閉如表二所列。Between the two ends of the secondary side of the power coil. Connected to the grounding end, and connected to the transformer signal distributor to be connected to the transformer two zU number, the first output end of the signal distributor as the human/drive line 圏 to receive the driving voltage signal, the younger one round end and the common connection end Connected to the control terminal of the fly 200929823 wheel rectifier, the control terminal of the forward rectifier and the ground terminal to open or close the flywheel rectifier and the forward rectifier. The net output current of the converter is the sum of the current stored and discharged by the forward energy storage inductor and the flywheel energy storage inductor, thus increasing the net output current. Further, by using a potential shifter or a conduction detecting controller to turn on the flywheel rectifier or the forward rectifier during the delay, the conduction loss can be further reduced. [Embodiment] Referring to Fig. 3', the primary side power coil Τρ is connected to the input voltage source Vi(1), which has a voltage waveform similar to that of Fig. 2, but the amplitude may be different. The two ends of the secondary side power coil N2 are respectively connected with the forward energy storage inductor ^ and the flywheel energy storage inductor Lw', and the flywheel energy storage inductor lw and the other end of the forward energy sensor are connected to the voltage output terminal, the voltage A filter capacitor c is connected between the output end and the ground end. . The flywheel rectifier and the forward rectifier are forward rectifiers, which can be used as p-channel semiconductor oxide field effect transistors (p_channei metai oxide semiconductor field effect fransistw, pM0S), n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor ❹ (n- Ch^el metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (nMOS), p-type junction field effect transistor (pJFET) or n-type junction field effect transistor (n_type juncti〇n field transist〇r, WFET) implementation. In order to make the present invention easier to understand, the present specification is implemented as a rectifier, also referred to as a forward electric crystal Mf and a flywheel transistor. The structure of the flywheel transistor Mw and the forward transistor _ common source (total second end), and the source is connected to the ground. The flywheel transistor and the drain of the forward transistor ridge are respectively connected to the two ends of the secondary side power coil N2. - the two ends of the human side drive coil N3, the output voltage (10), the first-round output end of the connection-signal distributor 2000 and the second output end, and then the first 200929823 output end of the signal distributor 2_, the second The output end and the common connection end are respectively connected to the flywheel transistor Mw, the forward transistor Mf and the ground end on the secondary side power coil n2, thereby forming a self-driven synchronous rectifying current multiplier forward converter (forward converter with self -driven synchronous-rectifying current doubler) ° The signal distributor 2000 can be composed of a common anode diode, the connection point is a common connection end, the common anode is connected to the ground end, and the diodes of the diodes D1 and the cathodes are signal distributors 2000 respectively. The first output end and the second output end. The fourth diagram shows the gate voltage waveforms of 1^ and Mw in Fig. 3. In the figure, %(1), VMf(1), and Vmw(1) respectively indicate the voltage value of %(1) with the gate voltage function 'Vd' of Mf and Mw. The principle of this embodiment is described in detail in the inventor's other Taiwan invention application No. 96135431, and therefore will not be described again here. The opening and closing of Mf and Mw are listed in Table 2.
Mf Mw 開啟期間 ON OFF 重置期間 OFF ON 延遲期間 OFF OFF 表二 此一架構之缺點為電感電流、(r)與、幻於延遲期間流經飛輪整 Ο 流器Mw之本體二極體，故導致較高的整流器導通損失。然而，此整 流器導通損失可利用一電位位移器(level shifter示於第5圖）或一導通 偵測器(conduction detector示於第7圖)被降低。 第5圖係利用電位位移器3〇〇〇之第一輸入端與第二輸 入端連接於二次側驅動線圈Ns，再將第一輸出端與第二輸出 端分別連接於信號分配器2000之第二輸出端與第一輸出端。 本實施例之電位位移器3000係由電容C4串接二極體 D4 ’再串接齊納二極體ZD*所構成。其中，電容a之一端作 為電位位移器3000之第一輸入端，電容（：4之另一端作為第 200929823 一輸出端，以齊納二極體zd4之陽極同時作為第二輸入端及 第二輸出端。為簡化分析，假設二極體d4之順向電壓為零、 齊納二極體ZD4之崩潰電壓為vz且驅動電壓VD高於崩潰電壓vz。 當二次侧驅動線圈N3之電壓ν3(ί)為VD時，二極體D4導通、 齊納二極體ZD4崩潰且電容c4之跨壓被箝位在Vc4=VD-Vz，其 即為電位位移器3000所提供之電位位移量Vr=Vc4=VD-Vz。第 6圖畫出在第5圖中之]\^與Mw之閘極電壓波形圖。此實施例之動 作原理已於發明人之另一台灣發明申請號96135431詳述，故此處 不再贅述。 Ο 順向電晶體Mf與飛輪電晶體Mw的開啟與關閉於一週期内如表 三所列。During the reset period of the Mf Mw, the ON OFF period during the reset period is OFF. The delay period during the delay period is OFF OFF. The disadvantages of this architecture are the inductor current, (r) and the body diode flowing through the flywheel full-scale current transformer Mw during the delay. Lead to higher rectifier conduction losses. However, the rectifier conduction loss can be reduced using a potential shifter (level shifter shown in Figure 5) or a conduction detector (conduction detector shown in Figure 7). In the fifth figure, the first input end and the second input end of the potential shifter 3 are connected to the secondary side drive coil Ns, and the first output end and the second output end are respectively connected to the signal distributor 2000. The second output is coupled to the first output. The potential shifter 3000 of this embodiment is composed of a capacitor C4 connected in series with a diode D4' and a Zener diode ZD*. Wherein, one end of the capacitor a is used as the first input end of the potential shifter 3000, and the other end of the capacitor (the fourth end is used as an output terminal of 200929823, and the anode of the Zener diode zd4 is simultaneously used as the second input end and the second output To simplify the analysis, it is assumed that the forward voltage of the diode d4 is zero, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode ZD4 is vz, and the driving voltage VD is higher than the breakdown voltage vz. When the voltage of the secondary side driving coil N3 is ν3 ( ί) In the case of VD, the diode D4 is turned on, the Zener diode ZD4 is collapsed, and the voltage across the capacitor c4 is clamped at Vc4=VD-Vz, which is the potential displacement amount Vr= provided by the potential shifter 3000. Vc4=VD-Vz. Figure 6 shows the gate voltage waveform of the ^^ and Mw in Fig. 5. The principle of operation of this embodiment is detailed in the inventor's other Taiwan invention application number 96135531, so It will not be described in detail. 开启 The opening and closing of the forward transistor Mf and the flywheel transistor Mw are listed in Table 3 for one week.
Mf Mw 開啟期間 ON OFF 重置期間 OFF ON 延遲期間 OFF ON 表三 值得注意的是，飛輪電晶體MWK延遲期間仍然受電位 位移器3000所提供之電位位移量Vr開啟；因此降低整流器 導通損失。 第7圖係利用一導通偵測控制器4000於延遲期間内開 啟順向電晶體Mf與飛輪電晶體Mw。導通偵測控制器4000 包含一導通偵測器4100，其偵測飛輪電晶體Mw之導通情況 並輸出一導通控制電壓以開啟或截止導通控制器4200,導通 控制器4200控制器之待機端輸入待機電壓Vsb，導通控制器 4200控制器之導通端連接於信號分配器2000之第一輸出端。 200929823 本實施例之導通福測器4100包含二串連之電阻 Rd2，一電阻Rd 1、Rd2之一端連接飛輪電晶體之沒極（整流器 之第一端）與源極（整流器之第二端）’而連接點之分壓為導通 控制電塵。導通控制器4200包含PNP雙極電晶體(pnp bip〇lar junction transistor，pnp-BJT)Qd 與二極體 Dd，pNp 雙極電晶體During Mf Mw turn-on period ON OFF reset period OFF ON delay period OFF ON Table 3 It is worth noting that the potential displacement amount Vr provided by the potential shifter 3000 is still turned on during the flywheel transistor MWK delay; thus reducing the rectifier conduction loss. Fig. 7 uses a conduction detecting controller 4000 to turn on the forward transistor Mf and the flywheel transistor Mw during the delay period. The conduction detection controller 4000 includes a conduction detector 4100 that detects the conduction state of the flywheel transistor Mw and outputs a conduction control voltage to turn on or off the conduction controller 4200, and the standby terminal input of the controller 4200 controller is standby. The voltage Vsb, the conduction end of the conduction controller 4200 controller is connected to the first output of the signal distributor 2000. 200929823 The conduction detector 4100 of the embodiment includes two series resistors Rd2, one end of a resistor Rd1, Rd2 is connected to the pole of the flywheel transistor (the first end of the rectifier) and the source (the second end of the rectifier) 'The partial pressure of the connection point is to conduct electricity to control the dust. The conduction controller 4200 includes a PNP bipolar transistor (pnp-BJT) Qd and a diode Dd, a pNp bipolar transistor.
Qd之集極連接二極體Dd之陽極，二極體£^之陰極作為其導 通端，PNP雙極電晶體Qd之射極作為待機端，而基極作為控 制端連接二電阻Rdl、Rd2之連接點。第8圖畫出在第7圖中之 之閘極電壓波形圖。此實施例之動作原理已於發明人之另 〇 一台灣發明申請號％139272詳述，故此處不再贅述。 導通偵側器4000之（^與Dd、順向電晶體Mf與飛輪電晶體 Mw之開啟與關閉如表四所列。The collector of Qd is connected to the anode of the diode Dd, the cathode of the diode is used as its conduction end, the emitter of the PNP bipolar transistor Qd is used as the standby end, and the base is used as the control terminal to connect the two resistors Rd1 and Rd2. Junction. Figure 8 shows the gate voltage waveform in Figure 7. The principle of operation of this embodiment has been described in detail by the inventor, a Taiwan invention application number 139272, and therefore will not be described again here. The opening and closing of the (^ and Dd, the forward transistor Mf and the flywheel transistor Mw) of the conduction detector 4000 are as listed in Table 4.
Qd Dd Mf Mw 開啟期間 OFF OFF ON OFF 重置期間 ON OFF OFF ON 延遲期間 ON ON ON ON 表四 值得注意的是，順向電晶體Mf與飛輪電晶體Mw於延遲 期間仍然受導通偵測器4000所提供之待機電壓Vsb開啟，因 此降低整流器導通損失。 須特別強調本發明之倍流器電路亦可被用作主要電路以 驅動發明人之另二台灣發明申請號96135431及96139272所揭露 之從屬電路且亦可被應用於任何順向式轉換器，其可在二次側產生 與本發明相似之電壓波形。 以上所述之實施例僅係為說明本發明之技術思想及特 點，其目的在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本發明之内容 10 200929823 並據以實施，當不能以之限定 本發明所揭示之精神所作之&發明之專利範圍，即大凡依 發明之專利範圍内。 臾化或修飾，仍應涵羞在本 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖示習知具二極體整流倍流器 楚 _ 之嘴向式轉換器之電路圖。 第2圖示第i圖之電壓與電流波形圖。 〇 第3圖、第5嶋7圖分職示本發明之各種實施例之 圖、第ό圖與第8圖分別表示 電壓波形圖。 ”圖、第5圖與第7@之閉極 【主要元件符號說明】Qd Dd Mf Mw OFF period OFF OFF ON OFF During reset period ON OFF OFF ON Delay period ON ON ON ON Table 4 It is worth noting that the forward transistor Mf and the flywheel transistor Mw are still subjected to the conduction detector 4000 during the delay period. The supplied standby voltage Vsb is turned on, thus reducing the rectifier conduction loss. It should be particularly emphasized that the current doubler circuit of the present invention can also be used as a main circuit to drive the subordinate circuits disclosed in the inventors' inventions No. 96135431 and 96139272, and can also be applied to any forward converter. A voltage waveform similar to the present invention can be produced on the secondary side. The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and the features of the present invention, and the object of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention 10 200929823 and to implement the present invention. The scope of the patents made by the spirit of the invention is within the scope of the patent of the invention. Deuteration or modification, should still be ashamed in this [Simplified description of the diagram] The first diagram shows the circuit diagram of the nozzle-to-type converter with a diode rectifying current divider. The second diagram shows the voltage and current waveforms of the i-th diagram. 〇 Figures 3 and 5 show the diagrams of various embodiments of the present invention, and the first and eighth figures respectively show voltage waveform diagrams. "Figure, Figure 5 and the closing of the 7@ [Main component symbol description]
Vi(t) ' vLf(t) > V ( . 吨' V。、Vs⑴、Vs、Vsb 、Kt)、i〇(t) ' V3⑴、vD電塵 L f' Lw 電流 C〇' C4 電感 Np、Ns、N2、n3 電容 Mf' Mw 線圈 Qd 電晶體 Rdl ' Rd2 雙極電晶體 Di'D2^d4，d ^ Dd'Dr'Dw zd4 電阻 二極體 齊納二極體 200929823 Τ〇η 開啟時間 T reset 重置時間 Ts 切換週期 1000 變壓器 2000 信號分配器 3000 電位位移器 4000 導通偵測控制器 4100 導通偵測器 4200 導通控制器 ❹ 12Vi(t) ' vLf(t) > V ( . ton ' V., Vs(1), Vs, Vsb , Kt), i 〇(t) ' V3(1), vD electric dust L f' Lw current C〇' C4 inductance Np , Ns, N2, n3 Capacitor Mf' Mw Coil Qd Transistor Rdl ' Rd2 Bipolar transistor Di'D2^d4,d ^ Dd'Dr'Dw zd4 Resistor diode Zener diode 200929823 Τ〇η Turn on time T reset Reset time Ts Switching cycle 1000 Transformer 2000 Signal distributor 3000 Potential shifter 4000 Continuity detection controller 4100 Continuity detector 4200 Continuity controller ❹ 12