200918839 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明’是關於使用過熱蒸汽以實質上在無氧狀態下 ’將所要處理的對象物予以乾燥或是熱分解（包含碳化） 的熱處理裝置。 【先前技術】 以往，在處理從工廠或家庭所產生的廢棄物時，由於 基於能夠較廉價地處理大量的廢棄物之優點，而採用焚燒 法。又，在處理包含氟氯烷、PCB、三氯乙烯等對人體或 環境有害物質之對象物；或是在處理包含氯成分的廢塑膠 等之情形時，由於單純地進行燃燒處理會產生戴奧辛，所 以提案出具有能夠分解戴奧辛之反應區帶的燃燒處理法、 水熱反應法、電漿反應法等之各種方法。並且，在工廠進 行原料或製品之乾燥時，是使用由空氣或是氮氣等所成的 熱風來進行乾燥處理。 又，本發明者，如專利文獻1所記載，開發出熱處理 設備’該具有熱處理設備•具備有在內部噴出由高溫的過 熱蒸汽或是高溫燃燒氣體所成之高溫氣體的第1噴嘴配管 ’並於一方側具備處理原料第1投入部，於另一方側具備 藉由高溫氣體進行乾燥處理後之處理原料第1排出部的第 1旋黛（rotary kiln) •，及具備有在內部噴出超高溫過熱 蒸汽的第2噴嘴配管，並於一方側具備藉由第1旋窯進行 乾燥處理後的處理原料第2投入部，於另一方側具備藉由 -4- 200918839 超高溫過熱蒸汽進行加熱處理之處理原料第2排出部的第 2旋窯；及設於第2旋窯的第2排出部，將加熱處理後的 處理原料在無氧狀態下降溫到在大氣中不會自燃的非自燃 溫度後再排出外部的處理物排出機構，並且，處理物排出 機構係具有排出用螺旋式輸送機，並從排出用螺旋式輸送 機的入口側將被加熱處理後的處理原料充塡投入，並釋放 出充塡於第2旋窯的過熱蒸汽或是飽和蒸汽使排出螺旋式 輸送機內成爲無氧狀態。 又，該熱處理設備，是以風扇將排放氣體加壓並導入 燃燒爐，藉由利用輔助燃燒器，讓排放氣體中的可燃部分 全部燃燒，將燃燒爐的內部設爲大約8 0 0〜1 0 0 0 °C，來將 排放氣體所含的臭味等大致完全除去。並且，從燃燒爐排 出之接近8 5 0〜900 °C左右的燃燒排放氣體，利用其持有 熱以鍋爐及蒸汽加熱器進行熱交換，通過鍋爐及蒸汽加熱 器之後的排放氣體，直接釋放於大氣。 專利文獻1 :日本專利第3 6025 04號公報 【發明內容】 [發明所要解決之問題] 如前述，在專利文獻1所記載的熱處理設備中，雖是 藉由將燃燒排放氣體的持有熱利用在以鍋爐及蒸汽加熱器 之熱交換來進行有效率的運轉，但是經由配管將燃燒爐排 出的排放氣體輸送到鍋爐及蒸汽加熱器，就不能說是把在 燃燒爐的燃燒熱沒有浪費地利用。 -5- 200918839 在此，在本發明中，其目的是在提供一種熱處理裝置 ，其能夠有效地利用：讓所要處理之對象物進行熱處理時 所產生之排放氣體中的可燃部分燃燒並進行脫臭之燃燒爐 中的燃燒熱。 [發明解決問題之技術手段] 本發明之熱處理裝置，是藉由將過熱蒸汽注入於窯爐 內來將處理對象物乾燥或熱分解的熱處理裝置，其特徵爲 :將導入由上述窯爐所排出的排放氣體而讓該排放氣體中 的可燃部分燃燒並進行脫臭的燃燒爐，備置在上述窯爐的 外周面。 依據本發明之熱處理裝置，是藉由讓從窯爐所排出的 排放氣體中之可燃部分在窯爐的外周面燃燒並進行脫臭， 利用該燃燒熱從外周面來進行窯爐的預熱，藉此、將窯爐 內的溫度維持在預定溫度以上，可以有效率地進行藉由注 入過熱蒸汽所形成的乾燥或熱分解。 [發明效果] 依據本發明，利用讓由窯爐所排出的排放氣體中之可 燃部分予以燃燒時的燃燒熱，從外周面來進行窯爐的預熱 ，將窯爐內的溫度維持在預定溫度以上，可以效率良好地 進行藉由注入過熱蒸汽所形成的乾燥或熱分解，而能夠有 效地利用燃燒熱。 200918839 【實施方式】 [用以實施本發明的最佳實施形態] 於第1圖中，使用本發明之實施型態中之過熱蒸汽之 熱處理裝置1，係具備有：將水加熱作爲蒸汽，將該蒸汽 更進一步地加熱產生高溫之過熱蒸汽的鍋爐10、及加熱 由該鍋爐10所產生的高溫過熱蒸汽而產生超高溫過熱蒸 汽的蒸汽加熱器（超級加熱氣）1 1、及將所要處理之對象 物（處理對象物）予以乾燥或是熱分解的窯爐12、作爲 對窯爐1 2供給處理對象物之料斗1 3、及將乾燥或是熱分 解處理後的處理對象物排出的排出裝置1 4、以及使從窯 爐12所排出之排放氣體中之可燃部分燃燒並進行脫臭的 燃燒爐1 5。 鍋爐10，是將水加熱製成蒸汽，將該蒸汽更進一步 地加熱製成200〜700 °C的高溫過熱蒸汽者。從鍋爐10所 產生的過熱蒸汽，是藉由過熱蒸汽配管20而被供給至蒸 汽加熱器1 1。蒸汽加熱器Π，是將由過熱蒸汽配管20所 供給之200〜700 °C的高溫過熱蒸汽更進一步地加熱而成 爲400〜1000 °C的超高溫過熱蒸汽。由蒸汽加熱器11所 產生的過熱蒸汽，是藉由過熱蒸汽配管20而被供給到窯 爐12。又，於鍋爐10及蒸汽加熱器11連接有用來抽吸 各別之排放氣體再從排氣筒1 6排氣的鼓風機1 7。 過熱蒸汽配管21，是從窯爐12內的出口側（排出裝 置1 4側）到入口側（料斗1 3側）接連於以平行於軸心所 設置的噴嘴配管22。噴嘴配管22，是在周圍具有以預定 200918839 間隔之熱氣體噴出口（無圖示出）。將由蒸汽加熱器11 所產生的過熱蒸汽從該熱氣體噴出口供給至窯爐12內。 又’噴嘴配管22，並非必須以平行於軸心來設置，例如 配管成彎曲鋸齒狀亦佳。 又，在窯爐1 2內從料斗1 3供給作爲處理對象物之木 材屑、廚餘、雞糞、蓄糞、都市污泥、屎尿污泥、建設廢 材、食品廢棄物、含碳的廢塑膠等。被供給到窯爐1 2內 的處理對象物，是藉由噴嘴配管22所供給之超高溫的過 熱蒸汽而被高溫加熱，進而被乾燥或是被熱分解（碳化） 。又’窯爐12由於是在高溫下使用，其周圍是由耐熱材 料（例如’不銹鋼或耐熱鋼）等所構成，於其內部，則貼 著具有強度的耐熱耐磨耗性陶瓷材等。 排出裝置1 4，是將加熱後的處理對象物在無氧狀態 下’使其溫度降溫至在大氣中不會燃燒的溫度（亦即，非 自燃溫度）再排出至外部者。雖無圖示出來，排出裝置 14’例如’是由全長大約3m的螺旋式輸送機所構成，將 加熱後的處理對象物慢慢地一邊冷卻一邊搬運，使之降溫 至非自燃溫度以下並排出。 另一方面，在窯爐12內所利用的過熱蒸汽爲120 °C 前後’藉由抽引用配管23而被供給往燃燒爐1 5。在該排 放氣體中’包含有處理對象物受到過熱分解所產生的可燃 性氣體（乾餾氣體）。該排放氣體，係以風扇加壓至大約 3kPa (約3 00mmAq ;相對壓力）左右，然後被供給往燃 燒爐1 5。 -8- 200918839 燃燒爐15，是將窯爐12的外周面作爲其一壁面來形 成，使由窯爐1 2所排出之排放氣體中之可燃部分燃燒並 進行脫臭。於燃燒爐1 5設有輔助燃燒器1 8，故被供給到 窯爐12之排放氣體中之可燃部分可全部燃燒。藉此，將 燃燒爐1 5的內部設爲大約 8 0 0〜1 〇 〇 〇 °C (理想爲8 5 0〜 900 °C )，可以將排放氣體中所含有的臭味等大致完全除 去。又，在燃燒爐1 5，因應必要性，可以進行一次燃燒 用空氣或是氧氣的供給。又，處理對象物爲木材屑片之情 形時，由於在排放氣體中混入有大量的可燃燒氣體，在燃 燒爐中此物可成爲燃料，而可以顯著地節省來自於輔助燃 燒器1 8的燃料。 又，該燃燒爐15，由於是以窯爐12的外周面作爲其 一壁面來形成，藉由使該排放氣體燃燒時所產生的熱，使 窯爐12的外周面被加熱在大約800〜1000 °C的範圍。亦 即，藉由該排放氣體的燃燒熱而使窯爐1 2被施以預熱， 而使得窯爐1 2內的溫度維持在預定溫度以上。以往的熱 處理裝置，窯爐的溫度若是沒有上昇，即使送入高溫的過 熱蒸汽，溫度也會立即下降，由於難以進行處理對象物的 乾燥或是熱分解，因此有必要進行預熱，而本實施形態中 之熱處理裝置1，不用進行該項預熱，就能夠效率良好的 進行處理對象物的乾燥或是熱分解。 從燃燒爐15排出之850〜900 °C附近的燃燒排放氣體 ，經由旋風器（cyclone ) 19由抽引用配管24而被供給往 蒸汽加熱器U，並利用其持有熱在鍋爐1 〇及蒸汽加熱器 -9- 200918839 11進行熱交換，來產生高溫及超高溫的過熱蒸汽。通過 鍋爐10及蒸汽加熱器11的排放氣體，由鼓風機17所抽 吸’然後從排氣筒1 6釋放於大氣。又，由於此排放氣體 中仍具有持有熱，是能夠作爲將水預熱等的能量源來使用 〇 如以上所述，於本實施形態中之熱處理裝置1，藉由 讓從窯爐所排出的排放氣體中之可燃燒部分燃燒時的燃燒 熱，從外周面實施窯爐的預熱，將窯爐內的溫度維持在預 定溫度以上，可以有效率地進行藉由注入過熱蒸汽所形成 的乾燥或熱分解，因此能夠有效地利用燃燒熱。 [產業上之可利用性] 本發明的熱處理裝置，除了液體及氣體，對於作爲將 例如在一般家庭、工廠或料理店等所產生的廚餘、使用過 的紙尿布、在燃燒時溶液產生戴奧辛的廢棄塑膠及其他塑 膠類、家畜糞及人糞、由下水道處理廠產生的污泥殘渣之 1種或2種以上所成的廢棄物等，予以乾燥或包含炭化之 予以熱分解的裝置是十分有用的。又，本發明的熱處理裝 置’亦可以適用在將由工廠等所使用的各種有機物或無機 物所成的原料或製品之乾燥、或熱分解上。又，本發明的 熱處理裝置基本上雖爲連續處理設備，但也可以容易地進 行批次處理。 【圖式簡單說明】 -10- 200918839 第1圖是使用本發明之實施型態中之過熱蒸汽之熱處 理裝置的槪略構成圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :熱處理裝置 1 0 :鍋爐 1 1 :蒸汽加熱器 1 2 :窯爐 1 3 :料斗 1 4 :排出裝置 1 5 :燃燒爐 1 6 :排氣筒 1 7、B :鼓風機 1 8 :輔助燃燒器 1 9、C :旋風器 20、21 :過熱蒸汽配管 22 :噴嘴配管 23、24 :抽引用配管 -11 -BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat treatment apparatus that uses superheated steam to dry or thermally decompose (including carbonization) an object to be processed substantially in an oxygen-free state. [Prior Art] Conventionally, when processing waste generated from factories or households, the incineration method is employed because of the advantage of being able to process a large amount of waste at a relatively low cost. In addition, when dealing with an object containing a substance harmful to human body or the environment such as chlorofluorocarbon, PCB, or trichloroethylene, or when processing a waste plastic containing a chlorine component, dioxin is produced by simply performing combustion treatment. Therefore, various methods such as a combustion treatment method, a hydrothermal reaction method, a plasma reaction method, and the like which can decompose the reaction zone of dioxin are proposed. Further, when the raw material or the product is dried in the factory, it is dried by using hot air such as air or nitrogen. In addition, as described in Patent Document 1, the inventors of the present invention have developed a heat treatment apparatus which has a first heat treatment apparatus and a first nozzle pipe which has a high temperature gas which is formed by superheated steam or high temperature combustion gas inside. The first input unit of the processing material is provided on one side, and the first rotation unit of the first discharge unit of the raw material after the drying treatment by the high-temperature gas is provided on the other side, and the ultra-high temperature is sprayed inside. The second nozzle pipe of the superheated steam is provided with a second input unit for processing the raw material which is dried by the first rotary kiln on one side, and is heated by the ultrahigh temperature superheated steam of -4-200918839 on the other side. The second rotary kiln for processing the second discharge portion of the raw material; and the second discharge portion of the second rotary kiln, after the heat-treated state of the raw material after the heat treatment is lowered to a non-self-ignition temperature which does not spontaneously ignite in the atmosphere The external treatment discharge mechanism is discharged, and the treatment discharge mechanism has a discharge screw conveyor and is heated from the inlet side of the discharge screw conveyor. The raw material to be processed is charged and discharged, and the superheated steam or saturated steam charged in the second rotary kiln is released to make the discharge spiral conveyor into an anaerobic state. Further, in the heat treatment apparatus, the exhaust gas is pressurized by the fan and introduced into the combustion furnace, and the combustible portion of the exhaust gas is completely burned by using the auxiliary burner, and the inside of the combustion furnace is set to be about 800 to 1 0. At 0 0 °C, the odor and the like contained in the exhaust gas are almost completely removed. Moreover, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace and which is close to about 850 to 900 °C is directly exchanged by the heat of the boiler and the steam heater by the holding heat, and is discharged directly through the exhaust gas after the boiler and the steam heater. atmosphere. [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, in the heat treatment apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the heat of use of the combustion exhaust gas is utilized. In the efficient operation of the heat exchange between the boiler and the steam heater, the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace is sent to the boiler and the steam heater via the piping, so that it cannot be said that the combustion heat in the combustion furnace is not wasted. . -5- 200918839 Here, in the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment apparatus which can effectively utilize: combusting and deodorizing a combustible portion of an exhaust gas generated when a object to be processed is subjected to heat treatment The heat of combustion in the furnace. [Technical means for solving the problem of the invention] The heat treatment apparatus of the present invention is a heat treatment apparatus for drying or thermally decomposing an object to be treated by injecting superheated steam into a kiln, characterized in that the introduction is performed by the kiln. The combustion furnace that discharges the combustible gas and burns the combustible portion of the exhaust gas and deodorizes it is placed on the outer peripheral surface of the kiln. According to the heat treatment apparatus of the present invention, the combustible portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the kiln is burned and deodorized on the outer peripheral surface of the kiln, and the combustion heat is used to preheat the kiln from the outer peripheral surface. Thereby, the temperature in the kiln is maintained at a predetermined temperature or higher, and drying or thermal decomposition by injection of superheated steam can be efficiently performed. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, the kiln is preheated from the outer peripheral surface by using the combustion heat when the combustible portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the kiln is burned, and the temperature in the kiln is maintained at a predetermined temperature. As described above, the drying or thermal decomposition by the injection of the superheated steam can be efficiently performed, and the heat of combustion can be effectively utilized. [Embodiment] [Best Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention] In Fig. 1, a heat treatment apparatus 1 for superheated steam according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with heating water as steam. The steam further heats the boiler 10 that generates high-temperature superheated steam, and a steam heater (superheated gas) that heats the high-temperature superheated steam generated by the boiler 10 to generate ultra-high temperature superheated steam, and the The kiln 12 in which the object (the object to be treated) is dried or thermally decomposed, the hopper 13 that supplies the object to be treated in the kiln 12, and the discharge device that discharges the object to be treated after drying or thermal decomposition treatment 14. A combustion furnace 15 for burning and deodorizing the combustible portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the kiln 12. The boiler 10 is a person who heats water to form steam and further heats the steam to a high temperature superheated steam of 200 to 700 °C. The superheated steam generated from the boiler 10 is supplied to the steam heater 11 by the superheated steam pipe 20. The steam heater 更 is an ultra-high temperature superheated steam which is further heated by a high-temperature superheated steam of 200 to 700 ° C supplied from the superheated steam pipe 20 to be 400 to 1000 °C. The superheated steam generated by the steam heater 11 is supplied to the kiln 12 by the superheated steam pipe 20. Further, a blower 17 for sucking each of the exhaust gases and exhausting them from the exhaust pipe 16 is connected to the boiler 10 and the steam heater 11. The superheated steam pipe 21 is connected from the outlet side (the discharge device 14 side) to the inlet side (the hopper 13 side) in the kiln 12 to the nozzle pipe 22 provided parallel to the axial center. The nozzle pipe 22 is a hot gas discharge port (not shown) having a predetermined interval of 200918839. The superheated steam generated by the steam heater 11 is supplied into the kiln 12 from the hot gas discharge port. Further, the nozzle pipe 22 is not necessarily provided in parallel with the axis, and it is also preferable that the pipe is formed in a curved zigzag shape. In addition, in the kiln 12, wood chips, kitchen waste, chicken manure, manure, municipal sludge, urine sludge, construction waste materials, food waste, and carbon-containing waste are supplied as objects to be treated from the hopper 13. Plastic and so on. The object to be treated, which is supplied to the kiln 12, is heated at a high temperature by the ultra-high temperature superheated steam supplied from the nozzle pipe 22, and is dried or thermally decomposed (carbonized). Further, the kiln 12 is used at a high temperature, and is surrounded by a heat-resistant material (for example, 'stainless steel or heat-resistant steel), and a heat-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic material having strength is attached to the inside. The discharge device 14 is a temperature at which the object to be heated is heated in an oxygen-free state to a temperature at which it is not combusted in the atmosphere (i.e., non-self-ignition temperature) and is discharged to the outside. Though not shown, the discharge device 14' is configured, for example, by a screw conveyor having a total length of about 3 m, and conveys the object to be processed while being cooled, and then cools it to a temperature other than the non-ignition temperature and discharges it. . On the other hand, the superheated steam used in the kiln 12 is supplied to the combustion furnace 15 by drawing the piping 23 before and after the temperature of 120 °C. In the exhaust gas, 'the combustible gas (dry gas) generated by the decomposition of the object to be treated is contained. The exhaust gas is pressurized by a fan to about 3 kPa (about 300 mmAq; relative pressure) and then supplied to the combustion furnace 15. -8- 200918839 The combustion furnace 15 is formed by using the outer peripheral surface of the kiln 12 as one wall surface, and combusts the flammable portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the kiln 12 to deodorize it. An auxiliary burner 18 is provided in the combustion furnace 15, so that the combustible portion supplied to the exhaust gas of the kiln 12 can be completely burned. Thereby, the inside of the combustion furnace 15 is set to about 8000 ° C ( 〇 ° C (ideally, 850 ° to 900 ° C), and the odor or the like contained in the exhaust gas can be almost completely removed. Further, in the combustion furnace 15, it is possible to supply the combustion air or oxygen once for necessity. Further, in the case where the object to be treated is a wood chip, since a large amount of combustible gas is mixed in the exhaust gas, the object can become a fuel in the combustion furnace, and fuel from the auxiliary burner 18 can be remarkably saved. . Further, the combustion furnace 15 is formed by using the outer peripheral surface of the kiln 12 as one wall surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the kiln 12 is heated at about 800 to 1000 by the heat generated when the exhaust gas is burned. The range of °C. That is, the kiln 12 is preheated by the heat of combustion of the exhaust gas, so that the temperature in the kiln 12 is maintained above a predetermined temperature. In the conventional heat treatment apparatus, if the temperature of the kiln does not rise, even if high-temperature superheated steam is supplied, the temperature immediately drops, and since it is difficult to dry or thermally decompose the object to be processed, it is necessary to perform preheating. In the heat treatment apparatus 1 in the form, it is possible to efficiently perform drying or thermal decomposition of the object to be processed without performing the preheating. The combustion exhaust gas in the vicinity of 850 to 900 ° C discharged from the combustion furnace 15 is supplied to the steam heater U via the cyclone 19 by means of a cyclone 19, and is used to hold heat in the boiler 1 and steam. Heater-9- 200918839 11 performs heat exchange to produce high temperature and ultra high temperature superheated steam. The exhaust gas passing through the boiler 10 and the steam heater 11 is sucked by the blower 17 and then released from the exhaust pipe 16 to the atmosphere. Further, since the exhaust gas still has heat, it can be used as an energy source for preheating water or the like. As described above, the heat treatment apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is discharged from the kiln. The combustion heat in the combustible portion of the exhaust gas is preheated from the outer peripheral surface to maintain the temperature in the kiln at a predetermined temperature or higher, and the drying by injecting the superheated steam can be efficiently performed. Or thermal decomposition, so the heat of combustion can be effectively utilized. [Industrial Applicability] The heat treatment device of the present invention produces, for example, a kitchen waste, a used paper diaper, or a solution during combustion, which is produced by a liquid or a gas, in the case of a general household, a factory, a restaurant, or the like. The waste plastics and other plastics, livestock manure and human manure, and wastes of one or more kinds of sludge residues produced by the sewerage treatment plant are dried or contain carbonized and thermally decomposed. useful. Further, the heat treatment apparatus ‘ of the present invention can be applied to drying or thermal decomposition of a raw material or a product made of various organic or inorganic materials used in factories and the like. Further, although the heat treatment apparatus of the present invention is basically a continuous processing apparatus, batch processing can be easily performed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS -10-200918839 Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat treatment apparatus using superheated steam in an embodiment of the present invention. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Heat treatment device 1 0 : Boiler 1 1 : Steam heater 1 2 : Kiln 1 3 : Hopper 1 4 : Discharge device 1 5 : Burning furnace 1 6 : Exhaust pipe 1 7 , B : Blower 1 8 : Auxiliary burner 1 9 , C : Cyclone 20 , 21 : Superheated steam piping 22 : Nozzle piping 23 , 24 : Reference piping -11 -