200900697 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體上有關於一種偵測空氣或水中顆粒的方法 與系統’特別是有關於用來偵測空氣或水中顆粒並且將測 得顆粒加以分類（classify)的方法與系統。本發明在偵測與 分類過敏原及生物性戰爭試劑上特別有用，以下將針對此 一用途來說明本發明，但本發明亦可用於其他用途。 【先前技術】 涉及施放諸如炭疽桿菌等生物性戰爭試劑的都會恐怖 攻擊活動是目前備受關懷的問題。由於武器化的炭疽桿菌 孢子能夠進入人體肺部，故極危險。對人類而言，炭疽椁 菌孢子的致死吸入量LD50(足以殺死50%暴露於該菌中之 人類的劑量）估計約2500至50000個孢子，參閱 T.V. Inglesby等人於1999年發表餘JAMA期刊第281卷第1735 頁中標題為「Anthrax as a Biological Weapon」一文。其 他可能的武器化生物試劑還有鼠疫桿菌（yersinia pestis)、 肉毒桿菌（Clostridium botulinum)與土倫法蘭西司桿菌法 (franeisella tularensis)。鑒於此潛在咸脅，目前需要一種 早期警報系統以偵測此類攻擊活動。在醫療、健康與食品 工業中’使用能偵測環境微生物量的即時偵測器有利於公 共衛生與品質的控制及管理。例如，非腸胃道藥物製造商 需要監控其無菌室中的微生物濃度。在這些應用中，能立 即偵測環境中之微生物的設備將會是一項有力的工具，並 5 200900697 且比起需要等待數天讓微生物生長以進行偵測的傳統培養 皿培養法來說更加有益。 顆粒尺寸測量法以及紫外光誘導發光偵測法已用來偵 測空氣中的生物物質。有多項專利描述這些技術可作為偵 測釋放生物武器試劑之恐怖攻擊活動的早期警報器。這些 裝置是由MIT的Lincoln實驗室所發展出來的生物試劑警 報感應器（BAWS)、由Ho等人所提出的螢光生物顆粒偵測 系統（Jim yew-Wah Ho，美國專利案 5701012、5895922 與 683 1279 號）、由 Minnesota 的 TSI 所提出的 FLAPS 與 UV-APS 裝置（Peter P. Hairston 與 Frederick R. Quant，美 國專利案5,999,250號）以及Silcott所發表之螢光感測器 (美國專利案6,885,44〇號）。 T.H. Jeys等人揭示一種使用脈衝紫外光雷射來誘導 勞光的生物感測器（T.H. Jeys，et al·，Proc· IRIS Active Systems, vo 1. 1, p.235，1 998)。此感測器能偵測每公升空 氣中五種顆粒的空氣懸浮浪度（aerosol concentration)，但 其設備昂貴又易碎。而諸如美萬儀器公司（Met One Instrument, Inc, of Grants Pass, Oregon)、顆粒測量系統公 司（Particle Measurement Systems, Inc., of Boulder, Colorado)以及泰拉全球股份有限公司（Terra Universal Corp.，of Anaheim, California)則揭示了其.他數種顆粒計 數器。 目前已設計出各種感測器來偵測空氣中的過敏原顆 粒，並且當空氣樣品中的顆粒數量超過一預定最小數量時 6 200900697 對過敏體質的個體提出警告。這些感測器 Hamburger 等人的美國專利案 5646597、 5986555 、 6008729 、 6087947 與 7053783 號 器皆涉及引導光束通過一環境空氣樣品，使 線被空氣中的顆粒散射掉，並且包含一光束 僅有以一預定角度範圍散射的光線通過，該 相應於一預定過敏原尺寸，以及還具有一偵 該通過的光線。 【發明内容】 為了偵測空氣或水中的微生物，須要發展 系統’其能同時測量顆粒尺寸與微生物自身所 營光。本發明提供一種偵測系統，其能逐個释 量顆粒尺寸以及偵測來自代謝物或其他生物分 光。相較於傳統技術，此偵測方法具有數種優 優點是，該系統能提供鑑別顆粒的測量方法以 而非依賴習知技術中用於顆粒識別的統計模式 測量方法比習知方法更能夠明確地指出顆粒相 賴統汁模式。其亦可減少微生物偵測誤判的月 可將尺寸大於微生物的花粉以及尺寸小於微生 :排除在偵測範圍之外。再者，It系統亦允奇 —單獨顆粒上所收集到的數據以鑑定該顆粒， 粒的營光訊號強度與顆粒戴面或體積有關，c 的生物狀態。 揭示於授予 5969622 、 '。這些感測 -一部分的光 -檔器用以讓 i定角度範圍 '器用以偵測 出一種有效 產生出來的 粒地同時測 子的自身螢 點。其中一 識別顆粒， °該鑑別性 'It且較不依 能性，例如 物的煙霧顆 、細節分析從 例如來自顆 剛定該顆粒 7 200900697 本發明包含三種主要構件：（1) 一第一光學系統’用以 測量一單獨顆粒的尺寸；（2) —第二光學系統，用以偵測來 自該單獨顆粒的紫外光誘導發光的自身螢光訊號；以及（3) 一用以將顆粒尺寸與螢光強度指派給一單獨顆粒的數據紀 錄格式（data recording format)，以及電腦可讀程式碼’用 以區分（differentiating)微生物與非微生物’非微生物係例 如惰性灰塵顆粒。 本發明之光學組件具有兩種光學子組件：（a)—光學 機構（〇 p t i c a 1 s e t u p)以測量顆粒尺寸’舉例而言’本發明一 較佳實施例中以新的方式來使用該習知且常用的米氏散射 偵測機構（Mie scattering detection scheme)，使的該系統能 夠高度精準地測量空氣中尺寸介於0.5微米至2 0微米之間 的顆粒。由於不同種類的微生物具有不同的顆粒尺寸範 圍’因此能夠良好區分顆粒尺寸的能力是很重要的，其能 用以判定微生物的種類；（b)測量顆粒尺寸的同時，一光 學設備用來測定來自該待測顆粒的螢光量，舉例來說，本 發明較佳實施例中使用一橢圓鏡’其設置用來收集從該已 測量尺寸之同一顆粒所發出的螢光。 【實施方式】 第4圖顯示一光學系統的示意圖，其可用於根據本發 明第一示範實施例的流體顇粒偵測系統。使系統的第一示 範實施例係設計例如用來偵測恐怖份子或他人釋放在空氣 或水中的生物試劑，但亦可用來偵測空氣中自然存在、意 8 200900697 外、不慎或刻意釋出之黴菌或細菌等有害顆粒濃度等通常 用途，或者應用於諸如食品與藥物製造工廠及無菌室等工 業應用用途。 「流體懸浮顆粒（fluid borne particles)」一詞在此處 係指空氣懸浮顆粒與水中懸浮顆粒兩種。 「病原體（Pathogen)」一詞在此係指任何空氣或水中 懸浮顆粒、生物試劑或有毒物質，如果該等顆粒在空氣或 水中存在足夠數量’則可能傷害或甚至殺死暴露於該等顆 粒中的人類。 「生物試劑（biological agent)」一詞係定義為任何微 生物（microorganism)、病原體或感染性物質（infecti〇us substance)、毒素、生物毒素，或是微生物、病原體或感染 性物質的任何天然、生物工程或人工合成成分，而不論其 來源或製造方法為何。此類生物試劑包括例如生物毒性、 細菌、病毒 '立克次體（rickettsiae)、孢子、真菌以及單細 胞動物（pr〇t〇zoa，原生動物）以及其他習知物種。 「生物毒素（Biological toxins)」一詞係指從活植物、 動物或微生物所生產或衍生出， 衍生出’但也可藉由化學方法製造200900697 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to a method and system for detecting particles in air or water, particularly relating to the detection of particles in air or water and the classification of measured particles. (classify) methods and systems. The present invention is particularly useful in the detection and classification of allergens and biological warfare agents. The invention will be described below for this purpose, but the invention may also be used for other purposes. [Prior Art] Metropolitan terrorist attacks involving the application of biological warfare agents such as Bacillus anthracis are currently a concern. As weaponized Bacillus anthracis spores can enter the human lungs, it is extremely dangerous. For humans, the lethal inhalation LD50 of anthrax spores (a dose sufficient to kill 50% of humans exposed to the bacteria) is estimated to be between 2,500 and 50,000 spores. See TV Inglesby et al., 1999, JAMA Journal Volume 281, page 1735, is entitled "Anthrax as a Biological Weapon". Other possible weapon biological agents are yersinia pestis, Clostridium botulinum and franeisella tularensis. In view of this potential salty threat, an early warning system is currently needed to detect such attacks. The use of instant detectors capable of detecting environmental microbial populations in the medical, health and food industries facilitates public health and quality control and management. For example, manufacturers of parenteral drugs need to monitor the concentration of microorganisms in their sterile rooms. In these applications, devices that immediately detect microbes in the environment will be a powerful tool, and 5 200900697 is more traditional than the traditional culture dish culture method that requires several days to grow microbes for detection. Good. Particle size measurements and UV-induced luminescence detection have been used to detect biological material in the air. A number of patents describe these techniques as early warning agents for terrorist attacks that detect the release of biological weapons agents. These devices are biological reagent alarm sensors (BAWS) developed by Lincoln Laboratories of MIT, and fluorescent bioparticle detection systems proposed by Ho et al. (Jim yew-Wah Ho, U.S. Patent No. 5,701101, 5895922 and 683 1279), FLAPS and UV-APS devices proposed by TSI of Minnesota (Peter P. Hairston and Frederick R. Quant, US Patent No. 5,999,250) and fluorescent sensors published by Silcott (US Patent 6,885) , 44 )). T.H. Jeys et al. disclose a biosensor that uses pulsed ultraviolet lasers to induce burn light (T.H. Jeys, et al., Proc. IRIS Active Systems, vo 1. 1, p. 235, 1 998). The sensor detects the aerosol concentration of five particles per liter of air, but the equipment is expensive and fragile. And such as Met One Instrument, Inc. of Grants Pass, Oregon, Particle Measurement Systems, Inc., of Boulder, Colorado, and Terra Universal Corp. Of Anaheim, California) reveals several of his particle counters. Various sensors have been designed to detect allergen particles in the air, and when the number of particles in the air sample exceeds a predetermined minimum number 6 200900697 warns individuals with allergies. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,646,597, 5,986,555, 6,008,729, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The light scattered by the predetermined angular range passes, which corresponds to a predetermined allergen size, and also has a light that is detected to pass. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to detect microorganisms in air or water, it is necessary to develop a system that can simultaneously measure the particle size and the light that the microorganisms themselves operate. The present invention provides a detection system that can modulate particle size one by one and detect spectrometry or other bio-spectroscopy. Compared with the conventional technology, this detection method has several advantages in that the system can provide a measurement method for discriminating particles instead of relying on the statistical mode measurement method for particle identification in the prior art, which is more clear than the conventional method. The ground points out that the particles are in the same way. It can also reduce the number of months of micro-detection misjudgment. Pollen larger than microbes and smaller than micro-small: excluded from detection. Furthermore, the It system also allows the data collected on individual particles to identify the particle, the intensity of the light signal of the grain is related to the particle surface or volume, and the biological state of c. Revealed in grant 5969622, '. These sensing - part of the light-gearer is used to allow the i-angle range to be used to detect an effective fire-generating particle at the same time. One of the identification particles, ° the discriminating 'It and less responsive, such as the smoke particles of the object, the detail analysis from, for example, from the particle just 7 the 200900697 invention comprises three main components: (1) a first optical system 'to measure the size of a single particle; (2) a second optical system for detecting ultraviolet light-induced luminescence from the individual particles; and (3) one for particle size and firefly The light intensity is assigned to a separate particle data recording format, and the computer readable code 'is used to differentiate microorganisms from non-microbial 'non-microbial systems such as inert dust particles. The optical assembly of the present invention has two optical subassemblies: (a) an optical mechanism (〇ptica 1 setup) to measure particle size 'exemplary' in a preferred manner in a preferred embodiment of the invention. The commonly used Mie scattering detection scheme enables the system to measure particles in the air between 0.5 microns and 20 microns in a highly accurate manner. Since different types of microorganisms have different particle size ranges', it is important to be able to distinguish the particle size well, which can be used to determine the type of microorganism; (b) while measuring the particle size, an optical device is used to determine the The amount of fluorescence of the particles to be tested, for example, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, uses an elliptical mirror that is configured to collect the fluorescence emitted by the same particle of the measured size. [Embodiment] Fig. 4 is a view showing an optical system which can be used for a fluid particle detecting system according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The first exemplary embodiment of the system is designed, for example, to detect biological agents released by terrorists or others in air or water, but can also be used to detect natural presence in the air, intentionally or intentionally released. It is used for general purposes such as the concentration of harmful particles such as mold or bacteria, or for industrial applications such as food and drug manufacturing plants and sterile rooms. The term "fluid borne particles" as used herein refers to both airborne particles and suspended particles in water. The term "Pathogen" as used herein means any suspended particles, biological agents or toxic substances in air or water which, if present in the air or in water, may harm or even kill exposure to such particles. Human. The term "biological agent" is defined as any microorganism, pathogen or infectious substance (infecti〇us substance), toxin, biotoxin, or any natural or biological organism of a microorganism, pathogen or infectious substance. Engineering or synthetic ingredients, regardless of their source or method of manufacture. Such biological agents include, for example, biological toxicity, bacteria, viruses 'rickettsiae, spores, fungi, and monocytogenes (pr〇t〇zoa, protozoa) and other conventional species. "Biological toxins" means the production or derivation of a living plant, animal or microorganism, but can also be produced by chemical means.
9 200900697 (tetanus toxins)、 金黃色葡萄球菌 B 型腸毒素 (staphylococcal enterotoxin B)、黴菌毒素（tricothocene mycotoxins)、箆麻毒素（ricin)、貝毒素（saxitoxin)、志賀 菌素（Shiga)與類志賀菌素、綠樹眼鏡蛇毒（dendrotoxins)、 扁尾蛇毒素（erabutoxin b)以及其他習知毒素 本發明偵測系統係設計用來偵測空氣或水中懸浮顆 粒，並且產生多個輸出值以指示例如偵測樣品中各種顆粒 尺寸範圍内的顆粒數量，以及指示該等顆粒是生物性或非 生物性顆粒。若顆粒的數量及/或生物有機體、生物試劑與 潛在危險物質超過一高於正常背景濃度之預定數值時，該 系統亦可產生一警示訊號或其他反應。 第4圖顯示根據本發明實施例之流體顆粒偵測系統 1〇。如第4圖所示，該系統1〇包含一紫外光（UV)激發光 源1 2 ’例如能提供電磁輻射束1 4的雷射且具有紫外光波 長。該UV光源可加以選擇，使其具有能夠激發微生物内 部代謝物質之自身螢光的波長。舉例而言，該激發光源1 2 的較佳操作波長介於約270奈米（nm)至約4 1 0奈米之間、 或較佳介於約3 5 0奈米至約4 1 0奈米之間。可假設該些微 生物包含三種主要代謝物：色胺酸（tryptophan)，其正常螢 光約270奈米且範圍介於約220至約300奈米；菸醯胺腺 不吟一核皆（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NADH)， 其正常螢光約340奈米且範圍約介於320至約420奈米之 間’以及核黃素（riboflavin)，其正常螢光約為400奈米且 範圍介於約3 2 0奈米至約4 2 0奈米之間，故可選擇介於約 10 200900697 2 7 0至約4 1 0奈米的波長。然而較佳者，該激發光源丨2具 有介於約350至約410奈米之間的波長。此波長確保能激 發生物試劑中三種主要代謝物中的其中兩種，即NADH與 核黃酸’但不會與諸如來自柴油引擎廢氣與如灰塵或爽身 粉等其他惰性顆粒之間發生干擾的情形。因此，在本發明 一較佳實施例中可根據能夠激發NADH與核黃素（或激發 色胺酸）之螢光同時不會發生如柴油引擎廢氣之干擾激發 情形的能力來選擇激發光源1 2的波長範圍。此步驟是用來 減少因柴油廢氣所造成的誤報機率，其中柴油廢氣的紫外 光激發波長為266奈米。 在第4圖所繪示的系統1 〇中，係透過一顆粒採樣喷嘴 1 6將環境空氣或液體樣品注入該系統中。喷嘴1 6在其中 間區段具有一開孔1 8，以允許雷射光束通過該顆粒流。該 雷射光束下游是一米氏散射顆粒尺寸偵測器（Mie scattering particle-size detector)20。米氏散射顆粒尺寸偵 測器20包含一光束阻擋鏡22、一準直器透鏡24(collimator lens)以及一聚光鏡26，用以將一部分的光束14聚焦在顆 粒偵測器2 8上。 偏離該雷射光束 14之轴處，一橢圓鏡（elliptical mirror) 3 0設置在顆粒採樣區域處，如此一來，該注入顆粒 流與該雷射光束的相交點係位在該橢圓之兩交點的其中一 交點處，同時一螢光偵測器32(在此範例中為光電倍增管） 則佔據在另一交點處。此種設計係利用從該橢圓鏡兩交點 其中一者發出的光源點將會聚焦至另一交點上的原理所設 11 200900697 計而得。在此種光學設計中’橢圓鏡30將來自微生物的螢 光訊號集中起來，並將之聚焦在螢光摘測器32上。光學渡 片（filter)34設置於該螢光偵測器的前方，以阻擔已散射的 紫外光，並使誘發出來螢光通過該濾片。 光束阻擋鏡22係設計用以反射該雷射光束14的非 散射先部分並具有諸如乙烯系的材料黏附在一前表面上’ 以反射調該電磁輻射束中的非散射部分。該光束阻擋鏡22 的其他特徵與考量揭示於如上所列之Hamburger等人的較 早美國專利案中，以及PCT申請案PCT/US200602763 8號 中’在此以引用方式納入該等參考文獻以供參考。 該顆粒偵測器 20可包含例如一光電二極管 (photodiode)，用以測定顆粒尺寸，例如於上述Hamburger 等人的美國美國專利案中所述者’並將該等文獻以引用方 式納入本文中。 本發明使用米氏散射亦有例於光學構件的配置，用於 偵測紫外光發光作用以同時檢查單獨顆粒是否存在有 NADH、核黃素等代謝物及其他生物分子，這些代謝物是 活有機體之代謝作用中的必要中間產物，因此其會存在於 諸如細菌與真菌等微生物中。若有這些化學物質存在於生 物懸浮物中，則該些物質會被紫外光子能量所激發，隨後 會放出自身螢光而可利用根據上述偵測系統所做成之設備 來測量之。雖然上述機構不能識別微生物的屬別或種類， 並且病毒亦因顆粒太小且缺乏用以偵測的代謝作用，因此 該偵測系統還能同時測量每個顆粒的尺寸，並且根據是否 12 200900697 測出微生物性或惰性顆粒，會指示使用者是否發生微生物 污染。9 200900697 (tetanus toxins), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, tricothocene mycotoxins, ricin, saxitoxin, Shiga and Shiga The bacteriocin, dendrotoxins, erabutoxin b, and other conventional toxins of the present invention are designed to detect suspended particles in air or water and produce multiple output values to indicate, for example, The number of particles in various particle size ranges in the sample is detected and the particles are indicated as biological or abiotic particles. The system may also generate a warning signal or other reaction if the number of particles and/or biological organisms, biological agents and potentially hazardous substances exceed a predetermined value above the normal background concentration. Figure 4 shows a fluid particle detection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, the system 1 includes an ultraviolet (UV) excitation light source 1 2 ', for example, which provides a laser beam of electromagnetic radiation 14 and has an ultraviolet wavelength. The UV light source can be selected to have a wavelength that stimulates the self-fluorescence of the metabolic material within the microorganism. For example, the preferred operating wavelength of the excitation source 12 is between about 270 nanometers (nm) and about 4,100 nanometers, or preferably between about 305 nanometers and about 4,100 nanometers. between. It can be assumed that the microorganisms contain three major metabolites: tryptophan, which has a normal fluorescence of about 270 nm and ranges from about 220 to about 300 nm; the nicotinamide gland does not have a nucleus (nicotinamide adenine). Dinucleotide, NADH), which has a normal fluorescence of about 340 nm and a range of between about 320 and about 420 nm 'and riboflavin, which has a normal fluorescence of about 400 nm and a range of about 3 Between 20 nm and about 4 200 nm, a wavelength of about 10 200900697 2 7 0 to about 4 1 0 nm can be selected. Preferably, however, the excitation source 丨2 has a wavelength between about 350 and about 410 nm. This wavelength ensures that two of the three major metabolites in the biological reagent, namely NADH and riboflavin, are not excited, but do not interfere with interference from diesel engine exhaust gases and other inert particles such as dust or talcum powder. . Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the excitation light source 1 2 can be selected according to the ability to excite the fluorescence of NADH and riboflavin (or excited tryptophan acid) without causing an interference excitation situation such as diesel engine exhaust gas. The wavelength range. This step is used to reduce the chance of false alarms caused by diesel exhaust, which has a UV excitation wavelength of 266 nm. In the system 1 绘 depicted in Figure 4, an ambient air or liquid sample is injected into the system through a particle sampling nozzle 16. Nozzle 16 has an opening 18 in its intermediate section to allow a laser beam to flow through the particle. Downstream of the laser beam is a Mie scattering particle size detector 20. The Mie scattering particle size detector 20 includes a beam blocking mirror 22, a collimator lens 24, and a concentrating mirror 26 for focusing a portion of the beam 14 onto the particle detector 28. Deviating from the axis of the laser beam 14, an elliptical mirror 30 is disposed at the particle sampling region, such that the intersection of the injected particle stream and the laser beam is at the intersection of the ellipse At one of the intersections, a fluorescent detector 32 (in this example, a photomultiplier) occupies another intersection. This design is based on the principle that the point of the light source from one of the two intersections of the elliptical mirror will be focused to another intersection. In this optical design, the elliptical mirror 30 concentrates the fluorescent signals from the microorganisms and focuses them on the fluorescent stalker 32. An optical filter 34 is disposed in front of the fluorescent detector to block the scattered ultraviolet light and induce the fluorescent light to pass through the filter. The beam blocking mirror 22 is designed to reflect the non-scattering portion of the laser beam 14 and has a material such as a vinyl-based material adhered to a front surface to reflect the non-scattering portion of the beam of electromagnetic radiation. </ RTI> <RTIgt reference. The particle detector 20 can comprise, for example, a photodiode for determining the particle size, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5, which is incorporated herein by reference. The use of Mie scattering in the present invention is also exemplified in the configuration of optical members for detecting ultraviolet light luminescence to simultaneously check whether individual particles have NADH, riboflavin and other metabolites and other biomolecules, which are living organisms. The necessary intermediate in the metabolism, so it will be present in microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. If these chemicals are present in the biological suspension, they will be excited by the ultraviolet photon energy, which will then emit their own fluorescence and can be measured using equipment made according to the above detection system. Although the above mechanism does not recognize the genus or species of the microorganism, and the virus is too small and lacks the metabolic effect for detection, the detection system can simultaneously measure the size of each particle, and according to whether it is 12 200900697 Microbial or inert particles are indicated to indicate to the user whether microbial contamination has occurred.
參閱第5圖，本發明系統能同時測定顆粒尺寸與測 量螢光的功能係以圖表來顯示其偵測結果。該系統之操作 原理如下：一設備持續監控環境空氣或液體，以即時測量 每個個別空氣懸浮顆粒的尺寸，並且同時判定該顆粒是否 發出螢光。並且為螢光訊號設定一檻值（threshold)。若該 螢光訊號低於該設定檻值，則將該顆粒標示為惰性顆粒。 此螢光訊號檻值可為螢光訊號強度，螢光強度與顆粒截面 積或顆粒體積成函數關係。若螢光訊號檻值超過該設定 值，則將顆粒標示為生物性顆粒。由顆粒尺寸與螢光訊號 強度所組合而得的資料將用來逐個顆粒地判定是否為微生 物。第2(a)與2(b)圖顯示根據本發明之偵測器的功能。該 等圖顯示出利用此偵測系統所測得的環境空氣懸浮顆粒數 據。在個別圖式中，圖的上半部分係以對數座標，來繪示 出顆粒濃度（每公升空氣）對顆粒尺寸（從1至1 3微米）做圖 的直條圖；其中實心直條代表惰性顆粒，而斜紋直條則代 表微生物。圖的下半部分則是在一秒内所偵測顆粒的即時 截圖：每個針狀標記（spike)代表單一個顆粒，而針狀標記 的高度則相應於顆粒的尺寸。第2 (a)圖是對乾淨空氣進行 測試的結果，因此圖中僅顯示出惰性顆粒而沒有微生物。 在第二個實驗中，則在空氣中加入貝克氏酵母菌粉末 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。此試驗镇測到微生物的存 在，並且繪示成第2(b)圖中的斜紋直條。 13 200900697 第3圖顯示當將摻有7微米螢光染料的塑膠顆粒注 入能同時測量顆粒尺寸與螢光的偵測器中時所獲得的資料 組。該些斜紋直條顯示出在這些顆粒中的分佈在7微米顆 粒尺寸處的顆粒發出螢光。 需強調的是，上述多個本發明實施例，特別是較佳實 施例，僅是本發明的數個可行範例，用以清楚說明本發明 原理。然而在不偏離本發明精神與原理之下，當可對上述 多個實施例進行修改與變化。所有的修改與變化亦為本文 揭示内容與本發明範圍所涵蓋，且受後附申請專利範圍所 保護。 【圖式簡單說明】 可從上述敘述配合附圖說明來了解本發明的進一步特 徵與優點，附圖如下： 第1圖顯示數種空氣中之惰性顆粒與微生物顆粒的顆 粒尺寸範圍。 第2(a)圖為同時測定顆粒尺寸與螢光所得測量值的直 條圖，顯示不含微生物之空氣的顆粒分佈情形； 第2(b)圖顯示對含有貝克氏酵母菌粉末之空氣同時測 量顆粒尺寸與螢光所得測量值的直條圖； 第3圖為摻雜了 7微米之螢光染料後同時測量顆粒尺 寸與螢光之測量值的直條圖； 第4圖為根據本發明之光學系統的示意圖，其可執行 同時測量顆粒尺寸與螢光的方法；以及 14 200900697 第5圖為第4圖之光學系統的方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10偵測系統 1 4電磁輻射束 1 8開孔 2 2光束阻擋鏡 26聚光鏡 30橢圓鏡 1 2激發光源 1 6喷嘴 20散射顆粒尺寸偵測器 24準直器透鏡 28顆粒偵測器 3 2螢光偵測器 15Referring to Figure 5, the system of the present invention is capable of simultaneously measuring the particle size and measuring the function of the fluorescence to graphically display the detection results. The system operates as follows: A device continuously monitors ambient air or liquid to instantly measure the size of each individual airborne particle and simultaneously determine if the particle is emitting fluorescence. And set a threshold for the fluorescent signal. If the fluorescent signal is below the set threshold, the particles are labeled as inert particles. The fluorescence signal 槛 value can be the fluorescence signal intensity, and the fluorescence intensity is a function of the particle cross-section or particle volume. If the fluorescence signal threshold exceeds the set value, the particles are labeled as biological particles. The data obtained by combining the particle size and the intensity of the fluorescent signal will be used to determine whether the microorganism is a particle by particle. Figures 2(a) and 2(b) show the function of the detector according to the invention. The figures show ambient airborne particle data measured using this detection system. In the individual figures, the upper half of the figure is plotted as a logarithmic coordinate to plot the particle concentration (per liter of air) versus the particle size (from 1 to 13 microns); the solid straight bar represents Inert particles, while diagonal straight bars represent microorganisms. The bottom half of the figure is a snapshot of the particles detected in one second: each needle represents a single particle, and the height of the needle mark corresponds to the size of the particle. Figure 2 (a) shows the results of testing clean air, so only the inert particles are shown in the figure without microorganisms. In the second experiment, Bacillus cerevisiae powder (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was added to the air. The presence of microorganisms was measured in this test town and is shown as a diagonal straight strip in Figure 2(b). 13 200900697 Figure 3 shows the data set obtained when a plastic particle doped with a 7 micron fluorescent dye was injected into a detector capable of simultaneously measuring particle size and fluorescence. The diagonal stripes show that the particles distributed in the particles at the 7 micron particle size emit fluorescence. It is to be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention, particularly preferred embodiments, are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the invention. However, various modifications and changes may be made to the various embodiments described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications and variations are encompassed by the scope of the disclosure and the scope of the invention, and are protected by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the above description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a range of particle sizes of inert particles and microbial particles in several airs. Figure 2(a) is a bar graph showing the simultaneous measurement of particle size and fluorescence, showing the distribution of particles containing no microorganisms; Figure 2(b) shows the simultaneous presence of air containing Baker's yeast powder. A bar graph for measuring the particle size and the measured value obtained by fluorescence; FIG. 3 is a bar graph for simultaneously measuring the particle size and the measured value of the fluorescence after doping the fluorescent dye of 7 μm; FIG. 4 is a diagram according to the present invention; A schematic diagram of an optical system that can perform simultaneous measurement of particle size and fluorescence; and 14 200900697 Figure 5 is a block diagram of the optical system of Figure 4. [Main component symbol description] 10 detection system 1 4 electromagnetic radiation beam 1 8 aperture 2 2 beam blocking mirror 26 condensing mirror 30 elliptical mirror 1 2 excitation light source 1 6 nozzle 20 scattering particle size detector 24 collimator lens 28 particles Detector 3 2 fluorescent detector 15