200837248 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明，是關於在鐵路、道路、及其他聲音產生之場 所，可以減低來自音源之聲音的吸音構造體。 【先前技術】 以往，對於鄰近的住宅或是公共設施爲了防止噪音， 因而在鐵路設施及高速道路等之周圍，使用作爲吸音構造 體的吸音牆等。又，在會議室或是音樂廳等之室內，爲了 防止聲音外洩至鄰接的房間、或是聲音產生不需要的干 擾，故使用吸音構造體。 例如，於專利文獻i中，揭示有具備隔音板之框體構 造及具備該框體構造之隔音板。在該專利文獻1所記載之 隔音板，其目的是在提供一種針對交通事故災害發生時， 即使從車輛上的堆積貨物衝撞而打到隔音板之情形，貨物 打穿過隔音板，不易引起構件飛散等之隔音板的框體構 造。 專利文獻1所記載之隔音板的構造，針對於具有隔音 性之隔音板的周圍使用框材形成框體之矩形的隔音板，相 互對向框材之彎曲強度爲大致相同者。其結果，當從車輛 落下的貨物打到時，由於相互對向的框材分別同樣程度地 變形，故可以防止貨物打穿過隔音板。並且，對於使用有 防穿透材料來防止打穿之情形時，也可以得到防止負荷集 中於其中一邊框材側的防穿透材料而造成防穿透材料的破 -5- 200837248 壞及飛散、或是防止隔音板破損之效果。 另一方面，於專利文獻2中揭示有平板的吸音裝置。 該專利文獻2所記載之吸音裝置的構造，是針對於在金屬 製的表面板及內面板施以多數創意性的沖孔，並在表面板 的背面鋪以寒冷紗等之粗網目的布料，將表面板及內面板 連結於金屬製的框體，在無間隙所包圍的內部中空部，充 塡有玻璃棉材或岩棉材來作爲吸音板，使用一片吸音板或 是二片吸音板之吸音裝置，使用一片之情形時，是在與其 他的平板或是壁牆之間形成有縱長的空氣層部，並以金屬 製的側框無間隙地封塞連結端面，使用一片之情形時，是 使吸音板背對背地相對向，在背板之間形成縱長的空氣層 部，並以金屬製的側框無間隙地封塞連結端面者。 [專利文獻1] 日本特開2004-523 80號公報 [專利文獻2] 日本特開昭62-0790 1 8號公報 【發明內容】 [發明所要解決之問題] 然而，於專利文獻1所記載的隔音板，在事故災害 時，對於強度不足雖具有效果，不過對於平時所必要的隔 音卻不能提高效果。並且，由於在隔音板的內部得固定構 件，故製造困難。 另一方面，於專利文獻2所記載的吸音裝置，是在內 部中空部充塡玻璃棉材等，由於必須對吸音裝置均一地充 塡玻璃棉材，因此必須要有高度之吸音裝置的製造技術。 -6- 200837248 • 又，由於在製造時得固定吸音板，必須要定位，所以製造 困難。 又’對於專利文獻1所記載之隔音板以及專利文獻2 所記載之吸音裝置，於寬廣頻帶音域中難以得到較高的聲 音衰減效果。亦即，現實中之噪音，是依存於寬廣頻帶音 域的聲音中。因此，專利文獻2所記載之僅利用玻璃棉來 吸音，是無法具有高耐候性且無法安定地減低寬廣頻帶音 φ 域的聲音。 本發明之目的，是在於提供一種組裝容易之具有高吸 音效果，且具有耐候性之吸音構造體。 本發明之另一目的，是在於提供一種具有高耐侯性， 且能夠安定地減低寬廣頻帶音域之聲音的吸音構造體。 [發明解決問題之技術手段] (1) • 本發明之吸音構造體，是針對於可以吸收來自音源之 聲音的吸音構造體， 包含有：具有至少於一個面部具備多數個開口部之多 孔面的箱構件、及 具備有多數個開口部，且將箱構件的內部空間分離成 複數個空間的多孔板、及 具有用以夾持多孔板，且沿著箱構件之內部空間之外 形的複數個支持框， 並藉由利用複數個支持框來夾持多孔板，使上述複數 200837248 * 個支持框及上述多孔板被單元化。 針對於本發明之吸音構造體，是使.具有至少於1個面 部具備多數個開口部之箱構件的內部空間，藉由具備有多 數個開口部之1個或複數個多孔板分離成複數個空間。 又，夾持1個或複數個多孔板的複數個支持框，是具有沿 著箱構件之內部空間的外形。 此情形時，對於構成吸音構造體之箱構件，藉由利用 複數個支持框夾持多孔板來將之單元化，於製造程序上， 可以容易地將該單元投入於箱構件的內部空間。其結果， 可以容易地製造吸音構造體，可以減少將多孔板固定於箱 構件之內部空間的預定位置之定位作業。因此，吸音構造 體在組裝上變得容易。又，藉由單元化，由於使得單元內 部的各內部空間除了多孔板的開口部之外可以保持於氣 密，所以可以有效地減低來自於音源的聲音。又，由於可 以適切地組裝具有耐候性的構件，故可以高度維持本發明 之吸音構造體的耐候性，經過長期下，吸音構造體之構造 不易變化。因此，即使長期間使用，吸音性能不會劣化。 (2) 箱構件，是由長方體所構成，使多孔面面向音源而配 置，複數個支持框，是以相對於多孔面並排配置多孔板之 方式來形成亦可。 此情形時，來自音源的聲音，可以效率良好地穿透過 位於箱構件的多孔面，藉由複數個支持框所夾持的多孔板 來吸收聲音。其結果，可以效率良好地吸收來自音源的聲 -8 - 200837248 音，因而可以效率良好地減低聲音。 (3) 多孔板是由複數個多孔板所構成，並在積層複數個支 持框所形成的間隙分別配置複數個多孔板，藉由使上述複 數個多孔板及上述複數個支持框單元化而形成單元構件， 單元構件在被收納於箱構件之情形時，是使上述複數個多 孔板，以不接觸於箱構件的內周面之方式來形成複數個支 持框亦可。 此情形時，複數個多孔板，是藉由複數個支持框所夾 持而單元化，而可以容易地將被單元化的構件收納於箱構 件。又，因爲複數個多孔板不接觸於箱構件的內周面所以 在製造時可以防止多孔板的損傷。並且，若多孔板與箱構 件是由不同的金屬材料所構成之情形時，可以防止電位腐 蝕。再者，藉由單元化，由於單元內部的各內部空間除了 多孔板之開口部之外可保持於氣密，故可以有效地減低來 自音源的聲音。 (4) 複數個支持框，是由非導電體所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於複數個支持框是由非導電體所形成， 故從聲音吸收的觀點來看，即使多孔板與箱構件是由剛性 高的導電體所構成之情形時，多孔板與箱構件之間亦無直 接接觸之虞。再者，可以防止用以固定箱構件及支持框時 之螺絲等金屬與多孔板之接觸。其結果，在多孔板與箱構 件之間不會產生電位腐蝕，可以提升耐久性及耐候性。其 -9- 200837248 β 結果，在長期使用下能夠保持吸音性能。 (5) 複數個支持框，是由樹脂所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於複數個支持框是由樹脂所形成，所以 可以以便宜價格形成支持框。又，即使多孔板與箱構件是 由導電體所構成之情形時，多孔板與箱構件沒有相互直接 接觸之虞。再者，可以防止用以固定箱構件及支持框時之 φ 螺絲等金屬與多孔板之接觸。其結果，在多孔板與箱構件 之間不會產生電位腐飩，可以提升耐久性及耐候性。其結 果，能夠在長期使用下效率良好地減低來自音源的聲音。 (6) 複數個支持框，其積層方向的厚度爲相同亦可。 此情形時，藉由統一複數個支持框之厚度，使位於多 孔板中之間隔爲相等，因而可以實現降低成本及製造容易 # (7) 複數個支持框，其相對於積層方向爲垂直方向的寬幅 是來自音源之波長的1/2以下亦可。 此情形時，由於複數個支持框，其相對於積層方向爲 垂直方向的寬幅是設定爲來自音源之波長的1 /2以下，所 以可以防止通過多孔板後之聲音的擴散。其結果，吸音構 造體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲音。 (8) 多孔面及上述多孔板，其位於多孔面、多孔板之開口 -10- 200837248 部的開口率爲不同，是以隨著遠離上述音源其多孔面及多 孔板之開口率變小之方式來形成亦可。 此情形時，由於多孔面及多孔板是以隨著遠離聲音產 生其開口部之開口率源變小之方式來配置，所以可以讓來 自音源之寬廣頻帶音域的聲音段階性地、且有效地減低。 (9) 多孔面及上述多孔板之至少一方，是將該板厚除以該 上述開口部之孔徑之値作爲X，該上述開口部之上述開口 率作爲y時，以滿足yS 0.0086X + 0.0076之關係之方式來 形成亦可。 (10) 多孔板是由複數個多孔板所構成，在上述多孔面及上 述複數個多孔板之中，至少配置於離上述音源最遠位置的 一個，是以滿足y$ 0.0086x + 0.0076之關係之方式來形成 亦可。 (11) 更包含聲音衰減構件，聲音衰減構件，是被配置在藉 由複數個支持框與多孔板所分離之複數個空間內當中之至 少1個空間內，並使上述聲音衰減構件、上述複數個支持 體、以及上述多孔板成爲單元化亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件是配置在藉由複數個支 持框與多孔板所分離之複數個空間內當中之至少1個空間 內來進行單元化，故可以容易地製造吸音構造體之同時， 相較於僅有多孔板之情形，可以將音源的聲音更有效地予 -11 - 200837248 以減低。 (12) 聲音衰減構件，是由多孔質材料所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，是由多孔質材料所形 成，所以可以將音源的聲音更有效地予以減低。 (13) 聲音衰減構件，是由不織布所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，是由不織布所形成， 所以可以將音源的聲音更有效地予以減低。 (14) 聲音衰減構件，是由玻璃棉或是PET(Poly Ethylene Terephthalate)系纖維材料所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，即使是由玻璃棉或 PET系纖維材料所形成時，由於是在各空間內分別配置玻 璃棉或是PET系纖維材料，相較於以往之只有在大的箱 構件的大型空間內部配置玻璃棉或是PET系纖維材料之 情形，可以將因本身自重所導致之聲音衰減構件的偏位抑 制在最小限度。又，即使聲音衰減構件的量較少之情形 時，也可以期待由多孔板所構成之吸音構造，並藉由更加 上聲音衰減構件，可以達成更進一步的聲音衰減效果。因 此，於吸音構造體可以將來自音源的聲音有效地予以減 低。 (15) 開口部是由小孔所形成亦可。 -12- 200837248 此情形時，由於開口部是由小孔所形成’所以可以有 效地減低音源的聲音。 (16) 開口部，是由圓形的孔所形成亦可。 由於開口部是由圓形的孔所形成，所以可以容易地’ 且以低成本來製造。 (17) 開口部，是由狹縫形狀的孔所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於開口部是由狹縫形狀的孔所形成’所 以可以減低來自音源的聲音。又’於切縫形狀當中’亦包 含遮窗板鰭片形狀。 (18) 開口部，是由不規則形狀的孔所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於開口部，是由不規則形狀的孔所形 成，故亦包含藉由壓花加工所形成的十字型孔等之孔的一 部分具有銳角形狀，因而可以容易地，且以低成本來製 造。 (19) 多孔板，是由鋁構件所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於多孔板，是由鋁構件所形成，所以可 以以低成本來製造，並且加工容易，可以形成多數的微小 孔。又’藉由利用鋁構件，可提升回收再利用性。 (20) 相構件，是由銘構件所形成爲佳。 -13- 200837248 此情形時，由於箱構件，是由鋁構件所形成，所以可 以以低成本來製造’並且加工容易’可以形成多數的微小 孔。又，藉由利用鋁構件’可提升回收再利用性。 (21) 開口部，是藉由壓花加工所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於位於多孔板的開口部是藉由壓花加工 所形成，所以可以均一地形成微小孔。又’藉由壓花加工 φ 時之山形狀及谷形狀，因爲可以提高多孔板的剛性’所以 即使使用薄的多孔板時，也可以提高多孔板本身的剛性’ 可以提高在吸音構造體之製造時的作業效率。又’藉由壓 花加工形成多孔板時，由複數個支持框所保持時’可以在 多孔板與複數個支持框之間形成極小的縫隙’可期待具有 排水效果。 (22) 開口部，藉由沖孔加工所形成亦可。 Φ 此情形時，即使使用厚板材也可以藉由沖孔加工形成 多數的開口部。 (23) 多孔板，具備有衰減構造亦可。 此情形時，多孔板本身，由於具備有衰減構造’所以 可以減低因多孔板的共振所造成的振動，增大多孔板與空 氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性能降低。其結果’吸音構造 體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲音。 -14- (24) 200837248 衰減構造，是在多孔板施以塗層處理亦可。 此情形時，藉由在多孔板施以塗層處理，使多孔板由 複合材料所構成。其結果，可以減低因多孔板的共振所造 成的振動，增大多孔板與空氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性 B匕降低。其結果’吸苜構造體，可以有效地減低來自音源 的聲音。 (25) • 多孔板，是由接觸配置之至少2片的多孔板所構成亦 可。 此情形時，藉由讓2片的多孔板接觸配置，由於多孔 ®本身具備有防振性，可以減低因多孔板的共振所造成的 振證I ’增大多孔板與空氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性能降 低· °其結果，吸音構造體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲 苜。 (26) β 多孔板，是由具備有防振性之板材所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於多孔板本身具備有防振性，所以可以 «低因多孔板的共振所造成的振動，增大多孔板與空氣的 相對速度差，防止吸音性能降低。其結果，吸音構造體， 可以有效地減低來自音源的聲音。 (27) 箱構件，係形成有貫通內部空間與外部的排水孔爲 佳。 此情形時，由於形成有排水孔，故當設置於屋外，即 -15- 200837248 使因雨水等之水分浸入到箱構件的內部空間之情形時，可 以從排水用孔排出雨水，防止在箱構件內部產生電位腐 餓’並且，不會有因積水導致孔阻塞而引起吸音性能的降 低。 (28) 本發明之吸音構造體，爲能夠吸收來自音源之聲音的 吸音構造體，包含有：具備有多數個開口部的第1板構 件、及面向第1板構件所設置的第2板構件、及具備有多 數個開口部’且配置在第1板構件與第2板構件之間之1 片以上的多孔板；第1板構件及多孔板，其於第1板構件 及多孔板之開口率爲不同，是由音源，依第1板構件、多 孔板、第2板構件之順序而配置，且是以隨著遠離音源第 1板構件及多孔板之開口率變小之方式來形成者。 此情形時，由於是以隨著遠離音源，開口部之開口率 變小之方式來配置第1板構件及多孔板，所以可以讓來自 音源之寬廣頻帶音域的聲音，段階性地、且有效地減低。 (29) 第1板構件及上述多孔板之至少其中任一方，是以板 厚除以該開口部之孔徑之値作爲X，以該開口部之開口率 作爲y時，以滿足y€〇.〇〇86x + 0.0〇76之關係之方式來形 成亦可。 (30) 多孔板是由複數個多孔板所構成，在複數個多孔板之 中，至少配置於離音源最遠位置的一個多孔板，是以滿足 -16- 200837248 y S 0.008 6x + 0.0 076之關係之方式來形成亦可。 (31) 更包含聲音衰減構件，聲音衰減構件，是配置在第1 板構件與多孔板之間、多孔板之間、多孔板與第2板構件 之間當中之至少1處亦可。 此情形時，由於在第1板構件、多孔板、及第2板構 件之各個之間之至少1處配置聲音衰減構件，故相較於僅 有第1板構件、多孔板、及第2板構件之情形時，可以更 加有效地減低音源的聲音。 (32) 聲音衰減構件，爲由多孔質材料所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，是由多孔質材料所形 成，所以可以更加有效地減低音源的聲音。 (33) 聲音衰減構件，爲由不織布所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，是由不織布所形成， 所以可以更加有效地減低音源的聲音。 (34) 聲音衰減構件，爲由玻璃棉或是PET(Poly Ethylene Terephthalate)系纖維材料所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於聲音衰減構件，即使是由玻璃棉或 PET系纖維材料所形成時，由於是在各空間內分別配置玻 璃棉或是PET系纖維材料，相較於以往之只有在大的箱 構件的大型空間內部配置玻璃棉或是PET系纖維材料之 -17- 200837248 情形，可以將因本身自重所導致之聲音衰減構件的偏位抑 制在最小限度。又，即使聲音衰減構件的量較少之情形 時，也可以期待由多孔板所構成之吸音構造，並藉由更加 上聲音衰減構件，可以達成更進一步的聲音衰減效果。因 此，於吸音構造體可以將來自音源的聲音有效地予以減 低。 (35) # 開口部爲由小孔所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於開口部是由小孔所形成，所以可以有 效地減低音源的聲音。 (36) 開口部，是由圓形的孔所形成亦可。 由於開口部是由圓形的孔所形成，所以可以容易地， 且以低成本來製造。 (37) • 開口部，是由狹縫形狀的孔所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於開口部是由狹縫形狀的孔所形成，所 以可以減低來自音源的聲音。又，於切縫形狀當中，亦包 含遮窗板鰭片形狀。 (38) 開口部，是由不規則形狀的孔所形成亦可。 此情形時，由於開口部，是由不規則形狀的孔所形 成，故亦包含藉由壓花加工所形成的十字型孔等之孔的一 部分具有銳角形狀，因而可以容易地，且以低成本來製 -18- 200837248 造。 (39) 多孔板，是由鋁構件所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於多孔板，是由鋁構件所形成，所以可 以以低成本來製造，並且加工容易，可以形成多數的微小 孔。又，藉由利用鋁構件，可提升回收再利用性。 (40) • 第1板構件及第2板構件，是由鋁構件所構成爲佳。 此情形時，由於第1板構件及第2板構件，是由鋁構 件所構成，所以可以以低成本來製造，並且加工容易，可 以形成多數的微小孔。又，藉由利用鋁構件，可提升回收 再利用性。 (41) 開口部，是藉由壓花加工所形成爲佳。 此情形時，由於位於多孔板的開口部是藉由壓花加工 • 所形成，所以可以均一地形成微小孔。又，因爲藉由壓花 加工時之山形狀及谷形狀，可以提高多孔板的剛性，所以 即使使用薄的多孔板時，也可以提高多孔板本身的剛性’ 可以提高在吸音構造體之製造時的作業效率。 (42) 開口部，藉由沖孔加工所形成亦可。 此情形時，即使使用厚板材也可以藉由沖孔加工形成 多數的開口部。 -19- (43) 200837248 多孔板，具備有衰減構造亦可。 此情形時，多孔板本身，由於具備有衰減構造’所以 可以減低因多孔板的共振所造成的振動，增大多孔板與空 氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性能降低。其結果’吸音構$ 體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲音。 (44) 衰減構造，是在多孔板施以塗層處理亦可。 • 此情形時，藉由在多孔板施以塗層處理，使多孔板由 複合材料所構成。其結果，可以減低因多孔板的共振所造 成的振動，增大多孔板與空氣的相對速度差，並防止吸音 性能降低。其結果，吸音構造體，可以有效地減低來自音 源的聲音。 (45) 多孔板，是由接觸配置之至少2片的多孔板所構成亦 可 〇 Φ 此情形時，藉由讓2片的多孔板接觸配置，由於一對 的多孔板本身具備有防振性，可以減低因多孔板的共振所 造成的振動，增大多孔板與空氣的相對速度差，並防止吸 音性能降低。其結果，吸音構造體，可以有效地減低來自 音源的聲音。 (46) 多孔板’是由具備有防振性之板材所形成亦可。 此情形時’由於多孔板本身具備有防振性，所以可以 減低因多孔板的共振所造成的振動，增大多孔板與空氣的 -20- 200837248 相對速度差，並防止吸音性能降低。其結果，吸音構造 體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲音。 (47) 本發明之吸音構造體，是由：具有第1孔之面部的外 殻、及具有第1框、第2框、以及被夾持在該第1框與該 第2框之間之具備有第2孔的中間構件，且被容納於該外 殼的單元構件所構成，該外殼之該面部與該中間構件是相 對向設置。 【實施方式】 以下，說明本發明之第1及第2實施形態。又，第1 實施形態中，說明適用於隔音牆構造之吸音構造體。 (第1實施形態） 第1圖，是顯示使用吸音構造體之隔音牆之一例的模 式性立體圖。 第1圖之隔音牆1 〇〇，是由在內部形成有空間的箱構 件150所構成。於此箱構件150中，於面部160形成有多 數的小孔1 1 0。又，於本實施形態中，多數的小孔1 1 0， 是藉由沖孔加工所形成。此等多數的小孔1 1 0，例如，孔 徑爲0.3mm以上3mm以下，面部1 60的開口率爲1 0%以 下。再者，箱構件1 5 0，是使用由鋼板（例如，高耐候性 浸鍍鋼板）所構成者。藉此，可以壓低箱構件150的製造 成本。 -21 - 200837248 又，如第1圖所示，於箱構件15 0 有複數個單元200。對於此複數個單元 後述之。又，於第2圖，在說明上是以 部之狀態來圖示出，不過於實際使用時 之狀態。又，其作爲蓋部分之面部1 60 能夠裝卸之方式來形成亦可。又，此時 1 5 0爲相同構件所構成爲理想。 _ 又，於本實施形態中，雖說明箱構 構成者，但並非侷限於此，由其他之彳 件、或是由樹脂等所構成亦可。再者， 多數的小孔1 1 0是藉由沖孔加工所形 此，藉由壓花加工、或是藉由其他任： 可〇 其次，第2圖’是顯示複數個單元 性說明圖。第2圖，是從箱構件〗5 〇拉 Φ 顯示使單元2 0 0之內部構造分離的狀態 如第2圖所示，單元200，是由： 第2框構件2 2 0、第3框構件2 3 〇以及 板320所形成。 如第2圖所示，在第1框構件21 0 之間夾持有多孔板3 1 0，在第2框構件 230之間夾持有多孔板320。又，第1 框構件220以及第3框構件230，是由 部空間區域大致相同外形尺寸所成。 的內部空間，設置 200之詳細說明於 開放箱構件150上 ，爲六面全部包覆 是螺鎖著，不過以 ，螺絲以與箱構件 件1 5 0是由鋼板所 ί壬意的金屬加工構 雖說明面部160之 成，但並非侷限於 意之加工所形成亦 200之一例的模式 :出一個單元200， 〇 第1框構件21 0、 多孔板3 1 0及多孔 與第2框構件220 220與第3框構件 框構件210、第2 與箱構件150之內 -22- 200837248 又，於本實施形態中，雖對第1框構件210、第2框 構件220以及第3框構件23 0進行了說明，但並非侷限於 此，單元200，以藉由其他之複數的構件等所構成亦可。 又，單元200以具有佔據箱構件150內部空間之形狀者爲 理想。 其次，第3圖，是顯示將複數個單元200容納於箱構 件1 50之狀態，其斷面之一例的模式性斷面圖。 # 如第3圖所示，在第1框構件210與第2框構件220 之間夾持著多孔板3 1 0的外周部，在第2框構件220與第 3框構件230之間夾持著多孔板320的外周部。 又’於第1框構件210、第2框構件220、以及第3 框構件2 3 0，藉由夾持多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 2 0，使多孔 板3 10及多孔板32〇，是以不會與位於箱構件15〇的內部 空間之面部相接觸之方式所形成。 又，如第3圖所示，第1框構件210之厚度爲L1， • 第2框構件220之厚度爲L2，第3框構件230之厚度爲 L3。此等之厚度LI、L2以及L3，是由從音源（音源）傳來 的首波當中，所要吸苜之苜波的波長、及多孔板的厚度、 孔徑以及開口率所決定。因此，在本實施形態中，雖然厚 度L1、L2以及L3的數値設爲不同，但並非限定於此， 其中任意2個的厚度爲相同數値亦可 '或是全部的厚度 L1、L2、L3皆爲相同數値亦可。又，多孔板310及多孔 板320’並不限定要完全平行地配置，可以是大致平行之 情形、並排而配置之情形等、或藉由任意角度爲相向之狀 -23- 200837248 態。 其次，第1框構件210、第2框構件220以及第3框 構件230，是由樹脂所成，而上述般之箱構件150，是由 鋼板所成。再者，如後述之多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 2 0，是 由鋁板所成。又，全部之構件皆由鋁構件所構成亦可。藉 此，不會有因電位腐蝕造成構件劣化之虞。例如，除了第 1框構件、第2框構件、第3框構件之外，箱構件1 50、 多孔板310、320、螺絲等全部由鋁構件所構成的話，可 以確實地防止電位腐蝕的發生。又，第1框構件2 1 0、第 2框構件220、第3框構件23 0，在不接觸多孔板310、 3 20的部分亦可以螺鎖、或藉由接著材而相互接著、或是 利用超音波進行壓接。 此時，如第3圖所示，多孔板3 10及多孔板320的外 周部分，是由第1框構件210、第2框構件220以及第3 框構件230所支撐。其結果，多孔板310及多孔板320並 不接觸箱構件1 5 0。因此，可以防止受到濕度等之影響而 在多孔板310、3 20以及箱構件150產生電氣性化學反應 (以下，簡稱爲電位腐鈾）。亦即，電位腐蝕反應，是不同 的金屬，在本實施形態中，是鋼板及鋁板爲該不同的金 屬，在帶有水分的狀態（具有電解質之狀態）相互接觸時所 產生。於本實施形態中，由於隔音牆1 〇〇通常是設置於屋 外，故容易受到風雨等而成爲帶有水分的狀態。因此，鋼 板與鋁板處於接觸之狀態時，則金屬部會因腐飩而消失。 其結果，多孔板310、320亦恐有消滅破壞之虞，且不利 -24- 200837248 於耐候性。不過，於本實施形態中，是可以防 反應的發生，防止多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0的消滅破 提高耐候性。 其次，第4圖，是放大隔音牆1〇〇之一部 立體圖。 如第4圖所示，於隔音牆1〇〇之箱構件 分，形成有排水（瀝水）用孔1 8 0。藉此，隔音 被設置於屋外之情形時，可以將透過面部1 60 孔11 〇而進入箱構件1 5 0內的雨水等予以排出 如以上，於本實施形態之隔音牆1 0 0，是 所成的第1框構件21 0、第2框構件220、J 230 ’使多孔板310、多孔板320、以及箱構件 觸之方式所構成，再者，由於形成有排水用孔 可以防止電位腐蝕反應。 其次，說明多孔板310及多孔板320。第 孔板310的模式性斷面圖，（b)是多孔板310 面圖。 如第5圖（a)所示，多孔板310是藉由壓 續地形成有山形狀3 1 1及谷形狀3 1 2。當藉由 山形狀3 1 1及谷形狀3 1 2超過了多孔板3 1 0之 性時，於鋁板就會形成微小的多孔315。又， 工所形成之微小的多孔3 1 5，並非是圓形的孔 接近十字型孔之形狀。以下，是將接近該十字 當作成其孔面積是等價於圓形孔來進行說明。 止電位腐蝕 壞、並可以 分的模式性 1 5 0的一部 齎100即使 之多數的小 〇 藉由由樹脂 春3框構件 150以不接 1 8 0，因此 5圖（a)是多 的模式性平 花加工而連 壓花加工之 鋁板的延展 藉由壓花加 ，而會成爲 型孔之形狀 -25- 200837248 如此地，藉由將鋁板予以壓花加工來進行加工， 夠形成均一且微小的多孔3 1 5。 又，如第5圖（b)所示，藉由使山形狀3 1 1及谷 3 1 2交互地形成交錯之千鳥狀，可以提高多孔板3 1 0 性。亦即，即使多孔板3 1 0之厚度較薄時，由於藉由 加工可以提高剛性，故可以提升組裝效率，使隔音牆 之製造變得容易。 於第5圖所示之多孔板3 1 0之微小多孔3 1 5的孔 例如爲0.05mm以上0· 15mm以下，多孔板3 1 0之開 爲〇·3%以上1.0%以下。 其次，第6圖（a)是多孔板320的模式性斷面圖 是多孔板3 20的模式性平面圖。 如第6圖（a)所示，多孔板3 20是藉由壓花加工 續地形成有山形狀321及谷形狀322。當藉由壓花加 山形狀321及谷形狀322超過了多孔板320之鋁板的 性時，於鋁板就會形成微小的多孔3 2 5。又，藉由壓 工所形成之微小的多孔325，並非是圓形的孔，而會 接近十字型孔之形狀。以下，是將接近該十字型孔之 當作成其孔面積是等價於圓形孔來進行說明。 如此地，藉由將鋁板予以壓花加工來進行加工， 夠形成均一且微小的多孔3 2 5。 又，如第6圖（b)所示，藉由使山形狀321及谷 3 22交互地形成交錯之千鳥狀，可以提高多孔板320 性。亦即，即使多孔板320之厚度較薄時，由於藉由 是會^ 形狀 之剛 壓花 100 徑， 口率 ，（b) 而連 工之 延展 花加 成爲 形狀 是能 形狀 之剛 壓花 -26- 200837248 加工可以提高剛性’故可以提升組裝效率’使隔音牆10 0 之製造變得容易。 又，於第6圖所示之多孔板320，是與於第5圖所示 之多孔板3 1 0有所不同，微小的多孔32 5之孔徑，例如爲 0.0 5mm以上〇.15mm以下，多孔板320之開口率爲0.2% 以上0.8 %以下。亦即，其開口率是較小於在第1圖所示 之多孔面160，且較小於在第5圖所示之多孔板310的開 φ 口率。亦即，開口率由大至開口率小者的順序，是依面部 1 60之多數的小孔1 1 〇，微小的多孔3 1 5，微小的多孔325 之順序。關於該效果於後述之。 於以上之多孔板3 1 0、3 20，係使相對於通過此等多 孔3 15、325之空氣以產生黏性作用之方式來設定各項參 數因子。藉此，當對通過多孔3 1 5、325之空氣產生黏性 衰減作用時，空氣振動轉換爲熱能，對空氣之振動產生衰 減性之結果，係可以在較寬頻帶發揮吸音效果。 • 又，於本實施形態中，是藉由壓花加工來形成多孔板 3 1 5、325，但並非侷限於此，亦可藉由沖孔加工等其他之 任意加工來形成。 第7圖，是用以說明面部1 60之孔1 1 0、多孔板3 1 0 及多孔板3 20之開口率的模式圖。第7圖的縱軸是表示對 於來自音源之聲音的垂直入射吸音率，橫軸是表示1 /3八 音度頻帶之頻率（Hz)。 又，於本實施形態中，音源爲噪音，由於防守該噪音 爲隔音牆，作爲音源之噪音，在特定之頻率區域顯示有其 -27- 200837248 較高的數値。因此，例如，爲鐵路之情況時，以400Hz以 上至4kHz爲主頻帶，於高速道路則以250Hz以上至4kHz 爲主頻帶，故藉由吸收該頻帶音域的聲音，便可以效率良 好地降低噪音。 第7圖之實線A，是表示將面部1 60之孔1 1 〇的開口 率設爲5%，將多孔板310的開口率設爲0.43%時之垂直 入射吸音率的計算値，第7圖之虛線B，是表示將面部 160之孔1 10的開口率設爲0.43%，將多孔板3 10的開口 率設爲5 %時之垂直入射吸音率的計算値。 在此，於第7圖之實線A所顯示之隔音牆100之各 參數以：面部1 6 0之板厚爲0.8 mm，於面部1 6 0之開口率 爲5%，多數之小孔110的孔徑爲〇.8mm，空氣層（間隔距 離 L 1)爲 1 5mm，多孔板 3 1 0之多孔 3 1 5的孔徑爲 0.0 7mm，多孔板310之板厚爲0.1mm，於多孔板310之 開口率爲0.43%，空氣層（間隔距離L2)爲30mm，多孔板 320之多孔32 5的孔徑爲0.12mm，多孔板320之板厚爲 0 · 1 mm，於多孔板3 2 〇之開口率爲〇 · 3 6 %，空氣層（間隔 距離L3)爲5 3mm。 由於面部1 6 0、多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0各別具其吸音峰値 頻率，故藉由將開口率、孔徑、板厚、多孔板間之空氣層 做最佳化設計，如第7圖之實線A所示地可以設定成具 有3個吸音峰値頻率，在廣帶域（寬廣頻帶音域）亦即區域 AL之頻帶區域可以獲得高的吸音率。 另一方面，第7圖之點線B所示之隔音牆的各參數 -28- 200837248 以：面部160之板厚爲〇.8mm，於面部160之開口率爲 0.43%，多數之小孔1 10的孔徑爲〇.8mm，空氣層（間隔 距離L1)爲15mm，多孔板310之多孔315的孔徑爲 0.07mm，多孔板3 1 0之板厚爲0· 1mm，於多孔板3 1 0之 開口率爲 5 %，空氣層（間隔距離L2)爲30mm，多孔板 320之多孔3 25的孔徑爲0.12mm，多孔板320之板厚爲 0.1mm，於多孔板320之開口率爲0.36%，空氣層（間隔 φ 距離L3)爲53mm。 亦即，於第7圖之實線A，是以多數之小孔1 1 〇的開 口率爲5%，多孔315之開口率爲0.43%，多孔3 25之開 口率爲0.3 6 %之順序，使開口率的値對於由接近首源處至 遠離之處，階段性地縮小，於第7圖之虛線B，是以多數 之小孔1 1 0的開口率爲0.4 3 %，多孔3 1 5之開口率爲5 %，多孔3 2 5之開口率爲〇 . 3 6 %之順序，使開口率對於由 接近音源處至遠離，階段性地變大再縮小。 # 如此地，藉由比較第7圖之實線A及虛線B，可知於 第7圖之虛線B，只有在大約400Hz以上800Hz以下的 1/3八音度頻帶之頻率才具有垂直入射吸音率0.6以上之 效果，相對於此，於第7圖之實線A，由於在500Hz以上 5kHz以下的1/3八音度頻帶之頻率具有垂直入射吸音率 0.6以上之效果，故例如對於鐵路之噪音以及對於高速道 路之噪音可以有效地吸收噪音。如此地，若將開口率階段 性地變大再縮小時，在廣帶域就不能得到高的吸音性能。 由以上所述，隨著遠離音源以減少開口率之方式來設 -29 - 200837248 定，可以階段性地降低來自音源的聲音，其結果，可以得 到降低廣帶域之聲音的效果。 (另一例） 再者，於本實施形態之多孔板3 2 0，可以以滿足以下 之（1 )式之關係來構成。在此，以接近音源一方的多孔板 3 1 0 1作爲第1層的多孔板3 1 0，以較遠離音源之多孔板 320作爲第2層的多孔板320。最遠離音源的第2層多孔 板3 20，爲最下層的多孔板3 20。 y ^ 0.0086X + 0.0076 …⑴ 於上述之數式（1)中，X是將多孔板31〇、32〇的板厚 除以多孔315、3 25之孔徑之數値，y是多孔板310、32〇 的開口率，多孔板3 2 0之開口率y滿足數式（1)時，可滿 足J Η (舊日本道路公團）之道路用隔音板的吸音率基準 値。 又，JH之道路用隔音板之吸音率基準値在400Hz爲 0.7以上，在1kHz爲0.8以上。 第8圖，是使最下層（第2層）之多孔板320的開口率 不同，顯示依每一頻率分別對來自於音源聲音之吸音率的 値之測量結果的圖表。於第8圖，縱軸是表示對來自於音 源聲音的吸音率，橫軸是表示1/3八音度頻帶之頻率 (Hz)。在此，Casel，是設定在第2層之多孔板320的開 -30- 200837248 口率y滿足數式（1)之關係的範圍內，另一方面，CaSe2， 是設定在第2層之多孔板320的開口率y滿足數式（1)之 關係的範圍外。又，第1層之多孔板3 1 0的開口率y，於 Casel、Case2皆設定在滿足數式（1)之關係的範圍外。 如第8圖所示，於第2層之多孔板320的開口率y設 定在滿足數式（1)之關係的範圍內之Casel，相較於第2層 之多孔板320的開口率y設定在滿足數式（1)之關係的範 圍外之 Case2，其吸音率較高。具體而言，Casel在 400Hz的吸音率，是比J Η在400Hz所定的吸音率基準値 0.7還高，另一方面，Case2在400Hz的吸音率，是比J Η在400Hz所定的吸音率基準値0.7還低。又，Casel對 於1kHz的吸音率，是比；Τ Η在1kHz所定的吸音率基準 値0.8還高，另一方面，Case2對於1kHz的吸音率，是 比J Η在1kHz所定的吸音率基準値0.8還低。 由以上所述，得知對於最下層之多孔板320，藉由使 板厚除以孔徑之値X及開口率y以滿足數式（1)之方式來 設定開口率y，可提昇吸音率。 又，第1層之多孔板3 1 0的開口率y以滿足（1)式之 關係的方式來設定亦可。 (再另一例） 接著，以圖面來說明隔音牆l〇〇a。隔音牆l〇〇a，是 對隔音牆1〇〇之多孔板310、320貼著聲音衰減構件者。 第8圖及第9圖是用以說明在多孔板3 1 0及多孔板320貼 -31 - 200837248 著有聲音衰減構件之狀態的模式圖。 如第9圖及第10圖所示，於多孔板3 10及多孔板 320之外周區域分別貼著有聲音衰減構件318及聲音衰減 構件328。藉此，可以增加多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 20之剛 性。再者，多孔板3 10、320，由於是與聲音衰減構件 3 18、328由複合材所形成而成，故可以減低共振峰値。 其結果，於多孔板3 10及多孔板320可以更爲有效地 減低聲音。又，於本例中，雖是在多孔板3 1 0及多孔板 320貼著聲音衰減構件318、328，但並非限定於此，亦可 以將聲音衰減構件3 1 8、328貼著在多孔板3 1 0與多孔板 3 20的全面，然後藉由壓花加工來形成微小的多孔3 1 5、 3 25，或是在多孔板3 10及多孔板320之表面與背面之僅 任一方貼著聲音衰減構件3 1 8、3 2 8。又，作爲聲音衰減 構件3 1 8、3 2 8，可以使用任意之各種膠帶構件、塗層材 料、塗佈材料、或是任意之構件等。再者，於本實施形態 中，雖使用了一片多孔板3 1 0及一片多孔板320，但並非 限定於此，亦可使用具備有衰減功能的多孔板，更進一步 地使用由複數片多孔板重層所成的多孔板亦可。亦即，使 相同的多孔板或不同的多孔板相接觸而成爲一個多孔板來 使用亦可。利用此等手段，藉由對多孔板賦予衰減能力， 並減低因多孔板共振所產生的振動，增大多孔板與空氣之 相對速度差，可以防止吸音性能的降低。 (再另一例） -32- 200837248 第11圖，是用以說明在隔音牆100更進一步包含有 聲音衰減構件510、520、530之隔音牆l〇〇b的模式性斷 面圖。 如第1 1圖所示，於隔音牆l〇〇b，是在由箱構件ι5〇 之面部1 6 0之多數的小孔1 1 〇、第1構件2丨〇、及多孔板 3 1 〇所形成的空間設置聲音衰減構件5 i 〇，在由多孔板 310之微小的多孔315、第2框構件22〇、及多孔板320 所形成的空間設置聲音衰減構件5 2 0，在由多孔板3 2 0之 微小的多孔3 2 5、第3框構件2 3 0、及箱構件1 5 〇所形成 的空間設置聲音衰減構件5 3 0。 又，於上述之再另一例中之隔音牆l〇〇b，是在各空 間設置聲音衰減構件5 1 0、5 2 0、以及5 3 0，但並非偏限於 此，設置聲音衰減構件510、520、530中之至少1個聲音 衰減構件亦可，作爲單元200，將聲音衰減構件5 1 0、 5 2 0、及5 3 0分別固定於第1框構件21 0、第2框構件 2 2 0、及弟3框構件230中之至少任一 1個亦可。 此時，藉由將單元200插入箱構件150可以容易地製 造隔音牆l〇〇b。 又，聲音源衰減構件510、520、及53 0，係可由PET 系纖維樹脂所成，亦可由玻璃棉、石棉、連續氣泡氨基甲 酸乙酯、不織布、或是其他任意之構件所成亦可。 (再另一例） 第12圖，是用以說明隔音牆100c之一例的模式圖。 -33- 200837248 第12圖（a)，是隔音牆100c之模式性的立體圖，第12圖 (b)，是隔音牆100c之模式性的斷面圖。 如第12圖（a)所示，於隔音牆100c之箱構件150c的 面部160c，藉由遮窗板鰭片（louver-fin)形狀形成有多數 的孔1 10c。又，於第12圖（a)，多數的孔1 10c雖配置成 複數列，但並非侷限於此，也可以配置呈人字交錯的千鳥 狀、或是其他任意之方法。 又，如第12圖（b)所示，於隔音牆100c之單元200, 具備有··箱構件150c、多孔板310、320、3 3 0，和第1框 構件210、第2框構件220、第3框構件23 0、及第4框 構件240。 與第3圖相同樣地，在第1框構件210與第2框構件 2 2 0之間夾持多孔板3 1 0的外周部，在第2框構件2 2 0與 第3框構件23 0之間夾持多孔板320的外周部，在第3框 構件220與第4框構件23 0之間夾持多孔板3 3 0的外周 部。又，於多孔板330，係與第5圖及第6圖之多孔板 3 10、320相同樣地，形成有多孔3 3 5。 又，如第12圖（b)所示，第1框構件210之厚度爲 L1，第2框構件220之厚度爲L2，第3框構件23 0之厚 度爲L3，第4框構件2 40之厚度爲L4。此等之厚度L1、 L2、L3、及L4，是從音源所傳抵之音波之中，由所欲吸 音之音波的波長、多孔板的厚度、孔徑以及開口率所決 定。因此，本實施形態中，厚度L1、L2、L3、及L4之値 雖有不同，但並非侷限於此，其中任意的任2個之厚度爲 -34- 200837248 相同値亦可，全部之厚度L1、L2、L3、及L4爲相同數値 亦可。又，多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 2 0，並不限定於完全平 行地配置之情行，而可以是大致平行、並列配置時等，藉 由任意之角度而呈相向之狀態。 對於該多數的孔ll〇c，由於是藉由遮窗板鰭片形狀 所形成，故可以效率良好地防止雨水浸入，且可以捉取來 自所欲吸音之音源的聲音。其結果，可以效率良好地減低 音源的聲音。又，亦有作爲運送中之貨物掉落時，或是石 頭等飛散而來時之防止侵入的保護板之效果。 第13圖，爲用以說明第12圖之隔音牆100c之效果 的模式圖。第1 3圖之縱軸是表示對於來自音源之聲音的 垂直入射吸音率，橫軸是表示1/3八音度頻帶之頻率 (Hz)。 在此，於第12圖所示之隔音牆100c的各參數如下： 面部160c之板厚爲1mm、面部160c之開口率爲22.8 %，空氣層（間隔距離L1)爲10mm，多孔板310之孔徑爲 0.1mm，多孔板310之板厚爲0.1mm，多孔板310之開口 率爲0.8 9 %，空氣層（間隔距離L 2)爲5 m m，多孔板3 2 0 之多孔 3 25的孔徑爲 0.07mm，多孔板 320之板厚爲 0.1mm，於多孔板3 10之開口率爲0.55%，空氣層（間隔 距離L3)爲3 0mm，多孔板330之多孔335的孔徑爲 0.0 7 m m，多孔板3 3 0之板厚爲〇 . 1 m m，於多孔板3 3 〇之 開口率爲0.24%，空氣層（間隔距離L4)爲45mm。（又， 包含有遮窗板鰭片之加工高度之面部16〇c的厚度爲 -35- 200837248 1 2 m m 〇 ) 如此地，由於面部1 6 〇 c、多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0、3 3 0分 別具有吸音峰値頻率，藉由將開口率、孔徑、板厚、多孔 板間之空氣層予以最佳化設計，如第1 3圖所示，可以設 定4個吸音峰値頻率，藉由將該等以連續地配置之方式來 設計，可以在廣帶域的頻帶區域得到較高的吸音率。 又，於第12圖，是在面部160c形成有遮窗板鰭片形 狀之多數的孔1 1 〇c，但並非侷限於此，對於多孔板3 1 0、 多孔板3 20、以及多孔板3 3 0也可以形成遮窗板鰭片形狀 之多數的孔。又，並不限定於遮窗板鰭片形狀，亦可以形 成爲狹縫形狀、圓形狀、橢圓形狀、以及不規則形狀之孔 等、或其他任意的孔形狀。 由以上所述，對於構成隔音牆1〇〇、l〇〇a、100b、 1 0 0 c之箱構件 1 5 0，由於是藉由複數個框構件 2 1 0、 220、230夾持複數個多孔板310、320來形成單元200， 在製造程序中可以容易地將該單元200投入於箱構件150 的內部空間。其結果，可以容易地製造隔音牆1〇〇，並可 以減少用以將複數個多孔板310、320固定於箱構件150 之內部空間的定位作業。又，藉由予以單元化，由於單元 2〇〇內部之各內部空間，除了多孔板310、320的多孔 3 1 5、3 2 5之外，可保持氣密，所以可以有效地減低來自 音源的聲音。又，於此情形時，來自音源的聲音，是由箱 構件1 5 0之多數的小孔1 1 0所吸音’然後再由複數個框構 件2 1 0、2 2 0、2 3 0所夾持的複數個多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0來吸 -36- 200837248 收聲音。 再者，兩片複數個多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0，是由3個框構 件210、220、230所夾持而單元化，可以容易地將單元 2 0 〇收納於箱構件1 5 0。又，3個框構件是由非導電體之 樹脂所形成，複數個多孔板310、320由於不接觸到箱構 件150的內周面，因此可以防止在製造時之多孔板310、 3 20的損傷，並可以防止多孔板310、320的電位腐蝕。 並且，可以讓隔音牆1 00的耐久性及耐候性提昇。其結 果，能夠長期地保有吸音性能。 又，複數個多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0是由鋁構件所形成，再 者，由於位於多孔板3 10、3 20上的多孔3 15、3 25是藉由 壓花加工所形成，故藉由壓花加工時之山形狀3 1 1及谷形 狀3 12，山形狀321及谷形狀322，可以提升多孔板 310、32〇的剛性，所以即使使用薄的多孔板310、320， 也可以提高多孔板3 1 0、320本身的剛性。其結果，可以 提高隔音牆1 0 0在製造上的作業效率。再者，因爲使用鋁 構件，故可以以低成本來製造，並且在容易加工下可以形 成多數的微小孔3 1 5、3 2 5，並提升回收再利用性。因 此’隔苜牆100之全部構件即使都是由鋁構件所成亦可。 又，由於是以隨著遠離音源，開口率變小之方式來配 置面部160、多孔板310、320，所以可以有效地減低寬廣 頻帶區域的聲音。再者，由於形成有排水（瀝水）用孔 1 ，故在設置於屋外之情形下，即使因雨水等之水分浸 入到箱構件1 5 0的內部空間時，可以從排水用孔丨8 〇排出 -37- 200837248 雨水，來防止電位腐触。 再者，由於藉由複數個框構件210、220、23 0 數個多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0所分離的複數個空間內之中 1空間內配置聲音衰減構件318、3 28、510、520 使之單元化，故可以容易地製造隔音牆1 〇〇，並且 只有複數個多孔板310、320之情形，可以更進一 地減低音源的聲音。 φ 又，聲音衰減構件510、52〇、53〇，因爲是由 材料、不織布、玻璃棉或是PET系纖維材料所構 以相較於僅於箱構件1 50的內部配置玻璃棉或是 纖維材料之情形，可以消除因自重造成之聲音衰 5 10、520、5 3 0的偏位。其結果，於隔音牆100可 地減低來自於音源的聲音。 又，對於構成隔音牆100c之箱構件15〇c，藉 數個框構件 210、220、230、240夾持複數個 • 3 10、320、3 3 0來形成單元2 0 0，在製造程序上可 地將該單元200投入於箱構件150c的內部空間 果，可以容易地製造隔音牆100c，並可以減少用 數個多孔板3 10、3 20、330固定於箱構件150c之 間的定位作業。又，藉由實施單元化，使單元200 各內部空間，除了多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0、3 3 0之多孑匕 325、3 3 5之外，保持於氣密，所以可以有效地減 於音源的聲音。又，此時，雨水被遮蔽，同時來自 的聲音，受到位於箱構件1 50c之遮窗板鰭片形狀 以及複 至少於 > 5 3 0 > 相較於 步有效 多孔質 成，所 PET系 減構件 以有效 由以複 多孔板 以容易 。其結 以將複 內部空 內部的 3 15^ 低來自 於音源 :之多數 -38 - 200837248 的小孔1 1 0所吸音同時穿透過，再藉由複數個框構件 210、220、230、240所夾持的複數個多孔板310、320、 3 3 0來吸收聲音。 又，4個框構件是由非導電體之樹脂所形成，複數個 多孔板310、320、330由於不接觸於箱構件150c的內周 面，所以可以防止在製造時之多孔板310、3 20、330的損 傷，並且可以防止多孔板310、320、3 3 0的電位腐飩。此 外，可以提昇隔音牆1 〇〇c的耐久性及耐候性。其結果， 能夠長期地保持吸音性能。 又，複數個多孔板310、320、33 0是由鋁構件所形 成，再者，位於多孔板 310、3 20、3 3 0之多孔 315、 3 2 5、3 3 5是藉由壓花加工所形成，由於利用壓花加工時 之山形狀及谷形狀可以提高多孔板310、320、3 3 0的剛 性，所以即使使用薄的多孔板310、320、3 3 0，也可以提 高多孔板3 1 0、3 20、3 3 0本身的剛性。其結果，可以提高 隔音牆100c在製造上的作業效率。再者，因爲使用銘構 件，故可以以低成本來製造，並且在容易加工下可以形成 多數的微小孔315、325、3 3 5，並提升回收再利用性。因 此，隔音牆1 〇 〇 c之全部構件即使都是由銘構件所成亦 可 〇 又，由於是以隨著遠離音源開口率變小之方式來配置 面部1 6 0 C、多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0、3 3 0，所以可以更爲有效地 減低寬廣頻帶區域的聲音。 再者，也可以是由複數個框構件210、220、230、 -39- 200837248 240以及複數個多孔板310、320、3 3 0所分離的複數個空 間內之中至少於1空間內配置聲音衰減構件3 1 8、328、 510、520、5 3 0，且更進一步地將其他的聲音衰減構件亦 同樣地配置於空氣層（間隔距離L4)來使之單元化，相較於 只有複數個多孔板310、320、330之情形，可以更進一步 有效地減低音源的聲音。 其次，說明本發明之第2實施形態。 (第2實施形態） 第14圖，是第2實施形態中之吸音構造體，其斷面 之一例的模式性斷面圖。 第1 4圖之吸音構造體1 00c，係包含有：第1板構件 160、多孔板310、320、以及第2板構件150。第1板構 件160，是以面向音源之方式所配置，多孔板310、320、 以及第2板構件150，是對於第1板構件160以成並排之 # 方式依序配置。又，於本實施形態中，多孔板3 1 0、3 20 以及第2柩構件150，相對於第1板構件160是以平行設 置之方式所圖示出，但並非限定於此，可以是以並排或是 任意的間隔或角度來配置亦可。 第14圖所示之吸音構造體100c，是在第1板構件 160與多孔板310之間；多孔板310與多孔板3 20之 間；多孔板3 2 0與第2板構件1 5 0之間，分別形成空氣 層。 於第1板構件1 60，設置有開口部1 1 0，開口部1 1 0 -40- 200837248 之孔徑，例如，爲〇.3mm以上，3mm以下，第1 160之開口率爲10%以下。又，於本實施形態中之 構件160及第2板構件150，是使用由鋼板（例如 候性浸鍍鋼板）所構成者。藉此，可以壓低箱_件 製造成本。 又，於多孔板3 1 0，設有開口部3 1 5，開口部 孔徑，例如，〇 · 〇 5 m m以上0 · 1 5 m m以下，多孔板 開口率爲0.3 %以上1 . 0 %以下。 又，於多孔板320，設有開口部3 2 5，開口部 孔徑，例如，〇.〇5mm以上0.15mm以下，多孔板 開口率爲0.2%以上0.8%以下。 對於通過此等開口部110、315、325之空氣， 之產生黏滯性作用而設定上述之各參數。藉此，當 開口部110、315、325之空氣產生黏滯性衰減作用 氣振動轉換爲熱能，空氣的振動產生衰減性之結果 在較爲寬廣頻帶區域發揮吸音效果。 又，在第1板構件160、多孔板310、320、第 件150之中，以第1板構件160的開口率爲最大， 孔板3 1 0、3 2 0之順序開口率變小。其結果’由於 板構件160、多孔板310、320發揮吸音效果之 同，因此對於使用此等吸音構造體100d ’遍及於 區域對具有共鳴頻率以外的頻率成分之噪音亦可以 音效果。 對於第1板構件1 6 0、多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0 ’藉由 板構件 第1板 ，局耐 150的 315的 310的 3 25的 3 20的 爲了使 對通過 時，空 ，能夠 2板構 再依多 在第1 頻帶不 寬頻帶 發揮吸 相互抑 •41 - 200837248 制吸音率的急劇低下，對於寬頻帶音域可以發揮高的吸音 效果。又，藉由依第1板構件160、多孔板3 10、320之 順序階段性地縮小開口率，對於波長比第1板構件1 60之 開口部110的吸音頻率還短的聲音，可以藉由多孔板 3 1 0、3 2 0來進行吸音，而對於波長比多孔板3〗〇之開口 部315的吸音頻率還短的聲音，可以藉由多孔板320來進 行吸音。 又，如第14圖所示，第1板構件160與多孔板310 之間隔爲距離L1，多孔板310與多孔板320之間隔爲距 離L2，多孔板320與第2板構件150之間隔爲距離L3。 如此地，距離L1、L2、L3設爲不同的距離，但並非限定 於此，全部皆由同一距離所構成亦可。 又，在本實施形態中，第1板構件1 60、多孔板 3 10、320及第2板構件150，雖爲具有矩形平板形狀者， 但並非限定於此，例如，亦可以設成由圓形形狀、橢圓形 狀、以及三角形形狀之平面所構成者。再者，吸音構造體 100c之弟1板構件160、多孔板310、320、以及第2板 構件1 5 0雖具有預定大小之面積，但並非限定於此，在爲 了解決製造上之課題下，也可以縮小吸音構造體1 0 0 c之 預定大小來形成，藉由將複數個吸音構造體100c予以倂 設來形成具有預定大小之面積的吸音構造體亦可。 再者，第1板構件16 0、多孔板3 10、3 2 0、以及第2 板構件1 5 0，雖是由平板所構成，但並非限定於此，也可 以是其一之構件爲平板所構成，而其他之構件由薄膜所構 -42- 200837248 成。又，全部的構件都由薄膜所成亦可。例如，第1板構 件160、多孔板310、320、以及第2板構件150，全部都 由鋼板（例如，高耐候性浸鍍鋼板）、鋁板材、樹脂等之任 意的板材所構成亦可。 其次，說明多孔板310及多孔板320之一例。第15 圖（a)是多孔板310的模式性斷面圖，第15圖（b)是多孔板 3 1 〇的模式性平面圖。 如第1 5圖（a)所示，多孔板3 1 0是藉由壓花加工而連 續地形成有山形狀3 1 1及谷形狀3 1 2。當藉由壓花加工之 山形狀3 1 1及谷形狀3 1 2超過了多孔板3 1 0之鋁板的延展 性時，於鋁板就會形成微小的多孔3 1 5。又，藉由壓花加 工所形成之微小的多孔3 1 5，並非是圓形的孔，而會成爲 接近十字型孔之形狀。以下，是將接近該十字型孔之形狀 當作成其孔面積是等價於圓形孔來進行說明。 如此地，藉由將鋁板予以壓花加工來進行加工，是能 夠形成均一且微小的多孔3 1 5。 又，如第1 5圖（b)所示，藉由使山形狀3 1 1及谷形狀 3 1 2交互地形成交錯的千鳥狀，可以提高多孔板3 1 0之剛 性。亦即，即使多孔板3 1 0之厚度較薄時，由於藉由壓花 加工可以提高剛性，故可以提升組裝效率。 其次，第16圖（a)是多孔板的模式性斷面圖，第16 圖（b)是多孔板的模式性平面圖。 如第1 6圖（a)所示，多孔板3 2 〇是錯由壓化加工而連 續地形成有山形狀321及谷形狀322。當藉由壓花加工之 -43- 200837248 山形狀321及谷形狀3 22超過了多孔板320之鋁 性時，於鋁板就會形成微小的多孔325。又，藉 工所形成之微小的多孔325，並非是圓形的孔， 接近十字型孔之形狀。以下，是將接近該十字型 當作成其孔面積是等價於圓形孔來進行說明。 如此地，藉由將鋁板予以壓花加工來進行加 夠形成均一且微小的多孔3 25。 φ 又，如第16圖（b)所示，藉由使山形狀321 3 22交互地形成交錯之千鳥狀，可以提高多孔板 性。亦即，即使多孔板3 20之厚度較薄時，由於 加工可以提高剛性，故可以提升組裝效率，使隔 之製造變得容易。 於第1 5圖所示之多孔板3 1 0，例如，開口 i 孔徑爲〇.〇5mm以上0.15mm以下，多孔板310 爲0.3%以上1.0%以下。 _ 於第1 6圖所示之多孔板3 2〇，例如，開口， 孔徑爲〇.〇5mm以上〇.15mm以下，多孔板320 爲0.2%以上0.8%以下。 又，於第15圖及第16圖，是使多孔板31 ‘ 鋁構件所構成，但並非侷限於此，由其他之任意 工構件、或是由樹脂等所構成亦可。再者，形成 3 10、320的孔3 15、325雖是由壓花加工所形成 限定於此，藉由沖孔加工、或是藉由其他任意之 成亦可。 板的延展 由壓花加 而會成爲 孔之形狀 二H ， 胃會含 及谷形狀 3 20之剛 藉由壓花 音牆100 i 3 15 之 之開口率 325 之 之開口率 卜320由 的金屬加 於多孔板 ，但並非 加工所形 -44 - 200837248 其次’第17圖，用以說明在吸音構造體i〇〇d更包含 有聲音衰減構件510、520、53 0之吸音構造體l〇〇e的模 式性斷面圖。 如第17圖所示，於吸音構造體1 00d，由第丨板構件 1 6 0與多孔板3 1 0所形成的空氣層中設有聲音衰減構件 5 1 0 ’由多孔板3 1 0與多孔板3 2 0所形成的空氣層中設有 聲音衰減構件520，由多孔板320與第2板構件150所形 成的空熱層中設有聲首哀;減構件5 3 0。 又’於上述的吸音構造體100d，是在各空氣層設置 聲音衰減構件510、520、及5 3 0，但並非限定此於，設置 聲音衰減構件510、520、530之中之至少1個聲音衰減構 件亦可；將聲音衰減構件5 1 0、5 2 0、及5 3 0分別固定於 第1板構件1 6 0、多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0、及第2板構件1 5 0亦 可〇 藉此，對於僅由第1板構件160、多孔板310、3 20、 以及第2板構件150所構成的吸音構造體100d之吸音效 果，由於可以再加算上聲音衰減構件510、520、5 3 0的吸 音效果，可以實現更佳的吸音效果。 又，聲音衰減構件 510、520、及 53 0，可以由 PET 系纖維樹脂製成，也可以是玻璃棉、石棉、連續氣泡氨基 甲酸乙酯、不織布、或是其他任意之構件所成。 接著，說明使用第18圖之吸音構造體100f。第18 圖是用以說明已將聲音衰減構件貼著於多孔板3 1 〇及多孔 板3 20之狀態下的模式性斷面圖。吸音構造體l〇〇f ’是 -45- 200837248 對吸音構造體l〇〇d之多孔板310、3 20貼著聲音衰減構件 者。 如第18圖所示，於多孔板310及多孔板320之全面 分別貼著聲音衰減構件3 1 8及聲音衰減構件3 2 8。藉此， 可以增加多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 20的剛性。再者，多孔板 310、320，由於是與聲音衰減構件318、328 —同由複合 材料所形成，所以可以減低共振峰値。 其結果，於多孔板310及多孔板320可以更進一步有 效地減低聲音。又，於本例中，雖是將聲音衰減構件 3 1 8、3 2 8全面貼著於多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 2 0，但並非限 定於此，也可以在多孔板3 1 0及多孔板320的外周部貼著 聲音衰減構件3 1 8、3 2 8，或是在多孔板3 1 0及多孔板3 2 0 之僅其表面或背面中之任何一方來貼著聲音衰減構件 3 1 8、3 2 8亦可。又，作爲聲音衰減構件3 1 8、3 2 8，可以 使用任意之各種膠帶構件、塗層材料、塗佈材料、或是任 意之構件等。再者，於本實施形態中，雖使用了一片多孔 板3 1 0及一片多孔板3 20，但並非限定於此，亦可使用具 備有衰減功能的多孔板，更進一步地使用由複數片多孔板 重層所成的多孔板亦可。亦即，使相同的多孔板或不同的 多孔板相接觸而成爲一個多孔板來使用亦可。利用此等手 段，藉由對多孔板賦予衰減能力，並減低因多孔板共振所 產生的振動’增大多孔板與空氣之相對速度差，可以防止 吸音性能的降低。 如以上所述般，於吸音構造體1 〇 〇 d、1 〇 0 e、1 0 0 f，由 -46 - 200837248 於是以隨著遠離音源，開口率變小之方式來配置第1板構 件160及多孔板310、320，故可以階段性地、且有效地 減低來自音源之廣帶音域的聲音。 又，由於在第1板構件160、多孔板310、320、及第 2板構件1 50之各別之間至少一處配置聲音衰減構件 510、520、5 3 0，故相較於僅有第1板構件160、多孔板 3 10、320、以及第2板構件150之情形時可以更加有效地 減低音源的聲音。又，聲音衰減構件510、520、530，由 於是由多孔質材料、不織布、玻璃棉、或是PET(P〇ly Ethylene Terephthalate)系纖維材料所形成，所以可以更 加有效地減低音源的聲音。 又，開口部1 1 0、3 1 5、3 2 5，由於亦可以是小孔、圓 形的孔、狹縫形狀的孔、不規則形狀的孔、遮窗板鰭片形 狀的孔之中之任一者，所以能夠減低製造成本。 又，由於第1板構件160、多孔板310、320、第2板 構件1 5 0全都是由鋁構件所構成，故可以以低成本來製 造，並且加工容易，可以形成多數個微小的孔3 15、 3 2 5。又，藉由利用鋁構件，可提升回收再利用性。 又，開口部3 1 5、3 2 5，因爲是由壓花加工所形成， 所以可以均一地形成開口部。又，由於藉由壓花加工時所 形成之山形狀及谷形狀，可以提高多孔板的剛性，即使使 用薄的多孔板310、320，可以提高多孔板310、320本身 的剛性，而可以效率良好地吸收聲音。 又，多孔板310、320本身，在具有衰減構造之情形 -47- 200837248 時’可以減低由多孔板310、320之共振所產生的振動， 增大多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0與空氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性 能的下降。其結果，吸音構造體，可以有效地減低來自音 源的聲音。 又，使多孔板310、320接觸配置亦可，亦可由具有 防振性之板構件所形成。此情形下，由於多孔板本身具備 有防振性，故可以減低起因於多孔板共振之振動，增大多 孔板310、320與空氣的相對速度差，防止吸音性能的下 降。其結果’吸苜構造體，可以有效地減低來自音源的聲 音。 於上述第1實施形態中，壁構造100、l〇〇a、100b、 1 00c是相當於吸音構造體，面部1 60是相當於多孔面， 箱構件1 5 0是相當於箱構件，多孔板3 1 0、3 2 0、3 3 0是相 當於複數個多孔板，第1框構件210、第2框構件2 2 0、 第3框構件23 0、第4框構件是相當於複數個支持框，單 元200是相當於單元化，山形狀31丨及谷形狀312、山形 狀321及谷形狀322是相當於由壓花加工所成之形狀，聲 音衰減構件3 1 8、聲音衰減構件3 2 8、聲音衰減構件 510、520、53 0是相當於聲音衰減構件，排水用孔180是 相當於排水孔。 又，於上述第2實施形態，吸音構造體10〇d、 l〇〇e、100f是相當於吸音構造體，第i板構件16〇是相當 於第1板構件，第2板構件〗50是相當於第2板構件，多 孔板3 1 0、320是相當於複數個多孔板，開口部〗丨〇、 -48- 200837248 315、325是相當於開口部，山形狀3i〗及谷形狀312、山 形狀321及谷形狀322是相當於由壓花加工所成之形狀， 聲音衰減構件318、聲音衰減構件328、聲音衰減構件 5 10、520、53 0是相當於聲音衰減構件。 本發明，雖記載著上述之較佳的第1及第2實施形 態，不過本發明並非是僅限定於該等形態。當可理解在不 脫離本發明之精神及範圍是可實施其他各式各樣的實施形 態。再者，於本實施形態中，雖已說明依本發明之構成所 具有之作用及效果，不過此等作用及效果，僅爲其一例， 並非藉此來限定本發明。再者，於本實施之形態中，作爲 吸音構造體雖例示出隔音牆，不過並非限定於此，亦可以 適用於其他任意的吸音構造體。 [產業上之可利用性] 本發明，係能夠利用在減低來自音源之聲音的吸音構 造體。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是顯示使用吸音構造體之隔音牆之一例的模式 性立體圖。 第2圖是顯示複數個單元之一例的模式性說明圖。 第3圖是顯示將複數個單元容納於箱構件之狀態，其 斷面之一例的模式性斷面圖。 第4圖是放大隔音牆之一部分的模式性立體圖。 -49- 200837248 第5圖（a)是多孔板的模式性斷面圖，（b)是多孔板的 模式性平面圖。 第6圖（a)是多孔板的模式性斷面圖，（b)是多孔板的 模式性平面圖。 第7圖是用以說明表面之孔、多孔板之開口率的模式 圖。 第8圖是用以說明多孔板之開口率的模式圖。 • 第9圖是用以說明將聲音衰減構件貼著於多孔板之狀 態的模式圖。 .第1 〇圖是用以說明將聲音衰減構件貼著於多孔板之 狀態的模式圖。 第11圖是用以說明包含聲音衰減構件之隔音牆的模 式性斷面圖。 第1 2圖是用來說明隔音牆之一例的模式圖。 第1 3圖是用以說明第11圖中之隔音牆之效果的模式 ⑩ 圖。 第1 4圖是第2實施形態中之吸音構造體，其斷面之 一例的模式性斷面圖。 第15圖（a)是多孔板的模式性斷面圖，（b)是多孔板的 ‘模式性平面圖。 第16圖（a)是多孔板的模式性斷面圖，（b)是多孔板的 模式性平面圖。 第1 7圖是用以說明在吸音構造體更包含有聲音衰減 構件之吸音構造體的模式性斷面圖。 -50- 200837248 第18圖是用以說明將聲音衰減構件貼著於多孔板之 狀態的模式性斷面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 :壁構造、吸音構造體 15 〇 :箱構件、第2板構件 160 :面部、第1板構件 φ 1 8 0 :排水用孔 200 :單元 210 :第1支持框（第1框構件） 220 :第2支持框（第2框構件） 23 0 :第3支持框（第3框構件） 240 :第4支持框（第4框構件） 310、 320、 330 ：多孑L板 3 1 1、3 2 1 :山形狀 Φ 312 、 322 :谷形狀 3 1 8、3 2 8 :聲音衰減構件 510、5 20、530 :聲音衰減構件 L1 :第1框構件的厚度 L2 :第2框構件的厚度 L3 :第3框構件的厚度 -51 -BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sound absorbing structure that can reduce sound from a sound source in a field where railways, roads, and other sounds are generated. [Prior Art] In the past, in order to prevent noise in neighboring houses or public facilities, a sound absorbing wall or the like as a sound absorbing structure is used around railway facilities, highways, and the like. Further, in a room such as a conference room or a concert hall, a sound absorbing structure is used in order to prevent sound from leaking to an adjacent room or to generate unnecessary noise. For example, Patent Document i discloses a frame structure having a baffle and a baffle having the frame structure. The purpose of the sound insulating panel described in Patent Document 1 is to provide a structure in which, when a traffic accident occurs, even if a soundproofing plate is hit from a stacked cargo on the vehicle, the cargo passes through the sound insulating panel, and the member is less likely to be caused. The frame structure of the soundproof board such as flying. In the structure of the baffle plate described in Patent Document 1, a rectangular baffle plate in which a frame body is formed around a baffle having a sound insulating property is used, and the bending strength of the opposing frame members is substantially the same. As a result, when the goods falling from the vehicle are hit, since the frame materials facing each other are deformed to the same extent, it is possible to prevent the goods from passing through the sound insulating plate. Moreover, when a penetration preventing material is used to prevent the penetration, it is also possible to obtain a penetration preventing material that prevents the load from being concentrated on one of the frame materials, thereby causing the penetration of the penetration preventing material. Or to prevent the damage of the baffle. On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a sound absorbing device of a flat plate. The sound absorbing device described in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which a plurality of creative punches are applied to a metal surface plate and an inner panel, and a coarse mesh such as a cold yarn is laid on the back surface of the surface plate. The surface plate and the inner panel are connected to the metal frame, and the inner hollow portion surrounded by the gap is filled with a glass wool material or a rock wool material as a sound absorbing plate, and a sound absorbing plate or two sound absorbing panels are used for sound absorbing. In the case where one piece is used, a longitudinal air layer portion is formed between the other flat plates or the wall, and the metal side frame is sealed with a gap without a gap, and when one piece is used, The sound absorbing panels are opposed to each other in a back-to-back manner, and a longitudinal air layer portion is formed between the back sheets, and the end faces are sealed with a metal side frame without a gap. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-523 No. [Patent Document 2] JP-A-62-0790 The soundproof board has an effect on the strength in the event of an accident, but it does not improve the sound insulation necessary for normal use. Further, since the member is fixed inside the baffle, it is difficult to manufacture. On the other hand, in the sound absorbing device described in Patent Document 2, the inner hollow portion is filled with a glass wool material or the like, and since the sound absorbing device must be uniformly filled with the glass wool material, it is necessary to have a high-frequency sound absorbing device manufacturing technique. . -6- 200837248 • Also, since the sound absorbing panels are fixed at the time of manufacture, they must be positioned, which makes manufacturing difficult. Further, in the sound insulating plate described in Patent Document 1 and the sound absorbing device described in Patent Document 2, it is difficult to obtain a high sound attenuation effect in a wide-band sound range. That is, the noise in reality is dependent on the sound of the wide-band sound field. Therefore, in Patent Document 2, only the glass wool is used for sound absorption, and it is impossible to have high weather resistance and it is not possible to stably reduce the sound of the wide-band sound φ domain. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing structure which is easy to assemble and which has a high sound absorbing effect and which has weather resistance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sound absorbing structure which has high weather resistance and can stably reduce sound in a wide-band sound range. [Technical means for solving the problem of the invention] (1) The sound absorbing structure of the present invention is directed to a sound absorbing structure that can absorb sound from a sound source, and includes a porous surface having a plurality of openings at least one surface. a box member and a perforated plate having a plurality of openings and separating the internal space of the box member into a plurality of spaces, and a plurality of supports for holding the perforated plate and forming an outer space along the inner space of the box member And the plurality of 200837248* support frames and the perforated plate are unitized by sandwiching the multi-well plate with a plurality of support frames. The sound absorbing structure of the present invention is made. An internal space having a box member having a plurality of openings at least one surface portion is separated into a plurality of spaces by one or a plurality of perforated plates having a plurality of openings. Further, the plurality of support frames sandwiching one or a plurality of perforated plates have an outer shape along the inner space of the box member. In this case, the box member constituting the sound absorbing structure is unitized by sandwiching the perforated plate by a plurality of support frames, and the unit can be easily put into the inner space of the box member in the manufacturing process. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can be easily manufactured, and the positioning work for fixing the perforated plate to a predetermined position in the internal space of the box member can be reduced. Therefore, the sound absorbing structure becomes easy to assemble. Further, by unitization, since the internal spaces inside the unit can be kept airtight except for the opening of the perforated plate, the sound from the sound source can be effectively reduced. Further, since the member having weather resistance can be assembled as appropriate, the weather resistance of the sound absorbing structure of the present invention can be maintained high, and the structure of the sound absorbing structure is less likely to change over a long period of time. Therefore, the sound absorbing performance does not deteriorate even if it is used for a long period of time. (2) The box member is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped, and the porous surface is disposed facing the sound source. The plurality of support frames may be formed by arranging the porous plates in parallel with the porous surface. In this case, the sound from the sound source can efficiently penetrate through the porous surface of the box member, and the sound is absorbed by the plurality of perforated plates held by the support frame. As a result, the sound -8 - 200837248 from the sound source can be efficiently absorbed, so that the sound can be efficiently reduced. (3) The perforated plate is composed of a plurality of perforated plates, and a plurality of perforated plates are respectively disposed in a gap formed by the plurality of support frames, and the plurality of perforated plates and the plurality of support frames are unitized. In the case where the unit member is housed in the box member, the plurality of perforated plates may be formed so as not to be in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the box member. In this case, a plurality of perforated plates are unitized by a plurality of support frames, and the unitized members can be easily accommodated in the case member. Further, since a plurality of perforated plates are not in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the box member, damage of the perforated plate can be prevented at the time of manufacture. Further, if the perforated plate and the box member are composed of different metal materials, potential corrosion can be prevented. Further, by unitization, since the internal spaces inside the unit can be kept airtight except for the opening of the perforated plate, the sound from the sound source can be effectively reduced. (4) A plurality of support frames are preferably formed of non-conductors. In this case, since a plurality of support frames are formed of a non-conductor, from the viewpoint of sound absorption, even if the perforated plate and the box member are composed of a highly rigid electric conductor, the perforated plate and the box member There is no direct contact between them. Further, it is possible to prevent the metal such as a screw for fixing the box member and the support frame from coming into contact with the perforated plate. As a result, potential corrosion does not occur between the perforated plate and the box member, and durability and weather resistance can be improved. Its -9-200837248 β results in maintaining sound absorption performance under long-term use. (5) A plurality of support frames are preferably formed of a resin. In this case, since a plurality of support frames are formed of a resin, the support frame can be formed at a low price. Further, even when the perforated plate and the box member are composed of an electric conductor, the perforated plate and the box member do not directly contact each other. Further, it is possible to prevent contact between the metal such as the φ screw and the porous plate when fixing the box member and the support frame. As a result, no potential corrosion occurs between the perforated plate and the box member, and durability and weather resistance can be improved. As a result, it is possible to efficiently reduce the sound from the sound source under long-term use. (6) A plurality of support frames may have the same thickness in the stacking direction. In this case, by unifying the thicknesses of the plurality of support frames, the intervals in the perforated plates are made equal, thereby achieving cost reduction and ease of manufacture. ( (7) A plurality of support frames which are perpendicular to the lamination direction The width is 1/2 or less from the wavelength of the sound source. In this case, since the plurality of support frames are set to have a width in the vertical direction with respect to the stacking direction of 1 /2 or less from the wavelength of the sound source, it is possible to prevent the sound from diffusing through the perforated plate. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (8) The porous surface and the above-mentioned porous plate, which are located on the porous surface and the opening of the porous plate, -10-200837248, have different aperture ratios, and are such that the aperture ratio of the porous surface and the porous plate becomes smaller as the distance from the sound source is small. It can also be formed. In this case, since the porous surface and the perforated plate are arranged such that the aperture ratio source which becomes the opening portion away from the sound becomes small, the sound segment from the wide-band range of the sound source can be stepwisely and effectively reduced. . (9) at least one of the porous surface and the porous plate is defined by dividing the thickness of the opening by the diameter of the opening as X, and the opening ratio of the opening is y to satisfy yS 0. 0086X + 0. The way of the relationship of 0076 can also be formed. (10) The perforated plate is composed of a plurality of perforated plates, and at least one of the plurality of perforated plates and the plurality of perforated plates is disposed at a position farthest from the sound source to satisfy y$0. 0086x + 0. The way of the relationship of 0076 is also possible. (11) further comprising a sound attenuating member disposed in at least one of a plurality of spaces separated by the plurality of support frames and the perforated plate, and causing the sound attenuating member and the plural The support and the above-mentioned porous plate may be unitized. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is unitized in at least one of a plurality of spaces separated by the plurality of support frames and the perforated plate, the sound absorbing structure can be easily manufactured. Compared with the case of only a perforated plate, the sound of the sound source can be more effectively reduced to -11 - 200837248. (12) The sound attenuating member may be formed of a porous material. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is formed of a porous material, the sound of the sound source can be more effectively reduced. (13) The sound attenuating member may be formed by non-woven fabric. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is formed by the non-woven fabric, the sound of the sound source can be more effectively reduced. (14) The sound attenuating member may be formed of a glass wool or a PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) fiber material. In this case, when the sound attenuating member is formed of a glass wool or a PET-based fiber material, since glass wool or PET-based fiber material is disposed in each space, it is only in a large box as compared with the conventional one. When the glass wool or the PET-based fiber material is disposed inside the large space of the member, the deviation of the sound attenuating member due to its own weight can be minimized. Further, even when the amount of the sound attenuating member is small, a sound absorbing structure composed of a perforated plate can be expected, and a further sound attenuating member can achieve a further sound attenuating effect. Therefore, the sound from the sound source can be effectively reduced in the sound absorbing structure. (15) The opening may be formed by a small hole. -12- 200837248 In this case, since the opening is formed by the small hole, the sound of the bass source can be effectively reduced. (16) The opening may be formed by a circular hole. Since the opening portion is formed by a circular hole, it can be easily manufactured at a low cost. (17) The opening may be formed by a slit-shaped hole. In this case, since the opening portion is formed by the slit-shaped hole, the sound from the sound source can be reduced. Also in the shape of the slit is also included in the shape of the shutter fin. (18) The opening may be formed by an irregularly shaped hole. In this case, since the opening portion is formed by an irregularly shaped hole, a part of the hole including the cross-shaped hole or the like formed by the embossing has an acute angle shape, so that it can be easily and at low cost. To manufacture. (19) The perforated plate is preferably formed of an aluminum member. In this case, since the perforated plate is formed of an aluminum member, it can be manufactured at low cost, and the processing is easy, and a large number of minute holes can be formed. Moreover, recycling and recyclability can be improved by using an aluminum member. (20) Phase members are preferably formed by Ming members. -13- 200837248 In this case, since the box member is formed of an aluminum member, it can be manufactured at a low cost and is easy to process, and a large number of minute holes can be formed. Further, the recycling property can be improved by using the aluminum member'. (21) The opening is preferably formed by embossing. In this case, since the opening portion of the perforated plate is formed by embossing, minute holes can be uniformly formed. In addition, the mountain shape and the valley shape when φ is processed by embossing can increase the rigidity of the perforated plate. Therefore, even when a thin porous plate is used, the rigidity of the perforated plate itself can be improved, which can improve the manufacture of the sound absorbing structure. Work efficiency at the time. Further, when a perforated plate is formed by embossing, when it is held by a plurality of support frames, it is possible to form a very small gap between the perforated plate and the plurality of support frames, and it is expected to have a drainage effect. (22) The opening may be formed by punching. Φ In this case, a large number of openings can be formed by punching even if a thick plate is used. (23) The perforated plate may have an attenuating structure. In this case, since the perforated plate itself has the attenuating structure, the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate can be reduced, and the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air can be increased to prevent the sound absorbing performance from deteriorating. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. -14- (24) 200837248 Attenuation structure is also applied to the porous plate by coating treatment. In this case, the porous plate is composed of a composite material by subjecting the porous plate to a coating treatment. As a result, the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate can be reduced, the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air can be increased, and the sound absorbing property B 匕 can be prevented from being lowered. As a result, the sucking structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (25) • The perforated plate may be composed of at least two perforated plates that are placed in contact with each other. In this case, by allowing the two porous plates to be in contact with each other, since the porous® itself has vibration-proof property, the vibration caused by the resonance of the porous plate can be reduced, and the relative speed difference between the porous plate and the air is increased. Preventing the sound absorbing performance from deteriorating · ° As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the vocal folds from the sound source. (26) The β-perforated plate may be formed of a plate having vibration-proof properties. In this case, since the perforated plate itself is provided with vibration-proof property, it is possible to reduce the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air by the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, and to prevent the sound absorbing performance from being lowered. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (27) It is preferable that the box member is formed with a drainage hole penetrating the internal space and the outside. In this case, since the drain hole is formed, when it is installed outside the house, that is, -15-200837248, when the water such as rainwater is immersed in the inner space of the box member, the rainwater can be discharged from the drain hole to prevent the box member. The internal potential is rotted and there is no decrease in sound absorbing performance due to blockage of water caused by water accumulation. (28) The sound absorbing structure of the present invention is a sound absorbing structure that can absorb sound from a sound source, and includes a first plate member having a plurality of openings and a second plate member facing the first plate member. And a perforated plate having a plurality of openings ' disposed between the first plate member and the second plate member; and the first plate member and the perforated plate at the opening of the first plate member and the perforated plate The rate is different, and is arranged in the order of the first plate member, the perforated plate, and the second plate member, and is formed so as to decrease the aperture ratio of the first plate member and the perforated plate away from the sound source. . In this case, since the first plate member and the perforated plate are disposed so that the aperture ratio of the opening portion becomes smaller as it goes away from the sound source, the sound from the wide-band sound range of the sound source can be stepwise and effectively reduce. (29) At least one of the first plate member and the perforated plate is defined by dividing the thickness of the opening by the aperture of the opening as X, and the opening ratio of the opening as y to satisfy y. 〇〇86x + 0. The relationship between 0〇76 can also be formed. (30) The perforated plate is composed of a plurality of perforated plates, and at least one of the plurality of perforated plates is disposed at a position farthest from the sound source to satisfy -16-200837248 y S 0. 008 6x + 0. The way of the relationship of 0 076 can also be formed. (31) Further, the sound attenuating member may be disposed between at least one of the first plate member and the perforated plate, between the perforated plates, and between the perforated plate and the second plate member. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is disposed in at least one of the first plate member, the perforated plate, and the second plate member, only the first plate member, the perforated plate, and the second plate are provided. In the case of components, the sound of the bass source can be reduced more effectively. (32) The sound attenuating member may be formed of a porous material. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is formed of a porous material, the sound of the bass source can be more effectively reduced. (33) The sound attenuating member may be formed of a non-woven fabric. In this case, since the sound attenuating member is formed of a non-woven fabric, the sound of the bass source can be more effectively reduced. (34) The sound attenuating member may be formed of a glass wool or a PET (Poly Ethylene Terephthalate) fiber material. In this case, when the sound attenuating member is formed of a glass wool or a PET-based fiber material, since glass wool or PET-based fiber material is disposed in each space, it is only in a large box as compared with the conventional one. In the case where the large space of the member is placed inside the glass wool or the PET-based fiber material -17-200837248, the deviation of the sound attenuating member due to its own weight can be minimized. Further, even when the amount of the sound attenuating member is small, a sound absorbing structure composed of a perforated plate can be expected, and a further sound attenuating member can achieve a further sound attenuating effect. Therefore, the sound from the sound source can be effectively reduced in the sound absorbing structure. (35) # The opening is formed by a small hole. In this case, since the opening portion is formed by the small hole, the sound of the bass source can be effectively reduced. (36) The opening may be formed by a circular hole. Since the opening portion is formed by a circular hole, it can be easily and inexpensively manufactured. (37) • The opening may be formed by a slit-shaped hole. In this case, since the opening portion is formed by the slit-shaped hole, the sound from the sound source can be reduced. Also, among the slit shapes, the shape of the shutter fins is also included. (38) The opening may be formed by an irregularly shaped hole. In this case, since the opening portion is formed by an irregularly shaped hole, a part of the hole including the cross-shaped hole or the like formed by the embossing has an acute angle shape, so that it can be easily and at low cost. Manufactured from -18-200837248. (39) The perforated plate is preferably formed of an aluminum member. In this case, since the perforated plate is formed of an aluminum member, it can be manufactured at low cost, and the processing is easy, and a large number of minute holes can be formed. Moreover, by utilizing an aluminum member, recycling and recyclability can be improved. (40) • The first plate member and the second plate member are preferably made of an aluminum member. In this case, since the first plate member and the second plate member are made of an aluminum member, they can be manufactured at low cost, and the processing is easy, and a large number of minute holes can be formed. Further, by utilizing the aluminum member, the recycling property can be improved. (41) The opening is preferably formed by embossing. In this case, since the opening portion of the perforated plate is formed by the embossing process, the micro holes can be uniformly formed. Moreover, since the rigidity of the perforated plate can be improved by the shape of the mountain and the shape of the valley during embossing, the rigidity of the perforated plate itself can be improved even when a thin perforated plate is used, which can improve the production of the sound absorbing structure. Work efficiency. (42) The opening may be formed by punching. In this case, a large number of openings can be formed by punching even if a thick plate is used. -19- (43) 200837248 Multi-well plate with attenuating structure. In this case, since the perforated plate itself has the attenuating structure, the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate can be reduced, and the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air can be increased to prevent the sound absorbing performance from deteriorating. As a result, the sound absorption structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (44) The attenuating structure is also applied to the porous plate by coating. • In this case, the porous plate is composed of a composite material by applying a coating treatment to the perforated plate. As a result, the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate can be reduced, the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air can be increased, and the sound absorbing performance can be prevented from being lowered. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (45) The perforated plate is composed of at least two perforated plates arranged in contact with each other. In this case, the two perforated plates are placed in contact with each other, and the pair of perforated plates themselves are provided with vibration-proof properties. It can reduce the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, increase the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air, and prevent the sound absorbing performance from deteriorating. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (46) The perforated plate ' may be formed of a plate material having vibration resistance. In this case, since the perforated plate itself is provided with vibration resistance, it is possible to reduce the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, increase the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air, and prevent the sound absorbing performance from deteriorating. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. (47) The sound absorbing structure of the present invention includes: a casing having a face portion of the first hole; and having a first frame, a second frame, and being sandwiched between the first frame and the second frame; The intermediate member having the second hole is formed by a unit member housed in the outer casing, and the face of the outer casing is disposed opposite to the intermediate member. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, first and second embodiments of the present invention will be described. Further, in the first embodiment, a sound absorbing structure applied to a sound insulating wall structure will be described. (First Embodiment) Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a sound insulating wall using a sound absorbing structure. The sound insulating wall 1 of Fig. 1 is composed of a box member 150 having a space formed therein. In the box member 150, a plurality of small holes 1 10 are formed in the face portion 160. Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of small holes 1 10 are formed by punching. These majority of the small holes 1 1 0, for example, the hole diameter is 0. 3 mm or more and 3 mm or less, the aperture ratio of the face 1 60 is 10% or less. Further, the box member 150 is made of a steel sheet (for example, a highly weather-resistant immersion-plated steel sheet). Thereby, the manufacturing cost of the box member 150 can be lowered. Further, as shown in Fig. 1, there are a plurality of units 200 in the box member 150. This plural unit will be described later. Further, in Fig. 2, the description is based on the state of the portion, but it is in the state of actual use. Further, the face portion 1 60 as the cover portion may be detachably formed. Further, at this time, 150 is ideal for the same member. Further, in the present embodiment, the configuration of the box structure will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be composed of other members or resin. Further, the plurality of small holes 1 10 are formed by punching, by embossing, or by other means: second, the second figure is a plurality of unit explanatory views. Fig. 2 is a view showing a state in which the internal structure of the unit 200 is separated from the box member 55 〇 Φ. As shown in Fig. 2, the unit 200 is composed of: the second frame member 2 2 0 and the third frame member. 2 3 〇 and plate 320 are formed. As shown in Fig. 2, a perforated plate 301 is interposed between the first frame members 21 0, and a perforated plate 320 is interposed between the second frame members 230. Further, the first frame member 220 and the third frame member 230 are formed by substantially the same outer dimensions of the space region. The internal space, the detailed description of the setting 200 is on the open box member 150, and the entire surface of the six-sided cladding is screwed, but the screw and the box member 150 are made of metal. Although the formation of the face portion 160 is described, it is not limited to the mode in which the processing is formed. One unit 200 is formed: a unit 200, a first frame member 21 0, a perforated plate 3 10, and a porous and second frame member 220 220. In addition to the third frame member frame member 210 and the second and box members 150, in the present embodiment, the first frame member 210, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 230 are subjected to the first frame member 210, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 23 0. Although not limited to this, the unit 200 may be configured by other plural members or the like. Further, the unit 200 is preferably one having a shape occupying the internal space of the box member 150. Next, Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross section in which a plurality of units 200 are housed in the box member 150. # As shown in FIG. 3, the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 301 is sandwiched between the first frame member 210 and the second frame member 220, and is sandwiched between the second frame member 220 and the third frame member 230. The outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 320 is placed. Further, in the first frame member 210, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 203, the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 32 are clamped by sandwiching the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 3 2 0. It is formed in such a manner that it does not come into contact with the face of the internal space located in the box member 15〇. Further, as shown in Fig. 3, the thickness of the first frame member 210 is L1, the thickness of the second frame member 220 is L2, and the thickness of the third frame member 230 is L3. These thicknesses LI, L2, and L3 are determined by the wavelength of the chopping wave to be sucked, the thickness of the perforated plate, the aperture, and the aperture ratio among the first waves transmitted from the sound source (sound source). Therefore, in the present embodiment, the numbers 1、, L2, and L3 are different, but the number is not limited thereto, and any two of the thicknesses may be the same number 値 or all of the thicknesses L1, L2. L3 is the same number. Further, the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320' are not limited to be arranged in completely parallel, and may be substantially parallel, arranged side by side, or the like, or may be opposed by any angle -23-200837248. Next, the first frame member 210, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 230 are made of resin, and the above-described case member 150 is made of a steel plate. Further, the porous plate 3 10 and the porous plate 3 2 0 which will be described later are made of an aluminum plate. Further, all of the members may be composed of an aluminum member. Therefore, there is no possibility of deterioration of the member due to potential corrosion. For example, in addition to the first frame member, the second frame member, and the third frame member, the box member 150, the perforated plates 310, 320, and the screws are all composed of an aluminum member, and the occurrence of potential corrosion can be surely prevented. Further, the first frame member 2 1 0, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 23 0 may be screwed or connected to each other by a bonding material, or may be connected to each other by a bonding material or Use ultrasonic waves for crimping. At this time, as shown in Fig. 3, the outer peripheral portions of the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 320 are supported by the first frame member 210, the second frame member 220, and the third frame member 230. As a result, the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320 do not contact the case member 150. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an electrical chemical reaction (hereinafter, simply referred to as potential uranium) from being generated in the perforated plates 310, 420 and the box member 150 by the influence of humidity or the like. That is, the potential corrosion reaction is a different metal. In the present embodiment, the steel plate and the aluminum plate are different metals, and are generated when they are in contact with each other in a state of having moisture (having an electrolyte). In the present embodiment, since the sound insulating wall 1 is usually installed outdoors, it is easily exposed to wind and rain. Therefore, when the steel plate is in contact with the aluminum plate, the metal portion disappears due to corrosion. As a result, the perforated plates 310 and 320 are also likely to have a tendency to eliminate the damage, and are disadvantageous -24-200837248 for weather resistance. However, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a reaction, and to prevent the breakage of the perforated plates 3 1 0 and 3 2 0 and to improve the weather resistance. Next, Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing one of the enlarged sound insulating walls. As shown in Fig. 4, a drain (drain) hole 180 is formed in the box member of the soundproof wall. Therefore, when the soundproofing is installed outside the house, rainwater or the like that has passed through the hole 1 of the face portion 1 60 and enters the case member 150 can be discharged as described above. In the soundproof wall of the present embodiment, it is a The first frame member 21 0, the second frame member 220, and J 230 ' are formed by contacting the perforated plate 310, the perforated plate 320, and the box member, and further, the drainage hole is formed to prevent the potential corrosion reaction. . Next, the porous plate 310 and the porous plate 320 will be described. A schematic cross-sectional view of the first orifice plate 310, and (b) is a plan view of the perforated plate 310. As shown in Fig. 5(a), the perforated plate 310 is formed by continuously forming a mountain shape 31 and a valley shape 31. When the shape of the porous plate 3 1 0 is exceeded by the mountain shape 3 1 1 and the valley shape 3 1 2, minute pores 315 are formed in the aluminum plate. Moreover, the tiny porous 3 1 5 formed by the work is not a circular hole close to the shape of the cross-shaped hole. Hereinafter, the description will be made by taking the cross as the hole area equivalent to the circular hole. The stop potential corrosion is bad, and can be divided into a pattern of 150 一 100 即使 100 even if the majority of the small 〇 by the resin spring 3 frame member 150 is not connected to 180, so 5 (a) is much The patterning of the flat flower processing and the embossing of the aluminum sheet is extended by the embossing, which will become the shape of the hole -2537283248. Thus, by processing the aluminum sheet by embossing, it is uniform and Tiny porous 3 1 5 . Further, as shown in Fig. 5(b), by making the mountain shape 3 1 1 and the valley 3 1 2 alternately form a staggered bird shape, the porous plate 3 10 can be improved. That is, even when the thickness of the perforated plate 310 is thin, the rigidity can be improved by the processing, so that the assembly efficiency can be improved and the production of the sound insulating wall can be facilitated. The pores of the microporous 3 1 5 of the perforated plate 3 10 shown in Fig. 5 are, for example, 0. 05mm or more and 0·15mm or less, the opening of the porous plate 3 1 0 is 〇·3% or more. 0% or less. Next, Fig. 6(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the perforated plate 320 which is a schematic plan view of the perforated plate 320. As shown in Fig. 6(a), the perforated plate 315 is formed by a embossing process having a mountain shape 321 and a valley shape 322. When the embossing addition shape 321 and the valley shape 322 exceed the properties of the aluminum plate of the perforated plate 320, minute porous 3 25 is formed in the aluminum plate. Further, the minute porous 325 formed by the press is not a circular hole but close to the shape of the cross-shaped hole. Hereinafter, the description will be made assuming that the cross-shaped hole is made to have a hole area equivalent to a circular hole. Thus, by processing the aluminum plate by embossing, it is possible to form a uniform and minute porous 3 2 5 . Further, as shown in Fig. 6(b), the porous plate 320 can be improved by alternately forming the mountain shape 321 and the valley 3 22 into a staggered bird shape. That is, even if the thickness of the perforated plate 320 is thin, since the shape of the embossed 100-diameter, the mouth rate, and (b), the continuous extension of the flower is added to the shape is a shape of the embossing - 26- 200837248 Machining can increase the rigidity, so it can improve the assembly efficiency, making the manufacture of the soundproof wall 100 easy. Further, the perforated plate 320 shown in Fig. 6 is different from the perforated plate 3 10 shown in Fig. 5, and the pore diameter of the minute porous portion 32 is, for example, 0. 0 5mm or more. Below 15 mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 320 is 0. 2% or more. Less than 8 %. That is, the aperture ratio is smaller than that of the porous surface 160 shown in Fig. 1 and smaller than the opening ratio of the porous plate 310 shown in Fig. 5. That is, the order of the aperture ratio from the large to the small aperture ratio is the order of the apertures 1 1 〇, the minute apertures 3 15 , and the minute apertures 325 of the majority of the face 1 60. This effect will be described later. The perforated plates 3 1 0 and 3 20 above set the parameter factors in such a manner as to produce a viscous effect with respect to the air passing through the plurality of holes 3 15, 325. Thereby, when the viscous attenuating action is applied to the air passing through the holes 3 15 and 325, the air vibration is converted into heat energy, and as a result of the attenuation of the vibration of the air, the sound absorbing effect can be exhibited in a wide frequency band. Further, in the present embodiment, the perforated plates 3 15 and 325 are formed by embossing, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be formed by any other processing such as punching. Fig. 7 is a schematic view for explaining the aperture ratio of the hole 110 of the face 1 60, the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 3 20 . The vertical axis of Fig. 7 indicates the normal incidence sound absorption rate for the sound from the sound source, and the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (Hz) indicating the 1 / 3 octave frequency band. Further, in the present embodiment, the sound source is noise, and the noise is the soundproof wall, and the sound of the sound source shows a higher number of -27-200837248 in a specific frequency region. Therefore, for example, in the case of railways, the main frequency band is 400 Hz or more and 4 kHz, and in the high-speed road, the main frequency band is 250 Hz or more to 4 kHz. Therefore, by absorbing the sound of the frequency band of the frequency band, the frequency can be efficiently reduced. noise. The solid line A in Fig. 7 indicates that the aperture ratio of the hole 1 1 面部 of the face 1 60 is 5%, and the aperture ratio of the perforated plate 310 is set to 0. The calculation of the vertical incident sound absorption rate at 43%, the broken line B in Fig. 7, is to set the aperture ratio of the hole 110 of the face 160 to 0. 43%, the calculation of the normal incident sound absorption rate when the aperture ratio of the perforated plate 3 10 was set to 5%. Here, the parameters of the sound insulating wall 100 shown by the solid line A in Fig. 7 are as follows: the thickness of the face 1 60 is 0. 8 mm, the aperture ratio of the face 160 is 5%, and the aperture of most of the apertures 110 is 〇. 8mm, the air layer (separation distance L 1) is 15 mm, and the porous plate of the porous plate 3 1 0 has a pore diameter of 0. 0 7mm, the plate thickness of the perforated plate 310 is 0. 1mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 310 is 0. 43%, the air layer (separation distance L2) is 30 mm, and the pore diameter of the porous plate 32 of the porous plate 320 is 0. 12 mm, the plate thickness of the perforated plate 320 is 0 · 1 mm, the opening ratio of the porous plate 3 2 〇 is 〇 · 3 6 %, and the air layer (separation distance L3) is 5 3 mm. Since the face 160, the perforated plates 3 1 0, and 3 2 0 each have their sound absorption peak frequency, the air layer between the aperture ratio, the aperture, the thickness, and the perforated plate is optimized, such as The solid line A of Fig. 7 can be set to have three sound absorption peak frequencies, and a high sound absorption rate can be obtained in the wide band (wide band range), that is, the band area of the area AL. On the other hand, the parameters of the soundproof wall shown by the dotted line B in Fig. 7 are -28-200837248. The thickness of the face 160 is 〇. 8mm, the aperture ratio of the face 160 is 0. 43%, the aperture of most of the small holes 1 10 is 〇. 8 mm, the air layer (separation distance L1) is 15 mm, and the pore diameter of the porous 315 of the perforated plate 310 is 0. 07mm, the plate thickness of the porous plate 3 1 0 is 0·1 mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 3 1 0 is 5%, the air layer (separation distance L2) is 30 mm, and the pore diameter of the porous plate 32 of the porous plate 320 is 0. 12mm, the plate thickness of the perforated plate 320 is 0. 1mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 320 is 0. 36%, the air layer (interval φ distance L3) is 53mm. That is, in the solid line A of Fig. 7, the opening ratio of the majority of the small holes 1 1 〇 is 5%, and the opening ratio of the porous 315 is 0. 43%, the opening ratio of porous 3 25 is 0. In the order of 3 6 %, the aperture ratio is reduced stepwise from the point of proximity to the source to the far side. In the dotted line B of Fig. 7, the aperture ratio of the majority of the apertures 1 10 is 0. 4 3 %, the aperture ratio of the porous 3 1 5 is 5%, and the aperture ratio of the porous 3 2 5 is 〇. In the order of 3 6 %, the aperture ratio is gradually increased and then reduced from being close to the source. # Thus, by comparing the solid line A and the broken line B of FIG. 7, it can be seen that the broken line B of FIG. 7 has a vertical incident sound absorption rate only at a frequency of a 1/3 octave band of about 400 Hz or more and 800 Hz or less. 0. The effect of 6 or more is, in contrast, the solid line A in Fig. 7 has a vertical incident sound absorption rate at a frequency of 1/3 octave band of 500 Hz or more and 5 kHz or less. With the effect of 6 or more, noise can be effectively absorbed, for example, for railway noise and for high-speed road noise. As described above, when the aperture ratio is gradually increased and then reduced, high sound absorbing performance cannot be obtained in the wide band. From the above, as the distance from the sound source is reduced to reduce the aperture ratio, the sound from the sound source can be reduced step by step, and as a result, the effect of reducing the sound of the wide band can be obtained. (Another example) Further, the perforated plate 3 20 in the present embodiment can be configured to satisfy the relationship of the following formula (1). Here, the perforated plate 3 1 0 1 close to the sound source is used as the perforated plate 310 of the first layer, and the perforated plate 320 which is farther from the sound source is used as the perforated plate 320 of the second layer. The second layer of porous plate 3 20, which is the farthest from the sound source, is the lowermost porous plate 3 20 . y ^ 0. 0086X + 0. 0076 (1) In the above formula (1), X is the number of pores of the porous plates 31〇, 32〇 divided by the pore diameters of the porous sheets 315 and 325, and y is the aperture ratio of the porous plates 310 and 32〇. When the aperture ratio y of the perforated plate 3 2 0 satisfies the formula (1), it can satisfy the sound absorption rate reference 道路 of the road noise board of the J Η (Old Japan Road Corporation). In addition, the sound absorption rate of the JH road soundproof board is 0 at 400 Hz. 7 or more, 0 at 1 kHz. 8 or more. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the measurement results of the 吸 of the sound absorbing sound of the sound source sound for each frequency by different aperture ratios of the bottom layer (the second layer). In Fig. 8, the vertical axis indicates the sound absorbing rate from the sound of the sound source, and the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (Hz) indicating the 1/3 octave band. Here, Casel is a range in which the opening ratio -30-200837248 of the second layer of the porous plate 320 is set to satisfy the relationship of the formula (1), and on the other hand, CaSe2 is set to be porous in the second layer. The aperture ratio y of the plate 320 satisfies the range of the relationship of the formula (1). Further, the aperture ratio y of the perforated plate 3 1 0 of the first layer is set outside the range satisfying the relationship of the formula (1) in Casel and Case2. As shown in Fig. 8, the aperture ratio y of the porous plate 320 of the second layer is set to be within the range satisfying the relationship of the formula (1), and the aperture ratio y of the porous plate 320 of the second layer is set. Case2 outside the range satisfying the relationship of the formula (1) has a high sound absorption rate. Specifically, Caser's sound absorption at 400 Hz is a ratio of the sound absorption rate determined by J Η at 400 Hz. 7 is still high, on the other hand, Case2's sound absorption rate at 400Hz is the sound absorption rate reference 値0. 7 is still low. Also, Casel's sound absorption rate at 1 kHz is a ratio; Τ Η at a rate of 1 kHz. 8 is still high. On the other hand, Case2 is a sound absorption rate of 1 kHz. 8 is still low. As described above, it is found that the aperture ratio y can be increased by dividing the thickness of the plate by the 孔径X of the aperture and the aperture ratio y to satisfy the equation (1) for the lowermost porous plate 320. Further, the aperture ratio y of the porous plate 3 1 0 of the first layer may be set so as to satisfy the relationship of the formula (1). (Another example) Next, the sound insulating wall 10a will be described with reference to the drawings. The sound insulating wall l〇〇a is a member which is attached to the sound absorbing members of the perforated plates 310 and 320 of the sound insulating wall. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are schematic diagrams for explaining a state in which the sound attenuating member is attached to the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320-31 - 200837248. As shown in Figs. 9 and 10, a sound attenuating member 318 and a sound attenuating member 328 are attached to the outer peripheral portions of the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 320, respectively. Thereby, the rigidity of the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 3 20 can be increased. Further, since the perforated plates 3 10 and 320 are formed of a composite material with the sound attenuating members 3 18 and 328, the resonance peak 可以 can be reduced. As a result, the sound can be more effectively reduced in the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 320. Further, in the present embodiment, the sound attenuating members 318 and 328 are attached to the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the sound attenuating members 3 1 8 and 328 may be attached to the perforated plate. 3 1 0 and the porous plate 3 20 are completely integrated, and then embossing is performed to form minute porous 3 1 5, 3 25, or only one of the surface and the back surface of the porous plate 3 10 and the porous plate 320 is attached. Sound attenuating members 3 1 8 , 3 2 8 . Further, as the sound attenuating members 3 1 8 and 3 2 8, any of various tape members, coating materials, coating materials, or any members can be used. Further, in the present embodiment, one porous plate 301 and one porous plate 320 are used. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a porous plate having a function of attenuating function may be used, and a plurality of porous plates may be further used. The porous plate formed by the heavy layer can also be used. Namely, it is also possible to use the same porous plate or a different porous plate in contact with each other to form a porous plate. By such means, by imparting a damping property to the perforated plate and reducing the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air is increased, and the sound absorbing performance can be prevented from being lowered. (Further example) -32-200837248 Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the sound insulating wall 10b including the sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 in the sound insulating wall 100. As shown in Fig. 1, the sound insulating wall 10b is a small hole 1 1 〇, a first member 2丨〇, and a perforated plate 3 1 多数 in the face of the case member ι5. The sound attenuating member 5 i 设置 is provided in the space formed, and the sound attenuating member 520 is provided in a space formed by the minute porous 315, the second frame member 22, and the porous plate 320 of the porous plate 310. A sound attenuating member 530 is provided in a space formed by the minute porous member 3 2 5 of the 3 20, the third frame member 2 3 0 , and the box member 15 5 . Further, in the sound insulating wall 10b according to still another example, the sound attenuating members 5 1 0, 5 2 0, and 5 3 0 are provided in the respective spaces, but the sound attenuating members 510 are not limited thereto. At least one of the sound attenuating members 520 and 530 may be fixed to the first frame member 21 0 and the second frame member 2 as the unit 200 by the sound attenuating members 5 1 0, 5 2 0, and 5 3 0, respectively. 0 or at least one of the three frame members 230 may be used. At this time, the sound insulating wall 10b can be easily manufactured by inserting the unit 200 into the box member 150. Further, the sound source attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 may be made of a PET-based fiber resin, or may be made of glass wool, asbestos, continuous-cell urethane, non-woven fabric, or any other member. (Another example) Fig. 12 is a schematic view for explaining an example of the sound insulating wall 100c. -33- 200837248 Fig. 12(a) is a schematic perspective view of the sound insulating wall 100c, and Fig. 12(b) is a schematic sectional view of the sound insulating wall 100c. As shown in Fig. 12(a), a plurality of holes 1 10c are formed in the face portion 160c of the box member 150c of the sound insulating wall 100c by a louver-fin shape. Further, in Fig. 12(a), the plurality of holes 1 10c are arranged in a plurality of rows, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a thousand bird shape in which the herringbone is staggered or any other method may be arranged. Further, as shown in Fig. 12(b), the unit 200 of the sound insulating wall 100c includes a box member 150c, perforated plates 310, 320, and 300, and a first frame member 210 and a second frame member 220. The third frame member 23 0 and the fourth frame member 240. Similarly to the third embodiment, the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 3 10 is sandwiched between the first frame member 210 and the second frame member 2 20 , and the second frame member 2 2 0 and the third frame member 23 0 The outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 320 is sandwiched therebetween, and the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 340 is sandwiched between the third frame member 220 and the fourth frame member 230. Further, in the perforated plate 330, porous 3 3 5 is formed in the same manner as the perforated plates 3 10 and 320 of Figs. 5 and 6 . Further, as shown in Fig. 12(b), the thickness of the first frame member 210 is L1, the thickness of the second frame member 220 is L2, the thickness of the third frame member 230 is L3, and the fourth frame member 240 The thickness is L4. These thicknesses L1, L2, L3, and L4 are determined from the sound waves transmitted from the sound source, and are determined by the wavelength of the sound wave to be absorbed, the thickness of the perforated plate, the aperture, and the aperture ratio. Therefore, in the present embodiment, although the thicknesses L1, L2, L3, and L4 are different, the thickness is not limited thereto, and any two of them may have a thickness of -34 to 200837248. The same thickness may be used. , L2, L3, and L4 are the same number. Further, the perforated plate 301 and the perforated plate 315 are not limited to being arranged in a completely parallel manner, but may be substantially parallel, arranged in parallel, or the like, and may be opposed to each other by an arbitrary angle. Since the plurality of holes ll 〇 c are formed by the shape of the shutter fins, rainwater intrusion can be prevented efficiently, and the sound from the sound source to be sound-absorbing can be captured. As a result, the sound of the sound source can be efficiently reduced. Further, there is also an effect of preventing the intrusion when the goods in transit are dropped or when the stones are scattered. Fig. 13 is a schematic view for explaining the effect of the sound insulating wall 100c of Fig. 12. The vertical axis of Fig. 3 is the vertical incident sound absorption rate for the sound from the sound source, and the horizontal axis is the frequency (Hz) indicating the 1/3 octave frequency band. Here, the parameters of the sound insulating wall 100c shown in Fig. 12 are as follows: the thickness of the face 160c is 1 mm, and the opening ratio of the face 160c is 22. 8 %, the air layer (separation distance L1) is 10 mm, and the aperture of the perforated plate 310 is 0. 1mm, the plate thickness of the perforated plate 310 is 0. 1mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 310 is 0. 8 9 %, the air layer (separation distance L 2) is 5 m m, and the porous plate of the porous plate 3 2 0 has a pore diameter of 0. 07mm, the plate thickness of the porous plate 320 is 0. 1mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 3 10 is 0. 55%, the air layer (separation distance L3) is 30 mm, and the porous 335 of the perforated plate 330 has a pore diameter of 0. 0 7 m m, the plate thickness of the perforated plate 3 3 0 is 〇. 1 m m, the aperture ratio of the porous plate 3 3 〇 is 0. 24%, the air layer (separation distance L4) is 45mm. (Also, the thickness of the face 16〇c including the processed height of the shutter fin is -35-200837248 1 2 mm 〇) Thus, since the face is 16 〇c, the perforated plate 3 1 0, 3 2 0, 3 3 0 has a sound absorption peak frequency, respectively, and the air layer between the aperture ratio, the aperture, the thickness, and the perforated plate is optimized. As shown in FIG. 3 , four sound absorption peak frequencies can be set. By designing these in a continuous arrangement, a high sound absorption rate can be obtained in the band region of the wide band. Further, in Fig. 12, a plurality of holes 1 1 〇c having a shape of a shutter fin are formed on the face portion 160c, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the porous plate 3 10, the porous plate 3 20, and the perforated plate 3 are not limited thereto. It is also possible to form a plurality of holes in the shape of the shutter fins. Further, it is not limited to the shape of the shutter fin, and may be formed into a slit shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, an irregular shape, or the like, or any other hole shape. From the above, the box member 150 that constitutes the sound insulating wall 1〇〇, l〇〇a, 100b, 1 0 0 c is sandwiched by a plurality of frame members 2 1 0, 220, 230 The perforated plates 310, 320 form the unit 200, and the unit 200 can be easily put into the internal space of the box member 150 in the manufacturing process. As a result, the sound insulating wall can be easily manufactured, and the positioning work for fixing the plurality of perforated plates 310, 320 to the inner space of the box member 150 can be reduced. Further, by unitizing, since the internal spaces inside the unit 2 are kept airtight except for the holes 3 1 5 and 3 2 5 of the perforated plates 310 and 320, the sound source can be effectively reduced. sound. Moreover, in this case, the sound from the sound source is absorbed by the small hole 1 1 0 of the majority of the box member 150, and then sandwiched by the plurality of frame members 2 1 0, 2 2 0, 2 3 0 Holding a plurality of perforated plates 3 1 0, 3 2 0 to suck -36- 200837248 to receive sound. Further, the two sheets of the plurality of perforated plates 3 10 0 and 3 2 0 are united by the three frame members 210, 220, and 230, and the unit 20 〇 can be easily accommodated in the box member 1 500. . Further, since the three frame members are formed of a non-conductive resin, the plurality of perforated plates 310 and 320 are not in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the case member 150, so that damage of the perforated plates 310 and 322 at the time of manufacture can be prevented. And the potential corrosion of the perforated plates 310, 320 can be prevented. Moreover, the durability and weather resistance of the soundproof wall 100 can be improved. As a result, sound absorbing performance can be maintained for a long period of time. Further, the plurality of perforated plates 3 10 0 and 3 2 0 are formed of an aluminum member, and further, since the holes 3 15 and 3 25 located on the perforated plates 3 10 and 3 20 are formed by embossing, By the mountain shape 3 1 1 and the valley shape 3 12 during the embossing process, the mountain shape 321 and the valley shape 322 can increase the rigidity of the perforated plates 310 and 32, so even if the thin perforated plates 310 and 320 are used, The rigidity of the perforated plate 3 10 , 320 itself is increased. As a result, it is possible to improve the work efficiency of the soundproof wall 100 in manufacturing. Further, since the aluminum member is used, it can be manufactured at a low cost, and a large number of minute holes 3 1 5 and 3 2 5 can be formed under easy processing, and the recycling property can be improved. Therefore, all of the members of the partition wall 100 may be formed of an aluminum member. Further, since the face portion 160 and the perforated plates 310 and 320 are arranged such that the aperture ratio becomes smaller as it goes away from the sound source, the sound in the wide band region can be effectively reduced. Further, since the drain (drain) hole 1 is formed, when it is installed outside the house, even if moisture such as rainwater is infiltrated into the internal space of the tank member 150, it can be discharged from the drain hole 8丨-37- 200837248 Rain to prevent potential corrosion. Further, the sound attenuating members 318, 3 28, 510 are disposed in one of the plurality of spaces separated by the plurality of frame members 210, 220, and 23 by the plurality of perforated plates 3 1 0 and 3 2 0. The 520 unitizes, so that the soundproof wall 1 can be easily manufactured, and only in the case of a plurality of perforated plates 310 and 320, the sound of the bass source can be further reduced. φ Further, the sound attenuating members 510, 52A, 53A are made of a material, a non-woven fabric, a glass wool or a PET-based fiber material, and a glass wool or a fiber material is disposed in comparison with the interior of the box member 150 alone. In this case, the deviation of the sound decay 5 10, 520, and 5 3 0 due to its own weight can be eliminated. As a result, the sound from the sound source can be reduced in the soundproof wall 100. Further, with respect to the box member 15〇c constituting the sound insulating wall 100c, the plurality of frame members 210, 220, 230, 240 are sandwiched by a plurality of 3, 10, 320, and 3 3 0 to form the unit 2 0 0 in the manufacturing process. The unit 200 can be put into the inner space of the box member 150c, and the sound insulating wall 100c can be easily manufactured, and the positioning operation of fixing the plurality of perforated plates 3 10, 3 20, 330 between the box members 150c can be reduced. Further, by performing unitization, the internal spaces of the unit 200 are kept airtight except for the plurality of 多孔325, 325, and 3 3 5 of the perforated plates 3 1 0, 3 2 0, and 3 3 0, so that it is effective Reduce the sound of the sound source. Moreover, at this time, the rainwater is shielded, and the sound from the same is received by the shutter fin shape of the box member 150c and at least the > 5 3 0 > compared to the step effective porous mass, the PET system It is easy to reduce the member to effectively use the multi-well plate. The result is that the sound of the internal cavity is 3 15^ low from the sound source: the majority of the -38 - 200837248 small hole 1 10 is simultaneously penetrated, and then by a plurality of frame members 210, 220, 230, 240 The plurality of perforated plates 310, 320, 330 are clamped to absorb sound. Further, the four frame members are formed of a non-conductor resin, and the plurality of perforated plates 310, 320, and 330 are not in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the case member 150c, so that the perforated plates 310, 3 20 at the time of manufacture can be prevented. The damage of 330, and the potential corrosion of the perforated plates 310, 320, and 300 can be prevented. In addition, the durability and weather resistance of the soundproof wall 1 〇〇c can be improved. As a result, the sound absorbing performance can be maintained for a long period of time. Further, the plurality of perforated plates 310, 320, and 33 0 are formed of an aluminum member, and further, the porous sheets 315, 3 2 5, and 3 3 5 located in the perforated plates 310, 3 20, and 3 3 0 are processed by embossing. In the formation, since the rigidity of the perforated plates 310, 320, and 300 can be improved by the shape of the mountain and the shape of the valley during embossing, the perforated plate 3 can be improved even if the thin perforated plates 310, 320, and 300 are used. 1 0, 3 20, 3 3 0 The rigidity of itself. As a result, the work efficiency of the sound insulating wall 100c in manufacturing can be improved. Further, since the inscription member is used, it can be manufactured at a low cost, and a large number of minute holes 315, 325, and 335 can be formed under easy processing, and the recycling property can be improved. Therefore, all the members of the soundproof wall 1 〇〇c can be made even by the name member, since the face is arranged in such a manner that the opening ratio becomes smaller as the distance from the sound source becomes smaller. The perforated plate 3 1 0 , 3 2 0, 3 3 0, so it is possible to more effectively reduce the sound in a wide frequency band. Furthermore, the sound may be arranged in at least one of the plurality of spaces separated by the plurality of frame members 210, 220, 230, -39-200837248 240, and the plurality of perforated plates 310, 320, and 300. Attenuating members 3 1 8 , 328 , 510 , 520 , and 5 3 0 , and further disposing other sound attenuating members in the air layer (separation distance L4 ) to unitize them, compared to only a plurality of In the case of the perforated plates 310, 320, 330, the sound of the bass source can be further effectively reduced. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. (Second Embodiment) Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross section of a sound absorbing structure according to a second embodiment. The sound absorbing structure 1 00c of Fig. 14 includes a first plate member 160, perforated plates 310 and 320, and a second plate member 150. The first plate member 160 is disposed so as to face the sound source, and the perforated plates 310 and 320 and the second plate member 150 are arranged in order in which the first plate members 160 are arranged side by side. Further, in the present embodiment, the perforated plates 3 1 0 and 3 20 and the second meandering member 150 are illustrated in parallel with respect to the first plate member 160. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and Side by side or any interval or angle can be configured. The sound absorbing structure 100c shown in Fig. 14 is between the first plate member 160 and the perforated plate 310; between the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 3 20; the perforated plate 3 20 and the second plate member 1 50 In between, an air layer is formed separately. The first plate member 1 60 is provided with an opening 1 1 0 and an aperture of the opening 1 1 0 -40- 200837248, for example, 〇. 3 mm or more and 3 mm or less, and the opening ratio of the 1160th is 10% or less. Further, in the present embodiment, the member 160 and the second plate member 150 are made of a steel sheet (for example, a weather-impregnated steel sheet). Thereby, it is possible to lower the cost of the box. Further, the perforated plate 3 10 is provided with an opening portion 3 15 and an opening diameter, for example, 〇 · 〇 5 m m or more and 0 · 15 m m or less, and the aperture ratio of the perforated plate is 0. More than 3 % 1 . 0% or less. Further, the porous plate 320 is provided with an opening portion 3 2 5 and an opening portion aperture, for example, 〇. 〇 5mm or more 0. Below 15mm, the aperture ratio of the porous plate is 0. 2% or more 0. Less than 8%. The above parameters are set for the viscous action of the air passing through the openings 110, 315, and 325. As a result, the air in the openings 110, 315, and 325 is viscous, and the vibration is converted into heat energy, and the vibration of the air is attenuated. As a result, the sound absorbing effect is exhibited in a wide frequency band region. Further, among the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 310, 320, and the first member 150, the aperture ratio of the first plate member 160 is the largest, and the aperture ratio of the orifice plates 3 1 0 and 3 2 0 is small. As a result, since the plate member 160 and the perforated plates 310 and 320 have the same sound absorbing effect, it is possible to use a sound effect of the frequency component having a frequency other than the resonance frequency throughout the region using the sound absorbing structure 100d'. For the first plate member 1 60, the perforated plate 3 1 0, 3 2 0 ' by the plate member first plate, the resistance of the 315 of the 315 of the 310, the 3 25 of the 3 20 2 The plate structure is more likely to exhibit a sharp decrease in the sound absorption rate in the first band and the wide band, and a high sound absorption effect in the wide band range. Further, by gradually reducing the aperture ratio in the order of the first plate member 160 and the perforated plates 3 10 and 320, the sound having a wavelength shorter than the sound absorption rate of the opening portion 110 of the first plate member 1 60 can be made porous. The sound is absorbed by the plates 3 1 0 and 3 2 0, and the sound is shorter than the sound absorption rate of the opening 315 of the perforated plate 3 by the perforated plate 320. Further, as shown in Fig. 14, the distance between the first plate member 160 and the perforated plate 310 is a distance L1, the distance between the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320 is a distance L2, and the distance between the perforated plate 320 and the second plate member 150 is a distance. L3. As described above, the distances L1, L2, and L3 are set to different distances, but are not limited thereto, and all of them may be constituted by the same distance. Further, in the present embodiment, the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 3 10 and 320, and the second plate member 150 have a rectangular flat plate shape, but are not limited thereto. For example, the first plate member 160 may be formed of a circle. The shape of the shape, the elliptical shape, and the plane of the triangle shape. In addition, although the panel member 160, the perforated plates 310 and 320, and the second plate member 150 of the sound absorbing structure 100c have an area of a predetermined size, the present invention is not limited thereto, and in order to solve the problem of manufacturing, It is also possible to form a predetermined size of the sound absorbing structure 1 0 0 c, and it is also possible to form a sound absorbing structure having a predetermined size by providing a plurality of sound absorbing structures 100c. Further, the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 3 10 and 3 2 0, and the second plate member 150 are composed of flat plates, but are not limited thereto, and one of the members may be a flat plate. It is constructed, and the other components are made of a film-42-200837248. Further, all of the members may be formed of a film. For example, the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 310 and 320, and the second plate member 150 may be formed of any plate material such as a steel plate (e.g., a high weather resistant dip plated steel plate), an aluminum plate, or a resin. Next, an example of the porous plate 310 and the porous plate 320 will be described. Fig. 15(a) is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate 310, and Fig. 15(b) is a schematic plan view of the perforated plate 3 1 〇. As shown in Fig. 15 (a), the perforated plate 301 is continuously formed with a mountain shape 31 and a valley shape 3 1 2 by embossing. When the mountain shape 3 1 1 and the valley shape 3 1 2 by embossing exceed the ductility of the aluminum plate of the perforated plate 3 10 , a minute porous 3 15 is formed in the aluminum plate. Further, the minute porous 3 1 5 formed by the embossing process is not a circular hole but has a shape close to the cross-shaped hole. Hereinafter, the shape close to the cross-shaped hole will be described as being equivalent to a circular hole. Thus, by processing the aluminum plate by embossing, it is possible to form a uniform and minute porous 3 15 . Further, as shown in Fig. 15(b), the rigidity of the perforated plate 3 10 can be improved by alternately forming the mountain shape 31 and the valley shape 3 1 2 in a staggered shape. That is, even if the thickness of the perforated plate 310 is thin, since the rigidity can be improved by embossing, the assembly efficiency can be improved. Next, Fig. 16(a) is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate, and Fig. 16(b) is a schematic plan view of the perforated plate. As shown in Fig. 16 (a), the perforated plate 3 2 is erroneously formed with a mountain shape 321 and a valley shape 322 by a press working. When the stencil-processed -43-200837248 mountain shape 321 and valley shape 322 exceed the aluminum property of the perforated plate 320, a minute porous 325 is formed in the aluminum plate. Moreover, the tiny porous 325 formed by the borrowing machine is not a circular hole and is close to the shape of the cross-shaped hole. Hereinafter, the description will be made by considering the cross type as a hole area equivalent to a circular hole. Thus, the aluminum plate is embossed to form a uniform and minute porous 3 25 . φ Further, as shown in Fig. 16(b), the porous plate shape can be improved by alternately forming the mountain shape 321 3 22 into a staggered bird shape. That is, even when the thickness of the perforated plate 3 20 is thin, the rigidity can be improved by the processing, so that the assembly efficiency can be improved and the manufacturing of the separator can be facilitated. In the porous plate 3 1 0 shown in Fig. 15, for example, the opening i has a pore diameter of 〇. 〇 5mm or more 0. Below 15 mm, the perforated plate 310 is 0. More than 3% 1. 0% or less. _ The perforated plate 3 2 〇 shown in Fig. 16, for example, the opening, the aperture is 〇. 〇5mm or more. Below 15 mm, the perforated plate 320 is 0. 2% or more 0. Less than 8%. Further, in Figs. 15 and 16, the porous plate 31 is formed of an aluminum member. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be constituted by any other member or resin. Further, the holes 3 15 and 325 forming the 3 10 and 320 may be formed by embossing, and may be formed by punching or by any other arbitrary means. The extension of the plate is increased by the embossing and becomes the shape of the hole 2H, the stomach contains and the shape of the valley 3 is just by the opening ratio of the embossed sound wall 100 i 3 15 325. It is added to the perforated plate, but it is not processed. -44 - 200837248. Next, Fig. 17 is a view for explaining that the sound absorbing structure body 〇〇d further includes the sound absorbing structure members 510, 520, and 53. A schematic cross-section of e. As shown in Fig. 17, in the sound absorbing structure 1 00d, a sound attenuating member 5 1 0 ' is provided in the air layer formed by the second jaw member 160 and the perforated plate 3 10 ' from the perforated plate 3 1 0 and The sound attenuating member 520 is provided in the air layer formed by the perforated plate 320, and the acoustic layer formed by the perforated plate 320 and the second plate member 150 is provided with a sound sorrow; the member 530 is reduced. Further, in the sound absorbing structure 100d described above, the sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 are provided in the respective air layers. However, the sound absorbing members 510, 520, and 530 are not limited thereto, and at least one of the sound dampers 510, 520, and 530 is provided. The attenuation member may be fixed to the first plate member 160, the perforated plate 3 1 0, 3 2 0, and the second plate member 1 5 0 respectively. Therefore, the sound absorbing members 510 and 520 can be added to the sound absorbing structure 100d composed only of the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 310 and 315, and the second plate member 150. The sound absorption effect of 530 can achieve better sound absorption. Further, the sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 may be made of PET-based fiber resin, or may be made of glass wool, asbestos, continuous-cell urethane, non-woven fabric, or any other member. Next, the sound absorbing structure 100f of Fig. 18 will be described. Fig. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a state in which the sound attenuating member has been attached to the perforated plate 3 1 〇 and the perforated plate 3 20 . The sound absorbing structure l〇〇f ' is -45-200837248. The sound absorbing members are attached to the perforated plates 310 and 322 of the sound absorbing structure l〇〇d. As shown in Fig. 18, the sound attenuating member 3 18 and the sound attenuating member 3 28 are attached to the porous plate 310 and the perforated plate 320, respectively. Thereby, the rigidity of the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 3 20 can be increased. Further, since the perforated plates 310 and 320 are formed of a composite material together with the sound attenuating members 318 and 328, the resonance peak 可以 can be reduced. As a result, the sound can be further effectively reduced in the perforated plate 310 and the perforated plate 320. Further, in the present embodiment, the sound attenuating members 3 1 8 and 3 2 8 are entirely attached to the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 3 2 0. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the perforated plate 3 1 0 may be used. And the outer peripheral portion of the perforated plate 320 is attached to the sound attenuating member to the sound attenuating member 3 1 8 or 3 2 8 or to either the surface or the back surface of the perforated plate 3 10 and the perforated plate 3 2 0 3 1 8 and 3 2 8 are also available. Further, as the sound attenuating members 3 18 and 3 2 8, any of various tape members, coating materials, coating materials, or any members may be used. Further, in the present embodiment, one porous plate 301 and one porous plate 315 are used, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a porous plate having a function of attenuating function may be used, and a plurality of porous plates may be further used. The porous plate formed by the heavy layer of the plate may also be used. That is, it is also possible to use the same porous plate or a different porous plate in contact with each other to form a porous plate. By using these means, by imparting a damping ability to the perforated plate and reducing the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, the relative speed difference between the perforated plate and the air is increased, and the sound absorbing performance can be prevented from being lowered. As described above, in the sound absorbing structure 1 〇〇d, 1 〇0 e, 1 0 0 f, from -46 to 200837248, the first plate member 160 is disposed so that the aperture ratio becomes smaller as it goes away from the sound source. With the perforated plates 310 and 320, the sound from the wideband range of the sound source can be reduced stepwise and effectively. Further, since the sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 are disposed at least in each of the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 310 and 320, and the second plate member 150, the In the case of the 1 plate member 160, the perforated plates 3 10, 320, and the second plate member 150, the sound of the bass source can be more effectively reduced. Further, since the sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 530 are formed of a porous material, a nonwoven fabric, a glass wool, or a PET (P〇ly Ethylene Terephthalate) fiber material, the sound of the bass source can be more effectively reduced. Further, the openings 1 1 0, 3 1 5, and 3 2 5 may be small holes, circular holes, slit-shaped holes, irregular-shaped holes, and holes in the shape of the shutter fins. Either one can reduce the manufacturing cost. Further, since the first plate member 160, the perforated plates 310 and 320, and the second plate member 150 are all composed of an aluminum member, they can be manufactured at low cost, and are easy to process, and a plurality of minute holes 3 can be formed. 15, 3 2 5. Moreover, by utilizing an aluminum member, recycling and recyclability can be improved. Further, since the openings 3 1 5 and 3 2 5 are formed by embossing, the openings can be uniformly formed. Further, since the shape of the mountain and the shape of the valley formed by the embossing process can increase the rigidity of the perforated plate, even if the thin perforated plates 310 and 320 are used, the rigidity of the perforated plates 310 and 320 can be improved, and the efficiency can be improved. Absorb the sound. Further, the perforated plates 310 and 320 themselves can reduce the vibration generated by the resonance of the perforated plates 310 and 320 in the case of the attenuating structure -47-200837248, and increase the perforated plate 3 1 0, 3 2 0 and the air. The relative speed difference prevents the sound absorption performance from deteriorating. As a result, the sound absorbing structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. Further, the porous plates 310 and 320 may be placed in contact with each other, or may be formed of a plate member having vibration resistance. In this case, since the perforated plate itself is provided with vibration resistance, it is possible to reduce the vibration caused by the resonance of the perforated plate, increase the relative speed difference between the perforated plates 310 and 320 and the air, and prevent the deterioration of the sound absorbing performance. As a result, the sucking structure can effectively reduce the sound from the sound source. In the first embodiment, the wall structures 100, 10a, 100b, and 100c correspond to the sound absorbing structure, and the face portion 1 60 corresponds to the porous surface. The box member 150 is equivalent to the box member and the perforated plate. 3 1 0, 3 2 0, and 3 3 0 are equivalent to a plurality of perforated plates, and the first frame member 210, the second frame member 2 2 0, the third frame member 23 0, and the fourth frame member are equivalent to a plurality of supports. In the frame, the unit 200 corresponds to a unitization, and the mountain shape 31丨 and the valley shape 312, the mountain shape 321 and the valley shape 322 are equivalent to the shape formed by the embossing, and the sound attenuation member 3 18 and the sound attenuation member 3 2 8. The sound attenuating members 510, 520, and 53 0 correspond to a sound attenuating member, and the drain hole 180 corresponds to a drain hole. Further, in the second embodiment, the sound absorbing structures 10〇d, l〇〇e, and 100f correspond to the sound absorbing structure, and the i-th plate member 16A corresponds to the first plate member, and the second plate member 50 is Corresponding to the second plate member, the perforated plates 301 and 320 correspond to a plurality of perforated plates, and the openings 丨〇, -48-200837248 315, 325 correspond to the openings, the mountain shape 3i and the valley shape 312, The mountain shape 321 and the valley shape 322 correspond to a shape formed by embossing, and the sound attenuating member 318, the sound attenuating member 328, and the sound attenuating members 5 10, 520, and 53 0 correspond to a sound attenuating member. In the present invention, the preferred first and second embodiments described above are described, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It will be appreciated that a wide variety of other embodiments can be implemented without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, in the present embodiment, the actions and effects of the configuration according to the present invention have been described. However, these actions and effects are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, the sound absorbing structure is exemplified as the sound absorbing structure. However, the sound insulating wall is not limited thereto, and may be applied to any other sound absorbing structure. [Industrial Applicability] The present invention is capable of utilizing a sound absorbing structure that reduces sound from a sound source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a sound insulating wall using a sound absorbing structure. Fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing an example of a plurality of units. Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross section in which a plurality of units are housed in a box member. Figure 4 is a schematic perspective view of an enlarged portion of the soundproof wall. -49- 200837248 Fig. 5(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a perforated plate, and (b) is a schematic plan view of a perforated plate. Fig. 6(a) is a schematic sectional view of a perforated plate, and Fig. 6(b) is a schematic plan view of a perforated plate. Fig. 7 is a schematic view for explaining the aperture ratio of the hole and the perforated plate on the surface. Fig. 8 is a schematic view for explaining the aperture ratio of the perforated plate. • Fig. 9 is a schematic view for explaining the state in which the sound attenuating member is placed on the perforated plate. . The first drawing is a schematic view for explaining a state in which the sound attenuating member is placed on the perforated plate. Fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a sound insulating wall including a sound attenuating member. Fig. 1 is a schematic view for explaining an example of a sound insulating wall. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the mode 10 of the effect of the sound insulating wall in Fig. 11. Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross section of the sound absorbing structure of the second embodiment. Fig. 15(a) is a schematic sectional view of the perforated plate, and Fig. 15(b) is a 'schematic plan view of the perforated plate. Fig. 16(a) is a schematic sectional view of a perforated plate, and Fig. 16(b) is a schematic plan view of a perforated plate. Fig. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sound absorbing structure in which a sound absorbing structure further includes a sound attenuating member. -50- 200837248 Fig. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a state in which a sound attenuating member is attached to a perforated plate. [Description of main component symbols] 100: Wall structure and sound absorbing structure 15 〇: Box member, second plate member 160: Face, first plate member φ 1 8 0 : Drainage hole 200: Unit 210: First support frame ( First frame member) 220: second support frame (second frame member) 23 0 : third support frame (third frame member) 240 : fourth support frame (fourth frame member) 310, 320, 330 : multi-turn L plate 3 1 1 , 3 2 1 : mountain shape Φ 312 , 322 : valley shape 3 1 8 , 3 2 8 : sound attenuating members 510, 5 20, 530 : sound attenuating member L1 : thickness L2 of the first frame member: Thickness L3 of the second frame member: thickness of the third frame member -51 -