TW200831387A - A rigging system for supporting and pointing solar concentrator arrays - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention relate to the design of inexpensive mounting and pointing apparatuses for linear arrays of solar energy collectors and converters. Particular embodiments in accordance with the present invention disclose a rigging system comprising at least one, and preferably a plurality of, tensile cables onto which a plurality of solar modules are fastened. Such an arrangement provides a way of suspending solar modules over land, vegetation, bodies of water, and other geographic features without substantial perturbation of the underlying terrain. Certain embodiments comprise additional tensile cables fastened to the solar modules, such that differential axial motion of the cables produces a rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the array. This rotational motion component effects an orientation control along one rotational axis.

Description

200831387 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rigging system, particularly for a light collecting array that supports and directs solar energy. [Prior Art] . Solar radiation is the most abundant energy on earth. However, attempts to use too much power on a large scale have so far failed to compete economically with most fossil fuel energy sources.之一 One reason for not using solar energy on a large scale is that fossil fuel energy has the advantage of economic externalities such as low-cost or no-cost pollution and emissions. Political solutions have long sought to correct these imbalances. Another reason for not using solar energy on a large scale is that solar flux is not strong enough to make direct conversion under a solar flux cost-effective. Solar concentrating technology has sought to solve this problem. Specifically, solar radiation is one of the most energy forms that are easy to manipulate and collect. It can refract the initial flux, wind around C/reflect or reflect thousands of times by using only moderate materials. With so many possible approaches, there have been a number of previous attempts to implement low cost solar concentrators. However, to date, solar concentrating systems have become “too high to compete with fossil fuels without funding, due in part to the mechanical support of the collectors and the excessive materials and ampoules in the solar tracking devices. Cost. Although many solar collectors utilize a support structure, their architecture results in excessive material use and complex and time-consuming assembly and installation, making them unsuitable for large-scale solar farming. In addition, conventional light collection systems require a wide range of Ground preparation, this 124235.doc 200831387 often makes the land unsuitable for other uses and destroys the natural ecological environment. In this technology, there is efficient and effective support and alignment of the solar collector in this technology without causing excessive installation burden. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the design of an inexpensive mounting and pointing device for a line of solar collectors and converters. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment is disclosed - a rigging system that includes at least one, and preferably a plurality of (four) tightly 111 plurality of solar module tension cables This configuration provides a means of suspending a Tai I module to land, vegetation, water, and other geographic features without substantially disturbing the underlying terrain. Particular embodiments include additional tension to the solar module. The rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the two columns is generated by differential axial movement of the cable. The rotational motion component / is controlled to be oriented along an axis of rotation. According to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of support members are further included. Providing at least - motion of the axis perpendicular to its axis. This produces a rotational motion component of the individual m groups of the array to effect orientation control along the second axis of rotation. Two specific embodiments provide for common translation of a plurality of cables connected to the module. This allows the array of modules to translate perpendicular to the axis. Another embodiment provides for common axial translation of the double cables such that the modules are translatable in the axial direction. Embodiments of the present invention may be coupled to a rotary actuator having at least a winch reel having a variable cross-section that is designed to feed and pull attachment to the present at a rate of spring and substantially mismatch Structure of the Invention: The cable is controlled to effect controlled movement of the structures. Particular embodiments of the present invention may additionally include a vibration damper to reduce motion under wind load or the like 124235.doc 200831387. Particular embodiments may use one or more loop-based actuation systems to adjust the orientation along the axis of rotation.

Particular embodiments may use ground mounted rigid struts to anchor the system and deliver compression and other loads to the surface. Particular embodiments may further use a system with a pull and ground anchor to distribute the load to the ground and reduce the bending forces in the ground seismic strut. A particular embodiment of such ground anchors provides for adjustment of the relative cable position by a collet whose gripping force increases with cable load. Specific embodiments of such ground anchors further provide tensioning of the collet by mechanical, negative + loading provided by the threaded element. Specific embodiments of ground anchors provide mounting and indexing features to support the use of a movable hydraulic cable tensioner tool, ^ 合作 cooperate with components with mechanical preload to allow for convenient and reliable cable tension adjustment under high tension loads. The particular embodiment of the ground anchor is further mechanically characterized to allow for clothing in the ground via an axial (smooth or moving rotary tool that can be coordinated with rotation) to drive the ground floor into the ground. The particular embodiment of the tool and anchor may further provide a pilot hole for drilling the anchor prior to or during the drive operation. According to the method of the present invention, the embodiment comprises: the solar module = solidified to at least - age under tension, at least one of the materials (four) connected to the damping assembly according to the invention - the embodiment comprises Light collector. Double ::: The anchor of the invention - The embodiment comprises a tube having an open end configured to oppose the ground end portion and the first end. Has an out. Two: The collet is placed in the tube, and the narrow, threaded end from the tube projecting screw 1 is configured to ring with the threaded end and is rotatable to be placed in the cable of the collet in the 124235.doc 200831387 collet. One embodiment of a method of transferring tension from a truss structure to the ground in accordance with the present invention includes 'pulling a plurality of tension cables together to gather at a pivot' in a first stage and in the second stage, the cable The tension in the transfer is transferred from the pivot to the ground. One embodiment of a method of rotating a frame in accordance with the present invention includes providing a frame having a first end and a second end and a contact point that is configured to rotate about a pivot point and provide a drive mechanism. A first end of the first cable is coupled to the first end of the frame and a second end of the first cable is coupled to the drive mechanism. A first end of the second cable is coupled to the second end of the frame and a second end of the second cable is coupled to the drive mechanism. Urging the drive mechanism to pull the first cable at a first rate and pulling the second cable at a second rate such that the frame rotates and the contact point engages the first cable or the second cable, thereby imparting additional rotational torque to the pivot of the frame axis. These and other embodiments of the present invention, as well as its features and some potential advantages, are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the design of inexpensive and minimal material mounting and pointing devices for linear arrays of solar collectors and converters. A particular embodiment of the present invention discloses a design of a rigging system that includes securing at least one force cable of a plurality of solar modules to provide suspension of the solar module to land, vegetation, water, and the like. A method of geographical feature that is not intended to disturb the underlying terrain. One such embodiment is shown in Figure 1 for clarity. Figure 1A shows details of a typical internal region of the array of Figure 1 124235.doc -9 - 200831387 for clarity. The component 102 of Figures 1 and 1A is a two-dimensional solar concentrator that requires precise pointing and tracking of sunlight along two axes of rotation. In this embodiment, the collectors have a diameter of 2.5 m and a distance between the vertical struts of 2 〇 m. The juxtaposition of such concentrators provides a cost advantage in the ability to share equipment, minimize the length of support pipes, and cable lengths. An axis of rotation 104 coincides with the long axis of the rigging system. Each concentrator is individually pivoted about a second axis of rotation 1 〇 6 along a diameter perpendicular to the first axis. Element 108 is a frame that includes elements to provide stiffness under tension in a plane perpendicular to the second axis of rotation of the concentrator. Element 11 is a tensioning member that provides rigidity to one axis and further provides tension along the diameter of the concentrator, which helps maintain the relative position of the elements within the concentrator and facilitates maintenance of the concentrator. Element 112 is a pivoting compression frame that is within the array. The tension frame is supported at the 卩 position. Element 丨丨 4 is a pivoting compression frame that supports a tension frame at the end of the array. The π member 116 is a multi-element cable that includes a thermal management system that dampens vibration. An embodiment of such a multi-element cable is described in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 6/839,855, filed on Jan. 23, 2011-0, file, In this article. Element ιΐ8 is a liquid_air heat exchanger that provides additional vibration damping. A compressive force is required to maintain the tension in the cable. The struts 120 and compression frames 112 and 114 support a portion of the compression load, but the primary compression frame of the tension frame is the ground and the system is mounted to the ground via anchors 122. The architecture according to the embodiment of the present invention 124235.doc -10- 200831387 uses the ground as the primary compression structural element and externalizes the cost of a large amount of structural material.曰 Element 124 is a feature of a compression frame that facilitates actuation along the main spokes of the system. Element 126 is a cable that is drawn and fed from a dedicated reel winch 128 to rotate the compression frame along the main axis, thereby rotating the entire tension frame system and the concentrator. A similar actuation mechanism is used on the secondary axis of the concentrator. The resulting relative motion of the tension and force cables causes each concentrator to pivot.太阳能 The solar module provides electrical, thermal or other conversion products that are roughly proportional to the collection area of the module. In order to achieve a high total collection area, there are several advantages to arranging multiple = same solar modules rather than a single large solar module, for example, easy to allocate, install and maintain to provide more actual solar tracking. One of the least material embodiments of the solar collector is the expanded concentrator or "balloon" shown in Figures i and 1A. As used herein, the term, balloon, refers to this particular type of concentrator. More specifically, it is intended to refer to any type of solar collector, such as a solar solar unit and module, a J-shaped concentrator, a Fresnel lens, etc. A conventional method of installing a solar module In order to use an extended frame made of crossbars and extruded parts that support a compressive load, and therefore require a large amount of material to resist buckling and deformation under wind loads, or to completely separate the mounts, each crossbar and individual parts of the extrusion Grounded to a solid surface, for example, connected to the ground via a concrete pedestal. Such conventional mounts may provide a disadvantage because they may require too much material to support tension loading and prevent deflection; Additional installation and pointing devices; and/or; • may require over-preparation or use of terrain beneath the module, thereby affecting and potentially using land under the 124235.doc 200831387 module In addition, the rigid structure must be designed to not warp or bend or twist under the heaviest design load, and these heaviest design loads are usually much more severe than the load at maximum operating load. For example, solar installations can be designed to withstand a 125 mph storm, but may be designed to operate effectively at wind speeds of only 25 mph ' or less. In this case, under extreme conditions n ( SUrvival condition) The downwind is structurally 25 times more powerful than the one encountered under the most severe operating conditions. The use of flexible cables allows us to make large differences between the operational and limit states. The cable can be pre-tensioned so that it remains under tension under operating conditions, but can become slack (under compression) under extreme conditions. Because the cable is usually not inflexible or warped, stress considerations require that the cable only Designed to withstand the maximum tensile load under extreme conditions. 〇Because pointing stability may be important in many applications, hardness considerations are usually driven The size of the frame member according to the present invention. Under axial tension, the axial stiffness and mechanical behavior of the cable are not substantially different from the axial stiffness and mechanical behavior of a rigid cylindrical extrusion having the same material per unit axial length. The elongation stiffness is typically much greater than the bending or torsional stiffness for a given span and material usage. Embodiments of the present invention are constructed to be substantially dependent on axial stiffness, thereby potentially driving per unit collection than conventional collector mounts. The area of the device is much less material. The possible disadvantage of the minimum material structure is its tendency to exhibit vibrational resonance. The deflection of structures such as 124235.doc 200831387 is much larger under dynamic forcing than under static forcing, and dynamic forcing is close. The vibration resonance frequency or the 6 vibration resonance frequency < spectral component. Thus, the method of mitigating dynamic deflection may include one or more of the following combinations: > • Increasing the cross-sectional area of the structural element to make it stiffer; ^ • Adjusting the cable tension to drive the resonance away from the main excitation frequency f) adding at least one node to at least one frame at intervals of periodic (repetitive), aperiodic (non-repetitive) or quasi-aperiodic (occasionally repeated); • in periodic (repetitive), aperiodic Adding at least one piece (including unequal blocks) to at least one frame at intervals of (non-repetitive) or quasi-aperiodic (occasionally repeated); • in periodic (repetitive), aperiodic (non-repetitive) or Adding at least one spring (including unequal springs) to at least one frame at a quasi-aperiodic (occasionally repeated) interval; U • constructing at least one frame from at least a portion of the material that internally dampens vibration; • at least partially self-aligning components The assembly of the material exhibits an enhanced vibration damping material, and the assembly of the two patterned materials constructs at least one frame; /々, the addition of the assembly is not directly related to One less vibration damper, such as a liquid-filled bladder, a straight and serpentine configuration with or without a balloon, a multi-component flexible cable, a buffer cylinder, a skid, and friction under vibration Components and their analogues. And there are such methods to reduce the dynamic deflection of a particular embodiment using a cautious material selection or operation (eg, selecting a vibration damped cable material or an appropriate gauge 124235.doc -13. 200831387 cable tension) to provide secondary functionality (eg, Use a liquid-filled channel or gas/liquid channel that also promotes thermal management. Other embodiments include buffering in response to observed vibration problems (eg, dampers filled with liquid or filled with liquid-gas, blocks, or between frame elements or between cables and fixed objects that are not used for other purposes) Cartridge) A feature that facilitates loading in the field. Thus, embodiments of the present invention use a plurality of solids (i.e., capable of resisting static stress) tensile members having a high aspect ratio. Alternative embodiments of the invention may use a plurality of non-solid components. As used herein, the syllabus may include at least one wire, extruded piece, wire rope, scorpion stern, scorpion, woven fabric, fabric, fiber. Reinforced composites, fiber reinforced cables, lanyard assemblies, and the like. In certain embodiments, a leapable metal strip capable of being warped under I without damage can be used. In use, the term "才索" can also refer to any structural component that is capable of supporting a substantial companion load or pumping dust in the normal operation, regardless of whether the actual part t body can support bending or compression. = Examples provide use - or a plurality of conventional dust-reducing frame elements (such as angular extrusions, 1-shaped extrusions, C-shaped extrusions, rods, tubes or rectangular bars) in place of wire ropes or the like. When used in 〆+方, '''''''''''''''''' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' The constraint of rotation. Another element of the invention is to fasten the balloon to the cable The connection to the -ssa fastener must be securely attached to the balloon and allow for smooth rotation during the tracking. These fasteners can be packaged 124235.doc 200831387 with extruded shell balls, casings, double casings, metal rings , a ligament, a sweet, and the like. A preferred embodiment of the fastener is a loop of flexible material, such as a cord or wire that is tensioned around the cable and attached to the balloon. The strands or cables are held so that they can freely rotate around the axis of the strands or cables' while maintaining a secure attachment. This replacement of the bearings and sliding joints with elastic torsion is an element of other embodiments of the invention. Included in the replacement of thrust bearings at the end of the array, etc. The simple embodiment of the present invention includes a single-tightening of a plurality of solar modules. This configuration provides less rotational stability to the module. 'Another embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of tensioning mirrors that are spaced such that the module is fastened at two separate points' and thus rotates about the axis of the surrounding cable for a single environment. More constrained. According to a specific embodiment, the cables may be oriented substantially parallel to each other. Large Figures 2 to 2A are respectively a two-dimensionally-tracked solar collector using two of these tensioning irons according to an embodiment of the present invention. A perspective view and an enlarged view of the inner section. The element 202 is a tension cable; the element 2〇4 is a compression frame; the element 206 is a compression strut; and the component is a solar collector (5), such as a solar panel). Optional vibration damper to reduce cyclic stress. Element 2〇4 is designed to support actuation using a pull and feed gauge 212 in cooperation with a dedicated drum m. However, a wide range of alternative actuation mechanisms are possible. 'Includes, but is not limited to, gear motors, ratchet motors, motorized drive pulleys or chains, rotary hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, linear electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, etc. Or, it is possible to fix the solid Xuan X X or manually. 124235.doc 200831387 % = Due to the cosine-dependent collector of power versus angular error - the more complex cable construction, the cost and complexity of the cable structures in Figure 1 and Figure A are justified. However, considerations such as vibration/vibration and shock load under large-scale vibrations may prove to be justified using a harder design. In general, Qin t f 疋 to the female wave this non-recovery or one-dimensional tracking collector barrier ^ column. A flat mouth Figure 3 shows a diagram of an internal section of a two-dimensional tracking solar energy collection according to an embodiment of the present invention. As in Figures 1 through 2A, the entire array, axis 302 is pivoted. Additionally, similar to the embodiment of Figures 1 through 1A, each collector pivots about an individual secondary axis 3〇4. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, this rotation is caused by the movement 3〇6 of the control cable 3〇8 relative to the other control cable 310. In this embodiment, the control cable 31〇 also serves as a structural support cable. The pivot tether point 312 converts the relative cable motion into a rotational motion of the solar collector. In this embodiment 300, the frame includes sides of the collector, compression element 〇 314 and tension element 316. The two-dimensional collector array can be mounted generally in a north-south orientation such that the self-shading effect can be reduced near dawn and dusk by further spacing the parallel columns of the arrays in the east-west direction Use land area less efficiently, but use solar collector area more efficiently. In this embodiment 300, damper 320 is coupled to the frame via element 318. The damper 320 may be a hollow member partially filled with a liquid or solid to limit vibration or chattering of the frame in response to an external force such as wind. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 5A, another state 124235.doc -16-200831387 is used to provide a common axial movement of the cable fastened to the module to achieve the axis of the die stage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Xiao movement agency. Feeding can be used, for example, to minimize the shadowing effect between adjacent columns of solar modules placed on different, cable systems in different days and different days. This common axial shift can be fixed, manually adjusted or actuated during installation. Another element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is a mechanism that provides at least a common translation of the plucking. The cables are fastened to the concentrator in a 〇 direction with components perpendicular to the axis of the cable. This allows the module to have a similar translation as shown in the embodiment of Figure 5B< This movement, for example, can be used to raise and lower the module assembly to, for example, ease of installation or maintenance to mitigate wind loads, minimize dust deposition, or reduce shadowing effects. Another element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is a mechanism that provides tension in the cable to be raised or lowered. For example, this mechanism can relax the cable to facilitate lowering the P train for, for example, maintenance to avoid wind stress and the like. This mechanism can be completed by any combination of the following: winches, sliders, splints, skid wheel systems, power winches, skids, clamps and the like. Another element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a third control cable that is secured to the module such that relative axial movement of one or more cables produces a suspected rotational motion component of the module. Thus, as shown in the embodiment of Figure 5C, the third control cable provides angular positioning of the module in one direction. In general, the number of cables in the tension frame will be greater than the number of control cables. The number of control cables described in these embodiments refers to a structure having a motion effect of the control cable, that is, the motion control cable can be a cable and a compression element 124235 that can be logically replaced by a single cable to perform a motion operation. Doc -17- 200831387's assembly. Another embodiment includes disposing a fastening point on the solar collector module such that the axis of rotation is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cable. As shown in Figure 3, another embodiment of the invention includes a fourth cable attached to the module. As shown in Figure 5D, a fourth cable is used in conjunction with the third cable such that differential axial movement of the third cable and the fourth cable relative to the first cable and the second cable produces rotational motion of the module. The fourth cable is kinematically redundant but can be reduced

Less stress or torque associated with the rotation or wind load of the solar collector module. Another embodiment of the invention includes configuring six cables that are positioned such that relative movement of three substantially parallel pairs of cables achieve substantially the same rotation as the two concentrators of the side-by-side configuration. This configuration is used by the embodiment shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1A. This configuration uses a rigid connection between the concentrators to exclude a pair of control cables. & Another embodiment of the invention comprises configuring seven cables having the same structure as the six-element system but providing an additional control (four) cable at the center. This configuration reduces torsional loads or stresses in the connections between the concentrators. The present invention includes the configuration of eight cables to maintain two parallels. In this configuration, the connections between the concentrators, if any, do not necessarily carry any load associated with the pointing. 4 = Invention - Another element of the embodiment includes, for example, a response: the critical heat is too high to cause the solar module to rotate rapidly. A rotary mechanism automatic release mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. This release mechanism can be automatically or manually restored to operation = 124235.doc -18- 200831387. Another element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes providing movement of at least one cable relative to other ferrite having a component perpendicular to the cable axis: a mechanism that causes the solar module to experience motion with a rotational component. The other element of the embodiment according to the invention comprises means for providing movement of all of the cables of the compact solar module about an axis in the course of the generally rigid body rotational motion. As shown in Figure 5E! As shown in the embodiment of Figure 3, this

The motion of the cable produces a rotational motion of the solar module having a component in the axial direction of the cable. Preferably, the axis of rotation coincides with the point at which the cable tension is substantially torque free and can be pivoted about a mechanism that is substantially pivoted under tension. Actuating the moving belt or the like is coupled to the frame, since the windings only substantially support the tension load, the coordinated motion of such mechanisms can occur at least near the ends of the cable (as shown in Figure 4) and possibly Occurs at the point between the towels (as in the embodiment of Figures 4B and Figures i to 3) by using a wide variety of mechanisms or mechanisms (including rigid mechanical linkages, slave servo motors, rotary electric, pneumatic) Or a hydraulic actuator or a motor or a line of electric power, a hydraulic actuator, or the like, to coordinate the movement. The movement of the actuator can support embodiments of the present invention via one or more of a gear, pulley, chain, and indeed any of the above configurations. However, a preferred embodiment may use one or more additional cables under tension whose axial motion produces a common actuation of all mechanisms. This ♦ can be used to rotate the pulley, preferably designed to drive a rotatable element (such as a gear, gear train, wheel or wheel segment or the like) to actuate the coordination. 124235.doc -19· 200831387 The way the belt is indexed on the cable. The actuators can be actuated by a cable connector or in parallel (e.g., via (4) or pinch) to facilitate the mechanism between the cable terminals. Alternatively, the element can be actuated directly or via a pulley or a direction of force (foree_direction_changing to actuate the cable itself to actuate the mechanism by applying tension.

In a particular embodiment, the tension may be resisted by a combination of elastic forces or tension from a complementary cable. According to an embodiment, the complementary cable is an extension of the same-cable that is cut in generally opposite directions, for example by the action of a pulley that changes direction - (10) degrees. Another preferred embodiment uses complementary axial movement of the two joints on the complementary sides of the same cable. These actuation cables may not be stiff enough to be actuated during long term operation. In some embodiments of the invention, the actuators can be placed at a shorter interval than the entire array to increase stiffness and provide better wind load handling. Figure 6 shows an illustration of a pulley system 6〇〇 for the rotation of the reference frame actuation support frame 〇2 relative to the smaller pulley 6丨2 from the frame. In this frame, the smaller pulley moves in the arc 6U around the pivot point of the frame. At the same time, the windings 6〇8 and 61〇 are pulled and fed to generate this movement. The possible advantage of this rotary actuation using a circular pulley or arc B is that the feed and draw 6 〇 8 and the rate are the same 'and the feed at a given feed rate is constant. A possible disadvantage of using a circular pulley is that only a large amount of material is required to maintain the circular shape of the pulley. In the illustrative material-efficient pulley 6〇4, the area between the spokes is subjected to bending under belt tension. This bending reduces the stiffness of the actuation and reduces tracking accuracy under wind, gravity and inertial loads. A certain amount of 124235.doc -20- 200831387 material may be required to make a sufficiently stiff pulley to maintain rigidity. In addition, the rotational force can be transmitted to the frame frame only at the point where the pulley such as 606 approaches the frame member. If such joints are located inside the frame member, the strength and stiffness of the actuation are further dependent on the bending strength and stiffness of the frame members. Deuteratedly, other material winding mechanisms that substantially eliminate bending are used in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention. This alternative method can utilize existing components of the compression frame assembly *. f. Figure 7 shows an embodiment of this actuation method using a framed reference frame. By using the mechanism 712 to pull and feed the cables 7〇8 and 71〇, the compression member 7021⁄4 rotates about its pivot point 72〇. The drive mechanism can alternatively be mounted to the frame to be actuated, and the cables 7〇8 and 71〇 pull the point and on a pivot in another reference frame (eg, the frame of the ground or another frame element) . Cables 7〇8 and 710 (which may be part of the same cable or two different cables) directly pull the frame at point 71 6 . Over a range of angles, 708 and 710 are traversed by the frame member 7〇4 (at a suitable point of contact 718. This contact prevents the lever arm between the cables 7〇8 and 71〇 and the pivot from following the frame The rotation changes too much. The contact point 718 and the two points 716 can be considered as triangle approximations of the arc. The use of additional pivot points provides a better approximation of the arc (if permissible). Because the frame rotates around its pivot, the drive mechanism 7丨2 moves relative to the frame along the arc 714. A possible advantage of this configuration is the material efficiency for a given actuator stiffness. The actuator stiffness is primarily derived from the axial stiffness of the frame member. In addition, the pivot-supporting frame The components may give other advantages. For example, in the embodiment of the framework of Figure 7, the pivot support members 124235.doc - 21 - 200831387 704 may use less compressive stress in other components. The end of the component of the only contact that is required to actuate is tight and simple compared to the amount in Figure 6. Figure 7 _ The method may provide f to be at different rates and at different rates. Pulling and Feeding around the cable ^

"Materials (4) (for example) F know (four) winches to overcome the disadvantage by separately feeding and pulling the cable. There is a manufacturing mechanical ratchet device that uses the control system and the structure == to allow the single-horse to feed and pull «, while not = cable. This configuration has the advantage of being able to adjust the tension of the cable by adjusting the relative amount of pull and the ideal conditional release of the -sports match. However, unless a separate brake mechanism is used, it has mechanical complexity, needs, frequent operation of the ratchet and pawl under load, and the need for complex mechanisms to withstand the load at a sufficient wind speed.

In the mode redistribution frame, the frame portion is formed to form the outer ring (604). As shown in FIG. 8A to FIG. 8 , an embodiment of the Lemin, V~V-actuated motor is used. The 亥°海豉 is constructed to feed and pull the cable as it rotates at the substantially motion matching rate required by the frame. The drum can be further designed such that the rate of rotation of the frame is constantly proportional to the rate of rotation of the drum regardless of the angle. The design of these drums is straightforward, but may require iteration. The first step is to analyze the cable seat and pivot point, the pivot point of the frame, and the position of the drum. In the first iteration, the drum may have a fixed cable diameter. The required feed and pull rate can be calculated for all frame angles. 124235.doc -22- 200831387 The drum radius should be approximately equal to the individual feed or withdrawal rate of f. The receiver can improve the curve of the drum radius and angle by considering the actual cable angle, out-of-plane motion and cable tension. / Cable tension calculations can take into account the static load on the actuator (for example, from the weight of the system and the continuation: ^ 乂 乂,, see the pre-tension). The degree of improvement of the drum is set to less tension change in the actuator gauge and improved absolute angle accuracy; However, due to the limited rigidity of the actuating wire and the components, the approximate Ο turn design is sufficient. It is possible to increase the hardness of the actuator by adding (4): the drum inaccuracy'. And 2 for the cable will not follow the radius of the drum due to τ lack of local indentation, but will jump on the surface of the indentation on all the lines of the line to the next r丄 often often do not mind "not normal adjustment of the drum pass" normal Geometric structure 'for example, sharp pivot point. In order to avoid this problem, the cable pivot can be designed as a single curved shape so that the cable is substantially separated from the table, the table or the table. A tangential point of engagement with the pivoting bucket ', Jade, may reduce the hardness by creating an overload caused by the pivot. "The difference in the axis of the element is due to the symmetry of the frame and its angular rotation,

The drum in the middle can be decomposed into "the same drum" as in the "8" to 8B embodiment. In the present invention, the same rate is reversely rotated (as shown in Fig. 9). The same direction rotation and direction rotation (such as Figure H), such as the motor, crank, etc., are convenient to drive. Transferring benefits (Example 124235.doc -23- 200831387 In some embodiments of the invention, a relatively large diameter drum may be employed relative to the common motor shaft diameter, for example by using a motor shaft Small teeth, worm or helical gears and circumferential or helical gears mounted, cast or machined to one or more drums to provide a significantly effective gear ratio. This configuration eliminates or reduces the rotation of the drum. Any additional gearing requirements for the rotary actuator. As described earlier, the plurality of drums can also be actuated by pulling the cable, pulley or actuating the belt to reduce the number of actuator drives. In the co-rotating configuration, the two cables are located in substantially the same plane perpendicular to their axis of rotation. It is also possible to coordinate the axial movement of one of the drums with the rotation so that the out-of-plane motion of the cymbal is substantially suppressed In some embodiments of the invention, the brake device or mechanical latch may be deployed to lock the position of the array, for example, in preparation for a severe storm. This lock can be deployed throughout the range of travel angles. In or in the appropriate position at the location of - or a plurality of specific originals. Oscillation Damping and Suppression If all cables are under the load of the module and have a similar shape of a catenary and the cables are parallel to each other, the excited cable (4 Mm, the worst mode of the wind): the vibration does not cause the module to rotate. This feature can be used for solar modules that use solar energy to collect light with high-rate light factor, because the sound is not Alignment, which seriously reduces the efficiency of the module. ~ Angle However, the higher-order oscillation mode can produce _., Θ! Wo alignment. One of the elements of the paste of the present invention is the deployment of the damper element on the cable. To reduce the Φ Gusto, including from a cable to another 35 N _ vibration, see the damping element and along the cable 124235.doc -24. 200831387 cable expansion. As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments, the damping elements may comprise a portion filled with a liquid (eg, water), a gel, a paste, an emulsion, a thixotropic material, a colloidal suspension, a fiber, or a particulate material (eg, soil). Rigid or flexible tube of sand, sawdust and the like) a channel, or a flexible tube filled with liquid and possibly suspended particles, such that liquid sloshing caused by cable oscillating forces dampens the oscillating energy. Certain embodiments of the invention may be by using a coolant as the liquid. These pipes are further used as heat exchange components for solar modules. Alternatively, aerodynamic chatter dampers similar to those used on power cables in windy areas can be used. Cables are oriented at low and relatively low relative to each other. Oscillation can create compressive and tensile stresses on a solar module that can affect its function or life. One or more connections that support compression and/or tension between cables that are substantially perpendicular to the cable axis can be reduced This damage or degradation can be inserted into the connection as needed. The relative axial movement of the cable due to the chatter can be suppressed by arranging such attachments that are inclined at an angle relative to the normal to the cable axis. . These attachments movably support any relative cable motion that requires pointing to the solar module. Tension Frame The simplest tension frame is the tensioning cable. This frame generally has a relatively large hardness in the axial direction than in the direction perpendicular to this axis. The tensioning cable resists the axial deflection with a force that is initially linear with the ratio of the displacement to the length of the cable, and the resistance to the vertical deflection is initially a shift of the ratio of the length of the cable to the length of the cable, and thus has A much smaller hardness is forced perpendicular to the winding 124235.doc -25 - 200831387. Some applications, such as non-concentrating or low-concentration solar collectors, allow for large vertical deflections. Other applications require greater stiffness and the use of more complex tension frame structures. The stiffness of the cable system according to the present invention can be increased by the use of a tension frame structure such as the tension frame structure shown in Figure 。. This tension frame 1100 is part of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 1A. The main cable 1102 is sufficiently tensioned such that the transverse elements (here, vertical cables) 1106 are substantially under tension during normal operation. The third cable 1104 can provide stiffness along its axis. The axial deflection of the transverse element is resisted by the axial stiffness of the cable 1106 and the axial stiffness of the cable 11〇2. That is, the vertical movement of the component requires a one-step axial displacement of the cable 1102. Without this tension frame, the cable's resistance to deflection perpendicular to its axis increases much more slowly, initially as a cubic of displacement. However, this hardness advantage can be lost in the manner in which the cable 1102 is supported. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize a compression frame to constrain the cable 11〇2 to substantially resist movement perpendicular to its axis. These embodiments rely on a substantially uniform spatial wind yoke inside a series of tension frames to symmetrically suppress differential axial displacement. Other embodiments utilize additional compression frame workpieces in various positions (e.g., periodic twin, aperiodic or quasi-aperiodic) within a series of tension frames to stiffen the frame against differential axial displacement of the cable 106. . Other embodiments utilize it degree bending stress and crossbar deflection to resist or mitigate such unnecessary displacement. In the case of (iv) 11G2 differential axial motion system generated by wind load 124235.doc -26- 200831387, these displacements are likely to be cyclic or vibrating. In some embodiments of the invention, as discussed previously, such cyclic shifts are mitigated by the use of dampers. / (4) Embodiments of the Invention (IV) The generation of the tension frame structure includes a design to eliminate the extra tension cable and the self-compressing frame or some or all of the vertical cables i 1〇6 by direct stretching of the (4) cable close to the installed device. The point of stretching. Figure 12 depicts another element of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 through 1A. In particular, Figure 12 shows a separate tension frame 12A in which elements 12A can include devices associated with the concentrator. The minimum material and robust concentrator design can benefit from the application of tension. By way of example, in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 through 1A, the tension in the element 13 is used to reduce the material in the mount of the solar receiver module and is provided for use only the outer edge of the frame ( For example, location 132) is a convenient way to install and remove the concentrator. This tension frame also stiffens the system as in the frame of Fig. 11. Fig. 13A-13B show two embodiments of a tension frame comprising a three-dimensional frame in accordance with the present invention. These frames can be used to provide stiffness or tension in multiple directions. The frame 1300 comprising the folded tension frame 1302 is a simple way to create tension 1304. However, the displacement between the center of the load 1308 and the primary tension cable can produce a torque that rotatably deflects the array (as indicated by 1306). Therefore, this folded frame frame is less suitable for high precision pointing devices. In contrast, the moments 124235.doc -27-200831387 as part of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 through 1A and the resulting rotation of the more complex frame 1350 substantially avoids such force shifting. Compression Framework The architecture according to an embodiment of the invention uses the ground as the primary compression element, but it is generally not possible to eliminate the extra compression elements in any important design. As used herein, a compression frame is an assembly having at least one structural element such that at least one of the components of the assembly undergoes a compression load during normal operation.

压缩 The design of the compression element in accordance with the present invention is directed to minimizing the overall structural material cost for a given ampoule rigidity. The simplest compression "framework" is a single element that constrains the movement of at least one cable. For example, a fixed angle collector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can be mounted to extend between at least the struts and Also mounted on a cable-terminated tension frame. In this embodiment, the compression frame is simply a strut. Many embodiments of the present invention utilize at least one strut as a compression element, typically (but not universally) with additional anchors ( In cooperation with, for example, cables and ground anchors, these pillars may use their resistance to bending to stiffen the rigging system, if required for bending resistance (including resistance to direct bending) The preferred embodiment of such pillars is one in which there is a greater product of the modulus of elasticity and the magnitude of the secondary moment of inertia relative to its unit mass cost. Typically, other advantageous factors include good Vibration damping capacity. Advantageous materials are wooden crossbars and poles well known in the art, for example, wire cups, "rail sleepers", pressurized Liquefied with creosote or other environmentally friendly wood, mahogany, pine, cloud wedge steel and aluminum extruded straight and with * methane (4). Advantageous materials include hollow materials filled with dirt, foam or gravel and water, etc. In embodiments where one angle or two angles of sunlight are required... additional compression of the frame element. This element can be supported with more than one: force The single element (which supports the collector) is obtained by rotating the moment applied to the element: actuation and;

= component: actuated by - or multiple components. These elements can be either one of: (e.g., a thrust rod from a linear actuator) or stretchable (e.g., a cable to which a spot actuator is attached). Additional components can be added to the compression framework for a variety of purposes. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, increasing static or dynamic hardness per weight or cost, avoiding or minimizing collector shading, supporting actuation, and supporting auxiliary hardware (such as interconnects and heat exchangers, etc.) ). Figure 14 shows an example of a tension frame designed to support a tandem collector in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This frame 1400 is designed to support rotation about the twist point 1402. The compression arms 14〇4 are typically designed to avoid warping under load. The circular tube geometry shown has a relatively large specific moment of inertia per unit of material, but instead of a cross section, for example, a crossbar, a c-shaped channel, a square or rectangular extrusion, a substantially solid wood, may be more advantageous Special application load and vibration damping requirements. Element 1406 supports the tension frame of Figure 12. Elements 14〇8 and 141〇 support the tension frame of Figure 11. The combination of these architectures has the geometry of Figures 3B (13 10 and 13 12). Element 1412 is a feature that provides a channel for the specification (e.g., Figure 124235.doc -29-200831387 11 (1104)). By design, this architecture can be constructed from a minimum number of different components or components of different designs. However, it does not contain the components for actuation, and the different thickness cables of the tension frame are required in "Μ and 1408 to equalize the displacement under load, due to, for example, wind and/or gravity, due to, for example, wind and/or gravity. The cable connected to "(7) can carry more force (eg, twice the force) than the cable connected to 1408. Figure 15 shows another embodiment of a frame design. The frame 1500 surrounds the 1502 pivoting member 1504 to support the tension frame cable 1506. The tension is such that the element 1 500 is preloaded by the tension of the compression offset formed by constraining the other tension frame at point 15 10 . The difference between this framing design and other designs is that there are elements 1 5 18 that are used with the cable 152 and the pivot 1 52 to support rotational actuation as previously described. The pre-tensioning of 1520 redistributes the load so that element 15 14 is always under tension during operation. To this end, in this design, 1514 may take the form of a cable or a low profile rigid member such as a rod or an elongated rod, which is accidental because it is opaque to the concentrator at a particular time of day and year. position. One of the two substantially planar designs shown in Figures 14 and 15 is its dependence on shear stress, torsion and/or bending to resist out-of-plane torsion. This distortion can be caused by an imbalance or dynamic wind. Figures 16A-16D show different views of alternative juices taken from the embodiment shown in Figures i through ία using an out-of-plane frame structure to stiffen the compression frame against out-of-plane deflection. As a component in Fig. 15, the supplement 124235.doc -30-200831387 is charged, and the design 16〇〇 in Fig. 16A to Fig. 16D contains a tension member and a compression member 1604, which cooperate to produce one or more components. Linear axial displacement to out-of-plane deflection (except for rigid body rotation of the entire assembly). The benefits of this out-of-plane hardness depend on the nature of the wind load (uniform and non-uniform) and the ability of the structure to dampen vibration. In some embodiments of the invention, this out-of-plane hardening may be deployed at periodic, non-periodic or quasi-periodic intervals only when needed. The cost of installation time and the complexity of such out-of-plane reinforcements can be an important consideration. Figure 17 shows details of the internal compression architecture design 1700 of the embodiment of Figures i through II. Element 17〇2 is a screw adjustment device that can extend or shorten compression element 1704. The elongate member 17A2 bends and/or rotates the element η% such that the cable 1 708 that intersects at the intersection of 17〇4 and 17〇6 can be tensioned. This adjustment feature is advantageous because it eliminates expensive hardware (e.g., 'sturdy screw buckles, etc.). In addition, the supply of such components can be inexpensively built into the system and installed only when conditions permit. Tail The end of the cable train may require special handling because of the need to transfer the tension from the tension frame to the firmament. One treatment may be to anchor one or more cables to one of the extended surfaces or to have a stiffener with or without stiffeners to relieve bending stress and limit deflection of the strut. Such stiffeners can be cable or compression frame elements known in the art. In the case where the system tracks sunlight through one or two angles, a more complex, complex mechanism may be required. For example, one or more of the viewing cables can be anchored to a rigid rod that can pivot on a rigid structure in the extended surface of 124235.doc -31-200831387. In this case, the component spans 5 meters:: = terminal, and therefore may be the material of the coffee. (4) Water A h Example) The amount required to be excessive depends on the specific material cost of the specific embodiment of the = end of the component. ° and make maximum use of tensioning elements to reduce material

The tension collector support structure of the embodiment C usually contains a hinge. To allow such cables to wrap around - the axis ' can be combined with the cable or the tension it carries to a small area around the pivot axis' and transfer the load from a relatively small area disposed about the pivot axis to the ground. ^ In the two examples, the transfer of tensile stress to the ground consists of two phases. The first stage is to pull the cable or tension to the pivot at the same time, for example, by forming a cable bundle, mechanically fitting the cable to a common: rigid part or secondary cable or the like. The second stage is to transfer the forces from the pivot to the extension, for example by bringing - or a plurality of cables or tensioning elements to the ground or the base or by compressing the elements or bending forces (with lower material efficiency). surface. The ability to see that this is generally distorted and not fatigue provides the opportunity to exclude individual pivots/bovines (such as mechanical shafts in bearings or bushings). Cable segments that are straight/hundred to 1000 times longer or longer in length can be repeatedly distorted (10) degrees with minimal degradation. These roping sections may comprise an inexpensive pivot in accordance with the present invention. In many embodiments of the invention, the load needs to be distributed to a plurality of ground anchors or bases. In some embodiments, the self-tensioning support cable forms a bundle, the beam 124235.doc -32 - 200831387 itself is used as a pivot or the bundle is passed through a separate pivot structure, and then one of the cables from the bundle is divided into Opening to a separate ground location is cost effective. In some embodiments, such as the embodiment of Figure 1, the tensioning structure cable is asymmetrically displaced about the pivot point. This displacement often must provide a full-angle pivot range and provide side reinforcement of the internal struts. Under these conditions, the component of the force in the tensioning structure cable is transmitted to the component, the pivot, and the struts adjacent the compression frame when the cable is aligned with the axis. This additional load may require significant changes to the design of the compression frame and the anchors near the end. Alternatively or in combination, a stage can be added to transfer the tension from the truss structure to the ground. Figures 18A and 18B show views of a terminal having three such transfer stages. (Figure 1 8 A is an end view with only one pillar visible). In the first stage, the tension cable 1 802 is drawn in groups to the viewing cable assembly 1804 at an axis which mitigates the unusual load profile (indicated by the dashed lines) on the final compression frame. In the second stage, the compression element 18〇6 transfers a large amount of unbalanced load from the tension to the pivot and transfers the load to the extended surface. In the third stage, the remainder of the tensile load is transferred to the extended surface. In order to maintain the rigidity of the tension frame system, the angular position of the cable plate can be tightly controlled, for example, via a minimum of material actuating member 1 808' or a wide range of alternative techniques previously disclosed. In addition, it may be advantageous to add a frame 181 to stiffen the terminal system. The terminal embodiment of Figures 18A through 1B produces a large 124235.doc -33 - 200831387 :& [shrinkage. 19A-19B illustrate an alternate embodiment of a three-stage terminal design in which the cables are grouped or forced after combining a plurality of cables (eg, outer group cables 1904) into a second group (eg, bundled). The tight position at the position with the 2 pivot 19G8, or the force it carries, is additionally V to the position 19〇6. The reaction force required for this redirection of support is provided by the framework system 1910, which can further serve as a component in the minimum material 'actuation system'. 〇 Figure I% shows an alternative embodiment of a tetrahedral frame that includes a pivotally mounted edge. This tetrahedral frame utilizes at least two compression elements 1918. The other four elements 'e.g., '1920, 1922, and 1924 can be fully stretched. In the illustrated embodiment, the tetrahedral frame derives sufficient torsional stiffness relative to the last internal compression frame i 9〇2 from the configuration of the mirror, the indexing element, the strut and the tool to exclude the individual rotary actuators. In other embodiments, the tetrahedral frame can be actuated to further stiffen the system. In the design of Figure 19, the actuation system can use the same device and drum that are made by an internal actuator. However, this particular design is such that the arms 1912 of the frame 1910 are long and can be heavily loaded, so that too much material may be required to avoid buckling. In accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the frame can be stunned to allow the helium to be more tightly combined to the pivot point to reduce force and compress component length. An alternative hierarchical architecture in accordance with the broad scope of the present invention can be devised by those skilled in the art. Possible architectures include minimizing materials, reusing components used elsewhere, minimizing footprint, and the like. Some embodiments of the terminal in accordance with the present invention provide 124235.doc -34 - 200831387 generally open areas between ground elements (eg, 1914 and 1916) such that the maintenance vehicle or vehicle can pass through at least part of the day region. It is contemplated that certain embodiments in accordance with the present invention have access and maintenance paths within and through the terminal. The mechanism for tightening the end of the cable should be capable of supporting cable tension as well as any lateral forces or increased tension generated by the wind. One embodiment of this mechanism is a frame that uses a cable as a tensioning element and a minimum number of compression elements to perform its function, as this configuration should provide for minimizing the number of cable attachment devices and frame materials, and thus minimizing costs . An embodiment of the connection between the terminal mechanism and the extended surface of the mount is a pole that is placed or recessed in the extended surface and secured such that the pole generally carries compressive stress and the pull wire carries tensile stress, the sheet The stress is conveyed to the frame extension surface via a mechanical connection base, this 'spinning base or the like. As used herein, the term 'extended surface' means a load support structure such as a roof, a wall, a paving road. Surface, ground, bedrock, lake bed, seabed, etc.实施 An embodiment of the invention may include an additional tension to the solar module. According to these embodiments, the differential axial movement of the cable produces a rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the array to effect directional control along an axis of rotation. A plurality of supports may be further included in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The support members provide movement of at least one cable perpendicular to its axis to produce a rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the array for directional control along the second axis of rotation. A common translation of the cable 124235.doc-35-200831387 connected to the module can be further provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention such that the array of modules can be translated perpendicular to the axis. A common axial translation of the cable is provided in accordance with other embodiments of the present invention to enable the module to translate in the axial direction. 20A-20D show several embodiments of a mount system for transferring a load to an extended surface. These examples show the use of a post 2002 mounted in the ground, the surface of which is indicated by 2004. Piece 2006 is a ground anchor, base or other mount component. Element 2〇〇8 is a cable configuration for the sloping plate, frame or mitigation of the bending stress of the struts while providing additional space for the rapper to provide space for the collector and collector support traverse. Figure 20B shows details of the top (four) domain of the mount shown in Figure 20A. In this example, the stiffener 2〇1〇 is configured to provide a pivot for a cable-free compression frame. For example, the mirror cable 2_ can pass through a hole in the hollow shaft 2012 or be mounted to the 2G12. In this embodiment, 2() 12 is subjected to a cantilever load and is bent due to the tension in it. Due to the relatively tight geometry, component 2012 can handle these loads with bending, stress or cost. Figure 2〇C shows that the mount is only fixed to one side, thus replacing the mount system with the other side without a mirror. Dots 2〇13 indicate cooperation of other structural elements not shown. In this embodiment, it is preferable to alternate or change the side to be fixed. Figure 20D shows an alternative configuration in which a single error is shared between the two legs to prevent axial movement. This configuration offers advantages in material efficiency and ease of installation. However, the tool must be designed to resist side loads. The mechanism that tightens the end of the k-wire should be able to support the tension of the cable as well as any lateral force or increased tension by the wind production 124235.doc -36- 200831387. One embodiment of this mechanism is to use, see ^ as a tensioning element and a minimum number of compression elements to perform its function. This configuration should provide for minimizing the number of cable attachment devices and the frame material, and thus minimizing cost. An embodiment of the connection means between the s舳 mechanism and the extended surface of the mount is an electric cup placed or recessed in the extended surface and fixed such that the pole generally carries compressive stress and the pull wire carries tensile stress The tensile stress is transmitted to the extended surface of the mount via a mechanical connection, a mixing/spinning base or the like. As used herein, the term "extended surface π", such as roof, wall, masonry road surface, ground, bedrock, lake = sea floor, etc. may include additional fastening to solar modules in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Tensile cable. According to these embodiments, the differential axial movement of the cable produces a rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the array to effect directional control along an axis of rotation. A plurality of support members can be further included. The support members provide movement of at least one cable perpendicular to its axis to produce a rotational motion component of the individual solar modules of the array to effect directional control along the second axis of rotation. An embodiment may further provide for common translation of the cables connected to the modules such that the array of modules is translatable perpendicular to the axis. Other embodiments of the present invention provide for common axial translation of the slings such that the dies (four) are Translation in the axial direction. Anchors 124235.doc -37- 200831387 Elements of an embodiment of the invention are the main compression skeleton of the solar collector system Externalization. The system-to-ground interface is relevant for this installation. The field solution is well known in the art. The ground anchor 21 used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figures 21-21. A particular embodiment of 00. In Figure 21, a twisted strength structure (eg, a square or a circle)

The manifold or conduit is connected to the broad spiral feature 2丨04 of the ground anchor (as known in the art). The end of the tube 2 1 02 may optionally contain features 2丨〇6 (for example, a sharp-edged beveled 'edge') that aids in the cutting and displacement of soil, clay or rock. Toward the top of the body 21〇2 is a feature 21〇8 that provides engagement with a rotating tool to drive the ground anchor. The rotary tool can further provide an axial force or displacement that is preferably coordinated with the rotational motion to cause the helical tube 21〇4 to be smoothly driven into the extended surface. The length of 21〇2 and the size of 2104 should be sufficient to hold the required load for a given extended surface. The size and material thickness of the 21G2 should be coordinated with its length and size of 21 () 4 so that the torsional or compressive strength is at least often not exceeded and the drive is misdirected into the extended surface. Element 2UG is a collet that holds at least the cord in its aperture 2112. The taper of the collet 2114 and the female latch 2116 ensures that when the collet is loaded (e.g., by the action of the nut 2118 on the thread), ^ 乍), the grip is firmly clamped through the 2112. This taper is further accompanied by a strike to strike the + ^ ^ guarantee, and the tension in the cable is used to increase the clamping load on the cable. Taper can function in several ways. In one embodiment, the collet is substantially matched to the taper of the cover 124235.doc -38- 200831387. In the implementation shown, the cleats of the collet and the cover are different so that the compressive force on the cable is further concentrated along the center of the barrel. Taper: Mismatch provides an enhanced "combination" between the collet and the cover and reduces the persistence: cable tension or long-term dependence on pre-tensioning of 2108. The anchor feature 2120 is designed to be tight with the hydraulic cable tensioner The tensioner can be clamped or seated on the feature, clamped to the cable that is held in error, and adjusted for cable length to achieve the desired tension or displacement. Hydraulic tensioner coupled to feature 2120 The device can, for example, be rotated by the nut 2118, then pressed 2118 toward the cover 21〇8 or otherwise released the pre-tensioner 2 11 8 (including manually releasing the pre-tensioner, for example by manually rotating the nut) The condition) to further, untie "or loosen the collet 211". The device can be further provided with automatic or manual pre-tensioning after adjustment, for example by reversing the step of releasing the cable from the clamp. In several positions of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 through 1A, one or more tensioning cables are preferably coupled to one or more other cables. For example, Figure 22 does not provide a cable plate 22〇2 that is connected between eight highly tensioning cables 22〇4. The continuation: cable 2204 contains the main tension structure of the frame and 22〇6, 2206 for the combined tension A cable that is communicated to the end of the device. An alternative embodiment of this board couples such cables having a plurality of cables to the trailing end. A method of combining cables known in the art is to use a variety of crimps and clamps. The advantage of using the cable plate of Figure 22 is that it is easier to tension individual cables. Like the ground anchors in Figures 21-21A, the cable plate uses a collet, wedge-shaped holes 124235.doc •39- 200831387 and pre-tensioned nuts to clamp the pluck. Also like the ground anchor in Figures 21 to 2, the lost structure contains the frame features of the hydraulic tensioner device. The specific sample of the present invention is capable of deflecting, buckling or curling at least one of the tension structures without being under tension. This provides a prefabricated, convenient distribution of Ο 尺寸 accurate dimensions and easy and precise assembly in the field. By way of example, a complete section or multi-segment connection of such cable assemblies can be manufactured using automated devices and distributed to bobbins, rollers or other convenient dispensing aids. Because of & in these embodiments, any component attached to the gauge can be sufficiently flexible or tight and tight to avoid damage when the assembly is flexed. Figures 23A and 23B show the design of a thin cable connection illustrating the characteristics of such a cable connector. The design of Figure 23A provides for the attachment of two generally orthogonal slings 2306 and 23〇8 by sandwiching the cable between two tight rigid embossed sheet metal slabs. This connector can be used to facilitate pivoting the concentrator to its secondary axis. In other embodiments, the cable may be held in a single or multiple segment assemblies made by a group of techniques known in the art (eg, injection molding, casting (including zinc alloy casting, etc.). In other embodiments, such items may be attached to the cable via a fastener (eg, 2314) via a pinch, a stone, a crimp, an adhesive, solder, braze, solder, or the like. Welding and high temperature operation can adversely affect the strength of the cable. Alternatively, lower temperature mating techniques (such as molten zinc or soldering) can be utilized, including casting the part directly on the cable. ^ 124235.doc -40- 200831387 The design provides for the removal of the cable in the area 23丨〇 indicated by the dashed line, thereby allowing the device to be pivotally mounted to the position 23 12 over a wider range than would otherwise be possible. This design maintains the axis of the cable 23〇6 The vertical load, and thus the increased vertical stiffness. This adjustment is equally possible for the cable 2308. In some embodiments, such connectors are required at the intersection of the three cables. One or more tight The use of the segments at the intersection of the cables can compensate for the limited size of the cable or other device to allow the load to be placed substantially along the axis of one or more cables. Such cross connectors can further provide for pivoting or receiving of the cable during operation. The restraining is moved so that the cable assembly can be crimped without damage, but is rigid when the cable is rotated into its operative position. Figure 23B shows an embodiment of a cable mounting pivot in accordance with the present invention. In this case, the cable 23 is clamped via force from the mechanical fastener 2322, but in other embodiments, the connector may be crimped, forged, or otherwise mated with the cable as previously discussed. Since the load from 2318 deviates from the axis of the cable, the components that are mated with 2318 should be designed to prevent the action of the two objects produced by these two items from bending or twisting the cable 2316 if rigidity is important. Way of doing, (4) connection. An advantageous technique is to pass the cable through the center of the other cable by separating its strands. Then, it can be done separately or One or more crimps or anvils are used in conjunction with the entire or partial sleeve to secure the cable. Alternatively, the mirror cable can be secured by soldering, zinc or zinc alloy casting, or zinc or melt zinc bonding. 124235.doc -41 - 200831387 Figure 24 shows a plan view of a solar farm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The collector array is most efficiently placed in an elongated column. If the array tracks sunlight in two dimensions, as before It is disclosed that these columns can be placed most advantageously in a north-south orientation. This orientation allows the collection of collectors as tightly as possible along the main axis while avoiding self-shading, which provides minimal material use. For multiple columns, the spacing between the columns should be wide enough to allow self-shading to be acceptable at the beginning or end of the day. The distance between adjacent columns should be at least wide enough to provide convenient maintenance. In some embodiments, the spacing between the columns can be affected by other factors, such as supporting the space required to park below the array, the space required for planting and harvesting, and the like. It is usually desirable to tilt the west slightly to the west because it biases the operating window towards the end of the day (where energy demand is strong). If tracking along a plurality of axes is manual, it can advantageously orient the array east-west, so only one axis needs to be adjusted due to seasonal variations. Because this direction limits the productivity of the system, it is not always reasonable to expect this trade-off. Having described the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the disclosure is only illustrative and that various other alternatives, modifications, and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but only by the scope of the following claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the use of a rigging, damping, actuation, and a two-angle tracking solar energy collection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 124235.doc -42 - 200831387 Figure 1A shows details of the inner section of the solar collector system of Figure 1. Figure 2 shows a single angle tracking solar collector system using rigging, damping, actuation and misalignment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2a shows an enlarged view of the system of Fig. 2. * Fig. 3 shows a simplified perspective view of a rigging and actuating two-angle tracking solar collector system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A shows a simplified schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of Figure 4a shows a three cable rigging assembly for a solar module according to the present invention, wherein the assembly is controlled only at the end point. Figure 4B shows A simplified schematic of the rigging assembly controlled at the end point and at the interior point. Additional internal control points can be used to maintain control over a greater distance. Figure 5A shows a simplified schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein the common axial movement of the control cables causes the module to translate axially. This embodiment will, for example, allow the operator to reduce the shading between the modules. Figure 5B shows a simplified schematic of an embodiment in which the control cable is The common motion perpendicular to its axis causes the module to translate accordingly. This embodiment will, for example, allow the operator to lower the module for maintenance. Figure 5C shows a solar module in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. A simplified schematic view of a two-rope rigging assembly. According to Figure 5 (in the embodiment, the cable 3 is moved axially relative to the cable 1 and the cable 2 to simultaneously rotate the solar module. Figure 5D shows another implementation in accordance with the present invention. For example, a simplified schematic diagram of the solar cable module 124235.doc-43·200831387, the sorcerer assembly is assembled. According to the embodiment of Fig. 5D, the cable and cable 4 are axially moved relative to the cable 1 and the cable 2 At the same time, the solar energy group is rotated. The use of several cables prevents the wind from generating a large torque on the solar module. Fig. 5E shows a simplified schematic diagram of another embodiment according to the invention. In the example of Fig. 5, the relative movement of the control cable perpendicular to its axis produces a rotational movement of the module about the cable axis. Figure 6 shows a diagram of the frame element that is not actuated by a circular pulley. Figure 7 shows the material benefit A diagram of a frame element actuated by a material efficient drive mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 8A through 8B show an embodiment of an embodiment of the present invention that can actuate the frame shown in Figure 7. A view of a single drum of an element. Figure 9 shows two counter-rotating drum mechanisms that can actuate the frame elements shown in Figure 7 in accordance with an assembly of embodiments of the present invention. Figure 10 shows a The components of the embodiment actuate two co-rotating drum mechanisms of the frame members shown in FIG. Figure 11 shows the tension used in the embodiment of the invention of Figures 1 and 1

Architecture. X Figure 12 shows a tension frame for transferring tension loads to other devices in the embodiment of the invention of Figures 1 and 1A+. Figures 13A-13B show two alternative three-dimensional tension frame assemblies in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 shows a compression frame assembly for supporting a tension structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 124235.doc -44- 200831387 Figure 145 shows a reduction in the provision of solar collector shading in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the use of a material-effective 趟 双 铖 致 的 的 压缩 压缩 压缩 一 一 一 一 一Figure 16D shows a view of a compression frame with increased out-of-plane stiffness for use in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 1a-ia. Figure 17 shows the details of the out-of-plane reinforcement. Figure 1 8 A to Figure 18B show the implementation of the end of the <

In the example, the tension chord is gathered in the -#, and in another stage its tensile load is transferred to the pivot and then transferred to the wrong tool in the third stage. Then in the third stage, gather to the seedlings. 20A-20D show an embodiment of a post and pin for an internal support within an array. 19A-19C show an embodiment of the trailing end of the array in accordance with the present invention, wherein the outer tension cable sets are brought together in one stage, and then the tension of the entire set of cables or cables is concentrated in another stage. And Figure 21 to Figure 21 are shown in the figure! A perspective view and detailed view of the ground anchor assembly of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 1A and 2. Figure 22 shows the details of the cable coupling plate, which is in the figure! And one of the components of the embodiments of the invention shown in the figures. Figures 23A-23B show details of the cable mount used by the embodiment of the invention of Figure 1. Figure 24 shows the layout of the solar modules with rigging and the plan of the 1 MW farm in a side-by-side array. 124235.doc -45- 200831387 [Main component symbol description] 100 rigging system 102 two-dimensional solar concentrator 104 rotation axis 106 second rotation axis 108 frame 110 tension frame 112 pivot compression frame 114 pivot compression frame 116 multi-element Cable 118 Liquid-to-air heat exchanger 120 Pillar 122 Anchor 124 Features of the compression frame 126 Cable 128 Reel winch 130 Element 132 Position 200 One-dimensional tracking solar collector 202 Tension cable 204 Compression frame 206 Compression strut 208 Solar collector 210 Vibration Damper 124235.doc -46- 200831387 Γ 212 Pull and feed 214 Drum 300 Two-dimensional tracking too 302 Axis 304 Minor axis 306 Motion 308 Control cable 310 Control cable 312 Pivot tie point 314 Compression element 316 Tension element 318 Element 320 Damper 600 Pulley system 602 Support frame 604 Pulley 606 Point 608 Cable 610 Cable 612 Small pulley 614 Arc 700 Example 702 Compression frame 704 Frame part / phase 124235.doc -47- 200831387 Γ

708 Cable 710 Cable 712 Drive Mechanism 714 Arc 716 Point 718 Contact Point 720 Pivot Point 1100 Tension Frame 1102 Main Cable 1104 Third, Cable 1106 Vertical Cable 1200 Tension Frame 1206 Component 1300 Frame 1302 Tension Frame 1304 Tension 1306 Torque 1308 Load 1310 Geometry 1312 Geometry 1350 Frame 1400 Frame 1402 Pivot Point 1404 Compression Arm -48- 124235.doc 200831387 1406 Element 1408 Element 1410 Element 1412 Element/Feature 1500 Frame ^ 1502 Pivot Point 1504 Element 1506 张力 Tension Frame Cable 1508 Element 1510 point 1514 element 1518 element 1520 cable 1522 shaft 1600 design 1602 tension element 1604 compression element 1700 internal compression frame design 1702 screw adjustment device / extension element '704 compression element 1706 element 1708 cable 1802 tension cable 1804 cable plate assembly 124235. Doc -49- 200831387

1806 Compression element 1808 Actuating member 1810 Frame 1902 Compression frame 1904 Cable 1906 Tight position 1908 Pivot 1910 Frame system 1912 Arm 1914 Ground element 1916 Ground element 1918 Compression element 1920 Element 1922 Element 1924 Element 2002 Pillar 2004 Ground surface 2006 Ground pin / Base 2008 Cable Configuration / Angle Ply / Frame 2010 Reinforcement / Cable 2012 Hollow Shaft 2013 Dot 2100 Ground 1 Seedling 2102 Tube - 50 - 124235.doc 200831387 2104 Spiral Features / Spiral Tube 2106 Features 2108 Features 2110 Collet 2112 ' 2114 Collet. 2116 Ankay 2118 Γ Nut/Pretensioner 2120 Features 2202 Cable 2204 Cable 2206 Cable 2302 Metal Plate 2304 Metal Plate 2306 Cable (2308 緵索2310 Area 2312 Position 2314 Fasteners - 2316 Cable 2322 Mechanical Buckle Item 124235.doc -51 -

Claims (1)

200831387 X. Patent application scope · A method of fastening a solar module to at least under tension—(4): at least one of the cables is connected to a damping element. , method of long term 1 'providing an axis of the array of modules by means of a cable-to-coaxial translation of the solar modules connected to the solar modules 3. C. a common translation, the movement of the cable axis, the array of solar modules being provided perpendicular to the cable shaft by applying the cables perpendicular to the cable. The cable is provided perpendicular to the cable. The method of item 1, wherein the group is rotated by applying a relative axial movement between at least his chord. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the rotation of the solar modules is provided by (4) cable application - perpendicular to the axial direction: relative motion. , L) ::::! 5, wherein the actuation is accomplished via a tensioning cable. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the connection, the electrical connection, and the fluid connection has a function selected from one or more of the functions of the mechanical connection, the connection, the network 8. The method of the requester, wherein The vibration of the tensioning cable is suppressed by the pipe of the body. 〃, has a rigid liquid 9. The method of π, i, wherein the pipe is filled with a flexible liquid to suppress the total filling of the two. The neck is moving. η·such as the request item Π), where 兮 ^ the assembly of the concentrator. The Hermetic Tension Frame comprises at least two tensioning cables connected by a transverse element 124235.doc 200831387. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the tension frame is configured to exhibit a first order restoring force to resist displacement along a line of tension of the one of the tensioning cables. 13. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the tension frame further comprises a third tensioning cable coupled to the transverse member between the first tensioning cable and the second tensioning cable. 14. The assembly of claim 13, wherein the tension frame is configured to exhibit a first order restoring force at a junction between the transverse element and the second tensioning cable to resist along a transverse element and The plane of the third tensioning cable defines a displacement in any direction. 15. The assembly of claim 14, further comprising: constructing a force according to a first tension of the request item η, the body frame being oriented in a plane different from the first tension frame. 16 - a ground anchor comprising: a tube having a first end configured to contact the ground, and an open end opposite the first end; a wedge shaped collet having an open portion, It is disposed within the tube and a narrow threaded end projects from the tube; and: a nut 'configured to engage the threaded end and rotatable to grip a female cable placed within the collet. a method for transferring a tension self-supporting truss structure to the ground, the method comprising: in a first stage, pulling a plurality of tension cables around a pivot at 124235.doc 200831387 together into a group; In the second phase, the ground will be. 4 矣 see the tension in the cable from the pivot to 18. As in the method of claim 17, and, the step contains a third stage, in 1 first pull a plurality of cables in a ', tt ^ ^ ^ ^I becomes the second group and then transfers the tension of the cable armor to the pivot. 1 9. According to the method of claim 17, 1 φ ^ ^ ^ ^ eight errors are formed by forming a cable bundle, etc. The cable is normally mechanically coupled to a common rigid, ^^ η raw part, or the cable is mechanically coupled to a loop to establish the group. 20. According to the method of claim 1 7 , 1 piece with 5 , The fines will be - or a plurality of cables or tension elements T to the ground or the base, or burial... the tension is transferred from the 5th pivot to the ground by the house or bending force. A method of rotating a frame, the method comprising: providing a first end and a second end and a contact point, the frame configured to rotate around a pivot point; ', providing a drive a mechanism connecting a first end of the first cable to the frame - and connecting the second end of one of the first cable to the drive ; 4 'connecting the second end of the second cable to the frame - and connecting the second end of one of the second cables to the drive mechanism; and" the drive mechanism is pulled at a first rate Pulling the first cable to pull the second cable at a rate such that the frame rotates and the = point engages the first cable or the second cable*, thereby imparting contact to the pivot of the frame . The method of claim 21, wherein the drive mechanism comprises a rotary drum. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first rate is imparted by a first radius of the drum in contact with the first cable, and the second rate is contacted by the drum with the second cable One of the second radii is assigned. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the drive mechanism comprises: a first rotary drum that is in contact with the first cable and configured to rotate at a first speed; and a second rotary drum, It is in contact with the second cable and is configured to rotate at a second speed. 124235.doc