200812421 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明，係有關於面狀發熱體，特別是，有關於在約 1 oot以下之低溫區域具備有自我溫度控制功能，而使電 力之消耗效率提升的面狀發熱體。 【先前技術】 • 若是在具備有特定之電阻値的電阻體中流動有電流， 則係產生焦耳熱而發熱。利用此種焦耳熱所致之發熱者的 其中之一，係爲薄片狀之面狀發熱體。此面狀發熱體，係 由於其特殊之形狀而並不佔空間，而被廣泛利用於各種之 用途，例如地板電暖器、融雪機又或是育苗用之過熱機等 〇 此面狀發熱體，係依其製造方法而被區分爲數種類。 其中之一，係爲在質地爲細緻之布狀的基材上，塗布具備 有 PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient)特性之感溫 材料或是導電性溶液，又或是含浸於其中。PTC特性，係 . 爲藉由將電阻元件通電，而使電阻元件發熱，並在溫度變 高的同時，其電阻値變高，電流減少，而可將溫度保持在 一定者。 此種類型之面狀發熱體，係在製造爲簡易的同時，亦 能容易地調整發熱體之電阻，因此係被廣泛利用。 作爲在此種布狀基材塗布具有PTC特性之感溫材料 或是導電性材料，又或是含浸於其中者的其中一種，係被 -5- (2) (2)200812421 提案有如專利文獻1所揭示的面狀發熱體之製造法。 專利文獻1之面狀發熱體，係爲將被包覆有金屬薄膜 之碳粉末與具有矽樹脂之有機溶劑相混合所成的混合物， 塗布於耐熱性絕緣性基體之表面，接下來，將此在250°C 〜45 0 °C之溫度作燒成所得者。 專利文獻1之面狀發熱體，係藉由如此這般的製造， 而在具備有不會產生火災或異常加熱之安全性的同時，亦 成爲能自由調節發熱體之電阻値。 〔專利文獻1〕日本特開平9- 1 90873號公報 【發明內容】 〔發明所欲解決之課題〕 然而，在前述之專利文獻1中所揭示的面狀發熱體， 係具有以下之問題點。 首先，最初之問題點，係在於由於其係僅爲單純地在 基材上塗布又或是使其含浸於導電性溶液中，因此該導電 性溶液之使用量係成爲適當量以上，而在成本面上產生缺 點之處。 下一個問題點，係爲當將此面狀發熱體使用於地板電 暖器等的情況時，由於係如前述一般在基材上塗布有過度 之導電性溶液，因此用以將面狀發熱體之表面溫度保持於 適溫（例如4 0 °C )之所需電力係變高，而從省電之立場 上來看會產生缺點。 再下一個問題點，係爲當將此面狀發熱體設置於塑膠 -6- (3) 200812421 溫室之天花板或壁面，而將該面狀發熱體所發出之遠紅外 線利用於植物栽培等的情況時，在先前之面狀發熱體中， 光線之透過係爲困難，而使得溫室內無法充分的照到曰光 ，因此反而對植物之生育造成阻礙的問題。 又，在使用有PTC特性之面狀發熱體的機器中，爲 了避免因局部發熱或是局部加熱所致的異常之產生，於先 前技術中，係作爲均熱板而貼附有鋁箔。 # 本發明，係爲有鑑於上述問題點而進行者，其目的， 係在於經由在編織爲網狀所成的網狀基材中塗布導電性溶 液又或是使其含浸，而提供一種：能實現消耗電力之減低 ，並具備足夠的光透過性，且能避免局部發熱係是局部加 熱之問題的面狀發熱體。 〔用以解決課題之手段〕 爲了達成此目的，係爲提供一種在將縱纖維素材與橫 ® 纖維素材以特定之間隔而作網狀編織所成的網狀基材中塗 布導電性溶液又或是使其含浸所構成的面狀發熱體，其特 . 徵爲：橫纖維素材，係連接於被設置在網狀基材之縱端的 , 導電體。 在第2發明中之面狀發熱體，係爲在將縱纖維素材與 橫纖維素材以特定之間隔而編織爲網狀所成的網狀基材中 將導電性溶液作塗布又或是使其含浸所構成的面狀發熱體 ，其特徵爲：前述橫纖維素材，係連接於被設置在前述網 狀基材之縱端的導電體，前述縱纖維素材，係由導電體素 200812421 (4) 材所成。 例如，該纖維素材之特徵，係爲以 5mm〜100mm之 間隔而編織爲網狀所形成。 又，該導電性溶液，其特徵係爲在作爲導電材料之石 墨又或是碳黑中，複合有橋聯型高分子與線狀高分子化合 物與鹼性系之直鍊碳氫化合物。 又，該導電性溶液，其特徵係爲在作爲導電材料之石 • 墨又或是碳黑中，使以橋聯型高分子、線狀高分子作爲主 體之低維物質以及無機化合物作複合所成。 〔發明之效果〕 若藉由第1發明，則係爲一種在將縱纖維素材與橫纖 維素材以特定之間隔而作網狀編織所成的網狀基材中塗布 導電性溶液又或是使其含浸所構成的面狀發熱體，其特徵 爲：橫纖維素材，係連接於被設置在網狀基材之縱端的導 ® 電體。藉由此，由於能減低構成網狀基材之縱纖維素材與 橫纖維素材的量，以及塗布於其又或是使其含浸之導電性 溶液的量，因此成爲能實現低價之製造成本以及消耗電力 之降低。 若藉由第2發明，則由於係爲在將縱纖維素材與橫纖 維素材以特定之間隔而編織爲網狀所成的網狀基材中將導 電性溶液作塗布又或是使其含浸所構成的面狀發熱體’且 橫纖維素材，係連接於被設置在網狀基材之縱端的導電體 ，縱纖維素材，係由導電體素材所成，因此能夠避免在被 -8- (5) 200812421 塗布又或是被含浸於導電性溶液之橫纖維素材之一部分流 動有大的電流。藉由此，成爲能避免面狀發熱體之局部發 熱或是局部加熱之問題。 【實施方式】 〔第1實施形態〕 在本實施形態中之面狀發熱體1 0 〇，係爲在將縱纖維 素材與橫纖維素材編織爲網狀所成的網狀基材中將導電性 溶液作塗布又或是使其含浸所構成的面狀發熱體，並藉由 將此網狀之纖維素材的間隔，相較於先前之布構造的面狀 發熱體而設爲較廣之値，來實現發熱時之消耗電力的減輕 ，以及光透過性之提升者。以下，針對此面狀發熱體100 ，使用圖面來詳細作說明。 圖1，係爲展示本發明之第1實施形態的面狀發熱體 1 0 0之外觀的圖。 如圖1所示，構成面狀發熱體100之網狀基材110, 係在將橫纖維素材1 1 1以及縱纖維素材1 1 2編織成網狀而 構成爲平面的網狀基材110之兩端，設置有導電體116。 通常，作爲導電體116，係將複數之導電體平行地形成， 來確保電流容量。 圖2，係爲將本發明之第1實施形態中的網狀基材 1 1 〇作擴大之圖，而展示網狀基材1 1 0係藉由橫纖維素材 1 1 1與縱纖維素材1 1 2而編織爲網狀的模樣。橫纖維素材 1 1 1與縱纖維素材1 1 2，係可分別爲單芯之纖維，而亦可 -9 - 200812421 (6) 爲由撚紗所構成之纖維。橫纖維素材1 1 1與縱纖維素材 1 1 2之粗細，舉例而言，係可使用# 4 0 ( 4 0股數）雙絲左 右的纖維素材。當然，該纖維之粗細’係可因應於需要而 作選擇。又，作爲材質，係使用有棉或麻或塑膠纖維、氧 化矽、玻璃纖維等。在縱纖維素材112之間以及橫纖維素 材 1 1 1之間，係被空出有5mm〜100mm左右的間隔。先 前之面狀發熱體1 〇〇由於係爲由布所構成，因此係多爲此 • 些之間隔爲極小者。另外，在此所謂的間隔，係如圖2以 及圖3 ( A )所示一般，爲從絲之中心起至絲之中心爲止 的垂直距離。 圖3，係爲展示在本發明之第1實施形態中的網狀基 材塗布導電性溶液時的擴大圖。圖3 ( A )，係爲在網狀 基材塗布導電性溶液時之擴大圖，圖（B)，係爲在橫纖 維素材1 1 1塗布導電性溶液時之橫發熱體1 2 1的擴大圖。 圖（C )，係爲在縱纖維素材1 1 2塗布導電性溶液時之縱 ® 發熱體1 22的擴大圖。如此這般，若是在橫纖維素材1 1 1 以及縱纖維素材1 1 2塗布導電性溶液並使其乾燥，則係形 、 成在周圍被塗布有發熱體之橫發熱體121以及縱發熱體 - 122。若是對被連接於導電體1 16之電極端子130供給交 流又或是直流之電源，則在橫發熱體1 2 1係流動有電流， 而使橫發熱體121之溫度上升。在縱發熱體122中雖係亦 流動有電流，但是如後述一般，實際上係爲可以忽略的大 小。 圖4，係爲展示本發明之第1實施形態中的面狀發熱 -10- (7) (7)200812421 體之外觀的圖。圖4之面狀發熱體100，係爲在圖1所示 之網狀基材110塗布有導電性溶液又或是使其含浸者，作 爲圖面，係僅爲將橫纖維素材111以及縱纖維素材112, 變更爲橫發熱體121以及縱發熱體122，其他係爲與圖1 相同。 在此面狀發熱體100中，相互鄰接之橫發熱體121以 及縱發熱體1 22之縱方向以及橫方向之間隔，由於係以成 爲5mm〜100mm的方式而被構成，因此當橫發熱體121 以及縱發熱體122發熱時，係能防止在先前技術中所會產 生的：由於橫發熱體1 2 1以及縱發熱體1 22之間的間隔過 於狹窄，而會過度地放熱，又或是由於橫發熱體1 2 1以及 縱發熱體1 22之間的間隔過於寬廣，而使得無法得到所期 待之熱量的問題點，進而，亦可容易地防止因導電性溶液 之過度的塗布所產生的電力之浪費。 Η 5’係爲展不本發明之第1實施形態的發熱部 之寺價電路圖。在圖5中，121-1、121-2、…（以下，作 爲總稱而亦稱爲1 2 1 )，係展示伸張於橫方向之橫發熱體 ，122-1、122-2、…（以下，作爲總稱而亦稱爲122 )， 係展示伸張於縱方向之縱發熱體， 在被伸張於橫方向之各橫發熱體i 2〗_ i中，身爲縱纖 維素材與橫纖維素材之交點的節點，與相鄰接之節點間， 係可以電阻成分Rll、R12來表現之。同樣的，在被伸張 於橫方向之各橫發熱體121-2、；121-3中亦爲相同。另— 方面’在被伸張於縱方向之各縱發熱體122-1中，身爲縱 (8) 200812421 纖維素材與橫纖維素材之交點的節點，與相鄰接之節點間 ，係可以電阻成分R 1 1 1、R2 1 2來表現之。同樣的，在被 伸張於縱方向之各縱發熱體122-2、122-3中亦爲相同。 在橫發熱體121-1、121-2、…之兩端，由於係從電極 端子1 3 0而被施加有電壓，因此電流係經由各電阻成分而 流動，而此電阻成分係發熱。另一方面，在本發明之第1 實施形態的發熱部1 20中，在被伸張於縱方向之縱發熱體 鲁 122-1、122-2、…中，理論上係亦流動有電流，但是，若 是對各節點適用克希何夫定律，則在縱方向之電阻係經由 從相鄰接之橫發熱體1 2 1而來之電流而相互被抵消，現實 上在縱發熱體122-1、122-2、…中所流動的電流係爲非常 小而可忽略。 故而，在本發明之第1實施形態中，係只要考慮橫發 熱體1 2 1所致之發熱即可。例如，橫發熱體1 2 1 -2…之各 電阻成分，係分別成爲藉由縱發熱體122 _1、122-2、…上 ^ 之節點所分割的電阻成分R21、R22、〜R2n。此時，PTC 特性，由於係藉由2個的導電體116間之電阻R2 1、R22 、R23、R2n等之全體而被實現，因此若是產生有各發熱 _ 體層之不均勻，則會產生局部的發熱。 例如，假設電阻成分R22之發熱係變大。在PTC特 性中，如圖1 1所示，若是發熱體之溫度上升，則其電阻 値係會變大，但是在此情況中，PTC特性，係如上述所示 ，並不是對各個的電阻成分，而是對電阻成分R2 1、R22 、〜R2 η之全體的電阻起作用。故而，當電阻成分R2 2之 -12- 200812421 (9) 發熱量變大時，其電阻成分R22之電阻値雖係變 PTC特性係不會僅作用於電阻成分R22。因此， 會僅使在電阻成分R22所流動之電流減少，故而 R22之溫度係成爲更高溫。 針對所有之電阻成分Rl 1〜Rmn，同樣的， 1 1 6之間，由於PTC特性係作用，因此溫度上升 體之溫度係變的越來越高。因此，成爲在局部之 如以上所說明一般，若是藉由第1實施形態 係有局部發熱或是局部加熱之虞，因此係藉由貼 制局部發熱或是局部加熱之鋁箔來進行熱之分散 局部發熱之問題。 接下來，針對被塗布於網狀基材1 1 〇之導電 說明。導電性溶液，係爲在將導電性石墨又或是 橋聯型高分子與線狀高分子化合物而結合之發熱 ® 中，更進而複合有烷等之低分子量有機化合物者 此這般地構成，不僅是能對導電性溶液之導電電 . 作控制，亦成爲可使電阻之安定性顯著的提升。 發熱體121、122，係可藉由：將在導電性 是碳黑中配合有橋聯型高分子之單體（monomer 低維物質之線狀高分子化合物的微粉末又或是液 及低分子量有機化合物，並在有機溶媒中使其調 成的導電性溶液，塗布於例如身爲棉# 40雙絲 的網狀基材1 1 0又或是使其含浸，並將其乾燥， 大，但是 由於係不 電阻成分 在導電體 後的發熱 溫度上升 ，則由於 附用以抑 ，而解決 性溶液作 碳黑經由 電阻物質 。藉由如 阻自由的 石墨又或 )與身爲 狀單體以 合以及熟 之棉織布 而製造之 13- (10) (10)200812421 另外’此網狀基材1 1 ο，係並不限定於棉織布，亦不 論是有機、無機質均可’又’亦可爲板狀、薄膜狀、棉狀 、織布、不織布，另外，不論是緻密質、多孔質等均可， 對其形質係不作限制。只要是不會損及其自我溫度控制性 與導電特性者即可。 在本實施形態中，作爲石墨又或是碳黑，係可列舉有 天然又或是人造石墨、乙炔黑等，但是亦可更進而加入爐 黑（furnace black )等’並係以使用粒徑爲1从以下，特 別是使用〇 · 1 //以下者爲理想。 作爲橋聯型高分子，係可使用形成3維網狀構造之熱 硬化樹脂，例如環氧樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、聚氨酯樹脂、 矽樹脂等與其變性樹脂，但是在配合中，係以使用此些之 單體爲合適。 作爲線狀高分子化合物，係可列舉有：聚乙烯、乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯等之烯 烴系共聚物，離聚物樹脂等。而較理想係爲具備有結晶性 之微粉末聚乙烯。 又，作爲低分子量有機化合物的代表例’係可列舉有 碳數爲20以上之烷系的直鍊碳化氫又或是其脂肪酸。 作爲有機溶媒或是反應誘導劑’係可列舉出：苯、甲 苯、二甲苯等之芳香族碳化氫，η-丁醇、η-丙醇等之醇類 ，乙二醇、丙二醇、1 -4 丁二醇等之脂肪族二元醇，環戊 烷-1，2-二醇等之脂環族二醇，苯二酚等之酚類，甲基乙基 -14- (11) 200812421 酮等之酮類或是四氫呋喃等。 當製造本發明之具備有自我溫度控制特性的面狀發熱 體之電阻發熱元件時，前述之關連物質的配合，相對於由 石墨等之導電材料與橋聯型高分子所成的導電性高維物質 100部，係以將石墨等之導電材料設爲10〜60部，而橋 聯型高分子設爲40〜90部之範圍爲適當。 若是橋聯型高分子超過90部，則導電性係變差。又 ® ，若是少於40部，亦即是就算石墨等之導電材料超過60 部，其增量效果亦爲少，而，石墨又或是碳黑之配合，雖 係依存於量，而使得在室溫下之基本導電率分別爲相異， 但是，對於特定溫度檢測以及自我溫度控制特性，係可一 律性地做決定。又，由於橋聯型高分子若是和碳黑嫁接化 (graft )，則會成爲導電性物質之母體（matrix )，因此 基本導電率係分別爲不同，但是亦可一律性地做決定。 棉狀（鎖狀）高分子化合物，係爲了達到導電性之安 ^ 定化，而相對於與上述橋聯型高分子之配合量與石墨等之 導電材料的配合量合算後之量1 00部，以5〜1 00部的範 . 圍來添加即可。若是超過100部，則導電性係極端降低， ^ 而超出實用範圍。 將低分子量有機化合物，例如上述之碳化氫設爲3〜 3 0部之範圍。若是超過3 0部，則製品之韌性係降低，而 若是在3部以下，則特性之效果係爲匱乏。 有機溶媒，最少係需要25部以上，但是，作爲溶媒 ，可因應於稀釋之必要而任意地做增量。 -15- (12) 200812421 在本實施形態中之發熱體1 2 1、1 22，係在與前述配 合成分依序混合的程度下，首先在將橋聯型高分子單體與 石墨等之導電材料嫁接（graft )前，先與線狀高分子混合 同化，並隨著經由熱處理來使橋聯型高分子之聚合進行， 來相互地交合並被固定。經由此，能得到取得有耐熱變形 性與可撓性間之平衡的發熱體，並能涵蓋長時間而維持安 定的發熱特性。 • 另一方面，院系之碳化氫等的低分子量有機化合物， 係被考量爲在熱處理時侵入導電材料的石墨層間並形成層 間化合物者，而在使導電材料之電性阻抗特性改變的同時 ，亦有助於發熱體之自我溫度控制特性的體現。 具備有此種構成之本發明的面狀發熱體，係就算是在 遠高過於較低分子量有機化合物之融點的溫度下使用，亦 不會產生發熱特性之劣化。 如以上所說明一般，若是藉由本實施形態中之面狀發 ® 熱體1 〇 〇，則由於係在將纖維素材間之間隔調整爲5 mm〜 1 0mm的網狀基材1 1 0上塗布導電性溶液又或是使其含浸 、 ，而形成發熱體，因此導電性溶液不會被過度的塗布，而 . 能削減其使用量，並成爲能得到在地板暖氣等之各用途中 所需要的溫度特性。 又，在本實施形態中之面狀發熱體100，相較於先前 之面狀發熱體，在網狀基材1 1 0中之纖維素材的密度係爲 低，伴隨於此，纖維素材彼此間之交會處亦爲少，因此， 相較於先即之面狀發熱體’能將在該纖維素材中之發熱體 -16- 200812421 (13) 更爲均勻地構成，故成爲能減輕面狀發熱體之溫度不均。 又，藉由將在網狀基材11 〇中之纖維素材間的間隔調 整爲5mm〜10mm，由於能十足地確保光的透過性，因此 當設置在如塑膠屋又或是溫室等的天花板或牆壁時，在曰 間係可藉由太陽光線，在夜間則係可藉由從面狀發熱體 1 〇〇所發射之遠紅外線照射，而成爲能得到保溫效果。 又，當將先前之紅外線加熱器等作爲在大樓或大廳等 # 之廣闊場所的電暖器而使用時，由於設置場所係爲點狀， 因此會有局部的較熱處與較冷處之差異變大的缺點。 相對於此，藉由將在本實施形態中之面狀發熱體1 0 0 涵蓋廣範圍而鋪設在此種廣闊場所，則能藉由遠紅外線效 果而將該場所全體穩定的加熱，且成爲能削減其消耗電力 〇 又，若藉由本實施形態，則就算是反覆使用，其電阻 値之經時變化亦爲極少，並具有安定之溫度-導電特性， ^ 且不會有局部過熱之虞，而能提供作爲分子程度之感測器 具備有各種之階段的自我溫度感測以及控制功能的面狀發 熱體100。 又，此面狀發熱體100之發熱體，係就算在昇溫時亦 爲柔軟而富有彈性，且亦具備作爲具有適度之剛性的彈性 體之性質’因此能加工成各種之形態，製造方法亦爲容易 ，且能以低成本來製造，，而能期待其之廣泛的用途。 又，在本實施形態之面狀發熱體1 〇〇中的網狀基材 110，由於係以5〜100mm之間隔來將纖維素材織入而形 -17- (14) 200812421 成，因此相較於先前之間隔密的布狀基材’成爲能大幅削 減所使用之纖維素材的量。 本實施形態中之面狀發熱體1 00 ’係可利用在各種的 領域中。 例如，可利用其作爲使用在地板電暖器、電熱毯、塌 塌米電暖器、車載用薄片加熱器等之面狀取暖器具’或是 利用其作爲在如電熱靠肘器、電毛毯、足部保暖器、地板 • 電暖器、牆壁電暖器、天花板電暖器、塌塌米電暖器、電 棉被、電座墊、浴室用電暖器踏墊、電暖器夾克、電暖器 手套、附有布套之電暖器馬桶座、熱水瓶或電鍋等中所使 用的保溫器等。 又，此面狀發熱體1 00，係可在寒冷地帶，藉由設置 於路面之下層，而使用於道路之融雪，或是藉由設置在屋 頂，而能防止積雪。 又，面狀發熱體1 00，係可藉由鋪設在耕作地而作爲 ® 育苗用又或是栽培用之溫熱片來利用，或是藉由貼合在塑 膠溫室之牆壁或天花板等而提升溫室內之溫熱效果等，來 „ 有效地利用於農業或園藝的技術領域。 _ 又，亦可使用於畜產用之暖氣。 另外，若是藉由本實施形態，則雖係將網狀基材1 1 0 之網眼的形狀構成爲如圖1、2所示之正方形，但是此係 僅爲其中一例，不用說，亦可以菱形、長方形、其他之多 角形、圓形等之各種形狀來實現之。 又，如前述所示，雖係爲以使纖維素材之網眼間隔成 •18- (15) (15)200812421 爲5〜1 0 0 m m之方式而構成者，但是此間隔係可因應於使 用目的而適當決定。 例如，當在寒冷環境之要求有局部的強力加溫、保溫 效果時，由於相較於消耗電力之降低，係以確保一定以上 之放熱量爲優先，因此係將該間隔設爲5mm左右來構成 〇 又，若是在僅要確保穩定地保溫、暖氣效果，而以省 電作爲第一目的的情況時，則係可將該網眼間隔構成爲 1 0〜1 00mm左右。 又，前述之導電性溶液的組成，例如係可設爲如以下 之組成例1〜4 一般。另外，「部」係指重量部。 (組成例1 ) 碳黑（平均粒徑0·1 //以下） 45部 酸醇三聚氰胺樹脂（alkyd melamine resin )單體 55部 η-石蠟（平均粒徑5 /z以下之微粉末） 25部 高分子量聚乙烯（平均粒徑1 5 //以下之粉末） 25部 甲苯 45部 ΜΕΚ 25 部 η-丁醇 30部 (組成例2) 碳黑（平均粒徑0.1/ζ以下） 30部 丙烯-環氧樹脂單體 7 0部 -19- (16) 200812421 離聚物樹脂樹脂 3 5部 η-石蠘（平均粒徑5/z以下之粉末）15部 二甲苯 35部 ΜΕΚ 15 部 η-丁醇 15部 二丙酮醇 25部 (組成例3) 石墨以及碳黑 45部 酸醇三聚氰胺樹脂（alkyd melamine resin)單 氧化紀 1 0部 石蠟（平均粒徑5 //以下之微粉末） ι5部 高分子量聚乙燒（平均粒徑15//以下之粉末） 液狀丁二烯 1 0部 甲苯 45部 ΜΕΚ 25 部 η-丁醇 30部 二甲苯 5 0部 (組成例4) 石墨以及碳黑 60部 酸醇三聚氰胺樹脂（alkyd melamine resin)單 η-石鱲（平均粒徑5 μ以下之微粉末） 30部 高分子量聚乙烯（平均粒徑15#以下之粉末） 55部 10部 40部 10部 -20 - (17) 200812421 液狀丁二烯 20部 溴化鉀 1 0部 甲苯 4 5部 MEK 25 部 η-丁醇 30部 二甲苯 40部 環己酮 1 〇部 • 〔第2實施形態〕 接下來，針對本發明之第2實施形態的面狀發熱體 1 0 0作說明。在第2實施形態中之面狀發熱體1 〇 〇，與在 第1實施形態中之面狀發熱體i〇〇，其構成發熱體121、 1 2 2之導電性溶液的成分係爲相異。 在第2實施形態中之導電性溶液，係在導電性石墨又 或是碳黑中，配合有橋聯型高分子之單體與身爲低維物質 ^ 之線狀高分子化合物的微粉末又或是液狀聚合物以及低分 子量有機化合物，並進而配合無機化合物，而在有機溶媒 . 中使其混合以及聚合的液體。藉由將此導電性溶液塗布於 . 例如棉# 40雙絲之棉織布的網狀基材1 1 〇又或是使其含 浸，並使其反應乾燥，而可製造發熱體121 ' 122。 亦即是，在第2實施形態中之導電性溶液，係爲在第 1實施形態之導電性溶液中，更進而配合有無機化合物者 〇 以下，若是未特別記載，則在第2實施形態之面狀發 •21 - (18) (18)200812421 熱體1 0 0中，例如，藉由將纖維素材間之間隔調整爲 5mm 〜100mm 所致的消耗電力之減輕效果以及光透過性的 提升，係爲和在第1實施形態中之面狀發熱體1 00相同而 可得之。 以下，針對在第2實施形態中的導電性溶液之特性作 詳細說明。 在第2實施形態之導電性溶液中的石墨又或是碳黑， 係具有2維之典型的六員環網狀平面狀之堅固的共有結合 構造者，在平面層間之結合力係較和緩，而有會產生滑動 (slip )的事態。又，石墨又或是碳黑，雖係具備相當之 吸著力而會作面間膨脹、收縮，以及在2維平面中作爲所 謂之共轭系共有結合而顯示有絕緣性，但是在層面間，作 爲構造面之特性，係藉由所謂7Γ電子雲之存在，而顯示有 與金屬相同之導電性。 在第2實施形態中之導電性溶液，係考慮此種之石墨 又或是碳黑的構造上之特性，而在此石墨又或是碳黑之層 間使吸著特性強之衍生物吸著並擴大層間距離，同時在其 上下之無機層間使結晶性低分子量有機化合物浸入，將所 吸著之衍生物的一部份又或是全量作置換，又或是使其直 接吸著於無機層並橋聯化，並藉由改變該橋聯分子之長度 ，而能自由地控制層間的導電電阻，進而，藉由使此些與 無機化合物，例如氧化釔作複合，而能大幅的提升自我溫 度控制特性，且能成爲更安定化者。 作爲加入於前述導電性溶液之無機化合物，係可列舉 -22- (19) 200812421 有：氯化鈉、溴化鈉、氯化鉀、溴化鉀等之鹼金屬的鹵化 物，硫酸鈉、硫酸鉀等之鹼金屬的硫酸鹽，碳酸鋇等之鹼 土類金屬的碳酸鹽，氯化鐵、氯化鋅、四氯化鈦、四氯化 錫等之金屬的鹵化物，氧化鉻、氧化鈦、氧化鉻等之過渡 金屬的氧化物，硝酸等之含氧酸，氯化銻等之路易斯酸。 對此無機化合物之配合量，係並未特別限定，而係在 能將感溫元件之前述正特性安定化、強化的範圍內作添加 ® ，但是相對於橋聯型高分子與石墨1 00部，通常係以1〜 20部的範圍爲理想。例如，若是氧化釔超過20部，則製 品之韌性係極端地降低，而若是在1部以下，則特性之效 果係爲匱乏。 又，在本實施形態之面狀發熱體1 00中的上述關連物 質的配合，相對於由石墨等之導電材料與橋聯型高分子所 成的導電性高維物質1 00部，係以將石墨設爲1 0〜6 0部 ，而橋聯型局分子設爲30〜90部之範圍爲適當。 1 若是橋聯型高分子超過9 0部，則導電性係變差。又 ，若是少於3 0部，亦即是就算石墨超過7 0部，其增量效 . 果亦爲少，而，石墨又或是碳黑之配合，雖係依存於量， . 而使得在室溫下之基本導電率分別爲相異，但是，對於特 定溫度檢測以及自我溫度控制特性，係可一律性地做決定 。又，由於橋聯型高分子若是和碳黑嫁接化（graft )，則 會成爲導電性物質之母體（matrix )，因此基本導電率係 分別爲不同，但是亦可一律性地做決定。 如以上所說明一般，在第2實施形態中之導電性溶液 -23- (20) 200812421 ，在將前述配合成分依序作混合的過程中，首先橋聯型高 分子單體係被嫁接（graft)化於石墨中，再藉由於該單體 中使線狀高分子化合物相混合而被形成。而，此聚合物係 在熱處理過程中與橋聯型高分子之重合反應的同時，被扭 合並被調合。此事，係可從元件製品之均質性而判斷出來 。又，爲了對元件製品附加可撓性，以及爲了特性之安定 化，關連於橋聯型高分子之三維化以及重合度，係扮演有 ® 極重要的角色。 如此這般，線狀高分子化合物，係對總是容易變爲較 硬的三維網狀化合物附加柔軟性與熵剛性，並在低溫下附 加可撓性，而在高溫下則相反的防止其變軟，並附加緊束 力而使全系統安定化。 低分子有機化合物以及無機化合物，係可視爲直接又 或是經由與反應誘導劑之共同作用而進入石墨層間，又或 是將此擴大而強力的吸著於石墨層並形成層間化合物者。 ^ 此係可從：在本實施形態中之面狀發熱體係可耐反覆 之高溫加熱（遠高於低分子量有機化合物之融點的溫度， - 例如相對於融點65°C之配合物，係直到130°C )且特性亦 幾乎不會變化的實驗結果中，得到佐證。 又，無機化合物，由於會對感溫元件之電阻率値造成 大的影響，因此藉由該添加之有無，成爲能容易地改變感 溫元件之昇溫特性。無機化合物，係依其種類，而亦有在 初期之某溫度範圍內顯示爲負之特性者，但是，在該之上 的溫度，係任一均爲顯示正特性。 -24- (21) (21)200812421 如以上所說明一般，若藉由本實施形態，則就算是反 覆使用，其電阻値之經時變化亦爲極少，並具有安定之溫 度-導電特性，且不會有局部過熱之虞，而能提供作爲分 子程度之感測器具備有各種之階段的自我溫度感測以及控 制功能的面狀發熱體100。 又，此面狀發熱體100之發熱體121、122，係就算 在昇溫時亦爲柔軟而富有彈性，且亦具備作爲具有適度之 剛性的可撓性彈性體之性質，因此能加工成各種之形態， 製造方法亦爲容易，且能以低成本來製造，，而能期待其 之廣泛的用途。 〔第3實施形態〕 接下來，針對本發明之第3實施形態作說明。圖6〜 圖1 〇，係爲關於本發明之第3實施形態的面狀發熱體者 。本發明之第3實施形態，其網狀基材1 1 0之構造係爲和 第1實施形態相異。 亦即是，在本發明的第1實施形態中，如圖1、圖2 所示，網狀基材110，係以使橫纖維素材111以及縱纖維 素材1 1 2縱橫地垂直交會的方式，而編織成網眼格子狀並 形成者。相對於此，在此第3實施形態中之網狀基材1 1 0 ，係如圖6、圖7所示，在橫方向使用纖維素材111，而 在縱方向使用導電體素材1 1 5。在圖6、圖7中之網狀基 材1 1 0，除了在縱方向係使用導電體素材1 1 5以外，係爲 和圖2之網狀基材1 1 0相同，故省略其詳細說明。如此這 -25- (22) (22)200812421 般，由於在縱方向係使用導電體素材1 1 5，因此能迴避局 部發熱。針對此事，於以下說明之。 圖8，係爲展示在本發明之第3實施形態中的網狀基 材塗布導電性溶液時的擴大圖。圖8(A)，係爲在網狀 基材塗布導電性溶液時之擴大圖，圖8 ( B ) ( C )，分別 係爲在縱纖維素材1 1 2與導電性素材1 1 5塗布導電性溶液 時之橫發熱體121以及縱發熱體125的擴大圖。如此這般 ，若是在縱纖維素材112以及導電體素材115塗布導電性 溶液並使其乾燥，則在縱纖維素材1 1 2與導電性素材1 1 5 之周圍，係被製造有被塗布有發熱體之橫發熱體121以及 縱發熱體1 22。若是對被連接於導電體1 1 6之電極端子 1 3 0供給交流又或是直流之電源，則在橫發熱體1 2 1以及 縱發熱體1 22係流動有電流，而使橫發熱體1 2 1以及縱發 熱體122之溫度上升。在圖8中之發熱部120，除了在縱 方向係使用導電體素材1 1 5以外，係爲和圖3之發熱部 120相同，故省略其詳細說明。 圖9，係爲展示本發明之第3實施形態中的面狀發熱 體之外觀的圖。圖9之面狀發熱體1〇〇，係爲和圖4所示 之面狀發熱體1〇〇相同，於圖4中，縱發熱體122雖然係 爲在縱纖維素材1 1 2塗布有導電性溶液又或是使其含浸者 ，但是在圖9中之縱發熱體125，係僅在係爲在導電體素 材1 1 5塗布有導電性溶液又或是使其含浸者一點上係爲相 異’其他則係爲和圖4相同，故省略其說明。 圖1 〇，係爲展示本發明之第3實施形態的發熱部1 20 -26- (23) (23)200812421 之等價電路圖。在圖1〇中，121-1、121-2、…（以下， 作爲總稱而亦稱爲_ 1 2 1 )，係展示伸張於橫方向之橫發熱 體，125-1、125-2、…（以下，作爲總稱而亦稱爲_125 ) ，係展示伸張於縱方向之縱發熱體， 在被伸張於橫方向之各橫發熱體121-1、121-2、…中 ，身爲縱纖維素材與橫纖維素材之交點的節點間，係可以 電阻成分R11、R12、…來表現之。在橫發熱體121-1、 1 2 1 - 2、…之兩端，由於係從電極端子_ 1 3 0而被施加有電 壓，因此電流係經由各電阻而流動，而此電阻係發熱。在 本發明之第3實施形態的發熱部1 20中，伸張於縱方向之 縱發熱體125-1、125-2、…，由於其內部係爲以導電體素 材1 15所構成，因此各縱發熱體125-1、125-2、…係形成 等電位面。 在本發明之第3實施形態中，由於在縱方向係使用有 導電體素材115、…，因此橫發熱體121-1、121-2、…之 各電阻成分，係分別成爲藉由縱發熱體125-1、125-2、… 上之節點所分割的電阻成分R11〜Rmn。在發熱部120中 ，係以各電阻成分R1 1〜Rmη作爲單位而產生發熱。此時 ，PTC特性，舉例而言，由於係藉由2個的縱發熱體125-1與縱發熱體125-2間之電阻R12、R22、R32、R42、… 等而被實現，因此就算是產生有各發熱體層之不均勻，亦 不會產生局部的發熱。 亦即是，伸張於縱方向之縱發熱體125-1、125-2、… 由於其內部係爲以導電體素材1 1 5所構成，因此係分別在 -27- (24) 200812421 任一節點均成爲同電位，而在同一列之電阻成 加有相同的電壓。例如，並列於同一列之電阻 、R32、…，係在縱發熱體125-1與縱發熱體 被連接，若是將縱發熱體125-1的電位設爲’ 發熱體1 2 5 -2的電位設爲V2，則在所有的電Pi 、R32、…係被施加有電壓差（VI — V2 )。 於此，例如，假設電阻成分R22之發熱 ® PTC特性中，如圖1 1所示，若是發熱體之溫 其電阻値係會變大，因此，若是電阻成分R22 大，則該電阻成分R22係變大，流動於電阻拭 電流係減少。藉由此，電阻成分R22之溫度， 特定的溫度。 針對所有之電阻成分R11〜Rmn，同樣的 縱發熱體之間，由於PTC特性係作用，因此 特定之溫度。故而。變爲不會產生像是溫度集 1 2局部的發熱。 如以上所說明一般，若是藉由第3實施形 在縱方向係使用有縱發熱體1 2 5，因此成爲不 . 熱或是局部加熱的問題。因此，用以抑制局部 部加熱的鋁箔係成爲不必要，並成爲可對兩方 亦成爲可將面狀發熱體100設爲透明。 〔比較例〕 接下來，針對在本發明之其中之一的實施 分，係被施 R12 、 R22 1 2 5 - 2之間 VI，而將縱 i R12、R22 係變大。在 度上升，則 之發熱量變 匕分R22之 係被抑制於 ，在2個的 係被抑制在 中升高一般 態，則由於 會有局部發 發熱或是局 向輻射，且 例中之面狀 -28- (25) 200812421 發熱體1 〇〇 ’與先前之面狀發熱體（比較例1、比較例2 )間之消耗電力量作比較。 於以下展示在本發明之一實施例中的導電性溶液之組 成。 碳黑（平均粒徑0.1 //以下） 45部 酸醇三聚氰胺樹脂（alkyd melamine resin)單體 55部 η-石鱲（平均粒徑5 //以下之微粉末） 25部 ® 高分子量聚乙烯（平均粒徑15//以下之粉末） 25部 甲苯 45部 ΜΕΚ 25 部 η-丁醇 30部 在本實施例中之面狀發熱體100，係可藉由：將在導 電性石墨又或是碳黑中配合有橋聯型高分子之單體（ monomer )與身爲低維物質之線狀高分子化合物的微粉末 又或是液狀單體以及低分子量有機化合物，並在有機溶媒 ^ 中使其調合以及熟成的導電性溶液，塗布於纖維素材間隔 係爲縱橫各10mm的網狀基材110又或是使其含浸，並使 - 其反應、乾燥，而製造之。 . 又，身爲先前之面狀發熱體的比較例1、比較例2之 面狀發熱體，雖係藉由與本實施例相同之工程而作成，但 是其纖維素材之間隔，係分別爲1mm、2mm，而和本實施 例相異。 以下，在表1中，針對用以將面狀發熱體之表面維持 在40°C的於面狀發熱體每1m2之消耗電力量（瓦特）， -29- (26) 200812421 展示本實施例與比較例1、2之値，並作比較。 〔表1〕 纖維素材之間隔（mm) 消耗電力（w/m2) 比較例1 1 240 比較例2 2 190 本發明 10 140 • 如表1所示，爲了將面狀發熱體之表面維持在40°c ，於比較例 1、2中，係分別需要240W/m2、1 90W/m2的 消耗電力量。 相對於此，在本實施例中，係爲140W/m2，相較於比 較例1、2，確認了其係可有效果地減輕消耗電力量。 另外，上述之實施例係爲本發明之合適的實施之其中 一例，本發明之實施例，係並非爲被限定於此者，在不脫 離本發明之要旨的範圍內，可作各種之變形而實施之。 【圖式簡單說明】 〔圖1〕展示本發明之第1實施形態中的面狀發熱體 之外觀的圖。 〔圖2〕將本發明之第1實施形態中的網狀基材作擴 大之圖。 〔圖3〕展示在本發明之第1實施形態中的網狀基材 塗布有導電性溶液時的擴大圖。 〔圖4〕展示本發明之第1實施形態中的面狀發熱體 -30- (27) (27)200812421 之外觀的圖。 〔圖5〕在本發明之第1實施形態中的發熱部之電性 的等價圖。 〔圖6〕展示本發明之第3實施形態中的面狀發熱體 之外觀的圖。 〔圖7〕將本發明之第3實施形態中的網狀基材作擴 大之圖。 〔圖8〕展示在本發明之第3實施形態中的網狀基材 塗布有導電性溶液時的擴大圖。 〔圖9〕展示本發明之第3實施形態中的面狀發熱體 之外觀的圖。 〔圖1 0〕在本發明之第3實施形態中的發熱部之電 性的等價圖。 〔圖η〕用以說明ptc特性之圖表。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 :面狀發熱體 1 1 0 :網狀基材 1 1 1 :橫纖維素材 1 1 2 :縱纖維素材 1 1 5 ··縱導電體素材 116 :導電體 120 :發熱部 121、121-1、121-2:橫發熱體 -31 - (28) 200812421200812421 (1) IX. Description of the Invention [Technical Fields of the Invention] The present invention relates to a planar heating element, and more particularly to a self-temperature control function in a low temperature region of about 1 oot or less A planar heating element that consumes more energy. [Prior Art] • If a current flows through a resistor having a specific resistance ,, Joule heat is generated and heat is generated. One of the heat-generating persons caused by such Joule heat is a sheet-like planar heat generating body. The planar heating element is not widely used because of its special shape, and is widely used for various purposes, such as a floor heater, a snow melting machine, or a superheater for seedling raising, etc. They are classified into several types according to their manufacturing methods. One of them is to apply a temperature sensitive material having a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) property or a conductive solution to a substrate having a fine texture, or to be impregnated therein. PTC characteristics, Department. In order to electrify the resistive element, the resistive element generates heat, and as the temperature becomes higher, the resistance 値 becomes higher, the current decreases, and the temperature can be kept constant. This type of planar heating element is widely used because it is easy to manufacture and can easily adjust the electric resistance of the heating element. As a kind of temperature-sensitive material or conductive material having PTC characteristics coated on such a cloth-like substrate, or one of them is impregnated, it is proposed as a patent document 1 - (2) (2) 200812421 A method of producing the disclosed planar heating element. The planar heating element of Patent Document 1 is a mixture of a carbon powder coated with a metal thin film and an organic solvent having a cerium resin, and is applied to the surface of a heat-resistant insulating substrate, and then, This is obtained by firing at a temperature of 250 ° C to 45 ° C. The surface-shaped heat generating body of Patent Document 1 is manufactured by such a method, and is provided with a safety that does not cause fire or abnormal heating, and is also capable of freely adjusting the resistance of the heat generating body. [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] However, the planar heat generating body disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above has the following problems. First of all, the first problem is that the amount of the conductive solution is more than an appropriate amount because the coating is simply applied to the substrate or impregnated into the conductive solution. There are disadvantages on the surface. The next problem is that when the planar heating element is used in a floor heater or the like, since an excessive conductive solution is applied to the substrate as described above, the planar heating element is used. The required power level at which the surface temperature is maintained at a suitable temperature (for example, 40 ° C) becomes high, and disadvantages are generated from the viewpoint of power saving. The next problem is that when the planar heating element is placed on the ceiling or wall of the plastic -6- (3) 200812421 greenhouse, the far infrared rays emitted from the planar heating element are used for plant cultivation and the like. At the time of the previous planar heating element, the transmission of light is difficult, and the sunlight in the greenhouse is not sufficiently illuminated, and thus the problem of hindering the growth of the plant is caused. Further, in a machine using a planar heat generating element having a PTC characteristic, in order to avoid occurrence of abnormality due to local heat generation or local heating, in the prior art, an aluminum foil is attached as a heat equalizing plate. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a type of conductive solution by impregnating or impregnating a mesh substrate formed by meshing a mesh. A planar heating element that achieves a reduction in power consumption, has sufficient light transmission, and can avoid local heating problems that are local heating problems. [Means for Solving the Problem] In order to achieve the object, a conductive solution is applied to a mesh substrate obtained by mesh-weaving a longitudinal fiber material and a transverse fiber material at a specific interval, or It is a planar heating element made of impregnation, which is special. It is characterized by: transverse fiber material, which is connected to an electrical conductor disposed at the longitudinal end of the mesh substrate. In the planar heat generating body according to the second aspect of the invention, the conductive solution is applied to the mesh substrate formed by weaving the vertical fiber material and the horizontal fiber material at a specific interval, or A planar heat generating body comprising an impregnation, wherein the horizontal fiber material is connected to a conductor provided at a longitudinal end of the mesh substrate, and the vertical fiber material is made of a conductive voxel 200812421 (4) material. Made into. For example, the fiber material is formed by weaving into a mesh at intervals of 5 mm to 100 mm. Further, the conductive solution is characterized in that a bridge-type polymer, a linear polymer compound, and a basic linear hydrocarbon are compounded in graphite or carbon black as a conductive material. Further, the conductive solution is characterized in that a low-dimensional substance and an inorganic compound mainly composed of a bridge-type polymer and a linear polymer are used as a composite in a stone or a carbon black as a conductive material. to make. [Effect of the Invention] According to the first aspect of the invention, a conductive solution is applied to a mesh substrate obtained by mesh-weaving a longitudinal fiber material and a horizontal fiber material at a specific interval, or A planar heat generating body comprising the impregnation, characterized in that the transverse fiber material is connected to a conductive material provided on the longitudinal end of the mesh substrate. Therefore, since the amount of the longitudinal fiber material and the cross-fiber material constituting the mesh substrate and the amount of the conductive solution applied or impregnated thereto can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be reduced at a low cost. Reduced power consumption. According to the second aspect of the invention, the conductive solution is coated or impregnated in the mesh substrate formed by weaving the longitudinal fiber material and the horizontal fiber material at a specific interval. The planar heat generating body' is formed, and the horizontal fiber material is connected to the conductor provided at the longitudinal end of the mesh substrate, and the vertical fiber material is made of a conductor material, so that it can be prevented from being -8- (5) 200812421 Coating or flowing a part of the transverse fiber material impregnated with a conductive solution has a large current. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the problem of local heating or local heating of the planar heating element. [Embodiment] [First Embodiment] The planar heat generating element 10 〇 in the present embodiment has conductivity in a mesh substrate formed by weaving a vertical fiber material and a horizontal fiber material into a mesh shape. The solution is coated or impregnated with a planar heat generating body, and the spacing of the fibrous material of the mesh is made wider than that of the planar heating element of the prior cloth structure. To reduce the power consumption during heating and to improve the light transmission. Hereinafter, the planar heating element 100 will be described in detail using the drawings. Fig. 1 is a view showing the appearance of a planar heat generating body 100 in the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the mesh-shaped base material 110 constituting the planar heat generating body 100 is a mesh-shaped base material 110 which is formed into a flat shape by knitting the transverse fiber material 1 1 1 and the vertical fiber material 1 1 2 into a mesh shape. At both ends, a conductor 116 is provided. Generally, as the conductor 116, a plurality of conductors are formed in parallel to ensure current capacity. Fig. 2 is a view showing an enlarged view of the mesh substrate 1 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and showing the mesh substrate 1 10 by the transverse fiber material 1 1 1 and the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 and weave it into a mesh shape. The cross-fiber material 1 1 1 and the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 may be single-core fibers, and may also be -9 - 200812421 (6) which is a fiber composed of crepe. The thickness of the transverse fiber material 1 1 1 and the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 can be, for example, a fiber material of # 4 0 (40 0 number) double wire. Of course, the thickness of the fiber can be selected according to needs. Further, as the material, cotton or hemp or plastic fiber, cerium oxide, glass fiber or the like is used. Between the longitudinal fiber materials 112 and the transverse cell material 1 1 1 , an interval of about 5 mm to 100 mm is left. The previous planar heating element 1 〇〇 is made up of cloth, so it is often the case that the interval is extremely small. Further, the interval referred to here is a vertical distance from the center of the wire to the center of the wire as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (A). Fig. 3 is an enlarged view showing a state in which a conductive substrate is applied to a mesh substrate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 (A) is an enlarged view when a conductive solution is applied to a mesh substrate, and Fig. 3 (B) is an enlarged view of the horizontal heat generating body 1 2 1 when a conductive solution is applied to the transverse fiber material 11 1 Figure. Fig. (C) is an enlarged view of the longitudinal heating element 1 22 when the conductive solution is applied to the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 . In this manner, when the conductive solution is applied to the horizontal fiber material 1 1 1 and the vertical fiber material 1 1 2 and dried, the transverse heat generating body 121 and the longitudinal heat generating body which are coated with the heating element are formed in a line shape. 122. When a power source that is connected to the electrode terminal 130 of the conductor 166 is supplied with AC or DC power, a current flows through the lateral heating element 1 2 1 to increase the temperature of the lateral heating element 121. Although a current flows in the vertical heating element 122, it is actually negligible as will be described later. Fig. 4 is a view showing the appearance of the planar heat generation-10-(7)(7)200812421 in the first embodiment of the present invention. The planar heating element 100 of FIG. 4 is a method in which the mesh substrate 110 shown in FIG. 1 is coated with or coated with a conductive solution, and as a drawing, only the transverse fiber material 111 and the longitudinal fibers are used. The material 112 is changed to the horizontal heating element 121 and the vertical heating element 122, and the other elements are the same as those in Fig. 1 . In the planar heat generating element 100, the distance between the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the horizontal heat generating body 121 and the vertical heat generating body 1 22 adjacent to each other is configured to be 5 mm to 100 mm, so that the horizontal heat generating body 121 is used. And when the longitudinal heating element 122 generates heat, it can prevent the prior art from being generated because the interval between the lateral heating element 1 2 1 and the longitudinal heating element 1 22 is too narrow, or excessively exothermic, or due to The interval between the lateral heating element 1 21 and the vertical heating element 1 22 is too wide, so that the problem of the expected amount of heat cannot be obtained, and further, the electric power generated by the excessive application of the conductive solution can be easily prevented. Waste. Η 5' is a temple circuit diagram showing a heat generating portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 5, 121-1, 121-2, ... (hereinafter, collectively referred to as 1 2 1 ), a horizontal heat generating body extending in the lateral direction, 122-1, 122-2, ... (below) As a general term (also referred to as 122), it is a vertical heat generating body that is stretched in the longitudinal direction, and is a point of intersection of the longitudinal fiber material and the horizontal fiber material in each horizontal heat generating body i 2 _ i stretched in the lateral direction. The node and the adjacent node can be represented by the resistance components R11 and R12. Similarly, the same is true for each of the horizontal heat generating bodies 121-2 and 121-3 which are stretched in the lateral direction. On the other hand, in the longitudinal heat generating body 122-1 which is stretched in the longitudinal direction, the node which is the vertical (8) 200812421 intersection of the fiber material and the horizontal fiber material, and the adjacent node can have a resistance component. R 1 1 1 and R2 1 2 are expressed. Similarly, the same is true for each of the longitudinal heat generating bodies 122-2 and 122-3 which are stretched in the longitudinal direction. At both ends of the lateral heating elements 121-1, 121-2, ..., since a voltage is applied from the electrode terminal 130, the current flows through the respective resistance components, and the resistance component generates heat. On the other hand, in the heat generating portion 20 of the first embodiment of the present invention, in the longitudinal heating elements 122-1, 122-2, ... extending in the longitudinal direction, a current flows in theory, but If the Khreshow's law is applied to each node, the resistance in the longitudinal direction is canceled by the current from the adjacent lateral heating elements 1 2 1 , which is actually in the longitudinal heating element 122-1, The current flowing in 122-2,... is very small and negligible. Therefore, in the first embodiment of the present invention, it is only necessary to consider the heat generated by the transverse heat generating body 1 1 1 . For example, the respective resistance components of the lateral heating elements 1 2 1 - 2 are respectively the resistance components R21, R22, and R2n divided by the nodes of the vertical heating elements 122_1, 122-2, .... In this case, since the PTC characteristics are realized by the total of the resistors R2 1 , R22 , R23 , and R2n between the two conductors 116, if the heat generation is uneven, a local portion is generated. Fever. For example, it is assumed that the heat generation of the resistance component R22 becomes large. In the PTC characteristics, as shown in Fig. 11, if the temperature of the heating element rises, the resistance enthalpy becomes large. However, in this case, the PTC characteristics are not as shown for the respective resistance components. Instead, it acts on the resistance of the entire resistance components R2 1 , R22 , and R2 η . Therefore, when the heat generation amount of the resistance component R2 2 -12-200812421 (9) becomes large, the resistance 値 of the resistance component R22 changes, and the PTC characteristic does not act only on the resistance component R22. Therefore, only the current flowing through the resistance component R22 is reduced, so that the temperature of R22 is higher. For all of the resistance components R1 1 to Rmn, similarly, between 1 and 16 , the temperature of the temperature rise body becomes higher and higher due to the PTC characteristic. Therefore, as described above, in general, if the first embodiment is characterized by local heat generation or local heating, the heat is dispersed by the aluminum foil which is locally heated or locally heated. The problem of fever. Next, the conductive description applied to the mesh substrate 1 1 。 is described. The conductive solution is composed of a conductive polymer or a heat-dissipating polymer in which a bridge-type polymer and a linear polymer compound are combined, and further, a low-molecular-weight organic compound such as an alkane is compounded. Not only can it conduct electricity to conductive solutions. Control is also a significant improvement in the stability of the resistor. The heating elements 121 and 122 can be obtained by mixing a monomer of a bridge type polymer in which the conductivity is carbon black (a fine powder of a linear polymer compound of a monomer low-dimensional substance or a liquid and a low molecular weight) An organic compound and a conductive solution prepared by dissolving it in an organic solvent are applied to, for example, a mesh substrate 1 10 which is a cotton #40 double filament, or impregnated and dried, but large, but Since the heating temperature of the non-resistance component rises after the electric conductor, the solution solution acts as a carbon black via the resistive substance due to the attachment, and the graphite or the body is combined with the body. 13- (10) (10) 200812421, which is made of cooked cotton woven fabric. In addition, this mesh substrate 1 1 ο is not limited to cotton woven fabric, and it can be used both organically and inorganically. It may be a plate shape, a film shape, a cotton shape, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric, and it may be a compact or porous material, and its shape is not limited. As long as it does not damage its self-temperature control and conductivity characteristics. In the present embodiment, graphite or carbon black may be natural or artificial graphite or acetylene black, but may be further added to furnace black or the like. 1 From the following, especially when using 〇·1 // the following are ideal. As the bridge type polymer, a thermosetting resin which forms a three-dimensional network structure, such as an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a urethane resin, a ruthenium resin or the like, and a denatured resin thereof can be used, but in the case of blending, these are used. Monomers are suitable. The linear polymer compound may, for example, be an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer or an olefin-based copolymer such as polypropylene, or an ionomer resin. Preferably, it is a micronized polyethylene having crystallinity. In addition, examples of the low molecular weight organic compound include a linear hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 20 or more and a fatty acid. Examples of the organic solvent or the reaction inducer include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, alcohols such as η-butanol and η-propanol, and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and 1-4. An aliphatic diol such as butanediol, an alicyclic diol such as cyclopentane-1,2-diol, a phenol such as benzenediol, methylethyl-14-(11) 200812421 ketone, etc. Ketones or tetrahydrofuran. When the resistance heating element of the planar heating element having the self-temperature control property of the present invention is produced, the above-mentioned related substance is blended with respect to the conductivity of the conductive material such as graphite and the bridge type polymer. In the case of the material 100, a conductive material such as graphite is preferably 10 to 60, and a bridge polymer is preferably 40 to 90. If the number of bridged polymers exceeds 90, the conductivity is deteriorated. Also, if there are less than 40 parts, even if there are more than 60 conductive materials such as graphite, the incremental effect is small, and the combination of graphite or carbon black, depending on the amount, makes The basic conductivity at room temperature is different, but for specific temperature detection and self-temperature control characteristics, the decision can be made uniformly. Further, since the bridge-type polymer is grafted with carbon black, it becomes a matrix of the conductive material, and therefore the basic conductivity is different, but it can be determined uniformly. The cotton-like (lock-like) polymer compound is a unit of the amount of the conductive material which is combined with the amount of the bridged polymer and the amount of the conductive material such as graphite, in order to achieve electrical conductivity. , with a range of 5 to 1 00. Just add it. If it is more than 100 parts, the conductivity is extremely lowered, and it is beyond the practical range. The low molecular weight organic compound, for example, the above-described hydrocarbon, is in the range of 3 to 30 parts. If it exceeds 30 parts, the toughness of the product is lowered, and if it is less than 3 parts, the effect of the characteristics is lacking. The organic solvent requires at least 25 or more, but as a solvent, it can be arbitrarily increased in accordance with the necessity of dilution. -15- (12) 200812421 In the present embodiment, the heating elements 1 2 1 and 1 22 are first electrically mixed with the bridged polymer monomer and graphite, in order to be mixed with the above-mentioned components. Before the grafting of the material, the mixture is assimilated with the linear polymer, and the polymerization of the bridged polymer is carried out by heat treatment to be mutually bonded and fixed. As a result, a heat generating body having a balance between heat deformation resistance and flexibility can be obtained, and the heat generation characteristics can be maintained for a long period of time. • On the other hand, low-molecular-weight organic compounds such as hydrocarbons in the faculty are considered to be inter-layered between the graphite layers that invade the conductive material during heat treatment, and the electrical impedance characteristics of the conductive material are changed. It also contributes to the self-temperature control characteristics of the heating element. The planar heat generating body of the present invention having such a configuration does not cause deterioration in heat generation characteristics even when it is used at a temperature far higher than the melting point of the lower molecular weight organic compound. As described above, in general, the surface-shaped hair-heating material 1 本 in the present embodiment is coated on a mesh-like substrate 1 1 0 in which the interval between the fiber materials is adjusted to 5 mm to 10 mm. The conductive solution is either impregnated to form a heating element, so that the conductive solution is not excessively coated. It is possible to reduce the amount of use and to obtain the temperature characteristics required for various applications such as floor heating. Further, in the planar heating element 100 of the present embodiment, the density of the fiber material in the mesh substrate 110 is lower than that of the conventional planar heating element, and the fiber material is interposed therebetween. Since there is also a small number of intersections, the heat generating body of the fiber material can be more uniformly formed than the surface heating element of the prior art, so that the surface heating can be alleviated. The temperature of the body is uneven. Moreover, by adjusting the interval between the fiber materials in the mesh substrate 11 to 5 mm to 10 mm, since the light permeability can be ensured sufficiently, it is installed in a ceiling such as a plastic house or a greenhouse. In the case of a wall, it is possible to obtain a heat insulating effect by irradiating the far-infrared rays emitted from the planar heating element 1 at night by the sun rays. In addition, when the conventional infrared heater or the like is used as an electric heater in a wide area such as a building or a hall, since the installation place is a dot shape, there is a difference between a local hot spot and a cold place. The disadvantage of getting bigger. On the other hand, when the planar heat generating element 100 in the present embodiment is spread over such a wide area, the entire place can be heated stably by the far-infrared effect. Further, if the power consumption is reduced by the present embodiment, even if it is used repeatedly, the resistance 値 changes little with time, and has stable temperature-conductivity characteristics, and there is no local overheating. It is possible to provide a planar heating element 100 having a self-temperature sensing and control function at various stages as a sensor of a molecular level. Further, the heat generating body of the planar heat generating body 100 is soft and elastic even when heated, and also has the property of being an elastic body having moderate rigidity. Therefore, it can be processed into various forms, and the manufacturing method is also It is easy to manufacture and can be manufactured at low cost, and can be expected to be widely used. Further, in the mesh-shaped base material 110 in the planar heat generating element 1 of the present embodiment, the fiber material is woven in the interval of 5 to 100 mm, and the shape is -17-(14) 200812421, so The cloth substrate "which has been densely spaced from the prior" has been able to significantly reduce the amount of fiber material used. The planar heat generating element 1 00 ' in the present embodiment can be utilized in various fields. For example, it can be used as a surface heating device for use in a floor heater, an electric blanket, a tatami heater, a vehicle sheet heater, or the like, or as an electric heating device, an electric blanket, Foot warmers, floors • Electric heaters, wall heaters, ceiling heaters, tatami heaters, electric quilts, electric cushions, bathroom heater mats, electric heater jackets, electric Warmer gloves, warmers used in electric toilet seats with thermostats, thermos or electric cookers, etc. Further, the planar heating element 100 can be used in a cold zone, by being placed on the lower layer of the road surface, for use in the snow melting of the road, or by being placed on the roof to prevent snow accumulation. In addition, the planar heating element 100 can be used as a warming sheet for seedling cultivation or cultivation by laying on a cultivated land, or by being attached to a wall or ceiling of a plastic greenhouse. The warming effect in the greenhouse, etc., can be effectively utilized in the technical field of agriculture or horticulture. _ In addition, it can also be used for heating of livestock. In addition, according to this embodiment, the mesh substrate 1 is used. The shape of the mesh of 10 is formed as a square as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but this is only one example. Needless to say, it can also be realized by various shapes such as a rhombus, a rectangle, other polygons, and a circle. Further, as described above, although the mesh spacing of the fiber material is such that the distance between the mesh material is 18-(15) (15) 200812421 is 5 to 100 mm, the interval can be adapted to For the purpose of use, for example, when there is a local strong heating and heat preservation effect in a cold environment, it is preferred to ensure a certain amount of heat release as compared with the reduction in power consumption. Set to about 5mm In addition, if it is only necessary to ensure stable heat preservation and heating effects, and power saving is the first purpose, the mesh spacing can be set to about 10 to 100 mm. The composition of the solution may be, for example, the following composition examples 1 to 4. In addition, the term "portion" means a weight portion. (Composition Example 1) Carbon black (average particle diameter: 0·1 // or less) 45 parts of acid-based melamine resin, 55 parts of η-paraffin (fine powder with an average particle diameter of 5 / z or less) 25 parts High molecular weight polyethylene (powder with an average particle diameter of 15/5 or less) 25 toluene 45 parts ΜΕΚ 25 parts η-butanol 30 parts (composition example 2) Carbon black (average particle diameter 0. 1/ζ below) 30 parts of propylene-epoxy resin monomer 7 0 -19- (16) 200812421 Ionomer resin resin 3 5 parts η-Dendrobium (powder with an average particle size of 5/z or less) 15 parts 2 Toluene 35 parts ΜΕΚ 15 parts η-butanol 15 parts of diacetone alcohol 25 parts (composition example 3) Graphite and carbon black 45 acid melamine resin (alkyd melamine resin) mono-oxidation 10 wax (average particle size 5 / / The following micro-powder) ι5 high-molecular-weight polyethene (powder with an average particle diameter of 15// or less), liquid butadiene, 10 toluene, 45, 25, η-butanol, 30, xylene, 5, Composition Example 4) Graphite and carbon black 60 acid melamine resin single η-Dendrobium (fine powder having an average particle diameter of 5 μ or less) 30 high molecular weight polyethylene (powder having an average particle diameter of 15# or less) 55, 10, 40, 10, 20 - 20 - (17) 200812421 Liquid butadiene 20 potassium bromide 10 toluene 4 5 parts MEK 25 η-butanol 30 xylene 40 cyclohexanone 1 [Fourth Embodiment] [Second Embodiment] Next, a planar heat generating element 100 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the planar heat generating element 1 in the second embodiment, the components of the conductive solution constituting the heating elements 121 and 1 2 are different from the planar heating element i in the first embodiment. . The conductive solution in the second embodiment is a conductive powder or a carbon black, and a monomer of a bridge-type polymer and a fine powder of a linear polymer compound which is a low-dimensional substance are further It is either a liquid polymer and a low molecular weight organic compound, and further blends with an inorganic compound in an organic solvent. a liquid that is mixed and polymerized. By applying this conductive solution to . For example, the mesh substrate 1 1 of cotton #40 double-filament cotton woven fabric is either impregnated and allowed to react to dry, and the heat generating body 121' 122 can be manufactured. In other words, in the conductive solution of the first embodiment, the conductive solution is further blended with the inorganic compound in the first embodiment, and the second embodiment is not particularly described.面发发•21 - (18) (18)200812421 In the hot body 100, for example, by reducing the interval between the fiber materials to 5 mm to 100 mm, the power consumption reduction effect and the light transmittance are improved. It is obtained in the same manner as the planar heat generating body 100 in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the characteristics of the conductive solution in the second embodiment will be described in detail. The graphite in the conductive solution of the second embodiment is either a carbon black or a solid two-membered ring-like planar planar composite structure, and the bonding force between the planar layers is relatively gentle. There are things that can cause slips. In addition, graphite or carbon black, although it has a considerable absorbing force, will expand and contract between faces, and exhibits insulation as a so-called conjugated system in a two-dimensional plane, but between layers, As a characteristic of the structural surface, the same conductivity as the metal is exhibited by the presence of a so-called 7-electron electron cloud. In the conductive solution according to the second embodiment, it is considered that such graphite or carbon black has structural characteristics, and the graphite or the layer of carbon black causes a derivative having strong sorption characteristics to be adsorbed. Enlarging the interlayer distance while immersing the crystalline low molecular weight organic compound between the inorganic layers above and below, or replacing a part of the adsorbed derivative with the whole amount, or directly absorbing the inorganic layer and By bridging, and by changing the length of the bridging molecule, the conduction resistance between the layers can be freely controlled, and further, by combining these with an inorganic compound such as cerium oxide, the self-temperature control can be greatly improved. Features, and can become more stable. Examples of the inorganic compound to be added to the conductive solution include -22-(19) 200812421: an alkali metal halide such as sodium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium chloride or potassium bromide, sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid. a sulfate of an alkali metal such as potassium, a carbonate of an alkaline earth metal such as barium carbonate, a halide of a metal such as iron chloride, zinc chloride, titanium tetrachloride or tin tetrachloride, chromium oxide or titanium oxide, An oxide of a transition metal such as chromium oxide, an oxyacid such as nitric acid, or a Lewis acid such as ruthenium chloride. The amount of the inorganic compound to be added is not particularly limited, but is added to the range in which the positive characteristics of the temperature sensing element can be stabilized and strengthened, but is compared with the bridge type polymer and graphite. It is usually in the range of 1 to 20 parts. For example, if the amount of cerium oxide is more than 20, the toughness of the product is extremely lowered, and if it is one or less, the effect of the property is insufficient. In addition, in the planar heating element 100 of the present embodiment, the above-mentioned related substance is blended with 100 parts of the conductive high-dimensional substance made of a conductive material such as graphite and a bridge-type polymer. The graphite is set to be 10 to 60, and the bridge type of the molecule is set to be in the range of 30 to 90. 1 If the number of bridged polymers exceeds 90, the conductivity will deteriorate. Also, if it is less than 30 parts, even if the graphite exceeds 70 parts, it is incrementally effective. The fruit is also small, and graphite or carbon black is compatible, although it depends on the amount. The basic conductivity at room temperature is different, but for specific temperature detection and self-temperature control characteristics, the decision can be made uniformly. Further, since the bridge-type polymer is grafted with carbon black, it becomes a matrix of the conductive material, and therefore the basic conductivity is different, but it can be determined uniformly. As described above, in the conductive solution -23-(20) 200812421 in the second embodiment, in the process of sequentially mixing the above-mentioned components, the bridged polymer single system is first grafted (graft). It is formed in graphite and is formed by mixing linear polymer compounds in the monomer. However, this polymer is twisted and combined while being combined with the bridged polymer during the heat treatment. This matter can be judged from the homogeneity of the component products. In addition, in order to add flexibility to the component products and to stabilize the characteristics, the three-dimensionality and the degree of coincidence of the bridge-type polymer play a very important role. In this way, the linear polymer compound imparts flexibility and entropy rigidity to a three-dimensional network compound which is always easy to become hard, and adds flexibility at a low temperature, and prevents it from being changed at a high temperature. Soft, and tighten the force to stabilize the whole system. The low molecular organic compound and the inorganic compound may be regarded as being directly or in contact with the reaction inducing agent to enter the graphite layer, or may be expanded and strongly adsorbed to the graphite layer to form an interlayer compound. ^ This system can be: The planar heat generating system in this embodiment can withstand high temperature heating (higher than the melting point of the low molecular weight organic compound, - for example, a complex with respect to the melting point of 65 ° C, In the experimental results up to 130 ° C) and the properties are hardly changed, evidence is obtained. Further, since the inorganic compound has a large influence on the specific resistance 値 of the temperature sensing element, the temperature rise characteristic of the temperature sensing element can be easily changed by the presence or absence of the addition. The inorganic compound may exhibit a negative characteristic in a certain temperature range at an initial stage depending on the type thereof, but any of the above temperatures exhibits a positive characteristic. -24- (21) (21)200812421 As described above, generally, in the present embodiment, even if it is used repeatedly, the resistance 値 changes little with time, and has stable temperature-conductivity characteristics, and does not There is a local overheating, and it is possible to provide a planar heating element 100 having various stages of self-temperature sensing and control functions as a molecular level sensor. Moreover, the heating elements 121 and 122 of the planar heating element 100 are soft and elastic even when heated, and also have the property of being a flexible elastic body having moderate rigidity, so that they can be processed into various types. The form and the manufacturing method are also easy, and can be manufactured at low cost, and a wide range of uses can be expected. [Third embodiment] Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 6 to Fig. 1 are the planar heat generating elements according to the third embodiment of the present invention. According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the mesh substrate 1 10 is different from that of the first embodiment. In the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the mesh substrate 110 is such that the horizontal fiber material 111 and the vertical fiber material 1 1 2 are vertically and vertically intersected. And weaved into a mesh lattice and formed. On the other hand, in the mesh substrate 1 10 in the third embodiment, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the fiber material 111 is used in the lateral direction, and the conductor material 1 15 is used in the vertical direction. The mesh substrate 1 10 in FIGS. 6 and 7 is the same as the mesh substrate 1 1 0 of FIG. 2 except that the conductor material 1 1 5 is used in the longitudinal direction, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted. . In the same manner as in the case of -25-(22) (22)200812421, since the conductor material 1 15 is used in the vertical direction, it is possible to avoid local heat generation. For this matter, it is explained below. Fig. 8 is an enlarged view showing a state in which a conductive substrate is applied to a mesh substrate according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8(A) is an enlarged view showing a case where a conductive solution is applied to a mesh substrate, and Fig. 8 (B) (C) is a conductive coating of the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 and the conductive material 1 1 5, respectively. An enlarged view of the lateral heating element 121 and the longitudinal heating element 125 in the case of the solution. In this manner, when the conductive material is applied to the vertical fiber material 112 and the conductor material 115 and dried, the vertical fiber material 1 1 2 and the conductive material 1 1 5 are coated with heat. The body transverse heat generating body 121 and the vertical heat generating body 1 22 . When an AC or DC power source is supplied to the electrode terminal 1 3 0 connected to the conductor 1 16 , current flows in the lateral heating element 1 2 1 and the vertical heating element 1 22, and the transverse heating element 1 is caused. 2 1 and the temperature of the longitudinal heating element 122 rises. The heat generating portion 120 in Fig. 8 is the same as the heat generating portion 120 of Fig. 3 except that the conductive material 1 1 5 is used in the longitudinal direction, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. Fig. 9 is a view showing the appearance of a planar heat generating body in a third embodiment of the present invention. The planar heating element 1 of Fig. 9 is the same as the planar heating element 1〇〇 shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4, the longitudinal heating element 122 is coated with conductive material in the longitudinal fiber material 1 1 2 . The solution is either impregnated, but the vertical heating element 125 in Fig. 9 is only in the case where the conductive material 1 15 is coated with a conductive solution or is impregnated. The other words are the same as those in Fig. 4, and the description thereof will be omitted. Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing a heat generating portion 1 20 -26-(23) (23) 200812421 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1〇, 121-1, 121-2, ... (hereinafter, also referred to as _ 1 2 1 as a general term), is a horizontal heating element that is stretched in the lateral direction, 125-1, 125-2, ... (hereinafter, also referred to as _125 as a general term), a vertical heat generating body which is stretched in the longitudinal direction is displayed, and is formed as a longitudinal fiber in each of the horizontal heat generating bodies 121-1, 121-2, ... which are stretched in the lateral direction. Between the nodes of the intersection of the material and the horizontal fiber material, the resistance components R11, R12, ... can be expressed. At both ends of the lateral heating elements 121-1, 1 2 1 - 2, ..., since a voltage is applied from the electrode terminal _ 1 3 0 0 , the current flows through the respective resistors, and the resistor generates heat. In the heat generating portion 126 of the third embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal heat generating elements 125-1, 125-2, ... extending in the longitudinal direction are formed of the conductive material 1 15 in the heat generating portion 126. The heating elements 125-1, 125-2, ... form an equipotential surface. In the third embodiment of the present invention, since the conductor materials 115 and ... are used in the vertical direction, the respective resistance components of the lateral heating elements 121-1, 121-2, ... are respectively formed by the longitudinal heating elements. The resistance components R11 to Rmn divided by the nodes on 125-1, 125-2, .... In the heat generating portion 120, heat is generated in units of the respective resistance components R1 1 to Rmη. In this case, the PTC characteristics are realized by, for example, the resistances R12, R22, R32, R42, ... between the two vertical heat generating bodies 125-1 and the vertical heat generating bodies 125-2. There is unevenness in the layers of the heating elements, and local heat generation does not occur. That is, the longitudinal heating elements 125-1, 125-2, ... which are stretched in the longitudinal direction are formed by the conductor material 1 15 as a conductor, and are respectively at -27-(24) 200812421 They all become the same potential, and the resistors in the same column are added with the same voltage. For example, the resistors, R32, ... in the same column are connected to the vertical heating element 125-1 and the vertical heating element, and the potential of the vertical heating element 125-1 is set to the potential of the heating element 1 2 5 -2. When V2 is set, a voltage difference (VI - V2) is applied to all of the electrodes Pi, R32, .... Here, for example, in the heat generation PTC characteristic of the resistance component R22, as shown in FIG. 11, the resistance 値 system becomes large at the temperature of the heating element. Therefore, if the resistance component R22 is large, the resistance component R22 is When it becomes larger, the current flowing through the resistor is reduced. Thereby, the temperature of the resistance component R22 is a specific temperature. For all of the resistance components R11 to Rmn, the same longitudinal temperature is due to the PTC characteristics of the same longitudinal heating elements. Therefore. It does not produce heat like local temperature set 1 2 . As described above, in the third embodiment, the vertical heating element 1 2 5 is used in the vertical direction. Heat or local heating problems. Therefore, the aluminum foil for suppressing the local heating is unnecessary, and the planar heat generating body 100 can be made transparent to both of them. [Comparative Example] Next, in one of the embodiments of the present invention, a VI between R12 and R22 1 2 5 -2 is applied, and the vertical lengths R R and R 22 are increased. When the degree rises, the heat generation is changed to the point R22, and the two systems are suppressed in the middle state, because there is local heat or localized radiation, and the surface is in the case. -28- (25) 200812421 The heating element 1 〇〇' is compared with the amount of power consumed between the previous planar heating elements (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2). The composition of the conductive solution in one embodiment of the present invention is shown below. Carbon black (average particle size 0. 1 //below) 45 parts of alkyd melamine resin, 55 parts of η-Dendrobium (fine powder with an average particle size of 5 // below) 25 parts ® high molecular weight polyethylene (average particle size 15// The following powders: 25 toluene 45 parts ΜΕΚ 25 parts η-butanol 30 parts of the planar heating element 100 in this embodiment can be bridged in conductive graphite or carbon black A monomer of a polymer and a fine powder of a linear polymer compound which is a low-dimensional substance are either a liquid monomer or a low molecular weight organic compound, and are blended and matured in an organic solvent. The solution is applied to a mesh substrate 110 having a fiber material interval of 10 mm in length and width, or is impregnated, and reacted and dried. . In addition, the planar heating elements of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 which are the former planar heating elements were produced by the same procedure as in the present example, but the intervals of the fiber materials were 1 mm, respectively. 2 mm, which is different from this embodiment. Hereinafter, in Table 1, the amount of power consumption per watt of the planar heat generating body for maintaining the surface of the planar heat generating element at 40 ° C (watt) is shown in -29-(26) 200812421. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were compared and compared. [Table 1] Interval of fiber material (mm) Power consumption (w/m2) Comparative Example 1 1 240 Comparative Example 2 2 190 The present invention 10 140 • As shown in Table 1, in order to maintain the surface of the planar heat generating body at 40 °c, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, a power consumption amount of 240 W/m 2 and 1 90 W/m 2 was required, respectively. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, it is 140 W/m2, which is confirmed to be effective in reducing the amount of power consumption compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In addition, the above-described embodiments are examples of suitable implementations of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Implemented. [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a view showing the appearance of a planar heat generating element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a view showing the expansion of the mesh substrate in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view showing a state in which a mesh substrate is coated with a conductive solution in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a view showing the appearance of the planar heat generating body -30-(27) (27) 200812421 in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is an equivalent diagram showing the electrical properties of the heat generating portion in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a view showing the appearance of a planar heat generating element in a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a view showing the expansion of the mesh substrate in the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is an enlarged view showing a state in which a mesh substrate is coated with a conductive solution in a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a view showing the appearance of a planar heat generating element in a third embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 10] An equivalent diagram of the electric power of the heat generating portion in the third embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. η] is a graph for explaining the characteristics of ptc. [Description of main component symbols] 100: planar heating element 1 1 0 : mesh substrate 1 1 1 : transverse fiber material 1 1 2 : vertical fiber material 1 1 5 · vertical conductor material 116 : conductor 120 : heat Parts 121, 121-1, 121-2: Transverse heating element -31 - (28) 200812421
122 ' 121-1 125 、 125-1 1 3 0 :電極S 、121-2 :縱發熱體 、125-2 :縱發熱體 ί子122 ' 121-1 125 , 125-1 1 3 0 : Electrode S , 121-2 : Longitudinal heating element , 125-2 : Longitudinal heating element ί子
-32--32-