TW200810133A - Decoupling capacitors and filler cells - Google Patents

Decoupling capacitors and filler cells Download PDF

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TW200810133A
TW200810133A TW096104054A TW96104054A TW200810133A TW 200810133 A TW200810133 A TW 200810133A TW 096104054 A TW096104054 A TW 096104054A TW 96104054 A TW96104054 A TW 96104054A TW 200810133 A TW200810133 A TW 200810133A
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filling unit
dedicated
supply voltage
metal layer
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TW096104054A
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TWI333282B (en
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Hsien-Te Chen
Jen-Hang Yang
Chun-Hui Tai
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Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/86Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
    • H01L29/861Diodes
    • H01L29/8611Planar PN junction diodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/0611Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region
    • H01L27/0617Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type
    • H01L27/0629Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits having a two-dimensional layout of components without a common active region comprising components of the field-effect type in combination with diodes, or resistors, or capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/08Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
    • H01L27/0805Capacitors only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/08Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
    • H01L27/0814Diodes only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Description

200810133 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種積體電路,特別是有關於一種 具有解耦合電容(decoupling capacitor)之積體電路。 【先前技術】 積體電路中所使用的解耦合電容係被設計來用以過 濾耦接於正供應電壓vdd與互補較低供應電壓Vss之間 i 的雜訊。電源雜訊係由在高頻下需要高電流之高密度積 體電路内的電晶體所引起’其導致突然的壓降(voltage drop )。在積體電路的電路網(power grid )中,上述壓 降可為整體壓降以及局部壓降兩者。藉由提供局部的電 流源,可以減少壓降,例如解耦合來自電路網激增之電 流的電容,因此可減少電路網的雜訊。 一種晶粒内電容稱之為金氧半導體(metal oxide semiconductor,MOS )電容。金氧半導體電容經由閘極 ® 氧化物(gate oxide )隔開而分為兩端。一端為閘極而另 一端為基體(body )。另一種晶粒内電容係使用場效電 晶體(field effect transistor,FET ),例如 N 通道金氧半 導體場效電晶體(NMOSFET)或是P通道金氧半導體場 效電晶體(PMOSFET )。一端為閘極而另一端為源極、 汲極以及基體。電容的兩端是由閘極氧化物所隔開。兩 種晶粒内電容的共同特色係使用閘極氧化物當作介電材 料’其容許高漏電流(leakage current)穿隧通過閘極氧 0503-A32631TWF 5 200810133 化物,尤其是現今半導體元件中閘極氧化物變得越來越 薄的情況下。而閘極氧化物直接連接至正供應電壓Vdd 也容易造成靜電放電(electrostatic discharge,ESD)的損 害。 因此,需要具有適應性結構以及減少損害之低漏電 流的解耦合電容。 【發明内容】 • 有鑑於此,本發明提供一種解耦合電容,位於積體 電路内,包括:複數專用PN二極體,具有大於功能性元 件的總有效面積之十分之一的總接面面積,其中專用PN 二極體用來保護功能性元件;N型區,位於專用PN二極 體,耦接於正供應電壓(Vdd);以及P型區,位於專用 PN二極體,耦接於互補較低供應電壓(Vss),其中專 用PN二極體為反向偏壓。 再者,本發明提供一種填充單元,位於一積體電路 ⑩ 内,包括:一或多個專用PN二極體,包括:複數N型 區,耦接於一正供應電壓(Vdd );以及複數P型區,耦 接於一互補較低供應電壓(Vss ),其中上述專用PN二 極體係反向偏壓並作為解耦合電容。 再者,本發明提供一種填充單元,位於一積體電路 内,包括:一或多個既定層的一或多個冗餘元件;以及 一或多個專用PN二極體,包括:複數N型區,耦接於 一正供應電壓(Vdd);以及複數P型區,耦接於一互補 0503-A32631TWF 6 200810133 較低供應電壓(Vss),其中上述專用PN二極體係反向 偏壓並作為解耦合電容。 【實施方式】 s 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更 明顯易懂,下文特舉出較佳實施例,並配合所附圖式, 作詳細說明如下: ❿ 實施例: 本發明提供由反向偏壓PN二極體所組成的解耦合 電容,其具有較低的漏電流以及容易被放置在積體電路 内。 第1圖係顯示傳統NMOSFET解耦合電容100的剖 面圖。閘極110耦接至正供應電壓Vdd。源極/汲極120 以及P型井區130連接在一起並耦接至互補較低供應電 壓Vss。閘極氧化物140提供介電材料給NMOSFET解耦 Φ 合電容100,在上述連接關係下,NMOSFET解耦合電容 100操作在具有較高電容值之反向區。但是,由閘極氧化 物所組成的解耦合電容可容許高漏電流穿隧通過閘極氧 化物,尤其是現今半導體元件中閘極氧化物變得越來越 薄的情況下。閘極氧化物直接連接至正供應電壓Vdd也 容易造成靜電放電的損害。 第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例將反向偏壓PN 二極體210當作解耦合電容之示意圖。在反向偏壓的情 0503-A32631TWF 7 200810133 況下,反向偏壓PN二極體210可當作電容。PN接面形 成空乏區(depletion region),以及偏壓電壓越高,則空 乏區越寬,因此PN接面電容會越小。所以,在先進積體 電路中,當正供應電壓Vdd變的越低則反向偏壓pN二 極體210之作甩越佳。 反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容的另一優點為提供 額外的靜電放電保護。由於,在適度的靜電放電電屢丁, PN接面崩潰(breakdown)是可逆的。因此,藉由適度 • 的靜電放電,PN接面本身將不會遭受永久地損害。 在積體電路晶片中有許多方法可形成PN二極體, 第3A-3C圖係顯示其中一些例子。根據本發明,第3a_3c 圖只提及專用PN二極體的部分。專用PN二極體係為功 能完全與PN二極體相同之元件,以及非寄生於其他種類 之元件的PN二極體。 第3A圖係顯示由N+型區312位於p型井區314内 部所組成之反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容31〇的剖面 ❿圖。N+型區312耦接至正供應電壓Vdd,以及p型井區 314經由P+上接(pick up)區316耦接至互補較低供應 電壓Vss。因此,由p型井區314以及N+型區312所組 成的P N接面係為反向偏壓。 第3B圖係顯示由p+型區322位於N型井區324内 部所組成之另一反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容32〇的剖 面圖,其中P+型區322以及N型井區324依序位於p型 基底326的内部。N型井區324經由N+上接區328耜接
0503-A32631TWF 8 200810133 至正供應電壓Vdd。P+型區322耦接至互補較低供應電 壓Vss。因此,由p+型區322以及N型井區324所組成 的PN接面亦為反向偏壓。 第3C圖係顯示更複雜結構之剖面圖。N型井區332 緊鄰著P型井區334。N型井區332以及P型井區334 兩者皆位於DN型井區(深摻雜n型井區)336的内部, 其中N型井區332、P型井區334以及DN型井區336依 序位於P型基底338的内部。n型井區332經由N+上接 • 區342輕接至正供應電壓。p型井區μ#經由p+上 接區344耦接至互補較低供應電壓vss。dn型井區336 經由N+上接區346耦接至正供應電壓Vddc)p型基底338 經由P+上接區348耦接至互補較低供應電壓Vss。因此, N型井區332以及P型井區334組成反向偏壓pn二極 體。P型井區334以及DN型井區336組成另一反向偏壓 PN二極體。DN型井區336以及p型基底338組成又一 反向偏壓PN二極體。 ® PN二極體解耦合電容可有效過濾出因變動電源之 需要所產生的雜訊,PN二極體解耦合電容的總接面面積 必須大體上相同於在解耦合電容被放置的相同區域之功 旎性元件的總面積。假設在正常電路中,多數的功能性 元件係使用最小通道寬度,那麼可使用功能性元件的有 效面積作為兀件尺寸的代表。PN二極體解耦合電容的總 接面面積應該至少為功能性元件之有效面積的十分之 一,其中上述專用PN二極體用來保護上述功能性元件。
0503-A32631TWF 9 200810133 第3A-3C圖係顯示形成反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合 電容之適應性。其可以由DN型井區以及P型基底組成 非常大的反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容,或是可以為小 的2階(2-pitch)填充物型式的解耦合電容。所謂填充 物係為放置於空餘區域之非功能性元件,用來填滿金 屬、多晶矽(poly >、井區以及有效區以滿足上述既定層 的密度規則(density rule)。 第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例由反向偏壓PN I 二極體解耦合電容415所組成的填充單元410之示意 圖。反相器(inverter) 420、430為示範的功能性元件。 其可以為任何其他種類的元件。填充單元410放置在兩 功能性反相器420、430之間的空餘區域。首先係當作解 耦合電容;其次係用以填滿空餘空間以滿足金屬、多晶 矽(poly)、井區以及有效區等既定層之密度規則。當填 充單元410緊鄰接合墊(bonding pad )時,反向偏壓PN 接面亦可對内部電路提供額外的靜電放電保護。 ® 填充單元的PN二極體係經由位於相同金屬層或是 兩個不同金屬層的金屬線耦接於正供應電壓Vdd以及 互補較低供應電壓Vss之間。在動態準則(dynamic basis ) 中,為了傳送足夠的電荷,金屬線需具有足夠的寬度以 減少電阻。事實上,填充單元的寬度或是長度應該不大 於金屬線之最小寬度的五倍,最好不大於三倍。 如同部分的填充單元,當既定層放置填充單元而喪 失區域時,可增加位於既定層的某些冗餘(dummy )部 0503-A32631TWF 10 200810133 分,例如金屬或是多晶矽。所謂冗餘部分係為某些既定 層的部分,其不具有任何功能的使用,以及純粹填滿空 餘空間以滿足密度規則。 本發明雖以較佳實施例揭露如上’然其並非用以限 定本發明的範圍,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本發 明之精神和範圍内,當可做些許的更動與潤飾,因此本 發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為 準。
I 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示傳統NMOSFET解耦合電容的剖面圖; 第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例將反向偏壓PN 二極體當作解耦合電容之示意圖; 第3A-3C圖係顯示反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容 之不同組成的剖面圖;以及 第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例由反向偏壓PN ’ 二極體解耦合電容所組成的填充單元之示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100〜NMOSFET解耦合電容; 110y〜^閘極; 120〜源極/汲極; 130、314、334〜P 型井區; 135、316、3.22、344、348〜P+型區; 140〜閘極氧化物; 0503-A32631TWF 11 200810133 210〜反向偏壓PN二極體; 310、320、330〜反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容; 312、328、342、346〜N+型區; 324、332〜N型井區; 326、338〜P型基底; 336〜DN型井區; 410〜填充單元; 415〜反向偏壓PN二極體解耦合電容; φ 420、430〜反相器;
Vdd〜正供應電壓;
Vss〜互補較低供應電壓。 0503-A32631TWF 12

Claims (1)

  1. 200810133 十、申請專利範圍: 1. -種解耦合電容’位於一積體電路 複數專用PN二極體,且有大於〇括· 有效面積之十分之一的一總接面面積, 件的'、、心 二極體用來保護上述功能性元件;,、34專用™ 一 N型區,位於上述專用pN 供應電壓(Vdd );以及 一 P型區,位於上述專用PN二極 補較低供應電壓(Vss)。 接於一互 2. 如申請專利範圍第 上述N型區為一 N+材料c 3·如申請專利範圍第 上述N型區為一 n型井區 ^申請專利第μ所述之 上述Ρ型區為一 ρ+材料。 包谷 、、5·如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之解輕合 上述Ρ型區為一ρ型井區。 圍第〗韻述 上述ρ型區為—ρ型基底。 -谷 7.一種填充單元,位於—積體電路内,包括, 一或多個專用PN二極體,包括·· . 複數N型區,耦接於一 ,Ι Μ ρ ^ 止1,、應电壓(Vdd);以及 苴 °。,耦接於一互補較低供應電壓(VSS), …上述專用PN二極體係反向偏壓並作為解麵合 輕接於 正 項所述之解耦合電容 項所述之解耦合電容 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 0503-A32631TWF 13 200810133 電容。 8·如中明專利fell第7項所述之填充單元,盆 述N型區為一 n+材料。 /、 9·如申請專利範圍第7項所述之填充單元,其 述N型區為井區。 ’、 1〇·如申請專利範圍第7項所述之填充單元,其中上 述P型區為一 P+材料。 •士申明專利範圍第7項所述之填充單元,其中上 隊述P型區為一p型井區。 12·如申睛專利範圍第7項所述之填充 一或多個既定層的-或多個冗餘元件。早更^ 13.如申請專利範圍第12項所述之填充單元,其中 上述既定層包括多晶石夕、金屬、井區或是主動區。 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之填充單元,其中: 上逑N型區經由一第一金屬層耦接至上述正供應電 壓(Vdd);以及 釀上述P型區經由一第二金屬層耦接至上述互補較低 供應電壓(VSS)。 15·如申請專利範圍第14項所述之填充單元,其中 上述第一金屬層係與上述第二金屬層相同。 16·如申請專利範圍第15項所述之填充單元,其中 上述填充單元的寬度或是長度不大於上述第一金屬層或 是上述第二金屬層之五倍的線寬。 —種填充單元,位於一積體電路内,包括·· 0503-A32631TWF 14 200810133 一或多個既定層的—或多個冗餘元件;以及 一或多個專用PN二極體,包括: 複數N型區,叙接# -Γ ω A 、卜 揭接於一正供應電壓(Vdd);以及 稷數P型區,純於_互補較低供應電壓, /、中上述專用PN二極體係反向偏壓並作為解搞合 電容。 I8·如申請專利範圍第n項所述之填充單元,苴中 上述既定層包括多㈣、金屬、井區或是絲區。〃 19·如申請專利範圍第17項所述之填充單元,其中 上述N型區經由一第一金屬層耦接至上述正供應 (Vdd);以及 ^ 上述P型區經由一第二金屬層耦接至上述互補較低 供應電壓(Vss)。 一 20.如申請專利範圍第19項所述之填充單元,其中 上述填充單元的寬度或是長度不大於上述第一金屬層或 是上述第二金屬層之五倍的線寬。 0503-A32631TWF 15
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