200530492 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種控制將潤滑劑導入往復式活塞引擎之活 塞與氣缸摩擦面之方法，尤指根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之 二衝程往復式活塞引擎，及根據申請專利範圍第η項所述之用 於實施本方法之裝置。 【先前技術】 對於大型往復式活塞引擎，尤指工業用（如柴油發電廠所 Φ 用之）及尤指造船用之二衝程往復式活塞引擎來說，皆具有一 個問題’那就是必須於其等之活塞與氣叙摩擦面上，單另注入 潤滑劑來提供潤滑作用。於此類之往復式活塞引擎中，其等之 氣缸例如可有一公尺大且達到三公尺長之衝程，此時欲估計需 用之潤滑劑量是很困難的。一般應用皆是將已知之經驗數值， 再提高10%至20%的量，以保安全。習知之經驗數值，例如位 於〇·2至〇·6 g/kWh之間。亦即對一平均功率於3〇,〇〇〇 kw之中 型引擎來說，一天需要3,600 kg之潤滑劑。因此潤滑劑之浪費， 並非一項無足輕重之花#因素。 W 由專利案DE-A 33 38 42〇及WOOO/652〇5中，已知對大型 =擎之潤滑位置做監測之方法與裝置，皆於因潤滑膜被撕裂而 造成損害前，便啟動防護措施。但這些習知之方法及裝置全部 都是針對引擎轉動軸之軸承做監測。迄今尚未有人提出監控活 塞與氣缸摩擦面，並導入潤滑劑。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提出一種用於控制將潤滑劑導入往復式 活塞引擎，尤指用於二衝程往復式活塞引擎之活塞與氣缸摩擦 面之方法及裝置。 5 200530492 本發明藉由以下兩項之創新達成該目的： a) 根據申請專利範圍弟1項所述之方法；及 b) 根據申請專利範圍第11項所述之裝置。 由於可於氣缸壁與活塞間量測出—電流，然後可逐漸降低 潤滑劑之導人量，-直持續至量測出—電流之干擾訊號，表示 氣缸摩擦面上之潤滑劑薄膜被撕裂，此時再提高麟劑之導入 量，直至干擾訊號消失，便是所需之臨界潤滑劑導人量，藉此200530492 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for controlling the introduction of a lubricant into the friction surface of a piston and a cylinder of a reciprocating piston engine, especially according to the second stroke described in the first patent application scope A reciprocating piston engine, and a device for implementing the method according to item n of the patent application scope. [Previous technology] For large reciprocating piston engines, especially industrial (such as those used in diesel power plants) and especially two-stroke reciprocating piston engines for shipbuilding, there is a problem. The piston and the friction surface of the gas cylinder are separately injected with lubricant to provide lubrication. In such a reciprocating piston engine, such a cylinder may have a stroke as large as three meters, for example, and it is difficult to estimate the amount of lubricant required. The general application is to increase the known empirical value, and then increase the amount by 10% to 20% to ensure safety. Known empirical values, for example, are between 0.2 and 0.6 g / kWh. That is to say, for a medium engine with an average power of 30,000 kw, 3,600 kg of lubricant is required per day. Therefore, the waste of lubricant is not a trivial factor. W From the patent cases DE-A 33 38 42〇 and WOOO / 652〇5, the methods and devices for monitoring the lubrication position of large-scale engines are known to start before damage is caused by the tearing of the lubricant film. Protective measures. However, these conventional methods and devices are all aimed at monitoring the bearings of the rotating shaft of the engine. So far, no one has proposed to monitor the friction surface between the piston and the cylinder and introduce lubricant. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling the introduction of lubricant into a reciprocating piston engine, especially a friction surface between a piston and a cylinder of a two-stroke reciprocating piston engine. 5 200530492 The present invention achieves this object through the following two innovations: a) the method described in item 1 of the scope of patent application; and b) the device described in item 11 of the scope of patent application. Because the current can be measured between the cylinder wall and the piston, and then the amount of lubricant can be gradually reduced, until it is measured, the interference signal of the current indicates that the lubricant film on the friction surface of the cylinder is torn. At this time, increase the introduction amount of Lin agent until the interference signal disappears, which is the required amount of critical lubricant to guide people, thereby
減少實際所需《潤滑劑導人量。如此較習知方法節省大量 滑劑。 本方法及裝置之有利實施例詳述於申請專利範圍第2項至 第10項，及申請專利範圍第12項至第14項中。 理論上，往復式活塞引擎潤滑劑可以干擾訊號消失時之臨 ^閏滑劑導人量使其運轉。但更有利的是，根據巾請專利範園 第2項中所述，提關滑劑之臨界導人量至—安全因數。也 薦根據巾請專利賴第3射·之方法定械重覆操作 好之做法，則是根射請補侧第4财所述之方法 於負載條件下之引擎。 本万法可料_奸施。特财利_根射 圍弟5項f述之形ί ’亦即利用不同材質於氣㈣活塞間產生 《熱電流I測電心。此種熱電流係發生於氣紅壁與活塞 最細微摩擦點-於活塞與氣缸摩擦面間之實質磨損皆尚未產生 :且呈:見為，之訊號’亦即所謂之閃電訊號。此時有利的 所產生之祕訊號。 不讀及用來克服間隙電阻 另一方面’細方法中，也可利用外加 專利範圍第ό項所述之會祐古忒，$ 很髁甲口月 ”她万式或僅精外加電源來實施。 6 200530492 本方法將電流之通路路徑儘量縮至最短，所得到之訊號誤 ，範圍也最小。這時，特別有利之方法為，根據申請專利範圍 第7項所述之方法將整個電路設計成由氣缸壁、活塞及活塞連 桿所聯合構成，於活塞連桿上裝設一集流環，其連接於電路上。 特別有利的是，將此集流環設計成一填料函，其同時負責曲軸 ' 箱與活塞底邵間之填塞。此實施方法尤其有利於在大型二衝程 往復式活塞引擎上實施。 若往復式活塞引擎中沒有活塞連桿之設計，而活塞僅由曲 • 軸連桿與曲軸相連時，則可以有利的根據申請專利範圍第8項 所述之方法來將整個電路安裝於氣虹壁及曲軸上。 於個別引擎條件下，必須以實驗方法得出控制導入之潤滑 劑之恰當數值，尤其於避免由其他軸承傳來干擾訊號時，有其 必要。 其他有利之實施例係根據申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法 於疾差之干擾訊號超越一個預先設定之臨界值，亦即當氣缸壁 已經產生磨損時，這時便立即觸發一個超越臨界值之磨損信 魯號。尤指根據申請專利範圍第10項所述之方法，監控多缸引擎 中之每一個個別氣缸，指出開始產生磨損之相應氣缸。 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明之實施例可藉以下之示意圖詳細說明： 圖一往復式活塞引擎之爭意圖，顯示活塞具有一個活塞 連桿； 圖二往復式活塞引擎示意圖，顯示活塞係經由曲軸連桿 直接與曲轴連結。 【實施方式】 圖一顯示一典型之往復式活塞引擎2，氣缸4中有一作往 7 200530492Reduce the actual amount of lubricant needed. This saves a lot of lubricant over conventional methods. Advantageous embodiments of the method and device are detailed in the patent application scope items 2 to 10 and the patent application scope items 12 to 14. Theoretically, a reciprocating piston engine lubricant can interfere with the presence of a signal when it disappears. However, it is more advantageous that according to item 2 of the patent application patent garden, the critical amount of raising the slip agent is to a safety factor. It is also recommended to repeat the operation of the machine according to the method of patenting the third shot. It is a good practice to shoot the engine under the load condition according to the method described in the fourth item. Ben Wanfa is expected to _ treacherous.特 财 利 _Gen She The shape of the 5 items described in the sect of the si ‘means that the“ thermal current I test cell ”is generated between the air pistons using different materials. This kind of thermal current occurs at the smallest friction point between the gas red wall and the piston-the substantial wear between the piston and the friction surface of the cylinder has not yet occurred: and it shows: the signal of seeing that is the so-called lightning signal. Favorable secret signal generated at this time. Not read and used to overcome the gap resistance. On the other hand, in the thin method, you can also use Huiyou Guzheng described in Item 6 of the patent scope. 6 200530492 This method minimizes the path of the current path as much as possible, the obtained signal is wrong, and the range is the smallest. At this time, a particularly advantageous method is to design the entire circuit according to the method described in item 7 of the scope of the patent application. The cylinder wall, the piston and the piston connecting rod are combined, and a collecting ring is installed on the piston connecting rod, which is connected to the circuit. It is particularly advantageous to design this collecting ring as a stuffing box, which is also responsible for the crankshaft ' The filling between the box and the bottom of the piston. This implementation method is particularly beneficial for large two-stroke reciprocating piston engines. If there is no piston connecting rod design in the reciprocating piston engine, and the piston is only composed of a crankshaft connecting rod and a crankshaft When connected, the entire circuit can be advantageously installed on the gas rainbow wall and crankshaft according to the method described in item 8 of the scope of the patent application. Under the conditions of individual engines, it must be tested experimentally. It is necessary to obtain the appropriate value for controlling the imported lubricant, especially to avoid interference signals from other bearings. Other advantageous embodiments are the poor interference signals according to the method described in item 9 of the scope of patent application. Exceeds a pre-set threshold, that is, when the cylinder wall has been worn, a wear-signal number exceeding the threshold is immediately triggered. Especially according to the method described in item 10 of the patent application scope, monitoring of multi-cylinder engines Each of the individual cylinders indicates the corresponding cylinder that starts to wear. [Brief description of the drawings] The embodiment of the present invention can be described in detail by the following schematic diagram: Figure 1 The intention of a reciprocating piston engine shows that the piston has a piston connection Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a reciprocating piston engine, showing that the piston system is directly connected to the crankshaft via a crankshaft connecting rod. [Embodiment] Figure 1 shows a typical reciprocating piston engine 2, with one of the cylinders 4 and 7 200530492.
’於活塞6與氣缸摩擦面μ 中，導線2〇接於氣紅4之叙 電路18係用於監控氣缸4中，余 間之潤滑薄膜是否完好，於此線路中， 壁上’另-導線22則是接至集流環作用之填料㉟1()上，以連 結至活塞連桿8上。為達此目的，該與引擎韻相對之填料函 10為私之絕緣。在另—未纟會出之實施例中，集流環設計成特製 之接觸元娜，例如將其安裝於活塞連桿8上之碳刷。 電路18中包含電阻24及一組可有可無之電源26。於往復 式活塞引擎巾電路串聯於氣缸4之&壁與活塞S間及活塞連桿 8與導孔1G間。而平行於電阻24設有控制裝置28，其用於監 測氣缸4及活塞6與氣紅摩擦面16間之電流量變化，以查知氣 知1摩擦面16上之淵湣劍薇臌县不pj _'In the friction surface μ between the piston 6 and the cylinder, the conducting wire 20 connected to the gas red 4 circuit 18 is used to monitor whether the lubricant film in the cylinder 4 is intact. In this circuit, the wall' 22 is connected to the filler 作用 1 () of the collecting ring to be connected to the piston connecting rod 8. To this end, the stuffing box 10 opposite the engine rhyme is privately insulated. In another embodiment that has not yet been described, the current collecting ring is designed as a special contact element, such as a carbon brush mounted on the piston connecting rod 8. The circuit 18 includes a resistor 24 and a set of optional power sources 26. The reciprocating piston engine towel circuit is connected in series between the & wall of the cylinder 4 and the piston S, and between the piston connecting rod 8 and the guide hole 1G. A control device 28 is provided in parallel to the resistor 24, which is used to monitor the change in the amount of current between the cylinder 4 and the piston 6 and the gas-red friction surface 16, in order to find out whether the Yuanyuan on the friction surface 16 of Qizhi 1 pj _
欲測得往復式活塞引擎2之潤滑劑需求量最有效之方法 為，令裝置2於負載條件下逐漸減少潤滑劑之供應量，直至電 路18中產生干擾訊號，顯示存於活塞6與氣缸4間之潤滑劑薄 膜開始撕裂。控制裝置28此時再逐漸提高裝置32之潤滑劑導 入I，直至干擾訊號消失為止。此時之潤滑劑導入量正好足以 使此往復式活塞引擎安全運轉。為提昇安全性，可將導入量增 加例如5%之安全因數。最有利的是，每間隔一段時間便重新依 知上述方法調整潤滑劑量。於使用恰當執行軟體之條件下，監 8 200530492 控及調整皆可全自動地來實施。 圖二之實施例中之標示基本上與圖一之實施例之標示相對 應，其中相同符號代表相同物件。與圖一之往復式活塞引擎2 有所不同的是圖二之往復式活塞引擎2a，具一活塞6a，其藉一 曲軸連桿36與曲軸14a相連結。其工作原理雖與圖一相當，但 此處包含曲軸連桿36及曲軸14a構成之較長路徑之電路18a， 會因流經多支軸承的關係，具較高之故障率。The most effective way to measure the lubricant demand of the reciprocating piston engine 2 is to make the device 2 gradually reduce the lubricant supply under load conditions until an interference signal is generated in the circuit 18, indicating that it is stored in the piston 6 and the cylinder 4 The lubricant film began to tear. The control device 28 then gradually increases the lubricant introduction I of the device 32 until the interference signal disappears. The amount of lubricant introduced at this time was just enough to make this reciprocating piston engine run safely. To increase safety, the amount of introduction can be increased by a safety factor such as 5%. It is most advantageous to adjust the amount of lubricant according to the above-mentioned method again at intervals. With the use of properly implemented software, monitoring and control can be implemented fully automatically. The label in the embodiment of FIG. 2 basically corresponds to the label in the embodiment of FIG. 1, where the same symbols represent the same objects. A difference from the reciprocating piston engine 2 of Fig. 1 is the reciprocating piston engine 2a of Fig. 2, which has a piston 6a, which is connected to the crankshaft 14a by a crankshaft connecting rod 36. Although its working principle is equivalent to that in Figure 1, the circuit 18a including the longer path formed by the crankshaft connecting rod 36 and the crankshaft 14a will have a higher failure rate due to the flow through multiple bearings.
對巨型引擎來說，其轉速相對地低，可將導線22直接連接 至活塞6上。如此便可直接監控調整活塞6與氣缸4間之潤滑 劑薄膜，故障率便會降至最低。 對於多缸之往復式活塞引擎有利的是，於每一氣缸中皆設 置一分離之控制裝置及一分離之潤滑劑導入裝置，以使各氣缸 得以擁有各自之潤滑與監控系統。另一實施方法為，所有氣缸 共用'组裝置導人潤滑劑至各氣缸，而導人各氣虹之潤滑劑量 則係按各控制裝置中要求之最大潤滑劑量為準。 進-錢用上狀裝置為，及早發覺活塞錢叙間 1 ’以避免活躲執。有效岐監㈣流量之讀訊號，备並 ，越某-預先設定之臨界值時，便能得知絲賴正二 ^叙-旦磨損，就算提昇潤滑劑導人量，出現 會因而消失。所以可於事前之實驗中，先測出此誤差量 =號之鮮與波形，财監控超越職之臨界值。超越， 曰屋生磨損信號，例如執行發光及發聲 ^ 擎執行關機。 或要求引 多缸引擎中之每—氣 ，亦即可分辧出特定 有效的是將上述之監控裝置安置於一 缸上，因為藉此方式便可定位開始之磨損 之氣紅〇 9 200530492For giant engines, the speed is relatively low, and the wire 22 can be directly connected to the piston 6. In this way, the lubricant film between the piston 6 and the cylinder 4 can be directly monitored and adjusted, and the failure rate will be minimized. For a multi-cylinder reciprocating piston engine, it is advantageous to provide a separate control device and a separate lubricant introduction device in each cylinder so that each cylinder can have its own lubrication and monitoring system. Another implementation method is that all the cylinders share a group of devices to guide the lubricant to each cylinder, and the amount of lubricant to guide each gas rainbow is based on the maximum amount of lubricant required in each control device. The money-in-the-like device is used for early detection of the Pistons Qian Shujian 1 ′ to avoid live avoidance. The readout signal of the effective flow rate monitoring is prepared, and when a certain threshold is set in advance, you can know that Silai Zhengji ^ Syria-Dan wear, even if the amount of lubricant is increased, it will disappear. Therefore, in the previous experiments, this error amount = the freshness of the number and the waveform, and the critical value of financial monitoring beyond the post. Exceeded, said the wear and tear signal, such as the execution of light and sound ^ engine shutdown. Or it is required to introduce each gas in the multi-cylinder engine, which can also distinguish specific. It is effective to place the above-mentioned monitoring device on a cylinder, because in this way, the worn red gas can be located. 9 200530492
【主要元件符號說明】 2 往復式活塞引擎 2a 往復式活塞引擎 4 氣缸 6 活塞 6a 活塞 8 活塞連桿 10 導孔 11 曲軸箱 12 十字形接頭 13 聯結桿 14 曲軸 14a 曲軸 16 氣缸摩擦面 18 電路 18a 電路 20 導線 22 導線 24 電阻 26 電源 28 控制裝置 30 導線 32 裝置 34 潤滑劑導管 36 曲軸連桿[Description of main component symbols] 2 Reciprocating piston engine 2a Reciprocating piston engine 4 Cylinder 6 Piston 6a Piston 8 Piston connecting rod 10 Guide hole 11 Crankcase 12 Cross joint 13 Connecting rod 14 Crankshaft 14a Crankshaft 16 Cylinder friction surface 18 Circuit 18a Electric circuit 20 Wire 22 Wire 24 Resistance 26 Power supply 28 Control device 30 Wire 32 Device 34 Lubrication conduit 36 Crankshaft connecting rod