200301341 r 、 1 ^J < ί. r% 1 -ψ ν' 、 玖、發明說明 - -‘ "¥ Κ ' r —平 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於申請專利範圍獨立項的一種可用電加熱的 白熾火星塞以及一種製造可用電加熱的白熾桿火星塞的方 法。 【先前技術】 在德專利DE 197 56 988 C1已發表了一種內燃機用之 可用電加熱的白熾火星塞，它包含一白熾桿，該白熾桿由 一個耐腐蝕之封閉金屬函殼、一種含在其中的塡充料（由 一種不導電之壓密實的粉末構成）及一個埋入該塡充料中 的導電的加熱線圏與調節線圏構成。在此，該加熱線圈的 一端與該金屬函殻的尖端焊接成導電的方式。 迄今習知方式係將加熱線圈之朝燃燒室的那一端設以 數個「對準中心繞組」。然後將這些對準中心繞組插入該 白熾管之燃燒室側那一端的一個相關的孔中。然後，該加 熱線圈在該白熾管之朝燃燒室的那一側與白熾管直接焊接 並因而使白熾管封閉。爲此，一般使用WIG (鎢-惰性氣體 )程序。 這種技術的缺點爲：該加熱線圈之與白熾管焊接的繞 組數目不確定。其結果使加熱線圈的電阻會改變，且因此 該白熾火星塞的加熱特性及溫度也會改變。 如果加熱線圈與白熾管由不同材料構成，則還會有另 一缺點，即：在該白熾管之朝燃燒室那一端上二種不同材 料互相焊接。這點導致該白熾管與加熱線圈由於二種材料 7 200301341 在焊接區域混合，使得其原來的性質喪失。在白熾火星塞 長期操作時，白熾管會在此位置裂開。然後空氣就進入白 熾管。這點使得加熱線圏材料及調節線圏材料氧化，且因 此無謂地造成白熾管報廢。 在歐州專利EP 1030 111 A1發表了一種棒狀白熾火星 塞，它有一白熾管、一個位在內部的加熱線圏（可能有一 個調節線圏）、以及一個通入該白熾管中的端子極。線圈 與該端子極以及與該白熾管尖端連接。有一「安定化棒」 在一道安裝階段中從端子極一直延伸到該白熾管，如有必 要更延伸到該白熾管尖端中的一開口中或穿過此白熾管尖 端。此安定化棒大致設成在中央延伸通過此線圏。 【本發明的優點】 與之相較，具有申請專利範圍獨立項的特徵的本發明 的可用電加熱的白熾火星塞，以及用於製造可用電加熱的 白熾火星塞的本發明的方法的優點爲：設有一封閉手段， 其一邊將該白熾管在朝燃燒室那一側封閉，而另一邊帶有 該加熱線圈，且只對於某種情形才突伸到該加熱線圈中， 在該情形中係將該加熱線圏用該封閉手段經由加熱線圈的 一內側作固定，爲此，該封閉手段在此情形中在其突伸到 該加熱線圈中進去的整段長度範圍中大致倚在加熱線圏。 用此方式，該加熱線圈不直接與白熾管連接，而係間接地 ，經由該封閉手段與之連接。因此該白熾管的封閉過程以 及該加熱線圈與白熾管相連接成導電方向的過程就可互相 分開，如此該白熾管就可不受加熱線圈影響地，利用該封 8 200301341 閉手段封閉，因此白熾管的封閉過程對加熱線圈的電阻沒 有影響。這種電阻可藉著事先（也就是在該加熱線圏放入 該白熾管中之前）將加熱線圈與該封閉手段作確定的接合 而調整得更準確得多，其中在該加熱線圈與封閉手段連接 時只要在加熱線圏與封閉手段之間造成導電式的接觸，但 並不需造成兩者間的密封。 另一優點在於：不需要安定化棒，因此材料與安裝成 本可節省。 利用申請專利範圍附屬項中所述的措施可將申請專利 範圍獨立項的白熾火星塞以及製造白熾火星塞的方法作有 利的進一步改良。 如果將該加熱線圈與該封閉手段利用至少一個確定的 焊接點連接，則所得之加熱線圏的電阻可調整個特別準確 。如果該加熱線圏與封閉手段利用一種連續的焊接縫（ Schweiflnaht)連接，則加熱線圏與封閉手段的連接會更穩 定一些，且該加熱線圈之所調整的電阻的準確度同樣地高 ，藉著將加熱線圈與封閉手段楔合（Verstemmung)，也可 將加熱線圏的電阻調整成確定，其中這種連接技術麻煩特 別少，同時節省材料與能量。 如果該封閉手段用金屬製，特別是用與白熾管相同的 材料製，則特別有利。如果封閉手段由與白熾管相同的材 料製，則在白熾管封閉時，不會造成不同材料的焊合，因 此該白熾管在此區域中在白熾火星塞長期操作中更耐裂得 多，這點對於白熾管尖端的耐腐蝕性質有正面的效果，因 9 200301341 爲白熾管尖端不包含加熱線圈材料的成分，因此本發明的 白熾管火星塞的長期耐久性大大提高。 如果該封閉手段設計成蓋子（Kappe)形式，它將白熾 管在朝燃燒室那一側蓋住且它在朝白熾管那一側包含一隆 起部，該隆起部容納著加熱線圏。用此方式，該熱線圈可 放在白熾管之朝燃燒室那一側的尖端的區域中儘量前面之 處，因此加熱最厲害的點可儘量接近白熾管的尖端。 如果S亥封閉手段在朝燃燒室那一*側有一桿，該桿突伸 到白熾管的一個朝燃燒室那一側的開口中進去並將該白熾 管封閉，且如果該封閉手段在朝白熾管那一側包含一基礎 ，該基礎容納著該加熱線圈，則可得到另一好處。用此方 式，該白熾管可在朝燃燒室的那一側特別簡單地面穩定地 且耐久地封閉。 如果該基礎在朝白熾管那一側包含第一突起，該突起 突伸到該加熱線圈進去，且在加熱線圏之朝燃燒室的那一 端上倚在其內側上。用此方式該加熱線圈的位置可準確地 定出。 如果g亥基礎本身突伸到該加熱線圈中且在該加熱線圏 之朝向燃燒室的那一端倚在其內側上，則也甚有利。用此 方式，可省却基礎上之朝白熾管側的突起的材料。 本發明的實施例在圖式中例示並在以下的說明中詳細 敘述。 【實施方式】 第1圖中，（1)表示一白熾火星塞，它係做成白熾桿火 10 200301341 星塞的例子。火星塞體（85)包含一螺紋（90)以旋入內燃機的 一氣缸頭中。有一白熾管（10)在朝燃燒室那一側壓入火星塞 體（85)中。白熾管（10)在朝燃燒室那一側包含一加熱線圈 (15)，並有一個與加熱線圈（15)連接的調節線圈（95) ’接到 該加熱線圏（75)。白熾管（10)在燃燒室側在加熱線圏（15)的 區域突伸到該氣缸頭的一燃燒室（5)進去。調節線圈（95)與 一根端子銷（100)接觸，該端子銷在火星塞體（85)之遠離燃 燒室的那一端上由該火星塞體突伸出來，且可與該車子電 瓶的正極連接。端子銷（100)與白熾管（10)在火星塞體（85)中 利用一封環（105)密封，以防周圍環境影響。該火星塞體 (85)在遠離燃燒室的那一端上有一個六邊形（Π0)，藉此可 使用一旋轉工具將白熾火星塞旋入氣缸頭中或從氣缸頭旋 出來。有一個雙重密封件（115)將火星塞體（85)的內部在火 星塞體（85)之遠離燃燒室的那一端上密封，以防止周圍環境 影響，且隨後的一個絕緣片（116)將火星塞體（85)與端子銷 (100)絕緣成不導電的方式，該密封環（105)也將端子銷（100) 與火星塞體（85)絕緣成不導電的方式。密封環（105)與雙重 密封件（115)及絕緣片（116)舉例而言，係由一種塑膠或彈性 體構成。利用一個圓螺母（117)或者一種圓插銷將雙重密封 件（115)與絕緣片（116)固定。圓螺母（117)與圓插子可分別螺 合與楔合（verstemmen)或者只作楔合。絕緣粉末塡充料（ 例如由氧化鎂構成者）充入該白熾管（10)中，該絕緣粉末塡 充料使該加熱線圈（15)及調節線圈（95)對該白熾管（10)絕緣 不導電。 π 200301341 白熾管（10)之朝向燃燒室那一側的端側在第1圖中用圖 號（1)表示。此處該白熾管（10)設計成管形，而在遠離燃燒 室那一側利用該端子銷（110)與封環（105)封閉。該白熾管 (10)朝燃燒室的那一側利用一封閉手段（25)封閉。在白熾管 (10)的內部該封閉手段（25)攜帶著加熱線圈（15)。白熾管（10) 用金屬構成。封閉手段（25)同樣由金屬構成。此處，該封閉 手段（25)與白熾管（10)可由相同材料構成。封閉手段（25)與 白熾管（10)之間的接合，舉例而言，可利用焊接造成。該火 星塞體（85)也由金屬構成。用此方式，該封閉手段（25)，該 白熾管（10)與火星塞體（85)構成一種參考電位，例如車子接 地單位。如果該端子銷（100)接到車子的電瓶的正極，因此 一股電流經由端子銷（100)經過該調節線圏（95)與加熱線圏 (15)—直到車子接地端，如此該加熱線圈（15)發熱，並將燃 燒室C5)中的白熾管加熱，俾進入燃燒過程，調節圈（95)的 材料由一種金屬構成，其電阻具有正溫度係數，例如由一 種鈷-鐵合金構成。加熱線圈（15)由一種材料構成，其電阻 要儘量地不受溫度影響。舉例而言，加熱線圈（15)可由一種 鐵-鉻-鋁合金構成。藉著將加熱線圏（15)容納在封閉手段 (25)中，可確保加熱線圈（15)與封閉手段（25)之間的導電連 接。 加熱線圏（15)可利用一個或數個焊接點與該封閉手段 (25)連接。如不採此方式，也可利用一條連續的焊縫將加熱 線圈（15)與封閉手段（25)連接。如也不採此方式，亦可利用 一種楔合（Verstemmung)將加熱線圈（15)與該封閉手段（25) 12 20〇30丄34 i 連接。在所有這三種情形中都可將該加熱線圈（15)之準確定 議之數目的繞組與該封閉手段（25)連，並用此方式造成該加 熱線圈（15)之準確界定的電阻。依第1圖，該加熱線圈（15) 的一個繞組，亦即是其朝向燃燒室（5)的最後一個繞組準確 地與封閉手段（25)連接，而加熱線圏（15)的其餘繞組並不與 該封閉手段（25)連接，因此構成該加熱線圈（15)的電阻。 因此該加熱線圏（15)並不直接與該白熾管（10)連接，而 係間接地經由該封閉手段（25)與之連接。因此，在封閉手段 與白熾管（10)之間用焊接接合時，沒有加熱線圏（15)的成份 存在。 由於此時在封閉手段（2 5)與白熾管（10)之間的焊接接合 沒不含有加熱線圏（15)的成份，因此焊接接合部對於氮化作 用（Nitridation)及腐蝕作用較不敏感，所以在此焊接接合 的區域不會生裂痕，否則這種裂痕還會導致空氣與氣體侵 入白熾管（10)內部，並且還會進到加熱線圏（15)與調節線圈 (95)。因此該白熾管火星塞⑴更耐久得多，且加熱線圏（15) 的電阻亦準確地界定。 當然，該封閉手段（25)也可用與白熾管（10)不同的材料 構成。但它不可含有加熱線圏（15)的材料，以防止在封閉手 段（25)與白熾管（10)之間的焊接接合部中之上述的腐蝕及氮 化的情事。 舉例而言，封閉手段（25)與白熾管（10)之間的焊接接合 可利用一種WIG (鎢-惰性氣體）程序達成。舉例而言，如 果此處用焊接接合的話，則加熱線圏（15)與封閉手段（25)的 13 200301341 焊接作業可利用一種特別精確的雷射焊接法達成，因爲它 在此處特別可造成可靠的導電式接合。 由於白熾管（10)用封閉手段（25)封閉的作業以及上述在 封閉手段（25)與白熾管（10)之間的焊接作業都可與加熱線圏 (15)不相干地達成，因此它們對加熱線圏（15)的電阻沒有影 響。如此，在封閉手段（25)與白熾管（10)之間的各種不同情 形的焊接就不再對加熱線圈（15)的電阻有影響，因爲這些焊 接作用完全被封閉手段（25)吸收。爲此目的，某區域〔在這 些區域中、加熱線圈（15)被封閉手段（25)容納〕完全與另外 某區域〔在此區域中，封閉手段（25)與白熾管連接或焊接〕 隔開。這點對於此處所述的所有實施例都適用。 在第1圖的實施例中，封閉手段（25)設計成蓋子形式， 該蓋子將白熾管（10)朝燃燒室的那一側完全蓋住。該封閉手 段（25)在朝白熾那一側有一隆起部（30)，例如呈一個或數個 栓的形式或一個貫行的環的形式。此隆起部（30)的外側（35) 倚在白熾管（10)的一內壁（40)上。隆起部（30)的內側（45)容納 著加熱線圏（15)。爲此，只要該加熱線圏（30)的最後一個朝 向燃燒室（5)的繞組夾入該隆起部（30)中（這點在使用環形 隆起部時能做得特別好）即已足夠。此外，此加熱線圈（15) 的繞組也可利用一條連續的焊縫或個別的小而確定的焊接 點（例如使用雷射焊接程序）與該隆起部（30)焊接。用此方 式，封閉手段（25)與白熾管（10)連接的區域可如所要求者與 封閉手段（25)中的加熱線圈（15)的容納區域分離。利用第1 圖的設置方式，可使加熱線圈（15)很靠近到白熾桿火星塞 14 200301341 (1)之朝向燃燒室那一側的末端，因此加熱線圈（15)及白熾 管加熱最厲害的點也突伸深入燃燒室（5)中。 在安裝白熾桿火星塞（1)時，首先將加熱線圈（15)以上 述方式將其朝燃燒室那一側與封閉手段(25)連接，然後依第 一圖沿箭頭方向從白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室的那一側隨封閉手 段（25)以及該調節線圏（95)〔它設在加熱線圏（15)之朝燃燒 室的那一端上〕放入白熾管（10)中，直到封閉手段（25)倚靠 在白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室的那一端上。然後將封閉手段（25) 與白熾管（10)連接（例如利用焊接）。 當把封閉手段（25)與白熾管（10)焊接時，加熱線圏（15) 與調節線圏（95)可利用一適當之保持裝置對白熾管（10)呈對 準中心而保持在白熾管（10)之遠離燃燒室的那一端上。用此 方式可避免該加熱線圏（15)及調節線圏（95)與白熾管（10)接 觸，且可使端子銷（10)接在調節線圈（95)的中心。當將封閉 手段（25)與白熾管（10)焊接時，這兩個元件可轉360° ，以 達成一條均勻的焊縫。第1圖中顯示本發明的白熾桿火星 塞（1)的縱剖面圖。在此，該封閉手段（25)以及白熾管（10)可 設計成旋轉對稱。 第2圖中顯示本發明的白熾桿火星塞（1)的第二實施例 ，其中相同的圖號表示與第1圖相同的元件。第2圖中爲 了簡單明瞭起見只顯示白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室側的部段，呈 縱剖面圖形式。與第1圖之第一實施例不同者，在第2圖 的第二實施例中，白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室的端側（20)並不完 全開放，而只具有一個較小的開口（55)，舉例而言，它設計 15 200301341 成孔的形式。在此，該孔大約設在白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室側 的尖端。在此實施例，封閉手段（25)設計成插子形式’其朝 燃燒室那一側有一銷（50)。該銷（50)突伸到該白熾管（1⑴之 朝燃燒室側的開口（55)進去，並將此開口完全封閉。該封閉 手段（25)在朝白熾管那一側有一基礎（60)，其直徑大於開口 (55)的直徑，且容納著加熱線圏（15)。且在此情形中首先也 將加熱線圈（15) —般與調節線圏（95)連接，另一邊與該封閉 手段（25)連接。此外，調節線圈（95)在遠離燃燒室的那一側 —如第1圖所示用端子銷（100)楔合。然後將如此所形成的 裝置沿第2圖所示箭頭方向隨封閉手段（25)先經白熾管（10) 之遠離燃燒室那一側的開口放入白熾管（10)中，直到封閉手 段（25)的銷（50)突伸到白熾管（10)的開口（55)中爲止。然後將 封閉手段（25)的銷（50)突伸到白熾管（10)的開口（55)中爲止。 然後將封閉手段（25)的銷（50)在開口（55)的區域與白熾管（10) 焊接。此外，在焊接過程之時，該白熾管也可隨該封閉手 段（25)的銷（50)〔它放入開口（55)中〕轉360° 。在此可再用 WIG焊接程序。以下其他實施例中也根據此種封閉元件（25) 與白熾管固定的原理。它們不同處只在該加熱線圈（15)利用 基礎（60)容納的方式。因此，依第2圖之第二實施例，該基 礎（60)包含一突起部（65)，突伸到加熱線圈（15)中，且在加 熱線圏（15)之朝燃燒室的那一端上倚在其內側（70)上。在此 ，依第2圖，也只有加熱線圏（15)的最後一個朝燃燒室那一 側的線圈與第一突起部（65)連接。在此，該基礎（60)的直徑 比第一突起部（65)更大，因此加熱線圏（15)的最後一個燃燒 16 200301341 室側的線圈也倚靠在基礎（60)上，且利用基礎（60)將該加熱 線圈（15)完全地與銷（50)與白熾管（1〇)之間所要形成的焊接 部隔開。因此還可防止在銷（50)與白熾管（10)間亦即在封閉 手段（25)與白熾管（1〇)之間的連接部中含有加熱線圏材料的 成分。依此方式可防止加熱線圏（15)與白熾管（1〇)之間直接 地接合’因此可達到上述這種效果所達到的優點。在此， 封閉手段（25)的材料可依第1圖之第一實施例作選擇。加熱 線圈（15)與封閉手段（25)的接合也可一如在第一實施例利用 —個或數個焊接點 '利用一條連續之焊縫、或藉著將加熱 · 線圈（15)之朝燃燒室那一端與第一突起部（65)作捲縮（ Vercrimpen)而達成。 因此’在第2圖中的實施例也可作準確界定之接合， 例如只將加熱線圈⑽之最後—個朝燃燒室那—側的繞組與 封閉手連k ’亦即使加熱線圈（15)的電阻準確界定。當然 ，：^種接σ也可將加熱線圈（15)的一個以上的繞組接合，但 在任何h形都可將準確預設之繞組之準確界定的數目作接 合。在此情形中，在第_突起部上可設螺紋，以將加熱，線· 圈（15)旋合上去。 第3圖顯不第三實施例，其中相同之圖號表示與前面 實施例相同的元件。如上述，在此第三實施例中，封閉手 段(25)與白熾管（1_接合係第2圖的第二實施例相同。不 同處只在利用基礎（60)容納加熱線圏（15)的方式。依第3圖 ，基礎（60)在朝白熾管那—側有―第二突起部（75)，它將加 熱線圏（15)在其朝燃燒室的那—端搭在其外端⑽)上搭住— 17 200301341 定數目的繞組。用此方式可用與在第1圖的實施例相同的 方式容納該加熱線圈（15)，其中依第3圖’該基礎（60)與第 二突起部（75)側面不與白熾管（10)接觸。在第3圖的第三實 施例中，一如在第2圖的第二實施例，該加熱線圏（15)係利 用封閉手段（25)的基礎（60)與白熾管（1〇)隔開，該基礎的直 徑大於加熱線圈（15)的直徑，且該基礎利用第二突起部（75) 圍搭住加熱線圏，在此該第二突起部（75)設計成與第1圖之 第一實施例的隆起部（30)相當。 第4圖中顯示本發明第四實施例，其中相同的圖號也 表示與前面各圖相同的元件。在此，封閉元段（25)與白熾管 (10)之間的連接係用與第2圖之第二實施例相同的方式實施 。其不同處只在利用基礎（60)容納加熱線圈（15)的方式。在 此情形中，一如在第二及第三實施例中，基礎（6〇)的直徑大 於銷（50)的直徑，因此基礎（60)在白熾管那一側完全凸出銷 (50)之外。在此情形中，基礎（60)本身突伸到加熱線圏（15) 進去，且在加熱線圏（15)的朝燃燒室的那一端倚在其內側 (70)上。因此在第四實施例中，基礎（60)擔任第二實施例中 第一突起部（65)的功能，所以可省却用於容納加熱線圏（15) 的突起部。加熱線圏（15)之最後一個朝燃燒室側的繞組倚靠 在白熾管（10)上，但位在具銷（50)的開口（55)之外，因此當 銷（50)與白熾管（10)焊接時，在開口（55)中不會有加熱線圈 (15)的材料一齊進入焊接部，且該加熱線圈（15)用此方式利 用基礎（60)完全與銷（50)與白熾管（10)之間的焊接部隔開。 在第4圖的第四實施例中，舉例而言，該加熱線圈的最後 18 200301341 二個燃燒室側的繞組利用一個或數個焊接點、一條連續的 焊縫、或利用楔合或螺合與該基礎（60)連接。用此方式也可 調整該加熱線圈（15)的確定之預設電阻。在第4圖的第四實 施例，該加熱線圏（15)可設在白熾管（10)尖端區域儘量遠處 ，因此白熾管（10)的最大發熱的點可突伸到燃燒室（5)中儘 量遠之處。 在第5圖中顯示第五實施例，其中相同圖號也表示和 前面實施例相同之.元件。在此該連接手段（25)與白熾管（10) 之間的接合，一如第2圖的第二實施例，其不同處只在利 用基礎（60)容納加熱線圈（15)的方式。在第5圖的第五實施 例中，加熱線圏（15)只有在朝白熾管那一側倚在基礎（60)上 ，因此，該橫截面比銷（50)更大的基礎（60)係與銷（50)與白 熾管（10)之間的連接部隔開，因此當銷（50)與白熾管（10)連 接時，不會由於焊接而使加熱線圈材料的成份進入此連接 部。加熱線圈（15)與基礎（60)之間的連接作用，在此處也係 在加熱線圏（15)的最後一個燃燒室側的繞組上利用一個或數 個焊接點或一條連續的焊縫達成。用此方式，加熱線圏（15) 的電阻可調整到一確定的預設値。在此實施例中也是一如 第4圖的第四實施例以及第2圖的第二實施例，在加熱線 圈（15)與白熾管（10)的側壁之間不設隆起部且不設封閉手段 (25)的突起部。 封閉手段（25)只在某種情形才突伸到加熱線圏（15)進去 ’在這種情形中，該加熱線圈（15)係經由加熱線圏（15)的內 側（70)與封閉手段（25)連接。爲此，該封閉手段（25)在此情 19 形中在它突伸到加熱線圏（15)中的整段長度範圍中倚靠在加 熱線圏（15)的內側上。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一） 圖式部分 第1圖係一本發明的白熾火星塞的第一實施例， 第2圖係一本發明的白熾火星塞的第二實施例， 第3圖係一本發明的白熾火星塞的第三實施例， 第4圖係一本發明的白熾火星塞的第四實施例， 第5圖係一本發明的白熾火星塞的第五實施例。 (二） 元件代表符號 (1)白熾管火星塞 (5)燃燒室 (10)白熾管 (15)加熱線圈 (20)白熾管（10)之朝燃燒室的端側 (25)封閉手段 (30)隆起部 (35)隆起部（30)的外側 (40)內壁 (45)隆起部（30)的內側 (50)銷 (55)開口 (60)基礎 (65)突起 20 (70)內側 (75)第二突起 (80)外端 (85)火星塞體 (90)螺紋 (95)調節線圏 (100)端子銷 (105)密封環 (110)六邊形 (115) 雙重密封件 (116) 絕緣片 (117) 圓螺母200301341 r, 1 ^ J < ί. R% 1 -ψ ν ', 玖, description of the invention--' " ¥ Κ 'r —flat [Technical field to which the invention belongs] One of the independent items of the scope of the invention Electrically heated incandescent spark plug and a method of making an electrically heated incandescent rod spark plug. [Prior art] In German patent DE 197 56 988 C1, an electrically heated incandescent spark plug for an internal combustion engine has been published, which contains an incandescent rod, which is composed of a corrosion-resistant closed metal box,塡 filling (consisting of a non-conductive compacted powder) and a conductive heating wire 调节 and adjusting wire 埋 embedded in the 塡 filling. Here, one end of the heating coil and the tip of the metal box are welded in a conductive manner. So far, a conventional method has been to set the end of the heating coil facing the combustion chamber with a plurality of "aligned center windings". These center-aligned windings are then inserted into an associated hole on the end of the combustion chamber side of the incandescent tube. The heating coil is then directly welded to the incandescent tube on the side of the incandescent tube facing the combustion chamber and thus the incandescent tube is closed. For this purpose, a WIG (tungsten-inert gas) procedure is generally used. The disadvantage of this technique is that the number of windings of the heating coil with the incandescent tube is uncertain. As a result, the resistance of the heating coil is changed, and the heating characteristics and temperature of the incandescent spark plug are also changed. If the heating coil and the incandescent tube are made of different materials, there is another disadvantage, that is, two different materials are welded to each other on the end of the incandescent tube facing the combustion chamber. This caused the incandescent tube and the heating coil to lose their original properties due to the mixing of the two materials 7 200301341 in the welding area. When the incandescent spark plug is operated for a long time, the incandescent tube will crack at this position. The air then enters the incandescent tube. This oxidizes the heating wire material and the conditioning wire material, and therefore causes the incandescent tube to be scrapped unnecessarily. In European patent EP 1030 111 A1, a rod-shaped incandescent spark plug is disclosed, which has an incandescent tube, an internal heating wire 圏 (possibly an adjustment wire 的), and a terminal electrode that passes into the incandescent tube. The coil is connected to the terminal pole and the incandescent tube tip. A "stabilizing rod" extends from the terminal poles to the incandescent tube during an installation phase, and if necessary, extends into an opening in the incandescent tube tip or passes through the incandescent tube tip. The stabilizing rod is generally arranged to extend through the line in the center. [Advantages of the invention] Compared to this, the electrically heatable incandescent spark plug of the present invention, which has the characteristics of an independent item in the scope of the patent application, and the method of the present invention for producing an electrically heatable incandescent spark plug, have the advantages of : It is provided with a sealing means, which closes the incandescent tube on the side facing the combustion chamber, and carries the heating coil on the other side, and protrudes into the heating coil only for a certain situation, in which case it is The heating wire 圏 is fixed by the inside of the heating coil by means of the closing means. For this purpose, the closing means leans approximately against the heating wire 中 in the entire length range which protrudes into the heating coil. . In this way, the heating coil is not directly connected to the incandescent tube, but is indirectly connected to it via the closing means. Therefore, the sealing process of the incandescent tube and the process in which the heating coil and the incandescent tube are connected to form a conductive direction can be separated from each other, so that the incandescent tube can be closed without the influence of the heating coil by using the sealing method of the seal 8 200301341. The closing process has no effect on the resistance of the heating coil. This resistance can be adjusted much more accurately by making a certain connection between the heating coil and the closing means in advance (that is, before the heating wire 圏 is placed in the incandescent tube). When connecting, as long as a conductive contact is caused between the heating wire 圏 and the sealing means, it is not necessary to cause a seal between the two. Another advantage is that no stabilizer bar is needed, so material and installation costs can be saved. The measures described in the appended item of the patent application scope can be used to further improve the incandescent spark plug of the patent application independent item and the method of manufacturing the incandescent spark plug. If the heating coil is connected to the closing means using at least one determined welding point, the resistance of the obtained heating wire 圏 can be adjusted to be particularly accurate throughout. If the heating wire 圏 and the closing means are connected by a continuous welding seam (Schweiflnaht), the connection of the heating wire 圏 and the closing means will be more stable, and the accuracy of the adjusted resistance of the heating coil is equally high. With the wedging of the heating coil and the closing means, the resistance of the heating wire can also be adjusted to a certain level, in which the connection technology is particularly troublesome, while saving materials and energy. It is particularly advantageous if the closing means is made of metal, in particular of the same material as the incandescent tube. If the sealing means is made of the same material as the incandescent tube, it will not cause welding of different materials when the incandescent tube is closed, so the incandescent tube is much more resistant to cracking in the long-term operation of the incandescent spark plug in this area. It has a positive effect on the corrosion resistance of the incandescent tube tip. Since 9 200301341 is that the incandescent tube tip does not contain a component of the heating coil material, the long-term durability of the incandescent tube spark plug of the present invention is greatly improved. If the closing means is designed in the form of a cap (Kappe), it covers the incandescent tube on the side facing the combustion chamber and it comprises a bulge on the side facing the incandescent tube, which bulge contains the heating wire 圏. In this way, the heat coil can be placed as far forward as possible in the area of the tip of the incandescent tube facing the combustion chamber, so that the most heated point can be as close as possible to the tip of the incandescent tube. If the seal means has a rod on the * side toward the combustion chamber, the rod protrudes into an opening of the incandescent tube toward the combustion chamber side and closes the incandescent tube, and if the closure means is toward the incandescent tube One side of the tube contains a foundation which houses the heating coil, and another advantage is obtained. In this way, the incandescent tube can be closed on the side facing the combustion chamber in a particularly simple and stable and durable manner. If the base includes a first protrusion on the side facing the incandescent tube, the protrusion projects into the heating coil and rests on the inside of the end of the heating wire toward the combustion chamber. In this way, the position of the heating coil can be accurately determined. It is also advantageous if the g Hai foundation itself protrudes into the heating coil and leans on its inner side at the end of the heating wire 朝向 facing the combustion chamber. In this way, the material protruding toward the incandescent tube side can be omitted. Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the following description. [Embodiment] In Fig. 1, (1) shows an incandescent spark plug, which is an example of an incandescent rod fire 10 200301341. The Martian plug body (85) contains a thread (90) for screwing into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. An incandescent tube (10) is pressed into the Martian plug (85) on the side facing the combustion chamber. The incandescent tube (10) includes a heating coil (15) on the side facing the combustion chamber, and an adjustment coil (95) 'connected to the heating coil (15) is connected to the heating wire (75). The incandescent tube (10) protrudes into a combustion chamber (5) of the cylinder head in the area of the heating wire (15) on the combustion chamber side. The adjusting coil (95) is in contact with a terminal pin (100). The terminal pin protrudes from the Martian plug body on the end of the Martian plug body (85) away from the combustion chamber, and can be connected to the positive electrode of the car battery. connection. The terminal pin (100) and the incandescent tube (10) are sealed with a ring (105) in the Martian plug body (85) to prevent the influence of the surrounding environment. The Martian plug body (85) has a hexagon (Π0) on the end remote from the combustion chamber, whereby an incandescent Martian plug can be screwed into or out of the cylinder head using a rotating tool. A double seal (115) seals the inside of the Martian plug body (85) on the end of the Martian plug body (85) away from the combustion chamber to prevent the surrounding environment, and a subsequent insulating sheet (116) The Martian plug body (85) is insulated from the terminal pin (100) in a non-conductive manner, and the sealing ring (105) also insulates the terminal pin (100) from the Martian plug body (85) in a non-conductive manner. The seal ring (105), the double seal (115), and the insulating sheet (116) are, for example, made of a plastic or elastomer. A double nut (117) or a round pin is used to fix the double seal (115) to the insulating sheet (116). The round nut (117) and the round insert can be screwed and wedged (verstemmen) or just wedged, respectively. The incandescent tube (10) is filled with an insulating powder 塡 filling (for example, made of magnesium oxide), and the insulating powder 塡 filling insulates the heating coil (15) and the regulating coil (95) from the incandescent tube (10). Not conductive. π 200301341 The end of the incandescent tube (10) facing the combustion chamber is indicated by the figure (1) in the first figure. Here, the incandescent tube (10) is designed in a tube shape, and is closed on the side remote from the combustion chamber by the terminal pin (110) and the sealing ring (105). The side of the incandescent tube (10) facing the combustion chamber is closed by a closing means (25). This closing means (25) carries a heating coil (15) inside the incandescent tube (10). The incandescent tube (10) is made of metal. The closing means (25) is also made of metal. Here, the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) may be made of the same material. The joint between the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) can be made, for example, by welding. The Martian plug body (85) is also made of metal. In this way, the closing means (25), the incandescent tube (10) and the Martian plug (85) constitute a reference potential, such as a car ground unit. If the terminal pin (100) is connected to the positive pole of the car's battery, a current flows through the adjustment wire 圏 (95) and the heating wire 15 (15) through the terminal pin (100)-until the car ground, so the heating coil (15) The heat is generated, and the incandescent tube in the combustion chamber C5) is heated, and the radon enters the combustion process. The material of the adjusting ring (95) is composed of a metal, and its resistance has a positive temperature coefficient, for example, a cobalt-iron alloy. The heating coil (15) is made of a material whose resistance is as unaffected by temperature as possible. For example, the heating coil (15) may be composed of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. By accommodating the heating wire 圏 (15) in the closing means (25), a conductive connection between the heating coil (15) and the closing means (25) can be ensured. The heating wire 圏 (15) can be connected to the closing means (25) by one or several welding points. If this method is not adopted, a continuous welding seam can also be used to connect the heating coil (15) with the closing means (25). If this method is not adopted, a wedge (Verstemmung) can also be used to connect the heating coil (15) with the closing means (25) 12 203030 34i. In all three cases, a predetermined number of windings of the heating coil (15) can be connected to the closing means (25), and in this way the precisely defined resistance of the heating coil (15) can be caused. According to Figure 1, one winding of the heating coil (15), that is, the last winding facing the combustion chamber (5), is accurately connected to the closing means (25), and the remaining windings of the heating wire (15) are It is not connected to the closing means (25) and therefore constitutes the resistance of the heating coil (15). Therefore, the heating wire 圏 (15) is not directly connected to the incandescent tube (10), but is connected to it indirectly via the closing means (25). Therefore, there is no component of the heating wire (15) when the welding means is connected to the incandescent tube (10) by welding. Since the welding joint between the sealing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) does not contain the component of the heating wire (15) at this time, the welding joint is less sensitive to the nitriding and corrosion effects. Therefore, there will be no cracks in the welded area, otherwise such cracks will cause air and gas to invade the interior of the incandescent tube (10), and also enter the heating wire (15) and the adjustment coil (95). Therefore, the incandescent tube spark plug 得多 is much more durable, and the resistance of the heating wire 圏 (15) is also accurately defined. Of course, the closing means (25) can also be made of a different material from the incandescent tube (10). However, it must not contain the material of the heating wire (15) to prevent the above-mentioned corrosion and nitrogenation in the welding joint between the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10). For example, the welding joint between the sealing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) can be achieved using a WIG (tungsten-inert gas) procedure. For example, if welding is used here, the welding operation of the heating wire 15 (15) and the closing means (25) 13 200301341 can be achieved by a particularly precise laser welding method, because it can cause Reliable conductive bonding. As the incandescent tube (10) is closed by the closing means (25) and the welding operation between the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) can be achieved irrelevantly to the heating wire (15), they It has no effect on the resistance of heating wire 圏 (15). In this way, the various welding between the sealing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) no longer affects the resistance of the heating coil (15), because these welding effects are completely absorbed by the sealing means (25). For this purpose, one area [in which the heating coil (15) is accommodated by the closing means (25)] is completely separated from another area [in this area, the closing means (25) is connected or welded to the incandescent tube] . This applies to all embodiments described herein. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the closing means (25) is designed in the form of a cover, which completely covers the side of the incandescent tube (10) facing the combustion chamber. The closing means (25) has a bulge (30) on the incandescent side, for example in the form of one or several pegs or a continuous loop. The outer side (35) of the bulge (30) leans against an inner wall (40) of the incandescent tube (10). The inner side (45) of the bulge (30) houses the heating wire 圏 (15). For this reason, it is sufficient if the last winding of the heating wire 圏 (30) facing the combustion chamber (5) is clamped into the bulge (30, which can be done particularly well when using the annular bulge). In addition, the winding of the heating coil (15) can also be welded to the bulge (30) using a continuous weld seam or individual small and fixed welding points (for example, using a laser welding procedure). In this way, the area where the closing means (25) is connected to the incandescent tube (10) can be separated from the receiving area of the heating coil (15) in the closing means (25) as required. Using the setting method in Figure 1, the heating coil (15) can be brought close to the end of the incandescent rod spark plug 14 200301341 (1) facing the combustion chamber. Therefore, the heating coil (15) and the incandescent tube heat the most. The point also protrudes deep into the combustion chamber (5). When installing the incandescent rod spark plug (1), first connect the heating coil (15) to the combustion chamber with the closing means (25) in the manner described above, and then follow the first figure from the incandescent tube (10) The side facing the combustion chamber is placed in the incandescent tube (10) with the closing means (25) and the adjustment wire 95 (95) [it is provided on the end of the heating wire 圏 (15) facing the combustion chamber]. Until the closing means (25) rests on the end of the incandescent tube (10) facing the combustion chamber. The closing means (25) is then connected to the incandescent tube (10) (for example by welding). When the sealing means (25) is welded to the incandescent tube (10), the heating wire (15) and the adjusting wire (95) can be aligned with the incandescent tube (10) by an appropriate holding device and kept at the incandescent tube (10). The end of the tube (10) away from the combustion chamber. In this way, the heating wire 圏 (15) and the adjusting wire 95 (95) can be prevented from contacting the incandescent tube (10), and the terminal pin (10) can be connected to the center of the adjusting coil (95). When the sealing means (25) is welded to the incandescent tube (10), these two components can be turned 360 ° to achieve a uniform weld seam. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an incandescent rod spark plug (1) according to the present invention. Here, the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) can be designed to be rotationally symmetrical. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the incandescent rod spark plug (1) of the present invention, wherein the same reference numerals indicate the same elements as in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, only the section facing the combustion chamber side of the incandescent tube (10) is shown for simplicity and clarity, in the form of a longitudinal sectional view. Different from the first embodiment in FIG. 1, in the second embodiment in FIG. 2, the end side (20) of the incandescent tube (10) facing the combustion chamber is not completely open, but only has a smaller one. The opening (55), for example, is designed in the form of 15 200301341 into a hole. Here, the hole is provided approximately at the tip of the incandescent tube (10) toward the combustion chamber side. In this embodiment, the closing means (25) is designed in the form of a plug 'which has a pin (50) on the side facing the combustion chamber. The pin (50) protrudes into the incandescent tube (1⑴ opening (55) toward the combustion chamber side and completely closes the opening. The closing means (25) has a foundation (60) on the side facing the incandescent tube , Whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the opening (55), and contains the heating wire 圏 (15). In this case, the heating coil (15) is also first connected to the adjusting wire 95 (95), and the other side is connected to the closure. Means (25) are connected. In addition, the adjustment coil (95) is on the side away from the combustion chamber-wedged with a terminal pin (100) as shown in Figure 1. Then the device thus formed is shown in Figure 2 The direction of the arrow is placed into the incandescent tube (10) through the opening of the incandescent tube (10) away from the combustion chamber with the closing means (25) until the pin (50) of the closing means (25) protrudes into the incandescent tube ( 10) into the opening (55). Then the pin (50) of the closing means (25) is protruded into the opening (55) of the incandescent tube (10). Then the pin (50) of the closing means (25) Welding with the incandescent tube (10) in the area of the opening (55). In addition, during the welding process, the incandescent tube can also follow the closing means (25) The pin (50) [which is placed in the opening (55)] turns 360 °. Here, the WIG welding procedure can be used again. The following other embodiments are also based on the principle of fixing this closing element (25) to the incandescent tube. They The only difference is that the heating coil (15) is accommodated by the foundation (60). Therefore, according to the second embodiment of FIG. 2, the foundation (60) includes a protrusion (65) protruding to the heating coil ( 15), and lean on the inside (70) of the end of the heating wire 圏 (15) facing the combustion chamber. Here, according to Figure 2, only the last of the heating wire 15 (15) is burning. The coil on the side of the chamber is connected to the first protrusion (65). Here, the base (60) has a larger diameter than the first protrusion (65), so the last one of the heating wire (15) burns 16 200301341 The coil on the chamber side also rests on the foundation (60), and the heating coil (15) is completely separated from the welding portion to be formed between the pin (50) and the incandescent tube (10) by the foundation (60). Therefore, it is also possible to prevent the connection between the pin (50) and the incandescent tube (10), that is, in the connection between the closing means (25) and the incandescent tube (10). Contains the composition of the heating wire 圏 material. In this way, the direct connection between the heating wire 15 (15) and the incandescent tube (10) can be prevented. Therefore, the advantages achieved by the above-mentioned effect can be achieved. 25) The material can be selected according to the first embodiment of Fig. 1. The joining of the heating coil (15) and the sealing means (25) can also be used as in the first embodiment-one or several welding points. The continuous welding seam is achieved by crimping (Vercrimpen) the end of the heating coil (15) toward the combustion chamber and the first protrusion (65). Therefore, the embodiment in FIG. 2 can also be accurately defined. For example, only the last winding of the heating coil ⑽ and the side facing the combustion chamber is connected to the closed hand k ', even if the heating coil (15) The resistance is accurately defined. Of course, it is also possible to join more than one winding of the heating coil (15) with the following connection σ, but in any h-shape, an accurately defined number of windings that are accurately preset can be connected. In this case, a thread may be provided on the _th protrusion to turn on the heating and coil (15). Fig. 3 shows the third embodiment, in which the same reference numerals indicate the same elements as in the previous embodiment. As mentioned above, in this third embodiment, the closing means (25) is the same as the incandescent tube (the second embodiment of Fig. 2). The only difference is that the heating wire (15) is accommodated by the base (60). According to Fig. 3, the base (60) has a second protrusion (75) on the side facing the incandescent tube, and it lays the heating wire (15) on its side facing the combustion chamber. Terminal ⑽)-17 200301341 A certain number of windings. In this way, the heating coil (15) can be accommodated in the same manner as the embodiment in FIG. 1, wherein the side of the base (60) and the second protruding portion (75) are not in contact with the incandescent tube (10) according to FIG. 3 contact. In the third embodiment of FIG. 3, as in the second embodiment of FIG. 2, the heating wire 圏 (15) is separated from the incandescent tube (10) by the foundation (60) of the closing means (25). On, the diameter of the foundation is larger than the diameter of the heating coil (15), and the foundation surrounds the heating wire 利用 with a second protrusion (75). Here, the second protrusion (75) is designed to be similar to The raised portion (30) of the first embodiment is equivalent. Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same reference numerals denote the same elements as in the previous figures. Here, the connection between the closed element (25) and the incandescent tube (10) is implemented in the same manner as the second embodiment of FIG. The only difference is the way in which the heating coil (15) is accommodated by the base (60). In this case, as in the second and third embodiments, the diameter of the foundation (60) is larger than the diameter of the pin (50), so the foundation (60) completely protrudes from the pin (50) on the incandescent tube side. Outside. In this case, the foundation (60) itself protrudes into the heating wire 圏 (15), and rests on the inside (70) of the end of the heating wire 15 (15) facing the combustion chamber. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the base (60) functions as the first protruding portion (65) in the second embodiment, so that the protruding portion for accommodating the heating wire coil (15) can be omitted. The last winding of the heating wire (15) facing the combustion chamber leans on the incandescent tube (10), but is located outside the opening (55) with the pin (50). Therefore, when the pin (50) and the incandescent tube ( 10) During welding, the material of the heating coil (15) will not enter the welding part together in the opening (55), and the heating coil (15) uses the foundation (60) completely with the pin (50) and incandescent tube in this way. (10) The welded parts are separated. In the fourth embodiment of FIG. 4, for example, the last 18 200301341 of the heating coil uses two or more welding point windings, a continuous welding seam, or wedging or screwing. Connected to this base (60). In this way, the determined preset resistance of the heating coil (15) can also be adjusted. In the fourth embodiment of FIG. 4, the heating wire) (15) can be provided as far as possible at the tip region of the incandescent tube (10), so the point of maximum heating of the incandescent tube (10) can protrude to the combustion chamber (5 ) As far as possible. A fifth embodiment is shown in Fig. 5, in which the same figure numbers indicate the same elements as in the previous embodiment. Here, the connection between the connecting means (25) and the incandescent tube (10) is the same as the second embodiment in FIG. 2 except that the heating coil (15) is accommodated by the base (60). In the fifth embodiment of FIG. 5, the heating wire 圏 (15) leans on the foundation (60) only on the side facing the incandescent tube, and therefore, the foundation (60) has a larger cross section than the pin (50). It is separated from the connection part between the pin (50) and the incandescent tube (10), so when the pin (50) is connected to the incandescent tube (10), the components of the heating coil material will not enter the connection part due to welding. . The connection between the heating coil (15) and the foundation (60) is also tied here to one or several welding points or a continuous weld on the winding on the side of the last combustion chamber of the heating wire (15). Reached. In this way, the resistance of the heating wire 圏 (15) can be adjusted to a certain preset 値. In this embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment in FIG. 4 and the second embodiment in FIG. 2, there is no bulge and no closure between the heating coil (15) and the side wall of the incandescent tube (10). The protrusion of the means (25). The closing means (25) protrudes into the heating wire 圏 (15) only in a certain situation. 'In this case, the heating coil (15) passes through the inner side (70) of the heating wire 圏 (15) and the closing means. (25) Connect. For this purpose, the closing means (25) in this case rests on the inside of the heating wire 圏 (15) over the entire length of the length which protrudes into the heating wire 圏 (15). [Brief description of the drawings] (1) The first part of the drawing is a first embodiment of the incandescent spark plug of the present invention, the second picture is a second embodiment of the incandescent spark plug of the present invention, and the third picture is A third embodiment of the incandescent spark plug of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a fourth embodiment of the incandescent spark plug of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a fifth embodiment of the incandescent spark plug of the present invention. (2) Symbols of components (1) Incandescent tube spark plug (5) Combustion chamber (10) Incandescent tube (15) Heating coil (20) Incandescent tube (10) The end side (25) of the combustion chamber is closed (30) ) Bulge (35) bulge (30) outside (40) inner wall (45) bulge (30) inside (50) pin (55) opening (60) foundation (65) protrusion 20 (70) inside ( 75) Second protrusion (80) Outer end (85) Martian plug body (90) Thread (95) Adjustment wire (100) Terminal pin (105) Sealing ring (110) Hexagon (115) Double seal (116 ) Insulation sheet (117) round nut