TR2023007415A2

TR2023007415A2 - STAGED CHARGING SYSTEM IN BLASTING OPERATIONS

Info

Publication number: TR2023007415A2
Application number: TR2023/007415
Authority: TR
Inventors: Atlihan Umut
Original assignee: Nitrock Madenci̇li̇k Ve İnşaat Sanayi̇ Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇
Filing date: 2023-06-22
Publication date: 2023-09-21

Abstract

Buluşumuz; sert zeminlerde yapılan inşaat projelerinde veya maden işletmelerinde yerleşim yerleri, altyapı vb. her çeşit risk noktalarına yakın gerçekleştirilen patlatma operasyonlarında, patlatma kaynaklı oluşan sismik dalgaların çevresel yapılara etkilerinin azaltılmasını, bu yapıların hasar görmemesini; özgül şarjı değiştirmeden, patlatma verimliliğini ve üretim hacmini koruyarak patlatma deliklerinin birden fazla ateşleme katmanı oluşturarak bu katmanların farklı kapsüller ile farklı gecikme aralıklarında patlamasını ve bu sayede gecikme başına düşen anlık şarjı azaltmayı sağlayan ve böylece risk noktalarına yakın bölgeler de patlatmanın çevresel etkilerini minimize ederek büyük patlatmaların yapılmasına olanak veren, Patlatma operasyonlarında kademeli şarjlama sistemi ile ilgilidir. Söz konusu buluşa konu olan ``Patlatma Operasyonlarında Kademeli Şarjlama Sistemi?? olup; Üst sıkılama (1), Yemlemeye duyarlı patlayıcı (2), Yemleme (3), Ara sıkılama (4), Delikler arası gecikmeler (5), Yüzey gecikmeleri (6), Ateşleme katmanı (7), Patlatma Aynası (8), Elektrikli Kapsül (9), Kurmalı Manyeto (10) ve Patlatma Deliği (11) nden oluşmaktadır.Our invention; settlements, infrastructure, etc. in construction projects on hard ground or in mining enterprises. In blasting operations carried out close to all kinds of risk points, the effects of seismic waves generated by blasting on environmental structures are reduced and these structures are not damaged; Without changing the specific charge, while preserving the blasting efficiency and production volume, blasting holes create more than one firing layer, allowing these layers to explode with different capsules at different delay intervals, thus reducing the instantaneous charge per delay, thus minimizing the environmental effects of blasting in areas close to risk points, and enabling large blasts to be carried out. It is related to the gradual charging system in blasting operations. The subject of the invention in question is "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations". is; Upper clamping (1), Feeding sensitive explosive (2), Feeding (3), Intermediate clamping (4), Inter-hole delays (5), Surface delays (6), Ignition layer (7), Blasting Mirror (8), Electric It consists of Capsule (9), Wind-Up Magneto (10) and Blasting Hole (11).

Description

TARIFNAME PATLATMA OPERASYONLARINDA KADEMELI SARJ LAMA SISTEMI Bulusumuz; sert zeminlerde yapilan insaat projelerinde veya maden isletmelerinde yerlesim yerleri, altyapi vb. her çesit risk noktalarina yakin gerçeklestirilen patlatma operasyonlarinda, patlatma kaynakli olusan sismik dalgalarin çevresel yapilara etkilerinin azaltilmasini, bu yapilarin hasar görmemesini; özgül sarji degistirmeden, patlatma verimliligini ve üretim hacmini koruyarak patlatma deliklerinin birden fazla atesleme katmani olusturarak bu katmanlarin farkli kapsüller ile farkli gecikme araliklarinda patlamasini ve bu sayede gecikme basina düsen anlik sarji azaltmayi saglayan ve böylece risk noktalarina yakin bölgeler de patlatmanin çevresel etkilerini minimize ederek büyük patlatmalarin yapilmasina olanak veren, Patlatma operasyonlarinda kademeli sarjlama sistemi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin Bilinen Durumu: Patlatma operasyonu maden isletmeciliginde cevher ve örtü kazisi için temel faaliyetlerden biridir. Patlatma faaliyetinin çevresel etkileri arasinda yer sarsintisi, hava soku, tas savrulmasi ve zehirli gaz olusumu sayilabilir. Özellikle açik ocak patlatmalarinda en önemli çevresel olumsuz etki yer sarsintisidir. Yer sarsintisi atim yapilan noktaya çok uzak mesafelerde dahi etkili olabilmektedir. Yer sarsintisi kontrolünde en yaygin kullanilan metot atimlarda yer sarsintilarinin kaydedilerek ölçekli mesafe ile aralarindaki korelasyonu kurmak ve sarsinti miktarini takip etmek üzeredir. Patlatma kaynakli yer sarsintisi incelenirken frekans, deplasman, ivme gibi farkli büyüklükler ölçülür. Ancak genellikle yer sarsintisi parçacik hizi degeriyle karakterize edilmektedir. Parçacik hizinin birimi milimetre/saniye'dir. Degerlendirmeler yapilirken öncelikle sarsinti siddetini etkileyen iki temel büyüklük göz önüne alinir. Bunlar, ölçüm mesafesi (D) ve anlik patlayan maksimum patlayici miktaridir (W). Günümüzde patlatma faaliyetlerin de birincil patlayici olarak genellikle elektriksiz kapsüller, ve elektronik kapsüller, ikincil patlayici olarak kapsüle duyarli emülsiyon patlayicilar ve üçüncül olarak yemlemeye duyarli (Bir kapsülden veya infilakli fitilden aldigi ateslemeyi kendisinden sonra gelen patlayiciya detonasyon yolu ile ileten) kullanilarak gerçeklestirilmektedir. Yemleme emülsiyon tip patlayicidir. Atesleme için gecikmeli elektrikli kapsüller kullanilmaktadir. Kullanilan elektriksiz kapsüller güvenlik ve patlatma verimi açisindan kendisinden önceki elektrikli kapsüllere oranla çok daha basarilidir. Günümüzde en yaygin kullanilan atesleme sistemidir. Elektriksiz kapsüller içerisinde bulunan yanma hizi sabit pyroteknik malzemenin hesaplanabilir yanma süresi sayesinde kontrollü olarak patlatilabilir. Bu sayede elektriksiz kapsüllere istenilen gecikme süreleri verilebilmektedir. Elektriksiz kapsüller ile gerçeklestirilen patlatma operasyonlarinda ilk atesleme için bir elektrikli kapsül kullanilir ve manyeto yardimi ile patlatilir Elektronik kapsüllerde ise kapsül içerisinde yanici bir bilesen bulunmaz bunun yerine patlama süresi istenildigi gibi belirlenebilen bir elektronik çip bulunur. Bu sayede elektriksiz kapsüllerde oldugu gibi üretim sinirlarina tabi kalinmasi gerekmez. Istenilen herhangi bir gecikme kapsüle verilebilir. Elektronik atesleme sistemlerinde ise; patlatmayi baslatmak için verici bir cihaz kullanilir ve kapsüllere patlama emri bu elektronik cihaz sayesinde verilir. Yerlesim alanlari, altyapi vb. her çesit risk noktalarina yakin Patlatma operasyonlarin da patlatma kaynakli olusan sismik dalgalarin çevresel yapilara ve insanlara etkilerinin azaltilmasi, bu yapilarin ve insanlarin hasar görmemesi için önemlidir. Günümüzde birçok alt yapi projesi ve agrega ocaklari yasam alanlarinin içinde bulunmasindan dolayi yer sarsintisi degerlendirmesi önem kazanmaktadir. Bununla birlikte, yer sarsintisi konusu arastirilirken, operasyonel büyüklüklerin frekans degerleri ve sarsinti süresi üzerinde etkisinin olabilecegi göz önüne aIinmaIidir. Günümüzde kullanilan yöntemlerin bulusumuz ile önemli bir farki bulunmaktadir. Günümüzde kullanilan yöntemler daha yüksek sarsinti degerleri meydana getirmektedir. Bulusumuz olusan sarsinti degerlerini esik siddet degerlerinin altina indirmeyi mümkün kilmaktadir. Bulusumuzun temel özelligi sarsintiyi dogrudan etkileyen gecikme basina düsen anlik sarj miktarini kontrol altina almak üzerine kuruludur. Degisik oranlarda sapmalara sahip elektriksiz atesleme sistemlerinde, görece sapma miktari çok daha düsük olan elektronik atesleme sistemlerinde ve yeni nesil atesleme sistemlerinde kullanilmasi mümkündür. Bulusumuz ile özgül sarji degistirmeden, patlatma deliklerini birden fazla atesleme katmani olusturarak bu katmanlarin farkli kapsüller ile farkli gecikme araliklarinda patlamasini ve bu sayede gecikme basina düsen anlik sarji azaltmayi saglamaktadir. Ayni patlatma grubunda patlatilan deliklerin içerisindeki kapsüllere ait gecikmeler atesleme siralamasi ilerledikçe üst üste gelecegi ve birden fazla kapsül ayni anda patlamaya baslayacagindan bulusumuzun uygulandigi bölge, delik içinde kullanilan gecikme süreleri, yüzey de kullanilan gecikme süreleri göz önünde bulundurularak delikler gruplara bölünür. Bu gruplar arasi gecikme süresi elektriksiz atesleme sistemlerinde kapsüllerin ortalama sapma süresi hesaba katilarak belirlenir. Elektronik atesleme sistemleri ile yapilan kademeli patlatmalarda grup gecikmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaz. Grup gecikmelerinin amaci kapsüllerin patlatma faaliyeti sirasinda ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesidir. Anlik sarjin düsürülmesi, olusan sarsinti miktarini da düsüreceginden, bu yöntem ile çevresel etmenlere verilebilecek olasi hasarlarin önüne geçilir. Bu patlatma sistemi risk noktalarina yakin bölgeler de patlatmanin çevresel etkilerini minimize ederek büyük patlatmalarin yapilmasini saglar. Bulusumuzun özellikleri ve bulusumuz ile saglanan avantajlar; Özgül sarji degistirmeden, patlatma deliklerini birden fazla atesleme katmani olusturarak bu katmanlarin farkli kapsüller ile farkli gecikme araliklarinda patlamasini ve bu sayede gecikme basina düsen anlik sarji azaltmayi saglamaktadir. Düsen anlik sarj miktari logaritmik olarak sarsintinin düsmesini saglamaktadir. Bulusumuz patlatma faaliyeti sonucunda olusan sismik enerji sebebi ile ortaya çikan sarsinti sebebi ile ortaya çikan insan tepkilerinin ve çevre de bulunan yapilarin bu sismik enerji ile zarar görmesinin önüne geçmektedir. Ayni patlatma grubunda patlatilan deliklerin içerisindeki kapsüllere ait gecikmeler atesleme siralamasi ilerledikçe üst üste gelecegi ve birden fazla kapsül ayni anda patlamaya baslayacagindan bulusumuzun uygulandigi bölge, delik içinde kullanilan gecikme süreleri, yüzey de kullanilan gecikme süreleri göz önünde bulundurularak delikler gruplara bölünür. (Gruplar arasi gecikme süresi elektriksiz atesleme sistemlerinde kapsüllerin ortalama sapma süresi hesaba katilarak belirlenir) Ayni delik içerisinde birden fazla yemleme kullanilmaktadir. Yeralti patlatmalari için üretilen uzun periyotlu kapsüllerin yüzey gecikmesi ve delik içi yemlemelerde kullanilmaktadir. Bu tasarimda rutin olarak açik isletmelerde kullanilan kapsüller ve dinamitler yetersiz kalabilir. Yeralti patlatmalari için üretilmis dinamit ve kapsüller tavsiye edilmektedir. Yüzey baglantilari ile deliklerin sapmalar sebebi ile ayni anda patlama tehlikesinin ortadan kaldirilmasi için delik gruplari olusturulur. Bulusumuz ile patlatma faaliyeti sirasinda delik içerisinde bulunan patlayicinin ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesi saglanmaktadir. o Anlik sarjin düsürülmesi ile olusan sarsinti miktarinin da düsürülmesi saglanmaktadir. o Çevresel etmenlere verilebilecek olasi hasarlarin önüne geçilmektedir. 0 Risk noktalarina yakin olan bölgelerde patlatmanin çevresel etkilerini minimize ederek büyük patlatmalarin yapilmasini saglamaktadir. Sekillerin Aciklanmasi: Bulusa konu olan; "Patlatma Operasyonlarinda Kademeli Sarjlama Sistemi" ile ilgili olup, ekli sekillerde gösterilmistir. Bu sekillerden; Sekil-1: Bulusumuzun perspektif görünümünün çizimidir. Sekil-2: Bulusumuzun sema olarak görünümünün çizimidir. Çizimlerin mutlaka ölçeklendirilmesi gerekmemektedir ve mevcut bulusu anlamak için gerekli olmayan detaylar ihmal edilmis olabilmektedir. Bundan baska, en azindan büyük ölçüde özdes olan veya en azindan büyük ölçüde özdes islevleri olan elemanlar, ayni numara ile gösterilmektedir. Referans Numaralari: Söz konusu bulusa konu olan "Patlatma Operasyonlarinda Kademeli Sarjlama Sistemi" baslikli bulusumuz ekli sekillerde görüldügü gibi numaralandirilmis olup, bu numaralara karsilik gelen isimleri asagida verilmistir. 1 Üst sikilama 2 Yemlemeye duyarli patlayici Ara sikilama Delikler arasi gecikmeler Yüzey gecikmeleri Atesleme katmani Patlatma aynasi Elektrikli kapsül Kurmali manyeto Patlatma deligi Detayli Açiklama: Söz konusu bulusa konu olan "Patlatma Operasyonlarinda Kademeli Sarjlama Sistemi" olup; Üst sikilama (1), Yemlemeye duyarli patlayici (2), Yemleme (3), Ara sikilama (4), Delikler arasi gecikmeler (5), Yüzey gecikmeleri (6), Atesleme katmani (7), Patlatma Aynasi (8), Elektrikli Kapsül (9), Kurmali Manyeto (10) ve Patlatma Deligi (11) nden olusmaktadir. Söz konusu bulusa konu olan "Patlatma Operasyonlarinda Kademeli Sarjlama Sistemi" olup; Kaya firlamasi, hava soku ve diger enerji kaçagi kaynakli olusabilecek vakalarin engellenmesini ve patlayici kaynakli olusan enerjinin patlatma deligi (11) içerisinde kalmasini saglayan, Üst sikilama (1); patlatma deligindeki (11) her atesleme katmaninda (7) bulunan, miktari uygulandigi bölgeye göre hesaplanmasi ile olusan sarsinti miktarinin düsürülmesini saglayan, Yemlemeye duyarli patlayici (2); patlatma deliginin (11) çapi ve kullanilacak yemlemeye duyarli patlayicilarin (2) türü göz önünde bulundurularak seçilen ve yemlemeye duyarli patlayicilarin (2) patlamasini saglayan, yemleme (3); Her bir atesleme katmaninin (7) birbirinden ayri sekilde patlamasini ve patlayicilarin birbirlerini tetiklememesini saglayan, Ara sikilama (4); patlatma deligi (11) içindeki yemleme (3) baglanan ve patlatma deliginin (11) gruplari içerisindeki baglantilari saglamak için kullanilan, Delikler arasi gecikmeler (5); patlatma delik (11) gruplarinin yüzeyden birbirlerine baglanmasinda kullanilan ve delikler arasi gecikmeler (5) ile patlatma deliklerin (11) ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesini saglayan, Yüzey gecikmeleri (6); uzunluguna göre patlatma deliginin (11) patlayici doldurulmasi gereken metrajinin, düsürülmek istenilen sarsinti seviyesi temel alinarak hesaplanan optimum patlayici miktarina bölünmesi ile elde edilen ve ihtiyaç duyulan sayida üst üste gelip patlatma deligini (11) gruplara bölünerek, patlatma faaliyeti sirasinda yemleme (3) ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesini ve anlik sarjin düsürülmesi ile olusan sarsinti miktarinin da düsürülmesini saglayan, Atesleme katmani (7); Patlatma deliklerin (11) dilim kalinliklarinin ölçüldügü ve atim yönünün belirlenerek malzemenin ötelenecegi yön olan, Patlatma Aynasi (8); Patlatmanin baslatilmasi için ilk patlatma deliginin (11) içindeki kapsülü atesleyerek, patlatma sekansini baslatan ve diger kapsüllerin aksine elektrik enerjisi ile tetiklenen, Elektrikli Kapsül (9); elektrikli kapsülün (9) patlatilmasini saglamak için gerekli olan enerjiyi, mekanik enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dönüstürerek saglayan, Kurmali Manyeto (10) ve Içinin tamami kademeli sarjlama metodu ile doldurulmus, üst sikilama (1) ve ara sikilama (4) islemleri tamamlanarak patlatilmak üzere birbirlerine baglanmaya hazir hale getirilmis olan, Patlatma Deligi (11) nden olusmaktadir. Bu detayli açiklamada, bulusa konu olan; Patlatma operasyonlarinda kademeli sarjlama sisteminin tercih edilen yapilanmalari, sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik olarak açiklanmaktadir. Kaya firlamasi, hava soku ve diger enerji kaçagi kaynakli olusabilecek vakalarin engellenmesi ve patlayici kaynakli olusan enerjinin patlatma deliginin (11) içerisinde kalmasi, Üst sikilama (1) ile saglanmaktadir. Yemlemeye duyarli patlayici (2) ile patlatma deligindeki (11) her atesleme katmaninda (7) bulunan, miktari uygulandigi bölgeye göre hesaplanmasi ile olusan sarsinti miktarinin düsürülmesi saglanmaktadir. Patlatma deliginin (11) çapi ve kullanilacak olan yemlemeye duyarli patlayicilarin (2) türü göz önünde bulundurularak seçilir ve yemlemeye duyarli patlayicilarin (2) patlamasi, yemleme (3) ile saglanir. Her bir atesleme katmaninin (7) birbirinden ayri sekilde patlamasi ve patlayicilarin birbirlerini tetiklememesi, Ara sikilama (4) ile saglanmaktadir. Patlatma deligi (11) içindeki yemleme (3) baglanan ve patlatma deliginin (11) içerisindeki gruplarin baglantilari saglamak için Delikler arasi gecikmeler (5) kullanilir. Patlatma Deliginin (11) içinin tamami kademeli sarjlama metodu ile doldurulmustur. Doldurulan patlatma deliginin (11), üst sikilama (1) ve ara sikilama (4) islemleri tamamlanarak patlatilmak üzere birbirlerine baglanmaya hazir hale getirilmistir. Yüzey gecikmeleri (6); patlatma deliginin (11) gruplarinin yüzeyden birbirlerine baglanmasinda kullanilir ve delikler arasi gecikmeler (5) ile deliklerin ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesini saglar. uzunluguna göre patlatma deliginin (11) patlayici doldurulmasi gereken metrajinin, düsürülmek istenilen sarsinti seviyesi temel alinarak hesaplanan optimum patlayici miktarina bölünmesi ile elde edilen ve ihtiyaç duyulan sayida üst üste gelip patlatma deligini (11) gruplara bölünerek, patlatma faaliyeti sirasinda yemleme (3) ayni anda patlamasinin engellenmesi ve anlik sarjin düsürülmesi ile olusan sarsinti miktarinin da düsürülmesi, Atesleme katmani (7) ile saglanmaktadir. Patlatma Aynasi (8); Patlatma deliklerin (11) dilim kalinliklarinin ölçüldügü ve atim yönünün belirlenerek malzemenin ötelenecegi yöndür. Elektrikli Kapsül (9); Patlatmanin baslatilmasi için ilk patlatma deliginin (11) içindeki kapsülü atesleyerek, patlatma sekansini baslatan ve diger kapsüllerin aksine elektrik Mekanik enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dönüstürerek, Elektrikli kapsülün (9) patlatilmasi için gerekli olan enerji, Kurmali Manyeto (10) ile saglanmaktadir. TR TR DESCRIPTION: STAGED CHARGING SYSTEM IN BLASTING OPERATIONS Our invention; Settlements, infrastructure, etc. in construction projects or mining operations on hard ground. In blasting operations carried out close to all kinds of risk points, the effects of seismic waves generated by blasting on environmental structures are reduced and these structures are not damaged; By creating more than one ignition layer of the blast holes, without changing the specific charge, while maintaining the blast efficiency and production volume, it enables these layers to explode with different capsules at different delay intervals, thus reducing the instantaneous charge per delay, thus minimizing the environmental effects of blasting in areas close to risk points and enabling large blasts to be carried out. It is related to the gradual charging system in blasting operations, which allows the State of the Art: Blasting operation is one of the basic activities for ore and overburden excavation in mine management. Environmental effects of blasting activities include ground shaking, air shock, rock scattering and the formation of toxic gas. The most important environmental negative effect, especially in open pit blasting, is ground shaking. Ground shaking can be effective even at very long distances from the firing point. The most commonly used method in ground shaking control is to record ground shaking in pulses, establish the correlation between them and the scaled distance, and monitor the amount of shaking. When examining ground shaking caused by blasting, different quantities such as frequency, displacement and acceleration are measured. However, ground shaking is generally characterized by the particle velocity value. The unit of particle speed is millimeters per second. When making evaluations, two basic quantities that affect the severity of shaking are taken into consideration. These are the measurement distance (D) and the instantaneous maximum amount of explosive (W). Nowadays, blasting activities are generally carried out using non-electric capsules and electronic capsules as primary explosives, capsule-sensitive emulsion explosives as secondary explosives, and tertiary charge-sensitive (transmits the ignition it receives from a capsule or detonating fuse to the next explosive by detonation) as a secondary explosive. It is a baiting emulsion type explosive. Delayed electric detonators are used for ignition. The non-electric capsules used are much more successful in terms of safety and blasting efficiency than the previous electrical capsules. It is the most widely used ignition system today. The pyrotechnic material with a constant burning rate contained in non-electrical capsules can be detonated in a controlled manner thanks to the calculable burning time. In this way, the desired delay times can be given to non-electric capsules. In detonation operations carried out with non-electric capsules, an electric capsule is used for the first ignition and detonated with the help of magneto. In electronic capsules, there is no flammable component in the capsule, instead there is an electronic chip that can determine the explosion time as desired. In this way, there is no need to be subject to production limits as in non-electric capsules. Any desired delay can be introduced into the capsule. In electronic ignition systems; A transmitting device is used to initiate the explosion, and the command to detonate the capsules is given by this electronic device. Settlements, infrastructure, etc. Close to all kinds of risk points. It is important to reduce the effects of seismic waves generated by blasting during blasting operations on environmental structures and people, in order to prevent damage to these structures and people. Nowadays, ground shaking assessment is gaining importance because many infrastructure projects and aggregate quarries are located in living areas. However, when investigating the subject of ground shaking, it should be taken into consideration that operational quantities may have an effect on frequency values and shaking duration. There is a significant difference between the methods used today and our invention. The methods used today produce higher shaking values. Our invention makes it possible to reduce the shaking values below the threshold intensity values. The main feature of our invention is based on controlling the instantaneous charge amount per delay, which directly affects the shaking. It is possible to use it in non-electrical ignition systems with deviations at different rates, in electronic ignition systems with much lower relative deviations, and in new generation ignition systems. Our invention creates more than one ignition layer in the detonation holes without changing the specific charge, thus ensuring that these layers explode with different capsules at different delay intervals, thereby reducing the instantaneous charge per delay. Since the delays of the capsules in the holes exploded in the same blasting group will overlap as the firing sequence progresses and more than one capsule will start to explode at the same time, the holes are divided into groups, taking into account the region where our invention is applied, the delay times used in the hole, and the delay times used on the surface. The delay time between these groups is determined by taking into account the average deflection time of the capsules in non-electrical ignition systems. There is no need for group delay in gradual detonations made with electronic ignition systems. The purpose of group delays is to prevent the capsules from exploding simultaneously during the blasting activity. Since reducing the instantaneous charge will also reduce the amount of shaking that occurs, possible damage to environmental factors is prevented with this method. This blasting system allows large blasts to be carried out in areas close to risk points, minimizing the environmental effects of blasting. Features of our invention and advantages provided by our invention; By creating more than one ignition layer in the detonation holes without changing the specific charge, it ensures that these layers are detonated with different capsules at different delay intervals, thus reducing the instantaneous charge per delay. The decreasing instantaneous charge amount causes the shaking to decrease logarithmically. Our invention prevents the human reactions that occur due to the earthquake caused by the seismic energy generated as a result of the blasting activity and the damage to the structures in the environment due to this seismic energy. Since the delays of the capsules in the holes exploded in the same blasting group will overlap as the firing sequence progresses and more than one capsule will start to explode at the same time, the holes are divided into groups, taking into account the region where our invention is applied, the delay times used in the hole, and the delay times used on the surface. (The delay time between groups is determined by taking into account the average deviation time of the capsules in non-electrical firing systems.) More than one feeding is used in the same hole. Long-term capsules produced for underground blasting are used for surface delay and in-hole feeding. In this design, the capsules and dynamites routinely used in open pit mines may be insufficient. Dynamite and capsules produced for underground explosions are recommended. Hole groups are created to eliminate the danger of simultaneous explosion due to surface connections and deviations of the holes. With our invention, it is ensured that the explosive in the hole is prevented from detonating simultaneously during the blasting activity. o By reducing the instantaneous charge, the amount of shaking caused is also reduced. o Possible damage to environmental factors is prevented. 0 It enables large blasts to be carried out by minimizing the environmental effects of blasting in areas close to risk points. Description of the Drawings: The subject of the invention; It is related to the "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" and is shown in the attached figures. Of these shapes; Figure-1: This is a drawing of the perspective view of our invention. Figure-2: This is a drawing of our invention as a sky. Drawings do not necessarily need to be scaled and details that are not necessary to understand the present invention may be omitted. Furthermore, elements that are at least substantially identical or have at least substantially identical functions are designated by the same number. Reference Numbers: Our invention titled "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations", which is the subject of the invention in question, is numbered as seen in the attached figures, and the names corresponding to these numbers are given below. 1 Upper compression 2 Charge-sensitive explosive Intermediate compression Inter-hole delays Surface delays Ignition layer Blasting mirror Electric capsule Wind-up magneto Blasting hole Detailed Description: The subject of the invention in question is "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations"; Upper compression (1), Explosive sensitive to baiting (2), Baiting (3), Intermediate compression (4), Inter-hole delays (5), Surface delays (6), Ignition layer (7), Blasting Mirror (8), Electric It consists of Capsule (9), Wind-Up Magneto (10) and Blasting Hole (11). The subject of the invention in question is "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations"; Upper tightening (1), which prevents incidents that may occur due to rock flying, air shock and other energy leakage and ensures that the energy generated by the explosive remains within the blast hole (11); Lure-sensitive explosive (2), which is located in each ignition layer (7) in the blast hole (11), allowing the amount of concussion to be reduced by calculating the amount according to the area where it is applied; baiting (3), which is selected by taking into account the diameter of the blast hole (11) and the type of baiting-sensitive explosives (2) to be used, and which ensures the explosion of the baiting-sensitive explosives (2); Intermediate compression (4), which ensures that each ignition layer (7) explodes separately from each other and that the explosives do not trigger each other; Inter-hole delays (5), which are connected to the feed (3) in the blast hole (11) and used to provide connections within the groups of the blast hole (11); Surface delays (6), which are used to connect groups of blast holes (11) to each other from the surface and prevent the blast holes (11) from exploding simultaneously, with inter-hole delays (5); According to its length, the length of the blast hole (11) required to be filled with explosives is obtained by dividing it by the optimum amount of explosive calculated based on the level of shaking desired to be reduced, and the required number of overlapping and dividing the blast hole (11) into groups, feeding (3) at the same time during the blasting activity. Ignition layer (7), which prevents explosion and reduces the amount of concussion caused by reducing the instantaneous charge; Blasting Mirror (8), where the slice thickness of the blast holes (11) is measured and the direction of the shot is determined, which is the direction in which the material will be shifted; Electric Capsule (9), which initiates the detonation sequence by igniting the capsule inside the first detonation hole (11) to initiate the detonation and, unlike other capsules, is triggered by electrical energy; Wind-Up Magneto (10), which provides the energy required to explode the electric capsule (9) by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and its entire interior is filled with the gradual charging method, the upper tightening (1) and intermediate tightening (4) processes are completed and they are connected to each other for detonation. It consists of the blast hole (11), which has been made ready. In this detailed explanation, the subject of the invention; Preferred embodiments of the gradual charging system in blasting operations are explained only for a better understanding of the subject. Preventing incidents that may occur due to rock flying, air shock and other energy leakage and keeping the energy generated by the explosive within the blast hole (11) is ensured by Upper tightening (1). The amount of detonation sensitive explosive (2) located in each ignition layer (7) in the blast hole (11) is reduced by calculating its amount according to the region where it is applied, thus reducing the amount of concussion. The diameter of the blast hole (11) and the type of bait-sensitive explosives (2) to be used are selected by taking into consideration, and the explosion of the bait-sensitive explosives (2) is ensured by baiting (3). Intermediate clamping (4) ensures that each ignition layer (7) explodes separately from each other and that the explosives do not trigger each other. Inter-hole delays (5) are used to ensure the connections of the feed (3) in the blast hole (11) and the groups inside the blast hole (11). The entire interior of the Blasting Hole (11) is filled with the gradual charging method. The filled blast hole (11) has been made ready to be connected to each other for blasting by completing the upper tightening (1) and intermediate tightening (4) processes. Surface delays (6); It is used to connect the blast hole (11) groups to each other from the surface and prevents the holes from exploding simultaneously with the delays (5) between the holes. According to its length, the length of the blast hole (11) required to be filled with explosives is obtained by dividing it by the optimum amount of explosive calculated based on the level of shaking desired to be reduced, and the required number of overlapping and dividing the blast hole (11) into groups, feeding (3) at the same time during the blasting activity. Preventing the explosion of the device and reducing the amount of shaking caused by reducing the instantaneous charge is provided by the ignition layer (7). Explosion Mirror (8); It is the direction in which the slice thickness of the blast holes (11) is measured and the shot direction is determined and the material will be shifted. Electric Capsule (9); The energy required to detonate the Electric capsule (9) is provided by the Wind-Up Magneto (10) by igniting the capsule inside the first blast hole (11), which initiates the detonation sequence and, unlike other capsules, converts electrical mechanical energy into electrical energy. TR TR

Claims

1.STEMS . The subject of the invention in question is "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations"; Upper tightening (1), which prevents incidents that may occur due to rock flying, air shock and other energy leakage and ensures that the energy generated by the explosive remains within the blast hole (11); Lure-sensitive explosive (2), which is located in each ignition layer (7) in the blast hole (11), allowing the amount of concussion to be reduced by calculating the amount according to the area where it is applied; baiting (3), which is selected by taking into account the diameter of the blast hole (11) and the type of baiting-sensitive explosives (2) to be used, and which ensures the explosion of the baiting-sensitive explosives (2); Intermediate compression (4), which ensures that each ignition layer (7) explodes separately from each other and that the explosives do not trigger each other; Inter-hole delays (5), which are connected to the feed (3) in the blast hole (11) and used to provide connections within the groups of the blast hole (11); Surface delays (6), which are used to connect groups of blast holes (11) to each other from the surface and prevent the blast holes (11) from exploding simultaneously, with inter-hole delays (5); According to its length, the length of the blast hole (11) required to be filled with explosives is obtained by dividing it by the optimum amount of explosive calculated based on the level of shaking desired to be reduced, and the required number of overlapping and dividing the blast hole (11) into groups, feeding (3) at the same time during the blasting activity. Ignition layer (7), which prevents explosion and reduces the amount of concussion caused by reducing the instantaneous charge; Blasting Mirror (8), where the slice thickness of the blast holes (11) is measured and the direction of the shot is determined, which is the direction in which the material will be shifted; Electric Capsule (9), which initiates the detonation sequence by igniting the capsule inside the first detonation hole (11) to initiate the detonation and, unlike other capsules, is triggered by electrical energy; Wind-Up Magneto (10), which provides the energy required to explode the electric capsule (9) by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, and its entire interior is filled with the gradual charging method, the upper tightening (1) and intermediate tightening (4) processes are completed and they are connected to each other for detonation. It is characterized by the fact that it contains a ready-made Blast Hole (11). . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains an upper clamping (1) that prevents incidents that may occur due to rock flying, air shock and other energy leakage and ensures that the energy generated by the explosive remains within the blast hole (11). . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by containing a bait-sensitive explosive (2) located in each ignition layer (7) in the blast hole (11), which reduces the amount of concussion caused by calculating the amount according to the area where it is applied. . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains bait (3), which is selected by taking into account the diameter of the blast hole (11) and the type of bait-sensitive explosives (2) to be used, and which ensures the explosion of the bait-sensitive explosives (2). . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by containing an intermediate compression (4) that ensures that each ignition layer (7) explodes separately from each other and that the explosives do not trigger each other. . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains inter-hole delays (5) that connect the feed (3) in the blast hole (11) and ensure the connections of the groups inside the blast hole (11). . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains a Blasting Hole (11), whose entire interior is filled with the upper compression (1) and intermediate compression (4) processes with the gradual charging method and made ready to be connected to each other for blasting. . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains inter-hole delays (5), which are used to connect the groups of the blast hole (11) to each other from the surface, and surface delays (6), which prevent the holes from exploding simultaneously. . It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; According to its length, the length of the blast hole (11) that needs to be filled with explosives is obtained by dividing it by the optimum amount of explosive, calculated based on the level of shaking desired to be reduced, and by dividing the blast hole (11) into groups by overlapping the required number, the feeding (3) during the blasting activity is the same. It is characterized by containing an ignition layer (7), which prevents instantaneous explosion and reduces the amount of shock caused by reducing the instantaneous charge. 10.It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that it contains a Blasting Mirror (8) in which the slice thickness of the blast holes (11) is measured and the direction of the shot is determined, which is the direction in which the material will be shifted. 11.It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by containing an Electric Capsule (9), which initiates the blasting sequence by igniting the capsule inside the first blasting hole (11) to initiate the blasting and, unlike other capsules, is triggered by electrical energy. 12.It is a "Gradual Charging System in Blasting Operations" in accordance with Claim 1 and its feature is; It is characterized by containing a Wind-Up Magneto (10), which provides the energy required for the explosion of the Electric capsule (9) by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. TR TR