TR202011455A2 - A loading and unloading system for form grinders - Google Patents

A loading and unloading system for form grinders Download PDF

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Publication number
TR202011455A2
TR202011455A2 TR2020/11455A TR202011455A TR202011455A2 TR 202011455 A2 TR202011455 A2 TR 202011455A2 TR 2020/11455 A TR2020/11455 A TR 2020/11455A TR 202011455 A TR202011455 A TR 202011455A TR 202011455 A2 TR202011455 A2 TR 202011455A2
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TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
loading
magazine
unloading
parts
holder
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TR2020/11455A
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Turkish (tr)
Inventor
Di̇zdar Cem
Original Assignee
Selsa Oezel Makina Imalati Ve Yan Sanayi Ltd Sirketi
Selsa Otomoti̇v Sanayi̇ Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇
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Priority to TR2020/11455A priority Critical patent/TR202011455A2/en
Publication of TR202011455A2 publication Critical patent/TR202011455A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2021/050573 priority patent/WO2022019864A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/005Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/18Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work
    • B24B5/307Means for supporting work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/313Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving work-supporting means carrying several workpieces to be operated on in succession
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/35Accessories
    • B24B5/355Feeding means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/18Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work
    • B24B5/22Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work for grinding cylindrical surfaces, e.g. on bolts
    • B24B5/225Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centreless means for supporting, guiding, floating or rotating work for grinding cylindrical surfaces, e.g. on bolts for mass articles

Abstract

Buluş, form taşlama makinalarına ilişkin bir yükleme ve tahliye sistemi (1) ile ilgilidir. Daha belirgin olarak mevcut buluş, özellikle çapları 2-6 mm boyları 10-60 mm arasında olan hassas silindirik iş parçalarının (80) taşlama makinasında (50) işlem görmeden önce yüzey kontrolünü sağlayarak parçaların ters veya düz olma durumlarını belirleyen, gelen iş parçasının (80) ters olması durumunda döner parça tutucu (31) yardımıyla 180 derece döndürülmesini sağlayarak taşlama makinasına (50) düz bir şekilde yerleştirilmesini garantileyen, özel magazin (40) yapısı sayesinde parça tutucunun (31) getirdiği parçaların üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diğer parçanın otomatikman taşlama işleminin gerçekleşeceği konuma yüklenmesini sağlayan, böylece parçaların yükleme ve tahliyesini aynı anda gerçekleştirerek yükleme-boşaltma sürelerini minimize eden esnek otomasyonlu bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemi (1) ile ilgilidir.The invention relates to a loading and unloading system (1) for form grinders. More specifically, the present invention provides the surface control of precision cylindrical workpieces (80) with diameters of 2-6 mm and lengths of 10-60 mm before being processed in the grinding machine (50), which determines the reverse or flatness of the parts (80) ) in case of reverse, it ensures that the parts brought by the part holder (31) are stacked on top of each other thanks to the special magazine (40) structure, which ensures that the grinding machine (50) is rotated 180 degrees with the help of the rotating part holder (31) and the other part is discharged. It is about a flexible automated part loading and unloading system (1) that automatically loads the grinding process to the location where it will take place, thus minimizing the loading and unloading times by performing the loading and unloading of the parts at the same time.

Description

TARIFNAME FORM TASLAMA MAKINALARINA ILISKIN BIR YÜKLEME VE TAHLIYE SISTEMI Teknik Alan Bulus, form taslama makinalarina iliskin bir yükleme ve tahliye sistemi ile ilgilidir. Daha belirgin olarak mevcut bulus, özellikle çaplari 2-6 mm, boylari 10-60 mm arasinda olan hassas silindirik is parçalarinin taslama makinasinda islem görmeden önce yüzey kontrolünü saglayarak parçalarin ters veya düz olma durumlarini belirleyen, gelen is parçasinin ters olmasi durumunda döner parça tutucu yardimiyla 180 derece döndürülmesini saglayarak taslama makinasina düz bir sekilde yerlestirilmesini garantileyen, özel magazin yapisi sayesinde parça tutucunun getirdigi parçalarin üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diger parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yüklenmesini saglayan, böylece parçalarin yükleme ve tahliyesini ayni anda gerçeklestirerek yükleme-bosaltma sürelerini minimize eden esnek otomasyonlu bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin Bilinen Durumu Geleneksel form taslama makinalarinda ve yöntemlerinde operatörler islenecek parçalari tek tek taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yerlestirmektedir. Sevk tasi ve kesme tasi arasinda taslama islemine tutulacak parçanin bu iki tas arasina yerlestirilmesi sirasinda yasanacak herhangi bir dikkatsizlik ve yanlis hareket sonucunda operatörün is kazasi geçirme ihtimali oldukça yüksektir. Ayrica, insan hatasina açik bir sistem ve yöntem oldugundan, parçanin basit bir dikkatsizlik sonucu makinaya ters yerlestirilmesi durumunda makina ve sistemde büyük hasarlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Dahasi, geleneksel form taslama makinalarinda islenen parça tahliye edilirken islenecek parçanin yüklenmesi es zamanli gerçeklesmemektedir. Arada kaybedilen zaman, üretimde verimin düsmesine daha da kötüsü sistemin fazladan çalisarak gereksiz enerji tüketmesine sebep olmaktadir. Bu durum, operatör ile taslama makinasi arasinda dogrudan bir temas gerektirmeyerek yasanabilecek is kazasi ihtimalini minimuma indiren, parçalarin makinaya düz bir sekilde yerlestirilmesini ve yükleme-taliye süresinin minimize edilmesini mümkün kilarak hassas form taslama makinasinin verimindeki artisi garantileyen bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemine olan ihtiyaci ortaya koymaktadir. US2859646A nolu patent dokümaninda 'Rulo sekillendirme makinalari için besleme ve bosaltma mekanizmasi' bulus basligi altinda bahsedilen sistemde dikey besleme olugu boyunca is parçalarinin magazinden makinaya beslenmesi saglanmaktadir. Ancak, söz konusu sistem, taslama makinesine uygulanabilecek bir sistem degildir. Içerisindeki mekanizma ile tasin ayni alanda konstrüksiyon edilmesi neredeyse imkansizdir. Sistemin uygulanabilirligi olmasi durumda dahi ek itme çekme manipülatörleri eklenmesi gerekecektir, bu da diger sistemler gibi tezgah verimliligini olumsuz yönde etkileyecektir. Sonuç olarak, operatör ile taslama makinasi arasinda dogrudan bir temas gerektirmeyerek yasanabilecek is kazasi ihtimalini minimuma indirecek, parçalarin makinaya düz bir sekilde yerlestirilmesini ve yükleme-taliye süresinin minimize edilmesini saglayarak hassas form taslama makinasinin verimindeki artisi garantileyecek bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemine olan ihtiyaç, mevcut bulus konusu çözümün ortaya çikmasina sebep olmustur. Bulusun Amaci ve Kisa Açiklamasi Mevcut bulusun amaci, özellikle çaplari 2-6 mm boylari 10-60 mm arasinda olan hassas silindirik is parçalarinin taslama makinasinda islem görmeden önce yüzey kontrolünü saglayarak parçalarin ters veya düz olma durumlarini belirleyen, gelen parçanin ters olmasi durumunda döner tutucu yardimiyla 180 derece döndürülmesini saglayarak makinaya düz bir sekilde yerlestirilmesini garantileyen, özel magazin yapisi sayesinde tutucunun getirdigi parçalarin üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diger parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yüklenmesini saglayan, böylece parçalarin yükleme ve tahliyesini ayni anda gerçeklestirerek yükleme-bosaltma sürelerini minimize eden esnek otomasyonlu bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemi ortaya koymaktir. Bulusun amaci, yüksek hassasiyetle islenen belli ölçü araliklarindaki silindirik parçalarin üretim proseslerinden biri olan hassas form taslama islem süresini minimum seviyeye indirmeyi saglamaktir. Bulusun bir baska amaci, parçalarin sarsaktan (dizici, dairesel dizici Vibratör) otomatikman makinaya yüklenmesini saglayarak geleneksel yöntemde operatör tarafindan parçalarin tek tek makinaya konmasi durumunda olusan is kazasi yasanma riskinin ortadan kaldirilmasini saglamak, böylece firma içerisinde yasanan is kazalarini minimum düzeye indirmektir. Geleneksel yöntemde operatör her bir parçayi tek tek taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yerlestirdiginden makinayla dogrudan bir temas söz konusu olmaktadir. Oysa mevcut bulusumuzda, geleneksel yöntemin aksine operatörün dolayli olarak makinayla temas saglamasi (parçalari sarsak üzerine dökmesi) yeterli olmaktadir. Bulusun bir baska amaci, ters-düz IV kamera ile parçanin düz mü ters mi oldugu kontrol edilerek ve ters olmasi durumunda tutucu ile 180 derece döndürülmesi saglanarak parçanin ters yerlestirme ihtimali sifira indirgenmektedir. Geleneksel yöntemde operatör tarafindan ters konabilecek bir parça makinaya ve teçhizata çok büyük zararlar verebilmektedir. Bulusun bir baska amaci, sarsak içerisine dökülen parçalarin hiçbir sekilde disardan müdahaleye gerek olmaksizin yüklemeden tahliyeye kadar tüm islemleri otomatik olarak bulus ile tamamlamasi, bu sayede zamandan tasarruf saglayip operatörün ayni zamanda birkaç makine ile ilgilenmesine olanak vermesidir. Böylece, firmanin hem zamandan hem de operatörden kazanç saglamasidir. Bulusun bir baska amaci, sisteme entegre edilen özel magazin yapisi sayesinde islenecek parçalarin birinin tahliyesi saglanirken digerinin yüklemesinin es zamanli gerçeklesmesi saglanarak zamandan yüksek oranda tasarruf etmektir. Bulusun bir baska amaci, form taslama sistemine entegre edilen otomatik besleme ve tahliye konveyör sistemleri sayesinde üretim verimliliginde artis saglamaktir. Bulusun bir baska amaci seri üretimde islem yapan her form taslama tezgahina istendigi taktirde beraber çalismasi saglanacak sekilde entegre edilebilir bir yapi sunmaktir. Form taslama makinalarina entegre edilebilen bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemi olup, is parçasi yükleme-tahliye sürelerini minimize etmek üzere; yari mamul haldeki is parçalarinin üst üste dizilmesini ve böylece islenen parça tahliye edilirken siradaki islenecek parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yüklenmesini saglayan bir magazin yapisi içermektedir. Islem sirasinda operatör ile taslama makinasi arasinda dogrudan bir etkilesim olmasinin önüne geçmek üzere; - besleme konveyörü, parça yokken sarsagin otomatik çalismasini ve bu sayede yeni parçanin gelmesini saglayan birinci parça-varlik sensörü bilesenlerine haiz olan ve sarsaktan gelen is parçalarinin sisteme beslenmesini saglayan bir besleme ünitesi, - bahsedilen besleme ünitesi (10) vasitasiyla gelen parçayi kavrayan bir parça tutucu, bahsedilen parça tutucu ile kavranan is parçasinin istenilen konuma tasinarak bahsedilen magazine yerlestirilmesine olanak veren araba, bahsedilen arabanin x ve 2 eksenlerinde hareket etmesini mümkün kilan kizak ve yükleme pistonu yapilarini içeren bir magazine yükleme ünitesi, - taslama makinasinda form taslama islemi tamamlanan parçanin magazinden uzaklastirilmasini saglayan bir itici pim, bahsedilen itici pimin hareketini saglayan bir tahliye pistonu, magazinden uzaklastirilan islenmis is parçasinin sistemden tamamen tahliyesini bilesenlerini içermektedir. Söz konusu magazin, parça yokken pistonlarin devreye girerek parça tutucu yardimiyla yeni parça alma isleminin gerçeklesmesini saglayan bir ikinci parça-varlik sensörü içermektedir. Form taslama islemi gerçeklesecek silindirik is parçalarinin asimetrik yapilar olmasi durumunda, parçalarin taslama makinasina ters yerlestirilmesini önlemek üzere; - parça tutucu tarafindan kavranan parçanin düz-ters kontrolünü saglayan bir kamera ve - kameradan gelen veriye göre gerektiginde bahsedilen parça tutucunun z ekseni etrafinda 180 derece döndürülmesini saglayan döner pnömatik silindir içermektedir. Sekillerin Kisa Açiklamasi Sekil 1'de bulus konusu parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemine ait bir perspektif görünüm verilmektedir. Sekil 2a'da parça besleme ünitesine ve parça yükleme ünitesine ait bir perspektif bir görünüm verilmektedir. Sekil 2b'de parça besleme ünitesine ve parça yükleme ünitesine ait yakinlastirilmis bir perspektif bir görünüm verilmektedir. Besleme konveyörü üzerinde gelen parçanin magazine tasinmak üzere parça yükleme sistemine ait tutucu tarafindan kavrandigi bir ana iliskindir. Sekil 3a'da parça yükleme ünitesine ve parça tahliye ünitesine ait bir perspektif görünüm verilmektedir. Sekil 3b'de parça yükleme ünitesine ve parça tahliye ünitesine ait yakinlastirilmis bir perspektif görünüm verilmektedir. Besleme konveyöründen alinan parçanin tutucu vasitasiyla getirilip magazine yerlestirildigi bir ana iliskindir. Sekil 4'te tutucunun getirdigi parçalarin üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diger parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yüklenmesini saglayan bir tasarima haiz olan magazine ait bir perspektif görünüm verilmektedir. Referans Numaralari 1. Yükleme ve tahliye sistemi . Besleme ünitesi 11. Besleme konveyörü 12. Birinci parça-varlik sensörü 13. Redüktörlü motor . Kamera . Magazine yükleme ünitesi 31. Parça tutucu 32. Araba 33. Kizak 34. Yükleme pistonu . Darbe emici 40. Magazin 41. Ikinci parça-varlik sensörü 42. Delrin parçasi 43. Arka parça 44. Ön parça 45. Sac parça 50. Taslama makinasi 51. Sevk tasi 52. Kesme tasi 53. Dayama tablasi 70. Tahliye ünitesi 71. Tahliye pistonu 72. Itici pim 80. Is parçasi Bulusun Detayli Açiklamasi Mevcut bulus, özellikle çaplari 2-6 mm boylari 10-60 mm arasinda olan hassas silindirik is parçalarinin (80) taslama makinasinda (50) islem görmeden önce yüzey kontrolünü saglayarak parçalarin ters veya düz olma durumlarini belirleyen, gelen is parçasinin (80) ters olmasi durumunda döner parça tutucu (31) yardimiyla 180 derece döndürülmesini saglayarak taslama makinasina (50) düz bir sekilde yerlestirilmesini garantileyen, özel magazin (40) yapisi sayesinde parça tutucunun (31) getirdigi parçalarin üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diger parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma yüklenmesini saglayan, böylece parçalarin yükleme ve tahliyesini ayni anda gerçeklestirerek yükleme-bosaltma sürelerini minimize eden esnek otomasyonlu bir parça yükleme ve tahliye sistemi (1) ile ilgilidir. Bulus konusu sistem ve yöntem sayesinde sarsaklardan gelen yari mamul haldeki silindirik formdaki is parçalarinin (80) form taslama isleminin besleme, yükleme ve tahliye islemlerinin tamami operatör müdahalesi olmadan tamamlanmaktadir. Böylece, insan kaynakli hata ve yetersizlikler (ters yerlestirme, parça tahliyesinden yeni parçanin yüklenmesi arasinda olusan kayip zaman) elimine edilirken ayni zamanda taslama makinasiyla (50) operatör arasinda dogrudan bir temasin olmasi sayesinde is kazasi riski minimize edilmektedir. Bulus konusu, yöntemin uygulandigi sistem ve bilesenleri Sekil 1'de görülmektedir. Imalat sektöründe yaygin sekilde kullanilan üretim proseslerinden biri olan hassas form taslama makinesine (50) adapte edilebilen esnek otomasyonlu bir sistem olarak ortaya konmustur. Sekilden de görüldügü gibi bulus konusu yükleme ve tahliye sistemi (1); - besleme konveyörü (11), parça yokken sarsagin otomatik çalismasini ve bu sayede yeni parçanin gelmesini saglayan birinci parça-varlik sensörü (12), redüktörlü motor (13) içeren ve sarsaktan gelen is parçalarinin sisteme beslenmesini saglayan bir besleme ünitesi (10), - parçanin düz-ters kontrolünü saglayan bir kamera (20), - bahsedilen besleme ünitesi (10) vasitasiyla gelen parçayi kavrayan ve kameradan gelen veriye göre gerekirse parçayi 180 derece çevirerek düz hale gelmesini saglayan bir parça tutucu (31), bahsedilen parça tutucu (31) ile kavranan is parçasinin (80) istenilen konuma tasinip birakilmasina olanak veren araba (31), bahsedilen arabanin (31) x ve 2 eksenlerinde hareket etmesini mümkün kilan kizak (33) ve yükleme pistonu (34) yapilarini, ünitenin hareketli parçalarinin olusturacagi darbelerin sönümlenmesi için darbe emiciler (35) içeren bir magazine yükleme ünitesi (30), - üzerinde, parça varken bahsedilen magazine yükleme ünitesinin (30) çalismamasini saglarken parça yokken pistonlarin devreye girerek parça tutucu (31) yardimiyla yeni parça alma isleminin gerçeklesmesini saglayan ikinci parça-varlik sensörü bulunan (41 ), sözü edilen parça tutucunun (31) getirdigi parçalarin üst üste dizilmesini ve bir parça tahliye edilirken diger parçanin otomatikman taslama isleminin gerçeklesecegi konuma (sevk tasi (51) ile kesme tasi (52) arasina) yüklenmesini saglayan bir magazine (40) yapisi, - taslama makinasinda (50) form taslama islemi tamamlanan parçanin bahsedilen magazinden (40) uzaklastirilmasini saglayan bir itici pim (72), bahsedilen itici pimin (72) hareketini saglayan bir tahliye pistonu (71), magazinden (40) uzaklastirilan islenmis is parçasinin (80) sistemden tamamen tahliyesini saglayan bir tahliye konveyörü içeren birtahliye ünitesi (70) bilesenlerine haizdir. Tercih edilen yapilanmada bahsedilen parça tutucu (31) döner pnömatik silindir ile kontrol edilmektedir. Bahsedilen magazin (40) yapisi bulusun en önemli birlesenlerinden biridir. Parça tutucunun (31) getirdigi yari mamul haldeki is parçalarinin (80) üst üste dizilebilecegi bir gövde içermektedir. Bu sayede taslama makinasinda (50) form taslama islemi biten parça uzaklastirilirken siradaki parça otomatikman yer çekimi ile asagiya dogru ilerleyerek taslama makinasindaki (50) konumunu almaktadir. Böylece, tahliye ve yükleme isleminde es zamanlilik saglanarak taslama makinasinin (50) bosta (içerisinde islenecek bir parça olmadan) çalismasinin önüne geçilmekte, taslama makinasinin ve bununla iliski sistemin maksimum verimle çalismasi saglanmaktadir. Bulusun tercih edilen yapilanmasina ait magazin (40) yapisi Sekil 4'te paylasilmakta olup delrin parçasi (42), arka parça (43), ön parça (44) ve saç parça (45) bilesenlerine haizdir. Sekilden de görüldügü magazin ön parça (44) ve delrin parçasina (42) açili bir yüzey verilerek magazine (40) is parçasinin (80) yerlestirilmesi sirasinda is parçasinin (80) çapraz durmasi veya dönmesi engellenmektedir. Ayrica, delrin parçasi (42) üzerine bahsedilen ikinci parça-varlik sensörü (41) yerlestirilmis olup sensör aktif oldugunda (parça varken) sistem çalismayacak sekilde programlanmistir. Söz konusu ikinci parça- varlik sensörü (41) aktif degilken (parça yokken) ise pistonlar devreye girerek parça tutucu (31) yardimiyla yeni parça alma islemini yapmaktadir. Magazin (40) yapisi bu görselde belirtilen yapi ile sinirli kalmamakla beraber ayni islevi saglayacak sekilde farkli yapilanmalari mümkündür. Bulusun bir diger en önemli özelligi ise; parça tutucu (31) tarafindan kavranan yari mamul haldeki parçanin bahsedilen kamera (20) (tercihen lV kamera) vasitasiyla yüzey kontrolü (her iki ucu) saglanarak düz mü ters mi oldugunun kontrol edilmesi, ters olmasi durumunda parça tutucuya (31) sinyal gönderilerek parçayi z ekseni etrafinda 180 derece döndürmesinin saglanmasidir. Bunun için parça tutucunun (31) kontrolü tercihen döner pnömatik silindir ile saglanmaktadir. Ancak, parçanin 180 derece döndürülmesi islemi yalnizca asimetrik formdaki silindirik is parçalari (80) için gerekli bir proses olup iki ucu birbirinin aynisi olan simetrik formdaki silindirik is parçalari (80) için bu prosesin uygulanmasina gerek duyulmamaktadir. Bulus konusu sisteme iliskin yükleme ve tahliye yönteminde sarsaklardan besleme ünitesine (10) gelen yari mamul haldeki is parçasi (80) besleme konveyörü (11) üzerinde konveyörün sonunda yer alan birinci parça-varlik sensörüne (12) kadar tasinmaktadir. Parça, birinci parça-varlik sensörünün (12) hizasinda geldiginde sarsagin çalismasi durdugu için yeni bir parçanin gelmesi engellenmektedir. Ikinci parça varlik-sensörü (41) magazin (40) üzerindeki son sirada parça olmadigini algiladiginda pistonlarin devreye girmesini saglayarak parça tutucuyu (31) aktif hale getirmektedir. Aktif hale gelen parça tutucu (31) besleme konveyörünün (11) sonuna gelen parçayi kavramaktadir. Form taslama islemi gerçeklesecek is parçalarinin (80) asimetrik yapilar olmasi durumunda, parça tutucu (31) parçayi aldiktan sonra kameranin (20) açisina gelene kadar parçanin z eksenindeki hareketini saglamaktadir. Aktif hale gelen kamera (20) parçanin yüzey kontrolünü saglayarak parçanin düz mü yoksa ters mi oldugu bilgisini parça tutucuya (31) iletmektedir. Parçanin ters olmasi durumunda parça tutucu (31 ) z ekseni etrafinda 180 derece dönerek parçanin düz haline getirilmesini saglamaktadir. Parçanin yönü dogru (düz) ise sistem bir sonraki isleme geçer. Gerekliyse yari mamul haldeki is parçasi (80) 180 derece döndürüldükten sonra parçanin, magazine yükleme ünitesinin (30) diger bilesenleri olan araba (32), kizak (33) ve yükleme pistonlari (34) (kalem silindirler) vasitasiyla magazine (40) tasinmasi saglanmaktadir. Magazinin (40) özel yapisi sayesinde en alttaki is parçasi (80) taslama makinasinda (50) islem gördükten sonra uzaklastirilirken siradaki parçada es zamanli olarak yer çekiminin etkisiyle asagi yönde kendi agirligiyla ilerleyip taslama makinasinda (50) islem görecegi noktaya yerlesmektedir. Magazinin (40) en altina denk gelecek sekilde konumlandirilan dayama tablasi (53) sayesinde is parçasinin (80) kesme tasi (52) ile sevk tasi (51) arasinda durmasi saglanmaktadir. Taslama makinasinda (50) kesme tasinin (52) ile sevk tasinin (51) y ekseni etrafindaki birbirine zit yönlerdeki belirli devirleri sonucunda is parçasinin (80) taslama islemi gerçeklesmektedir. Islem sirasinda kesme tasinin (52) magazine (40) çarpmamasi amaciyla magazin ön parçasi (44) kisa yapilmis ve kalan kismina sac parça (45) takilmistir. Sac parçanin (45) boyu her taslama isleminde sadece bir adet is parçasi (80) taslanmasina olanak verilecek sekilde ayarlanmistir. Aksi taktirde is parçalari (80) üzerinde istemeyen yüzey çizgileri meydana gelecektir. Taslama islemi bittiginde tahliye ünitesi (70) devreye girer. Taliye ünitesi (70) devreye girdiginde tahliye pistonunu (71) aktive ederek itici pim (72) vasitasiyla islenmis is parçasini tahliye konveyörüne iletir. Ardindan ayni islemler sirdaki is parçalari (80) için de ayni sekilde tekrar etmektedir. Böylece bir parça tahliye edilirken diger is parçasinin (80) es zamanli olarak islenmeye baslamasi ile parça yükleme-tahliye süreleri minimize edilmektedir. TR DESCRIPTION A LOADING AND UNLOADING SYSTEM FOR FORM GRINDING MACHINES Technical Field The invention relates to a loading and unloading system for form grinding machines. More specifically, the present invention provides surface control of precision cylindrical workpieces, especially those with diameters between 2-6 mm and lengths between 10-60 mm, before being processed on the grinding machine, determining whether the pieces are upside down or flat, and in case the incoming workpiece is upside down, with the help of a rotating workpiece holder. It ensures that it is placed flat on the grinding machine by enabling it to be rotated 180 degrees. Thanks to its special magazine structure, it ensures that the parts brought by the part holder are stacked on top of each other and while one part is being discharged, the other part is automatically loaded to the position where the grinding process will take place. It is about a flexible automated part loading and unloading system that minimizes State of the Art: In traditional form grinding machines and methods, operators place the parts to be processed one by one in the position where the grinding process will take place. There is a high probability that the operator will have a work accident as a result of any carelessness or wrong movement while placing the piece to be grinded between the shipping stone and the cutting stone. In addition, since it is a system and method that is open to human error, if the part is placed upside down in the machine as a result of simple carelessness, major damage may occur to the machine and the system. Moreover, in traditional form grinding machines, the loading of the workpiece does not occur simultaneously while the workpiece is discharged. The time lost in between causes production efficiency to decrease and, worse, the system to work overtime and consume unnecessary energy. This situation reveals the need for a part loading and unloading system that minimizes the possibility of a work accident by not requiring direct contact between the operator and the grinding machine, and ensures an increase in the efficiency of the precision form grinding machine by ensuring that the parts are placed flat on the machine and minimizing the loading and unloading time. puts it. In the system mentioned under the invention title 'Feeding and unloading mechanism for roll forming machines' in the patent document no. US2859646A, the work pieces are fed from the magazine to the machine through the vertical feeding chute. However, the system in question is not a system that can be applied to a grinding machine. It is almost impossible to construct the stone and the mechanism inside it in the same area. Even if the system is feasible, additional push-pull manipulators will need to be added, which, like other systems, will negatively affect the machine efficiency. As a result, there is a need for a part loading and unloading system that will minimize the possibility of a work accident by not requiring direct contact between the operator and the grinding machine, ensure that the parts are placed flat on the machine and minimize the loading and unloading time, thus ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the precision form grinding machine. The invention led to the emergence of the solution. Purpose and Brief Description of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to determine whether the parts are upside down or flat by providing surface control of precision cylindrical work pieces, especially those with diameters between 2-6 mm and lengths between 10-60 mm, before being processed on the grinding machine, and in case the incoming part is upside down, with the help of a rotary gripper. It ensures that it is placed flat on the machine by enabling it to be rotated 180 degrees, and thanks to its special magazine structure, it ensures that the parts brought by the holder are stacked on top of each other and while one part is being discharged, the other part is automatically loaded to the position where the grinding process will take place, thus minimizing the loading and unloading times by carrying out the loading and unloading of the parts at the same time. To create a flexible automated part loading and unloading system. The purpose of the invention is to minimize the precision form grinding process time, which is one of the production processes of cylindrical parts within certain size ranges processed with high precision. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that the parts are automatically loaded into the machine from the walker (sorter, circular sorter Vibrator), thus eliminating the risk of work accidents that occur when the parts are put into the machine one by one by the operator in the traditional method, thus minimizing the work accidents within the company. In the traditional method, there is direct contact with the machine as the operator places each part one by one in the position where the grinding process will take place. However, in our current invention, unlike the traditional method, it is sufficient for the operator to indirectly contact the machine (pouring the pieces onto the straw walkers). Another purpose of the invention is to reduce the possibility of placing the part upside down to zero by checking whether the part is straight or upside down with the upside-down IV camera and by rotating it 180 degrees with the holder if it is upside down. In the traditional method, a piece placed upside down by the operator can cause great damage to the machine and equipment. Another purpose of the invention is that the parts poured into the walkers automatically complete all processes from loading to unloading without the need for external intervention, thus saving time and allowing the operator to deal with several machines at the same time. Thus, the company profits from both time and the operator. Another purpose of the invention is to save a lot of time by ensuring that one of the parts to be processed is unloaded while the other is loaded simultaneously, thanks to the special magazine structure integrated into the system. Another purpose of the invention is to increase production efficiency thanks to automatic feeding and discharge conveyor systems integrated into the form grinding system. Another purpose of the invention is to provide a structure that can be integrated into any form grinding machine that operates in mass production, so that it can work together if desired. It is a part loading and unloading system that can be integrated into form grinding machines, to minimize workpiece loading-unloading times; It contains a magazine structure that allows semi-finished workpieces to be stacked on top of each other and thus, while the workpiece is being discharged, the next workpiece to be processed is automatically loaded into the position where the grinding process will take place. To prevent direct interaction between the operator and the grinding machine during the process; - a feeding conveyor, a feeding unit that has the first part-presence sensor components that ensure the automatic operation of the walker when there is no part and thus the arrival of a new part, and that ensures that the work pieces coming from the walker are fed into the system, - a part holder that grasps the incoming part through the said feeding unit (10). - a trolley that allows the workpiece grasped by the said workpiece holder to be moved to the desired position and placed in the said magazine, a magazine loading unit that includes slide and loading piston structures that enable the said carriage to move in the x and 2 axes, - a magazine loading unit that allows the part whose form grinding process has been completed on the grinding machine to be removed from the magazine. It includes a pusher pin, a discharge piston that enables the movement of said pusher pin, and complete evacuation of the processed workpiece removed from the magazine from the system. The magazine in question contains a second part-presence sensor, which activates the pistons when there is no part and enables the process of taking a new part with the help of the part holder. In case the cylindrical work pieces that will be form grinding have asymmetric structures, to prevent the pieces from being placed upside down on the grinding machine; - It contains a camera that provides straight-reverse control of the part gripped by the part holder, and - a rotating pneumatic cylinder that allows the said part holder to be rotated 180 degrees around the z axis when necessary, according to the data coming from the camera. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the part loading and unloading system of the invention. Figure 2a shows a perspective view of the part feeding unit and part loading unit. Figure 2b shows a zoomed perspective view of the part feeding unit and part loading unit. It is related to a moment when the part coming on the feeding conveyor is grasped by the holder of the part loading system to be carried to the magazine. Figure 3a shows a perspective view of the part loading unit and part discharge unit. Figure 3b shows a zoomed perspective view of the part loading unit and part discharge unit. It is related to a moment when the part taken from the feeding conveyor is brought through the holder and placed in the magazine. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the magazine, which has a design that allows the parts brought by the holder to be stacked on top of each other and while one part is being discharged, the other part is automatically loaded into the position where the grinding process will take place. Reference Numbers 1. Loading and unloading system. Feeding unit 11. Feeding conveyor 12. First part-presence sensor 13. Gearmotor. Camera . Magazine loading unit 31. Part holder 32. Carriage 33. Slide 34. Loading piston. Shock absorber 40. Magazine 41. Second part - presence sensor 42. Delrin part 43. Rear part 44. Front part 45. Sheet metal part 50. Grinding machine 51. Transport stone 52. Cutting stone 53. Support table 70. Discharge unit 71. Relief piston 72. Ejector pin 80. Work piece Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention enables the surface control of precision cylindrical work pieces (80), especially those with diameters between 2-6 mm and lengths between 10-60 mm, before being processed on the grinding machine (50), so that the parts are reversed or Thanks to the structure of the special magazine (40), which determines whether the incoming workpiece (80) is upside down and ensures that it is placed in the grinding machine (50) in a flat manner by enabling it to be rotated 180 degrees with the help of the rotary part holder (31), the parts brought by the workpiece holder (31) It is about a flexible automated part loading and unloading system (1) that allows the parts to be stacked on top of each other and while one part is being unloaded, the other part is automatically loaded to the position where the grinding process will take place, thus minimizing the loading and unloading times by performing the loading and unloading of the parts at the same time. Thanks to the system and method of the invention, all the feeding, loading and unloading processes of the form grinding process of the semi-finished cylindrical work pieces (80) coming from the walkers are completed without operator intervention. Thus, while human-induced errors and inadequacies (reverse placement, lost time between part discharge and loading of the new part) are eliminated, at the same time, the risk of occupational accidents is minimized thanks to the direct contact between the grinding machine (50) and the operator. The subject of the invention, the system in which the method is applied and its components are shown in Figure 1. It has been introduced as a flexible automated system that can be adapted to the precision form grinding machine (50), which is one of the production processes widely used in the manufacturing sector. As can be seen from the figure, the loading and unloading system (1) of the invention; - a feeding unit (10), which includes the feeding conveyor (11), the first piece-presence sensor (12), which ensures automatic operation of the walker when there are no parts and thus the arrival of a new piece, a gearmotor (13) and ensures that the work pieces coming from the walker are fed into the system, - a camera (20) that provides straight-reverse control of the part, - a part holder (31) that grasps the part coming through the said feeding unit (10) and turns the part 180 degrees if necessary according to the data coming from the camera, making it straight, the said part holder (31) The carriage (31), which allows the workpiece (80) grasped with the handle to be moved and left to the desired position, the slide (33) and the loading piston (34), which enable the said carriage (31) to move in the x and 2 axes, are used to absorb the impacts caused by the moving parts of the unit. a magazine loading unit (30) containing shock absorbers (35), - a second part-presence sensor on it, which ensures that the said magazine loading unit (30) does not operate when there are parts, while the pistons are activated when there is no part and enables the process of taking new parts with the help of the part holder (31). located (41) is a magazine (40) that enables the parts brought by the said part holder (31) to be stacked on top of each other and while one part is being discharged, the other part is automatically loaded to the position where the grinding process will take place (between the shipping stone (51) and the cutting stone (52)). structure, - a pusher pin (72) that enables the part whose form grinding process has been completed in the grinding machine (50) to be removed from the said magazine (40), a discharge piston (71) that ensures the movement of the said pusher pin (72), the processed workpiece that is removed from the magazine (40). (80) has components of a discharge unit (70), which includes a discharge conveyor that ensures its complete discharge from the system. In the preferred embodiment, the said part holder (31) is controlled by a rotating pneumatic cylinder. The mentioned magazine (40) structure is one of the most important components of the invention. It contains a body in which the semi-finished workpieces (80) brought by the workpiece holder (31) can be stacked on top of each other. In this way, while the piece whose form grinding process is completed is removed in the grinding machine (50), the next piece automatically moves downwards with gravity and takes its position in the grinding machine (50). Thus, by ensuring synchronization in the unloading and loading process, the grinding machine (50) is prevented from operating idle (without a piece to be processed inside), and the grinding machine and the system associated with it are ensured to operate with maximum efficiency. The magazine (40) structure of the preferred embodiment of the invention is shared in Figure 4 and has delrin part (42), rear part (43), front part (44) and sheet metal part (45) components. As seen in the figure, an angled surface is given to the magazine front part (44) and the delrin part (42), thus preventing the work piece (80) from standing diagonally or rotating during the placement of the work piece (80) in the magazine (40). In addition, the second part-presence sensor (41) is placed on the delrin part (42) and the system is programmed not to operate when the sensor is active (when the part is present). When the second part presence sensor (41) is not active (when there is no part), the pistons come into play and take out a new part with the help of the part holder (31). Although the structure of the magazine (40) is not limited to the structure shown in this image, it is possible to have different structures to provide the same function. Another most important feature of the invention is; Checking whether the semi-finished part grasped by the part holder (31) is straight or upside down by providing surface control (both ends) through the said camera (20) (preferably LV camera), and if it is upside down, a signal is sent to the part holder (31) to zip the part. is to rotate it 180 degrees around its axis. For this purpose, the control of the part holder (31) is preferably provided by a rotating pneumatic cylinder. However, rotating the part by 180 degrees is a necessary process only for asymmetrical cylindrical workpieces (80), and this process is not required for symmetrical cylindrical workpieces (80) with two identical ends. In the loading and unloading method of the system of the invention, the semi-finished workpiece (80) coming from the walkers to the feeding unit (10) is carried on the feeding conveyor (11) to the first piece-presence sensor (12) located at the end of the conveyor. When the piece reaches the level of the first piece-presence sensor (12), the walker stops working, thus preventing a new piece from coming. When the second part presence sensor (41) detects that there are no parts in the last row on the magazine (40), it activates the part holder (31) by enabling the pistons to activate. The activated part holder (31) grasps the part coming to the end of the feeding conveyor (11). In case the workpieces (80) to be form grinding are asymmetrical structures, the part holder (31) ensures the movement of the piece in the z axis until it reaches the angle of the camera (20) after taking the piece. The activated camera (20) provides surface control of the part and transmits the information whether the part is flat or upside down to the part holder (31). If the part is upside down, the part holder (31) rotates 180 degrees around the z axis and ensures that the part becomes straight. If the direction of the piece is correct (straight), the system moves on to the next process. If necessary, after the semi-finished workpiece (80) is rotated 180 degrees, the part is carried to the magazine (40) by means of the other components of the magazine loading unit (30), namely the trolley (32), slide (33) and loading pistons (34) (pencil cylinders). . Thanks to the special structure of the magazine (40), the bottom workpiece (80) is removed after being processed in the grinding machine (50), while the next piece simultaneously moves downwards under its own weight under the effect of gravity and settles at the point where it will be processed in the grinding machine (50). Thanks to the support table (53) positioned at the bottom of the magazine (40), the work piece (80) is ensured to stand between the cutting stone (52) and the conveying stone (51). In the grinding machine (50), the grinding process of the workpiece (80) takes place as a result of certain revolutions of the cutting wheel (52) and the conveying wheel (51) in opposite directions around the y-axis. In order to prevent the cutting stone (52) from hitting the magazine (40) during the process, the front part of the magazine (44) was made short and a sheet metal part (45) was attached to the remaining part. The length of the sheet metal part (45) is adjusted to allow only one work piece (80) to be grinded in each grinding process. Otherwise, unwanted surface lines will occur on the work pieces (80). When the grinding process is completed, the discharge unit (70) is activated. When the lifting unit (70) is activated, it activates the discharge piston (71) and transmits the processed workpiece to the discharge conveyor via the ejector pin (72). Then, the same processes are repeated for the next workpieces (80). Thus, while one part is being evacuated, the other work piece (80) starts to be processed simultaneously, minimizing the part loading-unloading times. TR

TR2020/11455A 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 A loading and unloading system for form grinders TR202011455A2 (en)

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CN109129168B (en) * 2018-09-21 2024-03-19 苏州锃道研磨技术有限公司 Automatic feeding and discharging system for grinding workpiece
CN209774189U (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-12-13 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 Loading and unloading device of centerless grinding machine
CN109877681A (en) * 2019-01-21 2019-06-14 深圳市拓野机器人自动化有限公司 A kind of display screen automatic loading/unloading Systems for optical inspection

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