TH79869A - Optimization of Light Activated Devices and Components - Google Patents

Abstract

DC60 Devices, components and methods for the manufacture of photoactive devices, systems and components are optimized for the transformed energy through the process. Improved performance in relation to the equipment, systems and components described above. Generally, the improved performance is achieved by improving the absorption efficiency. Composed of photovoltaic active component (photoactive component) and improved extraction efficiency. Energy from active components One or both of these devices, elements, and methods for the manufacture of photoactive devices. Improved performance in relation to the equipment, systems and components described above. Generally, the improved performance is achieved by improving the absorption efficiency. Composed of photovoltaic active component (photoactive component) and improved extraction efficiency. Energy from active components That one or both of them

Claims (36)

1. A photoactive device consists of: a photoactive layer sandwiched between a first electrode and a second translucent electrode. In this case, the device is configured so that the path of light, stretched to allow illumination into the photoactive layer, penetrates the second transparent electrode. 2. The photoactive device described in Claim 1, where the surface of the first electrode is in contact with the photoactive layer and is in a reflective state. 3. The photoactive device of claim 2, in the case of a reflective surface, is constructed so that light is reflected directly at an angle not perpendicular to the plane of the photoactive layer. 4. The photoactive device consists of a transparent primary electrode, a photoactive composite layer, and a back electrode with at least one primary surface. In this case, the photoactive composite layer is deposited on the primary surface of the back electrode, and the transparent electrode is positioned above the photoactive layer. Furthermore, the primary surface of the back electrode has a reflective surface that reflects light back to the photoactive layer. 5. The photoactive device of claim 4, in the case of such reflective surface, consists of a surface structure designed to reflect light back to the photoactive layer at an angle that is not perpendicular to the thickness dimension of the photoactive layer. 6. The photoactive device of claim 4, in the case where the photoative composite layer has at least a primary population of various nanocrystals properly arranged within a matrix. 7. The photoactive composite layer of claim 6, in the case where the photoactive composite layer consists of a primary population of nanocrystals and a secondary population of nanocrystals appropriately placed in a matrix, bonds the primary and secondary nanocrystals to each other, which are distinct from one another. 8. The photoactive device described in claim 7, where the first and second populations of nanocrystals have mutually correlated type-II energy band gap offsets. 9. The photoactive device of claim 4, in the case where the matrix consists of a conductive polymer, and in the case where the first population of nanocrystals and the conductive polymer have mutually correlated type-II energy band gap offsets. 10. A photoactive device consists of at least two discrete photoactive layers (first and second) sandwiched between the first and second electrode layers, and at least one transparent boundary layer separating the first photoactive layer from the second photoactive layer. These boundary layers are mostly discontinuous from each layer of the first and second photoactive layers. 11. The photoactive device described in Claim 10, in the case where the boundary layer consists of the second and third electrode layers being insulators, the third electrode layer electrically connected to the first photoactive layer, and the fourth electrode layer electrically connected to the second photoactive layer. 12. The photoactive device described in claim 10, in the case of a transparent boundary layer consisting of a transparent conductive charge recombination layer, is electrically connected to each layer of the first and second photoactive layers. 13. The photoactive device described in claim 10, in the case where the boundary layers consist of a transparent conductive charge recombination layer appropriately placed near the primary photoactive layer and a charge blocking layer appropriately placed close to the secondary photoactive layer, such that a gap occurs within either the primary and secondary photoactive layers, along with electrons occurring within other layers of the primary and secondary photoactive layers within the conductive charge recombination layer. 14. The photoactive layer consists of primary and secondary photoactive layers appropriately positioned between the primary and secondary electrodes. The primary and secondary photoactive layers are separated by a recombination layer. This recombination layer is composed of a conductive material and is structured to selectively and primarily conduct electrons from the primary photoactive layer to the secondary photoactive sublayer, while not conducting electrons back to the primary layer. However, it does not conduct electrons from the secondary photoactive sublayer. 15. A photoactive device consists of a primary electrode layer and a photoactive layer, appropriately arranged depending on the primary electrode layer. A secondary electrode layer is appropriately arranged on top of the primary electrode layer and consists of an electron donor material and mostly no electron acceptor material. In this case, the photoactive layer consists of a primary sublayer composed of electron donor material and mostly no electron acceptor material; a secondary sublayer appropriately arranged on top of the primary sublayer consists of a mixture of electron donor and electron acceptor material; and a third sublayer deposited on top of the secondary sublayer contains electron acceptor material and mostly no electron donor material. 16. The photoactive device of claim 5, in the event that at least one of the electron donor material and electron acceptor material has a primary population of nanocrystals. 17. The photoactive device of claim 15, in the event that at least one of the primary sublayers consists of bulk electron donor material. 18. The photoactive device of claim 15 in the third sublayer case consists of a bulk electron acceptor material. 19. The photoactive device of claim 18, in the event that at least one of the first, second, and third subclasses is treated to prevent the mixing of the first, second, and third subclasses. 20. The photoactive device described in claim 18, in the case of sublayers, consists of at least one nanocrystal sublayer and is annealed to prevent mixing with other sablayers. 21. The photoactive device of claim 20, in the event that at least one sublayer consists of a polymer and is treated to prevent mixing with other sublayers. 22. The photoactive device described in claim 15, where at least one of the materials of the electron donor material and the electron acceptor material consists of a conductive polymer. 23. The photoactive device described in claim 15, where the electron donor material consists of a primary population of nanocrystals and the electron acceptor material consists of a secondary population of nanocrystals, where the primary and secondary populations of nanocrystals have mutually correlated type-II energy band gaps. 24. The photoactive device of claim 15, in the case where the electron donor material consists of a primary population of nanocrystals and the electron acceptor material consists of a primary conducting polymer, where the primary populations of nanocrystals and primary conducting polymers have correlated type-II energy band gap offsets. 25. The photoactive device of claim 15, in the case where the electron donor material consists of a primary conductive polymer and the electron acceptor material consists of a primary population of nanocrystals, where the primary population of nanocrystals and the primary conductive polymer have a type-II energy band gap offset that is correlated with each other. 26. The photoactive device of claim 15, where the electron donor material consists of a primary conducting polymer and the electron acceptor material consists of a primary conducting polymer, where the primary and secondary conducting polymers have mutually correlated type-II energy band gap offsets. 27. A photoactive device consists of a back electrode layer, a transparent top electrode layer, and numerous discrete photoactive layers appropriately placed between the back electrode layer and the top electrode layer. In some cases, each of these numerous photoactive layers is isolated from other photoactive layers by a recharge layer made of a different material than the aforementioned photoactive layers. 28. The photoactive device of claim 27, in the case of a recombiantion layer, consists of a conductive metal layer. 29. The aforementioned photoactive device under claim 28, in the case of a recombination layer, is further enhanced with PEDOT-PSS. 30. The method of providing a photoactive device involves the application of a primary surface back electrode layer, the placement of a first-conductive nanocrystalline polymer layer on that primary surface, the placement of a transparent electrode layer over that layer (in the case of the transparent electrode layer, a secondary-conductive polymer is appropriately placed in a nonaqueous solvent), and the evaporation of the solvent to leave the transparent electrode layer. 31. The method described in claim 30, in the case of a secondary conducting polymer consisting of PEDOT-PSS and a nanoquesus solvent, is alcohol. 32. A transparent photoactive device consists of first and second electrode layers that are transparent to at least a portion of the visible light spectrum, and a photoactive layer. In the case of the photoactive layer, at least a population of nanocrystals is included as part of the photoactive layer, and additionally, in the case where the photoactive layer is transparent to a portion of the visible light spectrum. 33. An electronic device, comprising such electronic display which includes a viewing window and a transparent photoactive device as described in Claim 32, is appropriately positioned above the viewing window and is electrically connected to provide an electrical current for the electronic display. 34. The electronic device consists of: an electronic display consisting of a viewing window and a transparent photoactive device as described in Charge 32, appropriately positioned above the viewing window and electrically connected to the electronic display and/or its components so that it supplies electricity to the electronic display and/or its components. 35. The electronic device referred to in claim 34, where a transparent photoactive device is electrically connected to a radiofrequency label that emits at least one or more frequencies related to an electronic display, in order to transmit to the electronic display and/or receive information from the electronic display. 36. Such electronic device as per claim 34, in the case of a transparent photoactive device, is electrically connected to one or more batteries which store energy that is converted for later or does not vary the power supply to display such electronic display.