SU990309A1

SU990309A1 - Device for cleaning roots from soil

Info

Publication number: SU990309A1
Application number: SU813305394A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Дмитрий Стоянович Миринский; Валерий Аркадьевич Фоминых; Аргента Антониновна Титлякова; Наталия Анатольевна Тихомирова; Нина Григорьевна Шатохина
Original assignee: Институт почвоведения и агрохимии СО АН СССР
Priority date: 1981-05-21
Filing date: 1981-05-21
Publication date: 1983-01-23

Description

Изобретение относится к почвоведению, преимущественно к устройствам для отмывки растительных остатков и корней от почвы любого механического состава.The invention relates to soil science, mainly to devices for washing plant residues and roots from soil of any mechanical composition.

Известна установка для промывки загрязненных материалов, преимущественно отходов лесозаготовок, включающая моечную камеру’проходного типа с перекрытием в виде полуцилиндрических дотков с основанием в виде решетки, расположенных поперек моечной камеры и вплотную примыкающих один к другому, механизм перемещения материала вдоль камеры, моечное приспособление с соплами и емкостью для сбора отработанной воды [!}.A known installation for washing contaminated materials, mainly logging waste, including a wash-through chamber with a passage in the form of semi-cylindrical bunkers with a base in the form of a grate located across the washing chamber and adjacent to one another, a material moving mechanism along the chamber, a washing device with nozzles and a container for collecting waste water [!}.

Недостатком известной установки является возможность промывки в ней только крупных и прочных растительных остатков, в то время как мелкие корни при промывке будут разрушаться и теряться со сливом.A disadvantage of the known installation is the possibility of washing in it only large and strong plant residues, while small roots during washing will be destroyed and lost with the drain.

Наиболее близким к изобретению по тех-’ нической сущности и достигаемому результату является устройство для отмывки корней от почвы, включающее привод, плиту основания, моечную камеру с рабочим органом, емкость с ситом, систему подвода воды и удаления суспензии, регулировочную и запорную аппаратуру в системе подвода воды, а также бункер на питателе, снабженный шнеком для подачи материала на сито [2J.The closest to the invention in terms of technical essence and the achieved result is a device for washing roots from the soil, including a drive, a base plate, a washing chamber with a working body, a container with a sieve, a water supply and suspension removal system, adjustment and locking equipment in the system water supply, as well as a hopper on the feeder, equipped with a screw for feeding material to the sieve [2J.

Недостатком известного устройства явля5 ется низкое качество отмывки корней от почвы тяжелого (связного) механического состава, потеря растительной части из-за разрушения корней шнеком при подаче почвы в моечную камеру, а также потеря, мелких корней с неразмытыми крупинками поч¹⁰ вы, что приводит к необходимости ручной домывки и увеличивает общее время отмывки.A disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of washing the roots from the soil with a heavy (cohesive) mechanical composition, the loss of the plant part due to the destruction of the roots by the screw when feeding the soil into the washing chamber, as well as the loss of small roots with uncleaned soil grains ¹⁰ , which leads to the need for manual washing and increases the overall washing time.

Цель устройства — повышение качества и снижение времени отмывки.The purpose of the device is to improve quality and reduce washing time.

₁₅ Поставленная цель достигается тем, что устройство для отмывки корней от почвы, включающее привод, плиту основания, моечную камеру с рабочим органом, емкость с ситом, систему подвода воды и удаления суспензии, регулировочную и запорную ап20 паратуру в системе подвода воды, снабжено подвижной относительно оси моечной камеры сливной трубой, сито снабжено ограничителями его положения в емкости, при этом рабочий орган выполнен в виде мешалки и растирающих элементов, а сито установлено под сливной трубой. ₁₅ The goal is achieved in that the device for washing roots from the soil, including a drive, a base plate, a washing chamber with a working body, a container with a sieve, a water supply and suspension removal system, adjustment and shut-off equipment in the water supply system, is equipped with a relatively the axis of the washing chamber with a drain pipe, the sieve is equipped with limiters of its position in the tank, while the working body is made in the form of a mixer and rubbing elements, and the sieve is installed under the drain pipe.

На чертеже изображена схема устройства.The drawing shows a diagram of a device.

Устройство содержит плиту основания 1, укрепленную на стойках 2, моечную камеру 3, закрепленную на плите основания 1 и выполненную в виде цилиндрического бака с дном 4 и патрубком 5 для подачи воды, расположенным у дна 4 моечной камеры 3, двухстержневую мешалку 6 с полым вал,ом 7, в подшипниках скольжения 8 и 9, проходящим через центр дна 4 моечной камеры 3 и плиту основания 1, втулку 10 с патрубком 11, охватывающую полый вал 7 с зазором 12 между ней и полым валом 7, растирающие элементы 13 в виде тел округлой формы, размещенные на дне 4 моечные камеры 3, сливную трубу 14 с крышкой 15, снабженную упором 16, проходящую через центр дна 4 моечной камеры 3, плиту'основания 1, внутри полого вала 7 мешалки 6, резиновое уплотнение 17, расположенное между полым валом 7 и сливной трубой 14. Кроме того, устройство со-, держит сито 18 с фильтрующей сеткой 19 и ограничителями 20, частично загруженное в наполненную водой емкость 21 со сливным отверстием 22, снабженным пробкой 23, расположенную под сливной трубой 14, чашку 24, помещенную на ' фильтрующей сетке 19 сита 18 соосно сливной трубе 14, гидродвигатель 25, проводящий во вращение через редуктор 26 и цепную передачу 27 мешалку 6, вентили 28 и 29 для подачи воды в моечную камеру 3 и гидродвигатель 25, патрубок 30 для отвода воды, соединенный через резиновый шланг 31 с патрубком 11 для подачи воды в зазор 12, натяжной болт 32, соединенный через редуктор 26 с цепью 27, резиновый шланг 33 с пробковым краном 34 на одном конце и подсоединяемый другим концом к патрубку 35, муфту Рота 36, соединенную шлангом 37 с источником воды.The device comprises a base plate 1, mounted on racks 2, a washing chamber 3, mounted on a base plate 1 and made in the form of a cylindrical tank with a bottom 4 and a pipe 5 for supplying water located at the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3, a two-rod mixer 6 with a hollow shaft , ohm 7, in bearings 8 and 9, passing through the center of the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3 and the base plate 1, the sleeve 10 with the pipe 11, covering the hollow shaft 7 with a gap 12 between it and the hollow shaft 7, rubbing elements 13 in the form of bodies rounded, placed at the bottom 4 washing chambers 3, drain a pipe 14 with a cover 15, provided with a stop 16, passing through the center of the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3, the base plate 1, inside the hollow shaft 7 of the mixer 6, a rubber seal 17 located between the hollow shaft 7 and the drain pipe 14. In addition, the device - holds a sieve 18 with a filter screen 19 and stoppers 20, partially loaded into a tank 21 filled with water with a drain hole 22 provided with a plug 23 located under the drain pipe 14, a cup 24 placed on the filter screen 19 of the sieve 18 is aligned with the drain pipe 14 , the hydraulic motor 25, conducting in rotation h cut gear 26 and chain gear 27, mixer 6, valves 28 and 29 for supplying water to the washing chamber 3 and hydraulic motor 25, pipe 30 for water drainage, connected through a rubber hose 31 to pipe 11 for supplying water to gap 12, tension bolt 32, connected through a reducer 26 to a chain 27, a rubber hose 33 with a plug valve 34 at one end and connected to the other end by a pipe 35, a Rota coupling 36 connected by a hose 37 to a water source.

Регулировочная и запорная аппаратура подачи воды включает вентили 28 и 29 и кран 34.Adjusting and locking equipment for water supply includes valves 28 and 29 and a crane 34.

Устройство для отмывки корней работает следующим образом.A device for washing roots works as follows.

Через шланг 37 и резиновый шланг 30 подается вода под давлением в зазор 12, препятствуя попаданию почвы на подшипники 8 и 9. В моечную камеру 3 загружается порция почвы объемом 10—12 дм³. На сливную трубу 14 надевается крышка 15, и сливная труба 14 устанавливается в крайнем верхнем положении путем перемещения ее вдоль оси моечной камеры 3 и удержанием ее в заданном положении резиновым уплотнением 17. Вентили 28 и 29 закрыты. Открывают вентиль 28 и в моечную камеру 3 подается небольшое количество воды через патрубок 5. Закрывают вентиль 28, а вентиль 29 открывают и начинает вращаться гидродвигатель 25, сообщая через редуктор 26 и цепную передачу 27 вращение двухсторонней мешалке 6. Одновременно приходят в движение растирающие элементы 13, осуществляя растирание и отмывку корней от почвы.Through the hose 37 and the rubber hose 30, water is supplied under pressure into the gap 12, preventing the soil from entering the bearings 8 and 9. A portion of soil with a volume of 10-12 dm ^{3 is} loaded into the washing chamber ³ . A cap 15 is put on the drain pipe 14, and the drain pipe 14 is installed in its highest position by moving it along the axis of the washing chamber 3 and holding it in the set position by the rubber seal 17. The valves 28 and 29 are closed. Open the valve 28 and a small amount of water is fed into the washing chamber 3 through the nozzle 5. Close the valve 28, and the valve 29 opens and the hydraulic motor 25 starts to rotate, informing the rotation of the two-sided mixer 6 through the gearbox 26 and the chain gear 27. At the same time, the rubbing elements 13 by grinding and washing the roots from the soil.

Через 30—40 с со сливной трубы 14 снимают крышку 15, открывают вентиль 28, устанавливают расход воды таким, чтобы уровень трубы в моечной камере 3 был бы на 5—7 см выше торца сливной трубы 14. Суспензия с отмытыми корнями увлекаются восходящим потоком воды и попадают через сливную трубу 14 на сито 18. Сито 18 установлено под сливной трубой 14 в емкости 21 посредством ограничителей 20.After 30–40 s, the cover 15 is removed from the drain pipe 14, the valve 28 is opened, the water flow rate is set so that the level of the pipe in the washing chamber 3 is 5–7 cm higher than the end of the drain pipe 14. Suspension with washed roots are carried away by an upward flow of water and fall through the drain pipe 14 onto the sieve 18. The sieve 18 is installed under the drain pipe 14 in the tank 21 by means of stops 20.

Фильтрующая сетка 19 находится в воде, чем гасится напор струи и предотвращается продавливание мелких корней через ячейки фильтрующей сетки 19. Снижению ячейки напора'способствует также чашка 24, находящаяся на сетке 19.The filter mesh 19 is in the water, which extinguishes the pressure of the jet and prevents the forcing of small roots through the cells of the filter mesh 19. The cup 24 located on the mesh 19 also contributes to a decrease in the pressure cell.

Через 3—4 мин после промывки почвы легкого механического состава и 6—8 мин после промывки почвы тяжелого механического состава сливную трубу 14 вручную опускают до упора 16, обеспечивая полное удаление воды из моечной камеры 3.3-4 minutes after washing the soil with light mechanical composition and 6-8 minutes after washing the soil with heavy mechanical composition, the drain pipe 14 is manually lowered to the stop 16, ensuring complete removal of water from the washing chamber 3.

Вода попадает в емкость 21 ив виде суспензии удаляется в слив.Water enters the tank 21 and in the form of a suspension is removed into the drain.

Процесс отмывки считается законченным, если на дне моечной камеры 3 полностью отсутствуют комочки почвы. Вентили 28 и 29 закрывают и выбирают корни, застрявшие между растирающими элементами 13. Крышка 15 надевается на сливную трубу 14, и она устанавливается в верхнее положение. Сито 18 извлекается из емкости 21, и с него шлангом 33 смываются корни. Устройство готово к засыпке новой порции почвы.The washing process is considered complete if the soil lumps are completely absent at the bottom of the washing chamber 3. The valves 28 and 29 close and select the roots stuck between the rubbing elements 13. The cover 15 is put on the drain pipe 14, and it is installed in the upper position. The sieve 18 is removed from the container 21, and the roots are washed off with a hose 33. The device is ready to backfill a new portion of soil.

После завершения работ по отмывке вынимают пробку 23 из сливного отверстия и удаляют воду из емкости 21.After completing the washing, remove the plug 23 from the drain hole and remove water from the tank 21.

В качестве растирающих элементов 13 используют резиновые или цементные шарики диаметром 20—30 мм, а также гравий. Оптимальное число элементов 13 равно 200—250 шт.As rubbing elements 13 use rubber or cement balls with a diameter of 20-30 mm, as well as gravel. The optimal number of elements 13 is 200-250 pieces.

Расстояние между цилиндрической поверхностью моечной камеры 3 и стержнями мешалки 6 принимается в 1,5-2,0 раза больше диаметра растирающих элементов 13 во избежание заклинивания мешалки 6.The distance between the cylindrical surface of the washing chamber 3 and the rods of the mixer 6 is taken to be 1.5-2.0 times larger than the diameter of the rubbing elements 13 in order to avoid jamming of the mixer 6.

Необходимое натяжение цепной передачи 27 осуществляется натяжным болтом 32. Скорость вращения мешалки 6 составляет 2—3 об/мин, давление воды должно быть не менее 1,5 атм.The necessary tension of the chain gear 27 is carried out by the tension bolt 32. The rotation speed of the mixer 6 is 2-3 rpm, the water pressure must be at least 1.5 atm.

Преимуществам?! изобретения являются полное растирание кусочков почвы без разрушения и обрыва корней, портативность устройства, возможность его использования в полевых условиях, снижение в 2 раза времени отмывки пробы.Benefits ?! Inventions are the complete grinding of soil pieces without destroying and breaking off the roots, the portability of the device, the possibility of its use in the field, a 2-fold reduction in the time of washing the sample.

Claims

The invention relates to soil science, mainly to devices for washing plant residues and roots from soil of any mechanical composition. A known installation for washing contaminated materials, mainly logging waste, includes a washing chamber: of the through type with overlapping in the form of semi-cylindrical yutkov with a base in the form of a grating located across the washing chamber and closely adjacent to one another, the mechanism for moving the material along the chamber, the washing device with nozzles and a tank for collecting waste water 1. A disadvantage of the known installation is the possibility of washing in it only large and strong plant residues, while as small roots, during washing, will be destroyed and lost with the drain. The closest to the invention on those; The essence and the achieved result is a device for washing the soil from the soil, including a drive, a base plate, a washing chamber with a working body, a sieve tank, a system for supplying water and removing the suspension, an adjusting and locking apparatus in the () two () and water, as well as a hopper on the feeder, equipped with a screw for feeding the material to the sieve (2). A disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of washing the roots from the soil of heavy (bonded) mechanical composition, the loss of the plant part due to the root damage by the auger when the soil is fed into the washing chamber, as well as the loss of small roots with unwashable soil particles, which leads to the need for manual washing and increases the total washing time. The purpose of the device is to improve the quality and reduce the time of washing. The goal is achieved by the fact that a device for washing roots from soil, including a drive, a base plate, a washing chamber with a working organ, a sieve container, a system for supplying water and removing a suspension, an adjusting and locking apparatus in the system for supplying water, is equipped with a movable the axis of the washing chamber is a drain pipe, the sieve is provided with its positioners in the tank, while the working body is made in the form of a mixer and rubbing elements, and the sieve is installed under the drain pipe. The drawing shows a diagram of the device. The device contains a base plate 1, mounted on racks 2, a washing chamber 3, mounted on the base 1 nlit and made in the form of a cylindrical tank with a bottom 4 and a nozzle 5 for supplying water located at the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3, a double-rod b mixer with a hollow shaft 7, in bearings, sliding 8 and 9, passing through the center of the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3 and the base plate 1, the sleeve 10 with the nozzle 11, covering the hollow shaft 7 with a gap 12 between it and the hollow shaft 7, rubbing elements 13 in the form of bodies of rounded shape, placed on the bottom 4 washing chambers 3, with A pipe 14 with a lid 15, provided with a stop 16, passing through the center of the bottom 4 of the washing chamber 3, the base plate 1, inside the hollow shaft 7 of the dresser 6, a rubber seal 17 located between the hollow shaft 7 and the drain pipe 14. In addition, the device comprises a sieve 18 with a filtering mesh 19 and a restrictor 20, partially loaded into a container 21 filled with water, with a drain hole 22, equipped with a stopper 23, located under the drain pipe 14, a cup 24 positioned on the filter mesh 19 of a sieve 18 coaxially to the drainage pipe 14, hydraulic motor 25 rotating via gearbox 26 and chain drive 27, stirrer 6, valves 28 and 29 for supplying water to washing chamber 3 and hydraulic motor 25, pipe 30 for draining water connected through rubber hose 31 to pipe 11 for supplying water to gap 12, tension bolt 32, connected via a gearbox 26 to a chain 27, a rubber hose 33 with a cork valve 34 at one end and connected at the other end to a nozzle 35, a Rota coupling 36, connected to a water supply hose 37. The adjustment and shut-off equipment of the water supply includes valves 28 and 29 and a valve 34. The device for washing the roots works as follows. Through the hose 37 and the rubber hose 30, pressurized water is supplied to the gap 12, preventing soil from getting into the supports 8 and 9. A portion of soil 10-12 dm is loaded into the washing chamber 3. A cover 15 is put on the drain pipe 14, and the drain pipe 14 is installed in the extreme upper position by moving it along the axis of the washing chamber 3 and holding it in a predetermined position with a rubber seal 17. Valves 28 and 29 are closed. The valve 28 is opened and a small amount of water is supplied to the washing chamber 3 through the nozzle 5. The valve 28 is closed and the valve 29 is opened and the hydraulic motor 25 starts to rotate, collectively through the gearbox 26 and the chain transmission 27, the rotation of the two-way mixer 6. Simultaneously the grinding elements come into motion 13, carried out grinding and washing the roots of the soil. After 30-40 seconds, the cover 15 is removed from the drain pipe 14, the valve 28 is opened, the water flow is set so that the level of the pipe in the washing chamber 3 is 5-7 cm above the end of the drain pipe 14. The suspension with the washed roots is entrained ascending water flow and get through the drain pipe 14 to the sieve 18. The sieve 18 is installed under the drain pipe 14 in the tank 21 by means of the stops 20. The filter screen 19 is in the water, which suppresses the flow pressure and prevents the forcing of small roots through the filter mesh cells 19. Reduction of the cell on line The cup 24 also stays on the net 19. After 3-4 minutes after washing the soil of light mechanical composition and 6-8 minutes after washing the soil of heavy mechanical composition, the drain pipe 14 is manually lowered until it stops 16, ensuring complete removal of water from the washing machine. chambers 3. The water enters the tank 21 and the suspension is discharged into the drain. The washing process is considered complete if there are no soil lumps at the bottom of the washing chamber 3, valves 28 and 29 close and select the roots stuck between the rubbing elements 13. The cover 15 is put on the drain pipe 14, and it is placed in the upper position. The sieve 18 is removed from the container 21 and the roots 33 are washed off from it by the hose 33. The device is ready to backfill a new portion of soil. After completion of the washing operation, the plug 23 is removed from the drain hole and water is removed from the tank 21. Rubber or cement balls with a diameter of 20-30 mm, as well as gravel, are used as rubbing elements 13. The optimal number of elements 13 is 200-250 pcs. The distance between the cylindrical surface of the washing chamber 3 and the rods of the scraper 6 is 1.5-2.0 times larger than the diameter of the rubbing elements 13 in order to avoid jamming of the stirrer 6. The required tension of the chain transmission 27 is carried out by the tension bolt 32. The speed of rotation of the stirrer 6 is 2-3 rpm, the water pressure must be at least 1.5 atm. The advantages of the invention are the complete rubbing of soil pieces without destroying and breaking the roots, the portability of the device, the possibility of its use in field conditions, a decrease in sample washing time by 2 times. The invention The device for washing the roots of the soil, including the drive, the base plate.