SU989472A1

SU989472A1 - Article welded joint ultrasonic checking method

Info

Publication number: SU989472A1
Application number: SU813322043A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Валентин Михайлович Ушаков; Виктор Григорьевич Щербинский; Алексей Харитонович Вопилкин; Игорь Николаевич Ермолов; Владимир Иванович Рыжов-Никонов
Original assignee: Научно-Производственное Объединение По Технологии Машиностроения (Цниитмаш)
Priority date: 1981-07-24
Filing date: 1981-07-24
Publication date: 1983-01-15

Description

Изобретение относится к неразрушающему контролю и может быть использовано при ультразвуковой дефектоскопии сварных соединений изделий.The invention relates to non-destructive testing and can be used for ultrasonic inspection of welded joints of products.

Известен способ ультразвукового контроля изделий, заключающийся в том, что в контролируемом изделии двумя искателями возбуждают Сдвиговые волны, принимают эхо-сигналы, зеркально отраженные от дефекта и от поверхности изделия, и эхо-сигналы, обратно отраженные к каждому искателю от того же дефекта, сравнивают между собой амплитуды всех регистрируемых эхо-сигналов и по знаку и величине амплитудной разности сигна-_|5лов судят о характере дефектов £ 1J .A known method of ultrasonic testing of products, which consists in the fact that in a controlled product by two searchers, Shear waves are excited, echo signals are reflected that are mirrored from the defect and from the surface of the product, and echo signals that are reflected back to each searcher from the same defect are compared between each other the amplitudes of all the recorded echo signals and judging by the sign and magnitude of the amplitude difference of the signals _{| 5} on the nature of the defects £ 1J.

Недостатком данного способа является невозможность определения характера дефекта, залегающего в корне сварного _исоединения, сложность процесса,определения характера дефектов в связи с необходимостью сравнения сразу четырех сигналов от одного дефекта, которые одновременно присутствуют на экране дефектоскопа.The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the nature of the defect overlying the root of the weld _and compound the complexity of the process, determining the nature of defects due to the necessity of comparison of signals from the four immediately one defect, which are simultaneously present at the flaw screen.

Наиболее близким к изобретению по технической сущности и достигаемому результату является способ ультразвукового контроля сварных соединений изделия, заключающийся в том, что в контролируемом изделии наклонно к его поⁱ верхности возбуждают излучающим преобразователем ультразвуковые сдвиговые волны, принимают приемным преобразователем импульсы продольных волн, трансформированные при падении на дефект из сдвиговых волн, и по ним судят о наличии дефекта £ 2 J .The closest to the invention in terms of technical essence and the achieved result is a method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of a product, which consists in the fact that in a controlled product, ultrasonic shear waves are excited inclined to the ⁱ surface of the surface, receiving longitudinal wave pulses transformed when incident on the receiving transducer a defect from shear waves, and they are used to judge the presence of a defect of £ 2 J.

Недостатком известного способа является невозможность определения харак— . тера дефекта, так как и от объемного, и от плоскостного дефекта регистрируются соизмеримые по амплитуд® сигналы.The disadvantage of this method is the inability to determine the character. the defect, since both signals of volume and plane defects are comparable in amplitude® signals.

Нель изобретения — раЫпирение информативности контроля.Nel invention - the development of information content control.

Цель достигается за счет того, что в способе ультразвукового контроляThe goal is achieved due to the fact that in the method of ultrasonic testing

9Й9472 сварных соединений изделия, заключающемся в том, что в контролируемом изделии наклонно к его поверхности возбуждают ультразвуковые сдвиговые волны, трансформированные при падении на де- 5 фект из сдвиговых волн, и по ним судят о наличии дефекта, ультразвуковые волны возбуждают в изделии под углом •9J9472 of the welded joints of the product, which consists in the fact that in the controlled product, ultrasonic shear waves, transformed when the shear wave falls on the defect 5, are excited inclined to its surface, and they are used to determine the presence of a defect, ultrasonic waves are excited in the product at an angle •

9o°-arcsin ϊ ‘ ¹⁰ где 0^ и С_е - соответственно скорости распространения сдвиговой и продольной волн в материале изделия.9o ° -arcsin ϊ ^'10 where 0 and C ^ _e - respectively the propagation velocity of longitudinal and shear waves in the product material.

Перемешают излучающий преобразова- 15 тень при фиксированном положении приемного преобразователя и измеряют максимальную амплитуду принятого сигнала,, изменяют угол ввода в пределах постоянства коэффициента прозрачности на гра- 20 нице преобразователь - металл и измеряют для него максимальную амплитуду сигнала и по соотношению измеренных амплитуд судят о характере дефекта.The emitting transducer is mixed at a fixed position of the receiving transducer and the maximum amplitude of the received signal is measured, the input angle is changed within the limits of the transparency coefficient at the transducer – metal boundary, and the maximum signal amplitude is measured for it and the nature of the measured amplitudes is judged defect.

На чертеже показана схема реализации 25 предлагаемого способа.The drawing shows a diagram of an implementation 25 of the proposed method.

При ультразвуковом контроле излучающий наклонный преобразователь 1 и приемный прямой преобразователь 2 располагают на поверхности изделия 3 так, чтобы® на сварном соединении 4, в котором имеется дефект 5, был расположен приемный преобразователь 2, а излучающий преобразователь 1 - вне сварного соединения. При этом, линия, соединяющая их центры, is перпендикулярна шву.In ultrasonic testing, the emitting inclined transducer 1 and the receiving direct transducer 2 are located on the surface of the product 3 so that ® on the welded joint 4, in which there is a defect 5, the receiving transducer 2 is located, and the radiating transducer 1 is located outside the welded joint. At the same time, the line connecting their centers is perpendicular to the seam.

Способ ультразвукового контроля свар ных соединений изделия осуществляется следующим образом.The method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of a product is as follows.

С помощью наклонного преобразователя |о 1 излучают в изделие импульс сдвиговых волн о углом вводов , равным О О- Ψκρ гдеи^агсдщ третий критически , Се . — · ’ кий угол;Using an inclined transducer | o 1, a shear wave impulse is emitted into the product about the angle of entry equal to О О- Ψκρ where и ^ ассдш the third is critical, Се. - · ’cue angle;

С и с g скорости сдвиговых и продольных волн в.C and c g the velocity of shear and longitudinal waves c.

конролируемом из делии соответственно.controlled from division, respectively.

При отсутствии дефекта 5 в сварном ⁵⁰соединении 4 на приемном преобразователе 2 сигнал отсутствует. При наличии дефекта 5 в корне или сечении сварного соединения импульсы излученных сдвиговых волн, отражаясь от донной поверх— 55 ности, падают на дефект 5 и трансформируются на нем в импульсы продольных волн, которые распространяются к при емному преобразователю 2 и регистрируются им. При фиксированном положении приемного преобразователя 2_; акустическая ось которого пересекает дефект, перемещают излучающий преобразователь 1 вдоль линии, соединяющей центры преобразователей. При этом регистрируют амплитуду принятого сигнала и измеряют его максимальное значение. Уменьшают угол ввода и вновь с помощью перемещения излучающего преобразователя 1 измеряют амплитуду принятого сигнала и фиксируют ее максимальное значение.If there is no defect 5 in the welded joint ⁵⁰ 4 at the receiving transducer 2, the signal is absent. In the presence of defect 5 in the root or in the section of the welded joint, the pulses of the radiated shear waves, reflected from the bottom surface — 55, fall on the defect 5 and are transformed on it into pulses of the longitudinal waves, which propagate to the receiving transducer 2 and are registered by it. With a fixed position of the receiving transducer 2 _; the acoustic axis of which crosses the defect, the emitting transducer 1 is moved along the line connecting the centers of the transducers. In this case, the amplitude of the received signal is recorded and its maximum value is measured. The input angle is reduced, and again, by moving the emitting transducer 1, the amplitude of the received signal is measured and its maximum value is fixed.

Для плоскостного дефекта амплитуда принятого прямым преобразователем 1 сигнала зависит от угла dпадения волны на дефект и максимальна, если этот угол равен или близок к третьему критическому углу^кр, поскольку в этом случае основная доля энергии трансформируется в энергию продольных волн и лишь незначительная доля, отражается в виде сдвиговых волн. Для объемного же дефекта амплитуда для заданного угла падения на дефект меняется незначительно в зависимости от угла οία· Ее изменение обуславливается лишь изменением пути распространения ультразвука в материале изделия до дефекта. Поэтому при d^= амплитуда сигнала от дефекта меньше, чем при с/^·? γ<ρ·For a planar defect, the amplitude of the signal received by direct transducer 1 depends on the angle d of the wave incident on the defect and is maximum if this angle is equal to or close to the third critical angle ^ cr, since in this case the main part of the energy is transformed into the energy of longitudinal waves and only a small fraction is reflected in the form of shear waves. For a bulk defect, the amplitude for a given angle of incidence on the defect changes insignificantly depending on the angle ο ·α · Its change is caused only by a change in the propagation path of ultrasound in the material of the product to the defect. Therefore, for d ^ = the amplitude of the signal from the defect is less than for c / ^ γ <ρ

Следовательно, сравнивая максимальные значения амплитуд для двух углов ввода можно определить характер дефекта. Если максимальное значение амплитуды для oL = 9 0 Ч ΐςρ значительно больше, чем максимальное значение при οΜο-Ψκρ, то обнаруженный дефект имеет плоскостной характер (трещина, несплавление и ' т.д.), если же равна или меньше, то обнаруженный дефект имеет объемный характер·Therefore, comparing the maximum values of the amplitudes for the two input angles, we can determine the nature of the defect. If the maximum value of the amplitude for oL = 9 0 ΐς ΐςρ is much larger than the maximum value for οΜο-Ψκρ, then the detected defect has a planar character (crack, non-fusion, etc.), but if it is equal to or less, then the detected defect has volume character

Таким образом, способ ультразвукового контроля сварных соединений изделия позволяет определять характер обнаруженного дефекта, что значительно повышает надежность контроля.Thus, the method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of the product allows you to determine the nature of the detected defect, which significantly increases the reliability of the control.

Claims

(54) METHOD OF ULTRASONIC CONTROL OF WELDING CONNECTIONS OF W / CHLIA The invention relates to non-destructive testing and can be done with ultrasonic testing of welds of products. There is a method of ultrasound monitoring of products, consisting in a tsal, that in a controlled product two shearers excite Shear waves, receive echoes, mirrored from the defect and from the surface of the product, and echoes, back reflected to each finder from the same defect , compare the amplitudes of all recorded echo signals between the cells and, by the sign AND sign of the amplitude difference, the nature of the defects | 1J. The disadvantage of this method is that it is impossible to determine the nature of the defect occurring in the root of the SREAE connection, the complexity of the process, determine the nature of the defect due to the necessity of comparing immediately the BW signal from one defect that are simultaneously present on the flaw detector screen. The closest to the invention to the technical essence and achievable result is the method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints, which consists in the fact that in a KOHTW roll product inclined to its surface, the ultrasonic shear waves receive the longitudinal wave pulses transformed when a shear wave is incident on a defect, and it is judged by the presence of a 2 J defect. The disadvantage of this method is that the determination of the xapaitter of the defect, as well as from the bulk, and from the planar defect, is recorded with signals that are comparable in amplitude. The purpose of the invention is the alignment of the information control. The goal is achieved due to the fact that the method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of a product, namely, that in a contrasted product, nasojunio to its surface & 6yu give ultrasonic transduction), which are transformed when a defect is dropped on a shear wave defect, and judged by it about the presence of a defect, ultrasonic waves-excite in the product at an angle of 50 ° -GS3I, where C and Cg are, respectively, the propagation velocity of shear and longitudinal waves in the material of the product. The emitting transducer is moved at a fixed position of the receiving transducer and the maximum amplitude of the first screen is measured, the input angle is within the transparency coefficient constant at the transducer – metal interface, and the maximum amplitude of the signal is measured for it and by the ratio of the measured amplitudes defect. The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method. In the case of ultrasonic testing, the gel 1 emitting to the elephant transform and the receiving direct to-: the second transducer 2 is placed on the surface of the product 3 so that on the welded joint 4, which has defect 5, the receiving transducer 2 is located, and the emitting transducer 1 - outside welded -connection. At the same time, the line connecting their centers is perpendicular. The method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of the product is carried out as follows. Using an inclined transducer 1, emit a pulse of shear waves with an angle equal to QO-tjp U to the third third 5-inch. Av-csiM cue angle C and C g-i of the shear and longitudinal waves in the controlled product in the absence of defect 5 in the welded joint 4 on the receiving transducer 2, the signal is missing. If there is a defect 5 in the root or cross section of the welded joint, the pulses of the emitted sdzigy waves, reflected from the bottom surface, fall on the defect 5 and transform on it B pulses of longitudinal waves that propagate to the receiving transducer 2 and register with it. When the receiving transducer 2 is fixed in position, the acoustic axis of which crosses the defect moves the radiating transducer 1 along the line connecting the transducer centers. In this case, the amplitude of the received signal is recorded and its maximum value is measured. Reduce the input angle with / x (and again, by moving the radiating transducer 1, measure the amplitude of the received signal and fix its maximum value. For a planar defect, the amplitude of the received direct transducer of the 1 signal depends on the fart 1 of the wave. the defect is maximal if this angle is equal to or close to the third critical yfly f | i / p, since in this case the main part of the energy is transformed into the energy of longitudinal waves and only an insignificant part is reflected in the form of shear waves. lituda for a given angle of incidence on a defect varies slightly depending on the angle oi,

2. Its change is caused only by a change in the way ultrasound propagates in the material of the product to the defect. Therefore, when o1 C (/ p, the amplitude of the signal from the defect is smaller than with C /, Pcr. Therefore, by comparing the maximum amplitudes for the two input angles, you can determine the nature of the defect. If the maximum amplitude for Q 9 O ° - M kp is much larger than the maximum value at d Q °, then the detected defect has a flat character (crack, non-fusion and TJ5.), if equal or less, then the detected defect has a three-dimensional character. Thus, the method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of the product allows em determined The nature of the detected defect, which significantly increases the reliability of the control Claims of the method of ultrasonic testing of welded joints of a product, which imply eix) surfaces that excite shear waves with a transducer by means of an ultrasound transducer by means of an ultrasound transducer waves transformed by falling from a defect from shear waves and judged by them about the presence of a defect, characterized in that, with the improvement of the information content of the control, vm razvukovye excite waves in the article at an angle Qo-av-C5iM where C and Cg - respectively the propagation velocity of shear and longitudinal waves in the material of the article. The radiating converter is moved at a fixed position of the receiving converter and the maximum amplitude of the received signal is measured, the input angle is measured within the constant of the transparency coefficient on the green-to-metal converter, and the maximum signal amplitude is measured for it and judged by reference to the measured amplitudes the nature of the defect. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 461361, cl. QOlN 29/04, 1973. 2.3. und H.Kvaotkramev, V / eHsto p -uiuviQf v «H uetrascbate.bereiM-Ncu-Jo-k, 9Tv, p-bn-b2 (prototype).