SU986564A1 - Method of producing forgings without drafts - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, and in particular to methods of manufacturing forgings without stamping biases.

A known method of producing forgings without stamping slopes by deforming an annular blank with a developed cross section of £ 1].

However, the known method does not eliminate the stamping slopes at the forgings with a ratio of the cross-sectional height of the annular element to the width equal to about 1 to 1.5, that is, the known method does not allow to obtain high-quality and accurate forgings.

The closest technical solution to the invention is a method for producing forgings without stamping slopes from annular blanks with a developed cross section, which consists in simultaneous dressing and calibration by installing the blank in a conical matrix, introducing a conical mandrel into it and exposing it to the upper end with a conical punch (2 3 .

In the process of deformation, the upper part of the forgings reduces their diametric dimensions due to crimping in the matrix, and the lower part of the forgings increases them due to bending moments. The method is applicable for the production of forgings _f ring elements which satisfy the ratio:

where b and t are the height and width of the annular forging element, respectively. The disadvantage of this method is the low quality and accuracy in the manufacture of relatively high forgings with ^ -7 / 1,5. When stamping 15 ke such forgings it is difficult to ensure simultaneous rotation of the workpiece relative to the die and punch. Since the workpiece is calibrated over the entire height, a residual 20 taper occurs and ⁴ weights appear.

In addition, in the manufacture of forgings with a shoulder located on the side of the smaller base of the workpiece around the perimeter of the hole, the required accuracy in the size of the shoulder due to its lagging from the rest of the forging is not ensured.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality and dimensional accuracy of 30 forgings.

This goal is achieved by the fact that during processing by the proposed method, the workpiece is supported from the bottom end, and calibration is performed over the entire height of the workpiece.

On Fig, 1 a and b shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method by providing back-up mandrel; figure 2 a and b is a diagram of the implementation of the method by providing backwater matrix.

The workpiece 1, stamped with a developed cross section, after trimming and flashing is installed in the matrix 2. When the workpiece 1 is exposed to the punch 3 by the top end, it simultaneously moves down and rotates relative to the matrix 2 and the mandrel 4. In this case, editing and calibration of the external one (Fig. 16) or internal (Fig.26) surface. blanks over the entire height.

An example of a specific use of the method is the production of forgings without stamping slopes from smooth relatively high (- ^ - = 2.15) ring blanks from steel 45 X N and relatively low (- ^ - = 1.15) ring blanks with a collar of ne steel 20 X PLR.

The outer diameter of the smaller base of the smooth ring blanks was 190 mm, the inner diameter was 126 mm, the height was 69 mm, and the angle of the cross section was 7 °. The taper angles of the crimp die 2 and mandrel 4 were 7 °.

The outer diameter of the smaller base of the ring billets with a shoulder on the smaller base of the workpiece along the hole contour was 185 mm, the inner diameter was 102 mm, the height (without shoulder) was 48 mm, the shoulder height was 12 mm, the shoulder thickness was 8 mm, and the cross-section angle was 7 ^e . The taper angles of the crimp die 2 and mandrel 4 were 5 °.

Forgings were obtained on a crank forging and stamping press with a force of 40,000 kN. Cutting, flashing and dressing were performed on a crank edging press with a force of 4000 kN in the range of forging temperatures.

Editing smooth annular forgings in a known manner led to an insufficient turn of the cross section of the forgings, residual taper on the forgings and the formation of sagging either according to the outer diameter of the forgings or the inside.

Editing the annular forgings with a shoulder on a smaller base in a known manner led to the non-profit of the shoulder to the required position due to its lag when turning from the rest of the forging.

Using the proposed method has improved the accuracy and eliminate the weight on the workpieces.

The proposed method is applicable for forgings with collars at the end face with forgings sizes satisfying the ratio (excluding collar sizes) of 0.8 ί-ξ- ί 2.5, and for smooth annular forgings at 1.5 <-to. 2.3.

Claims (2)

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the course of processing by the proposed method, the workpiece is supported from the bottom end, and calibration is performed over the entire height of the workpiece. Figures 1a and b show the scheme for carrying out the method according to the invention by providing a support with a mandrel; Figures 2a and b show a scheme for carrying out the method by providing backing with a matrix. The blank 1, stamped with a developed cross section, is cut into the matrix after trimming and stitching the device. 2. When exposed to the upper end of the workpiece 1 by the punch 3, it simultaneously moves down and rotates relative to the die 2 and the mandrel 4. This causes the right and calibration of the outer (Fig. 16) or inner (Fig. 26) surface of the workpiece. height. An example of a specific use of the method is to obtain forgings without stamping slopes from smooth relatively high (, 15 ring blanks from steel 45 X N and relatively low (, i5) ring billets with a collar from steel 20 X PLR. Outer diameter of a smaller base smooth annular workpieces were 190 mm, internal diameter 126 mm, height 69 mm, angle of rotation of 7 °. The taper angles of the crimping die 2 and the mandrel 4 were 7 °. The outer diameter of the smaller base or the ring blanks with the collar on the smaller base of the blanks and along the contour of the hole, it was equal to 185 mm, internal diameter 102 mm, height (without shoulder) 48 mm, height of the collar 12 mm, thickness of the collar 8 mm, angle of the collar fold section 7. Angles of taper of the crimp die 2 and mandrel 4 were 5. Forgings were obtained on a crank forging-stamping press with a force of 40000 kN. Cutting, stitching and straightening were performed on a crank cutting press with a force of 4000 kN in the range of forging temperatures. the formation of sinkers, either by the outer diameter of the forging, or by the inner diameter. Editing ring forgings with a collar on a smaller base in a known manner led to a non-yield of the collar to the required position due to its lag when turning from the rest of the forging. Using the proposed method made it possible to increase the accuracy and eliminate the wefts on the blanks. The proposed method is applicable for forgings with shoulders on the end face with forgings that satisfy the ratio (without taking into account the collar dimensions) 0,, 5, and for smooth ring forgings at 1.5-3b. 2, j, claims The method of obtaining forgings without stamping slopes from ring blanks with a cross-section, consists in simultaneous straightening and calibration by placing the blank in a conical matrix, inserting a conical mandrel into it and affecting its upper end with a punch, characterized in In order to ensure the quality and accuracy of the forgings, in the course of processing, the workpiece is supported from the bottom end, and calibration is performed over the entire height of the workpiece. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR 127566, cl. B 21 J 5/02, 1959. 2, USSR Copyright Certificate No. 614870, cl. B 21 J 5/00, 1978 (prototype). I FIG. g