SU981125A1 - Storage - Google Patents

Description

(5) STORAGE FOR STORAGE OF CARGO

one

The invention relates to warehousing, in particular, to the storage of a large range of products.

A warehouse is known for storing cargoes with their automatic installation into place, movements and removal from places in which circulation racks are used in order to maximize the use of production space. Theoretically, these warehouses allow jg to bring the utilization rate of production areas and volumes to values close to 100, although with a large capacity of an array of shelving, the total mass of movable shelves with loads installed on them becomes so significant that it does not allow to create arrays of shelving relative to large capacity and practically increase the utilization rate of production areas above 75-80%. At the same time, the complexity and material consumption, and, consequently, the energy consumption during operation, are very significant. The need to move large masses of goods with racks does not allow the use of higher speeds for working movements. The use of mobile and circulation racks with an increase in the total capacity by increasing the number of Rus in height leads to additional structural complications, since, for example, at high altitude, mobile racks become unstable when moving. All this reduces both technological capabilities and productivity of warehouse equipment, increases its material consumption and energy consumption, and also reduces the utilization rate of production; the area of land and volumes.

Claims (2)

Also known is a warehouse for storing goods, containing multi-storey racks, in each cell of which there are load guides and a mechanism for pushing goods inside the cell, including dogs that engage with cargo, and loading and unloading devices installed movably along the ends , having frame-mounted load-carrying platforms with pusher for interacting with mechanisms for pushing cargoes 2.  The drawbacks of the known devices are the impossibility of quickly discharging cargo from the middle part of the cell, which is why such a warehouse is intended mainly for storing homogeneous cargo in each cell, one-sided loading and one-sided unloading of stored cargo, as well as the impossibility of additional sorting of goods between neighboring cells working strokes of loading and unloading mechanisms along the racks, which reduces the productivity of the warehouse.  The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity.  The goal is achieved by the fact that each mechanism for pushing cargoes is equipped with additional dogs for interacting with goods, and the area of each loading-unloading device is equipped with pairs of vertical, rotatable supports for the cargoes arranged parallel to the guide cells of the racking along the corresponding end of the racking mi, one of which is parallel to the main one, and the others perpendicular to it, while on the frame of each loading and unloading This device is fixed in pairs along the corresponding end of the rack at the level of each wheel; the vertical supports for cargo that are perpendicular to the main supports of the lifting and lowering platform are vertical in the plane.  FIG.  1 schematically shows the proposed warehouse, side view; in fig.  2 is a section A-A in FIG.  one; in FIG. 3, section B-B in FIG.  2; in fig.   - section BB in FIG.  2;  in fig.  5 is a cross section in FIG.  t; in fig.  6 - the end of the bent pusher which is engaged with the grapple in the pushing mode of operation, section 3j in FIG.  7 - the same, in a tense mode of operation; . in fig.  8 is a section DD in FIG.  one.  The warehouse contains a rack unit 1 with horizontally arranged through cells made of corners 2, which serve as guide support shelves and fixed to vertical posts 3 and horizontal blocks 4. The kits addressed to dons 5 with weights 6 are laid on the wrong corners 2 in advance due to the order of their numbers.  The pallets 5, to facilitate their movement in the channels of the cells, have rollers 7, and in order to mitigate jolts, rubber shock absorbers 8 are installed on the ends of the pallets.  In the center of the bottom of the pallets from the bottom there are holes 9 used to move the pallets during operation.  On the beams in the middle of each cell, the grabs 10 are installed of two-sided action. The grab body 10 is guided by the rollers 11 on vertical axles fixed also to the beams. .  Inside the body of the grapple 10, a pusher 12 with dogs 13 on horizontal axles and springs (not shown) tend to turn the dogs 13 around their axes.  Dogs 13 are arranged in pairs and directed opposite to each other.  Extreme keepers directed outwards.  The distance between the pairs of dogs is equal to the pallet size longitudinal with respect to the cell axis.  The distance of the extreme dogs to the nearest pairs of dogs is less than half the longitudinal size of the pallet.  At both ends of the pusher 12 there are heads And with a groove In the form of a concave dihedral angle serving as a catcher.  The body of the grapple 10 is held in an average non-operating position by means of balancing springs 15.  Similarly, the plunger 12 is held on average with respect to the body of the grapple 10, pole positioning using springs (not shown).  FIG.   grabs 10 located on different rusas are shown, one (lower) in the working position and the other (upper in the inoperative position) On the two sides of the racking unit 1, two working synchronously or independently pogruzochno are installed on the guide rails 16 and channels 17 - unloading devices 18 (PRU).  Both PRU equipped with lifts 19.  The E-frame elevators 19 have retractable horizontal supports 20, which in their working position become, as it were, an extension of the middle guide angles of the 2 corresponding cells.  Driven telescopic power cylinders 21 with curved pushers 22 are also installed on the lifts 19 with the ability to engage with the heads 1 of the pushers 12 for pushing (or pulling the pallets 5 with loads 6 into the cells.  To push the pallets in the perpendicular cells of the racking block, the direction carried out (in this case outside the racking block) inside the elevator 19 itself.  Two more telescopic cylinders 23 with columns of 24 were installed so that movements could be communicated in either of two directions.  In addition, on the lifts there are also cylinders 25 with retractable supports 26, which in the working position serve as extensions of the end guide angles 2.  The elevators 19 on their rollers 27 make vertical movements on the guide posts 28 by means of a drive. 29 with flexible element 30 (for example, chain transmission).  In part of the loading and unloading device 18, there is located a drive of longitudinal displacements of the loading and unloading devices themselves and the pump. station 31 for operation of cylinders 21, 23 and 25.  For stability, the loading and unloading devices when moving along the rack unit, as well as during operation in a fixed position / in addition to the main rollers 32 located below, have additional rollers 33 in the upper part, which interact with guide channels 17 rigidly attached to the rack unit 1.  In addition, on the loading and unloading device from the front and rear sides on the vertical guide racks 28, against each pair of cells vertically at the level of each floor of the rack unit are mounted on a pair of retractable supports 3 and 35, interacting with the springs are not shown to return these supports in the original - non-working position by turning around the horizons, the zonalnyh axes, and electromagnets 98 6 (not shown); l transfer these supports to the working position.  In the middle part, the supports 3 and 35, there are grooves BZ for the passage of the grab and curved pushers 22 during operation.  The size of the supporting part of the supports 3 of transverse size — the distance between the rollers 7 of the pallet 5, and the size of the supporting part of the supports 20 already longitudinal apart — between the rollers 7 of the pallet 5- Thanks to this, as well as the limited protrusion of all retractable supports inwards during operation, the pallets 5 inside the lifts they rest on the lower planes of their frames, and not on the rollers 7, and they can be moved around. mutually perpendicular directions.  8 front part of the front side of the racking unit 1 is a table 37 of receiving and issuing goods.  Table 37 is also provided with a grab 10.  For the operation of the grabs 10 in the continuous mode, in front of the pushers 22 there are slats 39 mounted on the rotary axes 38. The slats 39 are rotated 90 ° by electromagnets (not shown), while the push rod 22 (Fig.  7) is engaged in a tangling mode, since when moving the pusher 22 to the left it doesn’t follow the grapple 1C through the head k, the return of the bar 39 to neutral (Fig.  6) the position when it does not protrude from the body of the pusher 22 is carried out by a spring (not shown). The operation of the warehouse is carried out as follows.  In order to place the load 6 in place, both FOC 18 are brought to their original position.  In this case, the elevators 19 should be at table level 37, and all the supports 20 and 2b on the PRU racks corresponding to the level of the table should assume a working horizontal position using appropriate electromagnetism.  Further, depending on the order number of the cargo and the location of the remaining goods in the pair of horizontally adjacent cells of the rack unit, where the specified load is to be loaded, it takes to itself from loading and unloading devices, from which side to install this cargo fewer movements are required to place, t "e" a shorter path (constructively, it is possible to put the load in place from any of the loading equipment 798 of the unloading device, If load 6 is one, then command Pr n be the load and bucket tappet 10Priemnogo section 37 advances beneath the goods inside a respective emnika of handling the device.  After receiving the load 6, a command from the control panel is put on the supports of the loading and unloading device. Put the load in place and both loading and unloading devices begin to move to the corresponding pair of channels of the rack unit.  At the same time, the elevators 19 on the move begin to rise to the height of the corresponding Russ load address.  When the lifts 19 are matched with the desired pair of channels, the drives of the loading and unloading devices and the lifts are turned off, and both of the loading and unloading devices are stopped at this point and fixed precisely.  Further, if the load is located on the edge, turn on the fitting J of the driving telescopic cylinders 21 and pushes the load into the cell of the rack unit on.  its place If the place of the cargo is in the depth of the channel, then the cargo is moved by the corresponding number, successively performed by the cylinders 21i, of the impulses that inform the weights in the channels that are necessary for their circulation along the closed horizontal contour of motion, Tae.  first the cylinder 21, which is against the installed load 6, is turned on and pushes it into the cell; the upper part of the bent pusher 22 is pushed onto the pallet frame 5o. When entering the cell, the rubber pushers 8 mounted on the ends of the pallet 5 meet the same pushers. the first from the edge of the pallet and further push all the loads inside the cell for the length of the maximum stroke of the cylinder.  In this case, the installed load 6 is pushed into the cell of the rack unit flush with its front plane, and the load that is in front of the cell in the direction of pushing out comes from the opposite end of the cell of the rack unit and enters the receiving box, which is formed by the retractable supports 20, 26, 3 and 35 opposite handling device, but not completely.  In order to promote.  .  8 to load this load all the way into the receiving area of this PRU, cylinder 21 makes a return stroke by an amount less than half the longitudinal size of the pallet 5, then again performs a forward stroke.  During the reverse movement of the cylinder 21, the grapple 10 returns to the initial position with the help of the spring 15 and the head of the pusher 12 continuously follows the curved pusher 22 o.  After performing such a reverse stroke, the cylinder 21 moves forward to the end, as shown in FIG.  4, in which only the paw 13 of the grapple 10 enters into engagement with the frame of the pallet with a load only forward in the direction of pushing.  The rest of the grappling pawls do not reach the corresponding technological holes 9 at the bottom of the pallets 5 or gaps between them during a short stroke of the cylinder, and when the grapple is moving forward, all the pallets with weights, except the front one, remain fixed in their places.  The front load is pushed by the grapple pusher to the full in the receiving platform of the lift.  After this cylinder 21 and grab pusher 10 are returned to their original positions, and the load advanced from the cell of the racking unit is moved by cylinder 23 inside the elevator in the direction perpendicular to the cell axis to the place of pushing it inside the cell adjacent to the first cell.  Pushing the load out of the cell back, into the channel, is exactly the same.  The process continues until the load to be installed is in place.  Removal of the load occurs in reverse order.  The direction of the circulating movements is carried out | Towards the nearest loading and unloading device. When removing goods, there may be situations when there is only a removed cargo in the channel and, moreover, at a depth of 9 tons. e.  reciprocal pushing of the pallets themselves cannot be used.  In this case, the pushing cylinder 21 extends to the entrance of its curved pusher 22 into engagement with the head of the clamshell pusher 12 (in this case in the pushing mode).  . When this occurs, the movement of the pusher 12 with installed dogs 13 relative to the body of the grapple 10.  The paws 13 of the grab pusher, when it is inoperative, are in an isolated position — they do not protrude from its body (Fig.  j, the upper grab pusher) and do not engage with the pallets 5 when the loads are pushed together in any direction. If the pusher 12 is shifted relative to the body 10 to the right (Lig.  A, the lower working grefier), the dog and the left of all pairs of dogs on the grapple go out of the holes of the grapple body in the direction of movement and can engage with the pallets as they move forward and easily sink into the same holes during the reverse movement, t. The cylinder 21, making a reciprocating movement with a grab 10 with a pitch of more than half of the longitudinal size of the pallet, move in any direction, both individual loads in an arbitrary place in the depth of the channel, and when they completely fill the channel.  I / The structure of the loading and unloading device 18 allows, on the retractable supports 3 and 35, as in accumulators, to gather at the receiving and distributing table 37 for installation into place in the rack unit from one to two complete sets of weights, the number of Rus in height in the rack unit, t, e, in the loading and unloading device at the level of each Rus of the rack unit there are two places for cargo.  Moreover, for loading empty cells, both loading and unloading devices can operate in independent modes, t.  each loading and unloading device can independently, without the help of the second, overload the entire set of cargoes taken by it to its place in the rack unit, either one at a time one pair of neighboring cells, or at different addresses - at different addresses. pairs of cells.  Moreover, the whole set of cargoes of the loading and unloading device can be reloaded into one pair of cells at the same address by pushing into both channels, one at a time, one load at a time.  In this case, the lift 19. at the same time, both telescopic cylinders 21 are turned on. After two pallets with weights are pushed into the cells, at the elevator 19 all the supports 20 and 2b are removed to the non-operating position.  Translation TC non-working. e position and supporting elements 3 and 35 on the racks 28 loading and unloading device.  When the supporting elements 20 and 26 are retracted to an inoperative position, the lift 19 does not hit the pallets with loads laid at other levels on the supporting elements 3 and 35 lower (lower or higher to raise the level of the processed pair of cells ( above) on supporting elements 3 and 35 a pair of loads.  For this, the lift 19 descends (rises) slightly below the pick-up loads, places the supports 20 and 26 in the working position and, as it moves upwards, seizes both loads onto its supporting elements. When the seized weights are raised slightly above the level of the pair of cells being processed, the corresponding loadings of the loading devices 3 and 35 are transferred to a working horizontal position, after which the elevator gradually goes down and as soon as the bottom surfaces of the pallets touch the supports and 35 stops and locks.  Next, the power cylinders 21 are turned on again and the loads are pushed into the cells.  Further, the process of reloading the entire set of goods from the accumulator into the corresponding pair of cells of the rack unit is continued.  (It should be noted that the capacity of the accumulator of the loading-unloading device and the paired cells may be different, t. e.  the number of loads placed in a pair of cells does not necessarily have to be equal to the capacity of one or two loading and unloading devices ;.  If necessary, the lift 19 can pick up and one of the lying on the same level on the supports 3 and 35 loads.  For this purpose, only the pair of supports 20 and 26 corresponding to the pick-up load is transferred to the working position, and the other pair of supports remains in the inactive position.  The load thus taken up is then raised or lowered by lifts to the level of the corresponding tier of the rack unit for placing this load into place.  Thus, the loading and unloading devices of the proposed design are carried out with weights 6 on pallets 5 and various manipulations are possible for their installation or removal from places.  Similarly, the process of removal of the entire set of cargoes that are in one pair of neighboring cells by one, loading and unloading device, is independent. the mode of its operation. Only in this case, the bent pushers 22 on the rods of the cylinders 21 interlock with the grab 10 using controlled (for example, electromagnets).  lock  out slats 39 on axles 38 for operation in the driving mode, t. e.  during the reciprocating movement of the cylinders 21 located in the depth of the cells, the loads move to the loading-unloading device in this position, the grabs 10 without any structural changes work in the drag mode. This means that the loading-times. load devices in many cases can be removed x- independently of each other, thereby increasing the productivity and technological capabilities of the warehouse.  Thus, the proposed device allows the use of various rational movements and techniques for installing storage, addressing and pick-up of goods with the maximum use of production areas and volumes.  Moreover, the installation and removal operations, as compared with the known ones, are carried out by the minimum number of the equipment itself and the transported masses, t. e, the invention saves not only the production area and.  volumes, it reduces both energy consumption and material consumption of equipment. . The invention is especially effective for storing a large range of products, when each pallet or container with cargo must be accurately addressed, for example, for storing books and documents in large libraries and archives or when storing baggage in automatic storage cells at train stations.  Since the increase in the capacity of the rack unit by increasing the number of Rus in height and the number of cells in the rack unit 98 12 does not increase the total weight of the goods moved during operation, and increasing the cell length slightly increases, the proposed device allows you to create rack units (arrays are relatively large capacity and thereby bring the utilization rate of the production areas and volumes to values close to 100%, while the known devices enable be them only 80.  When storing certain goods, the containers may be oblong. Such containers in cells are advisable to be arranged perpendicular to their axes so that the length of the path of circulation movements is minimal.  Thus, for example, when storing books, technological containers for 30 or 50 books it is advisable to carry out an oblong shape.  The invention therefore makes it possible to increase the productivity, as well as expand the functionality, to allow a load located in the middle of the cell.  Claims of the Warehouse for storing goods, containing a multi-rack, in each cell of which are placed the guides for the goods and the mechanism for pushing the goods inside the cell, including dogs, interacting with the goods, and installed movably along the racks of the racking loading and unloading frame-mounted load-carrying platforms with a pusher for interacting with mechanisms for pushing cargoes, characterized in that, in order to increase the performance and each mechanism for pushing cargoes is provided with additional dogs for interacting with goods, and the platform of each loading and unloading device is provided with pairs of supports rotating in the vertical plane of the cargoes arranged parallel to the guide cells of the rack and additional pushers arranged along the corresponding end of the rack, one of which is parallel to the main ,, 139 and the others - perpendicular to it, while on the frame of each loading and unloading device the captives are placed in pairs along the corresponding end of the rack at the level of each torsion, pivoting in the vertical plane, additional supports for the goods located perpendicular to the main supports of the lifting and lowering platform.  5t Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Laughs A. A, Automated, warehouses, M. , Mechanical Engineering, 1979.  c, (zo 2. USSR author's certificate according to the application DG 2883728 / 27-11, cl, R 65G 1/02, 25.12.79 prototype ///// f. Y: xt uh .Ik X.j iJ A L.j U (7P i: x i -4 w : i r M A Lj KIT L TO i: 7ren f i I ir-if P- G. 11. lsh I. 11.4 I L cqjg W. 981125 gd FIG. 7 DD fig.d