SU971401A1 - Centrifugal apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to devices for carrying out processes in systems liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and can be applied in various industries.

Closest to the proposed device is a centrifugal extractor containing a casing, a rotor with a nozzle in the form of coaxially arranged perforated cylinders, whose openings are equipped with nozzles and diffusers located on adjacent cylinders in alternating sequence, partitions, devices for input and output of phases l. i

The disadvantages of this device include low efficiency of the mass transfer process and productivity.

The purpose of the present invention is to intensify the processes by increasing the contact surface of the phases.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a known centrifugal extractor containing a housing; a rotor with a nozzle in the form of coaxially arranged cylinders, the openings of which are provided with nozzles and diffusers arranged on adjacent cylinders

in alternating sequence, partitions, devices for input and output of phases, overflow pipes are installed on the cylinders with nozzles, and the partitions are made convex in shape and installed in front of each pair of diffusers.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the extractor; in fig. 2 - 10 times cut AA in FIG. 1, in FIG. 3 — node (in the case of a pair of rectangular-shaped nozzle-diffuser); in fig. 4 - node I (in the case of a pair of nozzle-diffuser cylindrical

15 forms).

The centrifugal apparatus consists of a casing 1, a rotor 2 with a nozzle, chambers 3 and 4 for collecting procontaminated flows, respectively, injected and working. Unmovable fixed pressure discs 5 and 6 are introduced into the chambers to drain the flows. The working stream is supplied to the contact zone via channel 7 in shaft 8 through distributor 9. Supply of injected flow to contact zone is carried out through channel 10 in shaft 11 through distributor 12. | The separating of contact flows is carried out in zones 13 and 14 corresponding to the worker being injected. The separated nuts and bolts are removed from the apparatus with the aid of the auxiliary disks 5 and 6 through the inter-tube fluids 15, 16 of the receiving-output device.

The working space of the rotor is filled with a nozzle in the form of coaxial cylinders 17 with nozzles 18 and diffusers 19 located on adjacent cylinders in an alternating sequence. On the cylinders with soplag / w are installed overflow pipes 20, two adjacent pairs of nozzle-diffuser at the outlet of the diffusers are equipped with a common partition 21 of convex shape. The device works as follows. The working flow through the channel 7 and the distributor 9 enter the nozzles 18, from which, under the action of centrifugal force, is ejected in the form of droplets and jets into the diffusers 19, which play the role of mixing chambers. When moving at high speed from the nozzle into the diffuser, the working flow carries (injects) the injected flow from the chamber 22 into the diffusers.19, where there is an intensive interaction (turbulization, displacement), working and injected flows with the formation of a highly dispersed emulsion.

After contacting, forming a highly dispersed emulsion with its movement under the action of centrifugal force from the center to the periphery of the rotor reaches the inner surface of the partition 21. The convex shape of the partition allows changing the direction of flow of the emulsion (working-injected flow) towards the same flow as possible with minimal hydraulic losses emulsion in the adjacent pair of nozzle-diffuser, connected to the first partition 21. The emulsion flows moving towards each other, collide, resulting in ate which there is an intensive grinding particles collide propelling streams to form highly continuously updated decoupling of mass transfer surface.

After contacting, the emulsion formed with a highly dispersed emulsion during its movement by the action of centrifugal force from the center and periphery of the rotor reaches the inner surface of the K-17 axial cylinders (see G. 2), where stratification of flows takes place with the formation of two layers 23 24 in accordance with the specific weights of interacting flows. The workflow layer, which has a higher density, is a hydraulic barrier for the injected flow, which is lower density. The latter, increasing, reaches the height of the overflow pipes 20 and flows over it to

the next stage of contact located to the periphery of the rotor. At the next stage, the whole process is repeated until the contacted streams reach the periphery of the rotor. Having reached the periphery of the rotor, the working stream enters the separation zone 13, where it partially separates the injected flow carried away from it. The separated work flow enters chamber 4, from where it is brought out of the apparatus through the annular space 15 via the annular space 15.

The injected flow, reaching the peripheral separation zone 14, is separated from the working stream that is partially entrained by it, and through the transfer piping 20 enters the chamber 3, from which it is pulled out of the apparatus through the annular tube 16 via the pressure disc 6 through the annular space 16.

When the flow of contact flows in the nozzle of the apparatus, made in the form of a set of coaxially arranged perforated cylinders, the openings of which are provided with nozzles and diffusers located on adjacent cylinders in an alternating sequence, overflow nozzles are installed on the cylinders with nozzles, two adjacent nozzle-diffuser pairs diffusers are equipped with a common partition of convex shape. The injection effect is optimally used in combination with the field of centrifugal forces. This leads to a sharp increase in the productivity of the apparatus and the intensification of physical chemical, physicochemical, biological, heat and mass transfer processes.

Intensive turbulization of the interacting flows promotes multiple fusion and disintegration of jets and droplets and, consequently, the processes occurring in the apparatus are intensified. Moving at high speed in the mixing chambers (diffusers), the emulsion flows, as they exit the latter, move towards each other along the partition of the convex shape 21 and collide. In the impact zone, there is an intensive update of the interfacial surface, an increase in the contact time of the phases and relative speeds of their movement.

The advantages of this unit should also include:

a) the absence of longitudinal mixing of the phase flows as they move along the apparatus /

b) high flow rates in the apparatus;

c) high dispersion of the spray; D) low hydraulic resistance to the flow of j;

e) multipurpose purpose of the device;

e) a wide range of modes of stable operation of the device.

The device can practically operate both at zero flow rate of one of the reciprocating scaffolding flows, and at loads exceeding the throughput capacity of the injection nozzle-diffuser pair. In this case, the interacting streams will move not only in the sog diffuser system, but also through the overflow pipes 20, which in this case will operate in the outflow mode simultaneously as mixing elements and as overflow pipes.

The use of this invention will allow to intensify processes, increase productivity and improve product quality, expand the range of stable operation and the possibility of use in various chemical-technological processes.

Claims (1)

1. USSR author's certificate No. 611330, cl. B 01 D 11/04,12.11.76.  inject flow For / eleven -Working flow -UffMcefimupyeffo / u stream phases. It.