SU959223A1

SU959223A1 - Method of converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical one and electric motor for performing same

Info

Publication number: SU959223A1
Application number: SU802886359A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Анатолий Иванович Антоненко
Original assignee: Институт Электродинамики Ан Усср
Priority date: 1980-02-25
Filing date: 1980-02-25
Publication date: 1982-09-15

Description

Союз Советских Социалистических РеспубликUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics

Государственный комитет СССР по делам изобретений и открытийUSSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries

ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

К АВТОРСКОМУ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВУ (61) Дополнительное к авт. свид-ву - (22) Заявлено 25,02,80 (21) 288635$/24-07 с присоединением заявки № - (23) Приоритет -TO AUTHOR'S CERTIFICATE (61) Additional to author. certificate-wu - (22) Declared 25.02.80 (21) 288,635 $ / 24-07 with the addition of application No. - (23) Priority -

Опубликовано 1509.82, Бюллетень № 34Published 1509.82, Bulletin No. 34

Дата опубликования описания 1509.82 <11,959223 (51)М.Кл.³ Date of publication of the description 1509.82 <11.959223 (51) M.C. ³

Н 02 К 19/10 (53)УДК 621.313.32 (088.8) (72) Автор изобретенияН 02 К 19/10 (53) UDC 621.313.32 (088.8) (72) Author of the invention

А.И.Антоненко г,.A.I. Antonenko,

(71)Заявитель | Ь? л <(71) Applicant | B? l <

институт электродинамики АН УкраинскойМЗ€£иInstitute of Electrodynamics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences

(54) СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В МЕХАНИЧЕСКУЮ И ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ДВИГАТЕЛЬ ДЛЯ ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ(54) METHOD FOR CONVERTING ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TO MECHANICAL AND ELECTRIC ENGINE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

22

Изобретение.относится к электротехнике и преимущественно к электрическим машинам и электроприводам переменного тока.The invention relates to electrical engineering and mainly to electric machines and AC electric drives.

Известен способ преобразования электромагнитной энергии в механическую, при котором управляют напряжением, приложенным к зажимам фаз обмотки статора электродвигателя.There is a method of converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy, in which the voltage applied to the terminals of the phases of the stator winding of the electric motor is controlled.

Известен способ в котором изменяют частоту и амплитуду напряжения на зажимах фаз обмотки статора путём модулирования напряжения несущей частоты с последующим выделением огибающей полученного напряжения (1J.There is a method in which the frequency and amplitude of the voltage at the terminals of the phases of the stator winding are changed by modulating the voltage of the carrier frequency with the subsequent allocation of the envelope of the resulting voltage (1J.

Известен способ в котором изменяют частоту и амплитуду напряжения на зажимах фаз обмотки статора путем модулирования напряжения несущей частоты с последующим выпрямлением модулированного напряжения так, что на зажимы фаз обмотки статора электродвигателя подается пульсирующее напряжение с частотой, пропорциональной синхронной частоте вращения двигателя, содержащее постоянную составляющую. Известны машины с внутренним каскадом, которые могут быть применены в электроприводе взамен каскадно го соединения двух электродвигателей £2].There is a method in which the frequency and amplitude of the voltage are changed at the terminals of the phases of the stator winding by modulating the voltage of the carrier frequency, followed by rectification of the modulated voltage so that a pulsating voltage with a frequency proportional to the synchronous frequency of rotation of the motor containing a constant component is applied to the terminals of the phases of the stator winding of the electric motor. There are known machines with an internal cascade that can be used in an electric drive instead of a cascade connection of two electric motors £ 2].

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому изобретению по технической сущности протекающих процессов электромеханического преобразования энергии является способ £зД.Closest to the proposed invention in terms of the technical nature of the ongoing processes of electromechanical energy conversion is the method £ zD.

Однако известный способ предполагает связь сети с электродвигателем по двум каналам. При частоте вращения ротора меньшей эквивалентной синхронной частоты вращения, электромагнитная энергия подводится к двигателю по каналу с нерегулируемом напряжением, а часть энергии, пропорциональная величине скольжения, возвращается в сеть по каналу с регулируемым напряжением. Это приводит к увеличению передаваемой через двигатель электроэнергии по- сравнению с вырабатываемой им механической энергией, а следовательно, и к увеличению потерь энергии.However, the known method involves the connection of a network with an electric motor through two channels. When the rotor speed is less than the equivalent synchronous speed, the electromagnetic energy is supplied to the engine through a channel with unregulated voltage, and part of the energy proportional to the slip value is returned to the network through a channel with a controlled voltage. This leads to an increase in the electric energy transmitted through the engine in comparison with the mechanical energy generated by it, and, consequently, to an increase in energy losses.

. Кроме того, наличие двух каналов связи сети с электродвигателем требует выполнения двигателя с двумя независимыми выходами. Это возможно лишь при совмещении функции двух машин с разными числами полюсов. Совмещенная Обмотка при этом не может быть выпол· йена с одинаково большими обмоточными коэффициентами относительно обоих чисел полюсов, что в конечном счете также приводит к увеличению потерь э нергии.. In addition, the presence of two communication channels of the network with the electric motor requires the execution of the motor with two independent outputs. This is possible only by combining the functions of two machines with different numbers of poles. In this case, the Combined Winding cannot be performed with equally large winding coefficients with respect to both numbers of poles, which ultimately also leads to an increase in energy losses.

Целью изобретения являемся уменьше-5 ние потерь энергии при преобразовании· электромагнитной энергии в механическую с регулируемой частотой вращения.The aim of the invention is the reduction of energy losses during the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy with an adjustable speed.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что· приложенное к фазам обмотки ста- 10 тора переменное напряжение изменяют по амплитуде от максимума до минимума·' с частотой, пропорциональной частоте вращения ротора, поочередно на каждой фазе обмотки статора в соот- 15 (ветствии с их пространственным положением при изменении напряжения нет сущей частоты от максимума до минимума с часторой пропорциональной частоте вращения ротора, поочередно на каждой фазе обмотки статора в соответствии с их пространственным положением по закону, содержащему основную составляющую вида либо где U^ - мгновенное значение напряжения i-ой фазы,’ ¹ - номер фазы;This goal is achieved by the fact that · the alternating voltage applied to the phases of the stator winding varies in amplitude from maximum to minimum · 'with a frequency proportional to the rotor speed, alternately on each phase of the stator winding in accordance with 15 (according to their spatial position when the voltage changes there is no real frequency from maximum to minimum with a frequency proportional to the rotor speed, alternately on each phase of the stator winding in accordance with their spatial position according to the law containing the main leaving either or where U ^ is the instantaneous voltage value of the i-th phase, ' ¹ is the phase number;

U_w - амплитудное значение напряжения·,U _w - the amplitude value of the voltage

Ш - угловая частота напряжения,¹Ь - время,' Ч* - угловая фаза напряжения; Λ - частота модуляции) *2? . - число фаз двигателя угловая фаза модуляции.W - the angular frequency of the voltage, ¹ b - time, 'H * - the angular phase of the voltage; Λ - modulation frequency) * 2? . - the number of phases of the engine angular phase modulation.

Известна машина с внутренним каскадом на различное число полюсов и с совмещенной обмоткой статора, имеющая большие массогабаритные показатели . 45A known machine with an internal cascade for a different number of poles and with a combined stator winding, having large overall dimensions. 45

Цель изобретения - улучшение массогабаритных показателей.The purpose of the invention is the improvement of overall dimensions.

доставленная цель достигается тем, что на роторе двигателя размещены короткозамкнутые контуры по продоль- 50 ной и поперечной осям, причем- короткозамкнутый контур по продольной оси включен на емкостное сопротивление.the goal is achieved by the fact that on the rotor of the motor there are short-circuited circuits along the longitudinal and transverse axes, moreover, the short-circuited circuit along the longitudinal axis is connected to the capacitance.

¹ На фиг.1 представлен вариант закономерности изменения напряжения на 55 зажимах фаз обмотки статора двигателя при реализации предлагаемого способа, содержащей составляющую ¹ Figure 1 shows a variant of the pattern of voltage change at 55 phase clamps of the stator winding of the motor when implementing the proposed method, containing a component

Uj-Uv^in (Wt+№)sin (Sit- ) кри.ч-₀· ⁶⁰ Uj-uv ^ in (Wt + #) sin (Sit-) critical.- ₀ · ⁶⁰

На фиг.2 - вариант изменения напряжения на зажимах фаз обмотки статора двигателя при реализации предлагаемо-65 го способа, содержащий составляющую ис М ^{й 2cos} } ^Л на фиг.З - расположение пульсирующей волны магнитной индукции в зазоре электродвигателя при реализации предлагаемого способа; на фиг.4 конструкция ротора электродвигателя для реализации предлагаемого способа.Figure 2 is a variation of the voltage across the phase clamps of the stator winding of the motor during the implementation of the proposed 65th method, comprising component I M ^2cos } ^L in Fig. H - the location of the pulsating wave of magnetic induction in the gap of the electric motor when implementing the proposed method; figure 4 the design of the rotor of the electric motor to implement the proposed method.

Прикладываемое к фазам односкоростной трехфаэной обмотки двигателя напряжение уравновешивается, в основном, электродвижущей силой, наведенной магнитным полем, возбуждаемым в зазоре двигателя. Поэтому положение пульсирующего магнитного поля в зазоре двигателя определяется положением 2Q фазы обмотки, к которой приложено наибольшее напряжение. На фиг.1 видно, что в начальное время t_o напряжение , прикладываемое к второй фазе двигателя, возрастает до максиме мума, причем оно находится в противофазе с напряжением первой и третьей фазы. Напряжение ϋφ^ первой фазы в это время возрастает от нуля, а напряжение Цф5 третьей уменьшается от 0,866 U и, s-itttvt . Поэтому ось пульси30 рующего с частотой ш магнитного поля в зазоре двигателя в начальный момент времени (фиг.З) располагается посредине между осями Ilf и II третьей и второй фаз >и с течением 35 времени перемещается в направлении к оси I I, затем I и т.д., совершая полный оборот (при 2&=2) за период Т» ΖΕ/Ω. .The voltage applied to the phases of the single-speed three-phase winding of the motor is balanced, mainly, by the electromotive force induced by the magnetic field excited in the gap of the motor. Therefore, the position of the pulsating magnetic field in the gap of the motor is determined by the position 2Q of the phase of the winding to which the highest voltage is applied. Figure 1 shows that at the initial time t _{o the} voltage applied to the second phase of the engine increases to the maximum of the maximum, and it is in antiphase with the voltage of the first and third phases. The voltage ϋφ ^ of the first phase at this time increases from zero, and the voltage of Φ5 of the third decreases from 0.866 U and, s-itttvt. Therefore, the axis of a magnetic field pulsating with a frequency w in the engine gap at the initial moment of time (Fig. 3) is located in the middle between the axes Ilf and II of the third and second phases> and with the passage of time 35 moves towards axis II, then I, etc. d., making a complete revolution (at 2 & = 2) for the period T »ΖΕ / Ω. .

Аналогичные процессы протекают 4Q при реализации закона изменения приложенных к фазам обмотки напряжений, содержащих составляющуюSimilar processes occur 4Q in the implementation of the law of change applied to the phases of the winding voltage containing component

В этом случае составляющие напряжений > ^υφα_’^υΦ3 несущей частоты отличают-, ся по фазе на 12(/⁵ . В момент. времени ^; (фиг.2) напряжение ϋφ^ и Цф£0|Ь7 ,In this case, the voltage components> ^υ φα_ ' ^υ Φ3 of the carrier frequency differ in phase by 12 (/ ^5. At the instant of time ^; (Fig. 2) the voltage )φ ^ and ϋφ £ 0 | b7,

Ось (фиг.З) пульсирующего с частог той (m-OpSl) магнитного поля в зазоре двигателя в этот момент располагается посредине между осями I I I и I I третьей и второй фазы. С течением времени напряжение первой и третьей фаз уменьшает ся~г1О амплитуде, а напряжение второй фазы увеличивается, и ось пульсирующего магнитного поля поворачивается в направлении к оси I I, затем к оси I и т.д., совершая полный оборот за два периода 2.Т - 2 (2)1/51).The axis (Fig. H) of the magnetic field pulsating with a frequency (m-OpSl) in the engine gap at this moment is located in the middle between the axes I I I and I I of the third and second phases. Over time, the voltage of the first and third phases decreases ~ r1O amplitude, and the voltage of the second phase increases, and the axis of the pulsating magnetic field rotates in the direction of axis II, then to axis I, etc., making a complete revolution in two periods 2. T - 2 (2) 1/51).

Таким образом, при изменении переменного напряжения от максимума до минимума поочередно н$ фазах обмотки статора электродвигателя, в воздушном зазоре, также как и в машине с внутренним каскадом, возбуждается пульсирующее магнитное поле, вращающееся с частотой, пропорциональной частоте изменения напряжения на зажимах обмотки. Если в этом магнитном поле размещен ротор, обладающий противоположными характеристиками по отношению к переменному магнитному полю по продольной и поперечной оси, вращающийся синхронно с указанным пе-т ременным магнитным полем, то любое отклонение оси ротора от оси пульсирующего магнитного поля приводит к возникновению момента, а следовательно, к электромеханическому преобразованию энергии.Thus, when the alternating voltage changes from maximum to minimum alternately at the $ phases of the stator winding of the electric motor, a pulsating magnetic field is excited in the air gap, as well as in a machine with an internal cascade, rotating with a frequency proportional to the frequency of the voltage change at the terminals of the winding. If a rotor is placed in this magnetic field that has opposite characteristics with respect to the alternating magnetic field along the longitudinal and transverse axes, rotating synchronously with the indicated alternating magnetic field, then any deviation of the rotor axis from the axis of the pulsating magnetic field leads to a moment, and therefore, to electromechanical energy conversion.

Для обеспечения требуемых свойств ротора по отношению к переменному магнитному полю, он выполнен шихтованным, например, с явно выраженными полюсами. По поперечной оси (фиг.4) ротор снабжен электрическими контурами 1, демпфирующими переменный магнитный поток. Функцию таких контуров могут выполнять пластины шихтованного магнитопровода при шихтовке вдоль оси ротора. По продольной оси ротор снабжен электрическими контурами 2, включенными на емкостное сопротивление 3, которые усиливают переменный (магнитный поток.To ensure the required properties of the rotor with respect to an alternating magnetic field, it is made laden, for example, with distinct poles. On the transverse axis (figure 4), the rotor is equipped with electrical circuits 1 damping an alternating magnetic flux. The function of such circuits can be performed by the plates of a charged magnetic circuit during charge along the axis of the rotor. The rotor is equipped with electric circuits 2 along the longitudinal axis, connected to the capacitance 3, which amplify the variable (magnetic flux.

Предлагаемый способ преобразования электромагнитной энергии в механическую может найти применение при разработке регулируемых электроприводов переменного тока, с параметрическим управлением с помощью тиристорных устройств или магнитных усилителей, а также автономных систем с электромеханическим преобразованием энергии. При регулировании скорости с постоянным моментом сопротивления на валу двигателя потери в сети и обмотке статора электродвигателя уменьшаются по сравнению с питанием машины с внутренним”каскадом в зависимости от частоты вращения. Уменьшение потерь в сети и обмотках двигателя обусловлено отсутствием циркуляции электромагнитной энергии, наблюдающейся в машине с внутренним каскадом и высоким значением обмоточного коэффициента односкоростной обмотки. В пределе, при неподвижном роторе, потери в участке сети между регулятором и двигателем могут быть уменьшены вдвое.The proposed method for converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy can find application in the development of controlled AC electric drives with parametric control using thyristor devices or magnetic amplifiers, as well as autonomous systems with electromechanical energy conversion. When adjusting the speed with a constant moment of resistance on the motor shaft, the losses in the network and the stator winding of the electric motor are reduced compared to powering a machine with an internal ”cascade depending on the speed. The reduction of losses in the network and the motor windings is due to the lack of electromagnetic energy circulation observed in a machine with an internal cascade and a high value of the winding coefficient of a single-speed winding. In the limit, with the rotor stationary, losses in the network section between the regulator and the motor can be halved.

Claims

The invention relates to electrical engineering and mainly to electric machines and alternating current electric drives. There is a known method of converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy, at which the voltage applied {1M to the terminals of the stator windings of the electric motor is controlled. The known method in which the frequency and amplitude of the voltage across the terminals of the stator winding phases are varied by modulating the voltage of the carrier frequency with the subsequent selection of the envelope of the resulting voltage flj. There is a known method in which the frequency and amplitude of the voltage at the terminals of the stator winding phases are varied by modulating the voltage of the carrier frequency and then rectifying the modulated voltage so that the pulsating voltage of the electric motor stator oscillates at a frequency proportional to the synchronous frequency of rotation. Engine containing constant component. Machines with internal gearing are known that can be used in an electric drive as a mutual connection of two electric motors 2. The closest to the present invention in terms of the technical nature of the electromechanical energy conversion processes that are in progress is EzD. However, the known method assumes that the network is connected to an electric motor; it uses two channels. When the rotor speed is less than the equivalent synchronous frequency of rotation, the electromagnetic energy is supplied to the engine through an unregulated voltage channel (and part of the energy, proportional to the amount of slip, returns to the network via an adjustable voltage channel). This leads to an increase in the electric power transmitted through the engine compared to the mechanical energy produced by it, and consequently, to an increase in energy loss. In addition, the presence of two communication channels of a network with an electric motor requires an engine with two independent outputs. This is only possible when combining the functions of two machines with different numbers of poles. In this case, the combined winding cannot be merged with equally large winding factors relative to both numbers of poles, which ultimately also leads to an increase in energy loss. The aim of the invention is to reduce the energy losses during the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy with adjustable rotational speed. This goal is achieved by varying the alternating voltage applied to the phases of the stator winding in amplitude from maximum to minimum with a frequency proportional to the rotational frequency. rotor, alternately at each phase of the stator winding in accordance with their spatial position when the voltage of a non-gigate frequency changes from maximum to minimum with a frequency often proportional to those rotor rotations, alternately on each phase of the stator winding in accordance with their spatial position according to the law containing the main component of the form and - (u / -t + if} 5in (at-tf -); (t2cos si-t- i - the instantaneous value of the voltage of the i-th phase is the phase number} and is the amplitude value of the voltage -, - angular voltage frequency - time, - angular voltage phase; - modulation frequency j w - number of phases of the motor angular phase modulation. A machine with an internal cascade 3} is known for a different number of poles and with a combined stator winding having large weight and size dimensions. indicators. The purpose of the invention is to improve the mass indicators. The delivered target is achieved by the fact that short-circuited circuits along the longitudinal and transverse axes are placed on the rotor of the engine, with the short-circuited loop along the longitudinal axis being connected to capacitive resistance. Figure 1 shows a variant of the HoJ iepHocTH variation of voltage at the terminals of the stator windings of the motor when implementing the proposed method containing component U. {u; t4v,) si ' (sit-2ffidl). Ma 2 - a variant of changing the voltage at the terminals of the stator winding of the motor during the implementation offers a method comprising UU - 2: cos Slt .S ,,, fig. 3 shows the location of the pulsating wave of magnetic induction in the gap of the electric motor when implementing 4, the design of the rotor of the electric motor for the implementation of the proposed method. Applied to the phases of a single-speed three-phase motor winding, the voltage is balanced by mainly the electromotive force induced by the magnetic field excited in the motor gap. Therefore, the position of the pulsating magnesium field in the motor gap is determined by the position of the phase of the winding to which the highest voltage is applied. In Fig. 1, it can be seen that at the initial time -f, the detection of if4, applied to the second phase of the engine, increases to a maximum, and it is out of phase with the voltage of the first and third phases. The voltage U0 of the first phase at this time increases from zero, and the voltage if5 of the third decreases from O, 866 and ui t. Therefore, the axis of the magnetic field pulsating with frequency w in the motor gap at the initial moment of time Q (Fig. 3) is located midway between axes IIf and II of the third and second phases) And with time it moves in the direction of the axis (I, then I and t .., making a complete revolution (at) for the period T 23t / fii. Similar processes occur when the law of variation of the voltage applied to the phases, containing the component and .-- u | + + cos at - 4) 3j siK, is applied u; t - 1 in this case, the components of the stresses If, If, 1., if, the carrier frequency is different, phase by 120. At the moment at the top (fig. 2), voltage i. U O | b7U si u; t-3Mtl) j and U -Qi3Uy sin uH; -2S | The axis (Fig. 3) of a pulsating with a frequency () magnetic field in the engine gap at this moment is located in the middle between the axes I I I and I I of the third and second phases. Over time, the voltage of the first and third phases decreases on the altitude, and the voltage of the second phase increases, and the axis of the pulsating magnetic poly rotates in the direction of axis II, then towards axis I, etc., making a full revolution in two periods 2 .Т - 2 (.ТГ / Й}. Thus, when the alternating voltage changes from maximum to minimum alternately on the stator winding phases of the electric motor, a pulsating magnetic field is rotated in the air gap, as well as in an internal cascade machine frequency proportional to cha voltage variation on the clips of the winding. If a rotor is placed in this magnetic field, having opposite characteristics to the alternating magnetic field along the longitudinal and transverse axis, rotating synchronously with the specified alternating magnetic field, then any deviation of the rotor axis from the axis a pulsating magnetic field gives rise to a moment, and consequently, to electromechanical energy conversion. To ensure the required properties of the rotor with respect to an alternating magnetic field, it performs n a laminated, e.g., with clearly vfazhennymi poles. Along the transverse axis (Fig. 4), the rotor is equipped with electric circuits 1, damping a variable magnetic flux. The function of such circuits can be performed by the laminated magnetic plate during the charging along the rotor axis. The longitudinal axis of the rotor is equipped with electric circuits 2 connected to capacitive resistance 3, which amplify alternating (magnetic flux. The proposed method of converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy can be used in the development of adjustable AC electric drives, with parametric control using thyristor devices or magnetic amplifiers., as well as autonomous systems with electromechanical energy conversion. When controlling the speed with a constant moment of resistance on the motor shaft, the losses in the network and the stator winding of the electric motor are reduced compared to the power supply of a machine with an internal cascade depending on the rotation frequency. The losses in the network and the motor windings are reduced due to the absence of electromagnetic energy circulation, observed in a machine with an internal cascade and high value , winding coefficient, single-speed winding In the limit with a stationary rotor, the losses in the network section between the controller and the motor can be halved. Claim 1. A method of converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy by the interaction of a magnetic field field pulsed in a direction moving along the bore of the rectangular axis created by the voltage of the carrier frequency supplied to the multiphase stator winding with a rotor, having different resistances along the longitudinal and transverse axes for alternating a magnetic field, characterized in that, in order to reduce electric power losses, an alternating voltage applied to the phases of the stator winding ud from high to low with a frequency proportional to the frequency of rotation of the rotor, alternately in each stator phase winding in accordance with their spatial location. 2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the voltage of the carrier frequency is changed according to the law containing the main component of the type C) 5in (Ql.) 3. Method according to Claim 1, d, l and h y and with the fact that the voltage of the carrier frequency is changed according to the law that contains the main component of the lead U, U ticos av "i si.u; t:, where (is the instantaneous value of the voltage of the 1st phase / number phase; amplitude value of voltage; angular frequency of voltage; time; angular phase of voltage; L — modulation frequency; y. — angular modulation phase} VW — number of motor phases 4. Electric motor for implementation The method according to claims 1-3, comprising a stator with a magnetic core and a multiphase winding and a laminated rotor with clearly expressed poles, characterized in that, in order to improve the engine weight and dimensions, short-circuited circuits along the transverse and longitudinal axis are placed on the motor rotor the short-circuited contour along the longitudinal axis is connected to capacitance. Information thread readers taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 240092 Cl. H 02 R 05/42, 1969.

2. Adamenko A.I., Antonenko A.I. The prospect of using machines with an internal cascade. Problems of technical electrodynamics, v.46, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 1974.

3. USSR author's certificate number 235184, cl. H 02 R 7/78, 1967,