SU1356134A1 - Independent electric plant with thyristor motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to adjustable electrical AC machines for various purposes when operating from a frequency converter with direct communication, and can be used in electric drive and vehicle power supply systems. The aim of the invention is to reduce the ripple torque of a valve electric motor and to improve the energy, dynamic and weight and size parameters. The goal is achieved by using two additional inductor machines mounted on the same shaft, the inductors or ring stator windings of which are shifted relative to each other by and / 2 el. hail. The windings of the additional inductor machines induce sinusoidal and cosine components of the resulting emf, the amplitude and phase of which are controlled by varying the excitation current of the additional inductor machines using the amplitude-phase regulator. The resulting emf of additional inductor machines is included in the AC circuit of the power source or the electromechanical part in antiphase with the pulsations of the articulated DPS of the electromechanical part of the valve motor and the voltage of the power source. 4 hp ff, 11 ill. W (L with cd O5: about 4

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to adjustable AC machines for various purposes when operating from a direct link frequency converter (PChNS) and can be used in an autonomous electrical equipment system (ASE) of vehicles with valve electric motors ( VD).

The aim of the invention is to reduce the pulsations of the time of the VD and the improvement of the energy, dynamic and mass-dimensional indicators of ASE.

FIG. an ASE diagram is shown in which additional machines are located both on the shaft of an electromechanical converter (EM11) VD, as well. and on the generator shaft with windings of additional machines connected to the alternating current circuit of the generator; figure 2 - the same, with the windings of additional machines connected to the circuit of the alternating current EMF VD; on fig.Z the same, with the windings of additional machines in the generator circuit, and in the EMP BD circuit; 4 shows an ASE with additional machines on the generator shaft and their windings in the generator circuit; Figure 5 - the same, with windings of additional machines in the EMP VD circuit; figure 6 is the same, with additional machines on the shaft of the EMP VD and their windings in the generator circuit; 7 - the same, with additional windings in the circuit EMF VD; Fig. 8 shows the electrical circuit diagram of the PHC; Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of additional inductor machines (a section in the plane passing through the axis of the machine); figure 10 is an end view of the additional machine; Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an amplitude-phase regulator.

The ASE contains an alternating current generator 1, an EMF 2, a winding which is connected to the output of the PChNS 3, a control system 4. (SU), a frequency sensor 5 and a phase DCF of the EMF 2 voltage, a frequency and phase sensor 6 (DCF) generator 1 voltage, rotational speed sensor 7 (dhvv) of the rotor of the generator 1, rotational speed sensor 8 (dchv) of the rotor of the emf 2, the first 9.1 and the second 9.2 4p, t-pole additional electric cars, the third 9.3 and fourth 4p, j m-pole additional electric machines, the first 10.1 and the second 10.2 amplitude-phase regulators (PRA).

In the ASE, to limit the pulsations, the rectified voltage of the generator 1, two 4p-pole electric machines are used, the rotors of which are rigidly connected to the rotor of the alternator 1. The winding of the cores of each of the additional electric machines 9.1 and 9.2 contains six single-phase sections. Each of the sections is made of two branches located one relative to the other at an angle T / 2p | t- and interconnected by their own different conclusions. Such an implementation of the winding sections of the core makes it possible to excite the influence of the constant component of the forward current of the VD on the main flow of the additional electric machine. The sections with the same name of the additional machines are connected in series and in accordance with the image of a pair of sections. Every two pairs of sections are interconnected with each other sequentially and according to. Each pair of winding sections of additional machines 9 and 9o2 is connected with one of its free clips to one of the input terminals of the PCNS 3 (Fig. 8), the other clips of each of the pairs of sections are connected to the clips of one of the phases of the generator 1 (Fig. 3). The additional electric machines 9.1 and 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4 are made with the possibility of generating voltage on their like sections with a 1/2 el. Phase shift. Adjustment of the amplitude and phase of the total voltage of the first and second additional machines is carried out using the first PRA 10.1, the first input of which is connected to the control input corner of the SU 4, the second input is connected to the output of the alternator voltage generator 7 of the generator rotor:. The outputs of PRA 0., 1 are connected to the excitation windings of the first 9.1 and second 9.2 additional machines.

In order to limit the ripple of the alternating voltage of the EMF 2, two 4p 1-pole additional electric machines 9.3 and 9.4 are used, the rotors of which are rigidly connected to the EMF 2 rotor. The winding of the core of each additional machine 9.3 and 9.4 contains six single-phase sections. Each section is made of two branches located one relative to the other at an angle TG / 2p m

and interconnected by their opposite names. The sections of the same name with additional machines 9.3 and 9.4 are connected in series and in accordance with the image of a pair of sections. Every two pairs of sections are interconnected in series and according to. Each pair of winding sections of additional machines 9.3 and 9.4. one of its free terminals is connected to one of the output terminals of the PChNS 3 (Fig. 8), the other terminals of each of the pair of sections are connected to the terminals of one of the phases of the EMF 2 (Fig. 3). The amplitude and the third-day voltage regulation the fourth additional machines 9 are produced using the second PRA 10.2, the first input of which is connected to the control input of the angle of advance 4 of the SU 4, the second input is connected to the output of the AFC 8 of the rotor of the EMF 2. The second outputs of the PRA 10.2 are connected to the excitation windings of the third 9.3 and fourth 9.4 additional machines .

In one modification, a pair of sections of the first 9.1 and second 9.2 additional machines are connected in series and in accordance with the pairs of sections of the third 9.3 and fourth 9.4 additional machines, forming a group of sections every two groups of sections are connected together in series and according to each group of winding sections with one of their free the clamps are connected to one of the input terminals of the PChNS 3, the other clamps of each of the groups of sections are connected to the clamps of one of the phases of the generator 1 (Fig. 1), or each group of winding sections with one of its free clamps p Connected to one of the output terminals of the PChNS 3, the other clips of each of the groups of sections are connected to the terminals of one of the phases of EMF 2 (figure 2).

PCNS 3 (Fig. 8) contains eighteen valves combined into 2 t three-phase zero groups of relative output terminals PCNS 3 (input groups) and 2 tons of three-phase zero groups relative to the input terminals of PCNS 3 (output groups). In each input or output groups, the valves are connected by anodes or cathodes, forming 2 tons of input and 2 tons of output terminals of the PCNS 3.

The ASE, whose diagrams are depicted in FIGS. 4-7, are private

cases of ASE in FIGS. 1-3, when they contain only additional machines, either on the generator shaft or on the shaft ECH VD.

In an ASE, with phase regulation of the generator voltage and the EMF voltage in an equivalent rectified high-voltage current, except for the constant component,

contains a variable component of the current, due to the ripple of the high voltage generator, the frequency of the main harmonic is 2 times higher than the frequency of the voltage of the generator, and variable current component due to the pulsation of the rectified voltage of the electromagnetic field, the frequency of the main harmonic in 2x times the frequency of the EMF voltage,

The amplitude and phase of the main harmonic of the pulsations of the alternating voltage of the generator vary with the switching angle oi, and the amplitude changes according to the expression:

a.m il K tg c Uj cosoi,

(I)

where uj is the rectified voltage

generator at about 0; K is the number of pulsations during the period of the generator voltage frequency

In the first approximation, the dependence of the amplitude of the main harmonic of the pulsations on the inclusion angle oi can be represented as

40

d.m -aco, sinc.

(2)

where a is a constant coefficient;

CO, - is the frequency of rotation of the rotor of the generator, which in autonomous systems is, in general, variable. The phase of the main harmonic of the pulsations is proportional to the angle of inclusion and is equal to

Lf 2tbb.

(3)

When adjusting about-from zero to 2 k / 3 of the electric frequency of the generator voltage, the phase shift of the fundamental harmonic of the pulsations is 4 t TG / 3 ,. that when m 3 will be two periods of the frequency of the main harmonic of the pulsations.

The amplitude and phase of the main harmonics of the pulsations of the rectified voltage of the electromagnetic field vary when the switching angle of jb is advanced, the amplitude of the main harmonic is determined by the ratio

- 2 J

1 + K tg fl E, cos / E,

 ABOUT

(ABOUT

where E, - rectified is the contra-emf of the EMF at 1 O,

In the first approximation, the law of variation of the amplitude of the main harmonic of pulsation from the advance angle can be represented as follows:

E

b.

(five)

where b is a constant coefficient;

COj is the rotor speed.

The phase of the fundamental harmonic of the pulsations is proportional to the advance angle AND, and is equal to

. q) 2m | 3.

(6)

When adjusting from zero to T / 3 zlgrad, the frequency of the EMF voltage, the phase shift of the fundamental harmonic of the pulsations is 2 tT / S, which is equal to the period of the frequency of the main harmonic of the pulsations.

To limit the ripple voltage, a voltage is introduced into the alternating current generator or EMI circuit, which is antiphasic to the fundamental harmonic of the pulsations of the alternating voltage of the generator and the electromagnetic voltage generated by additional electric machines. The regulation of the VVODSH-1OHO phase, for example, Kenya is based on the fact that the amplitude of the sum of the voltage of two electric machines installed with the possibility of generating an oscillating voltage on their sections of the same name with phase SD.IGOM 1G / 2 el hail, single frequency, is determined by the expression

E.

- / l i- fM GM 5 phase - by the ratio

cf arctg E, / e ,.

(eight)

When the amplitudes of the first machine voltage are sinusoidally 0

five

0

five

0 5

0 5 0

five

by the law, and the second, by the cosine-law law, we obtain the total 1 stjump of two electric machines with a constant amplitude and a phase regulated over a wide range.

Thus, to limit the oscillations of the rectified voltage of the generator, a voltage is generated by means of two electric machines, the amplitude of which is proportional to the sine of the switching coal and the frequency of rotation of the generator's rotor according to expression (2), and the phase is proportional to the angle oi of inclusion according to the equation (3 ). To limit the pulsations of the rectification of the EMF voltage by means of an electric machine, a voltage is formed, the amplitude of which is proportional to the sine of the wake angle and the rotor speed of the EM1 according to the expression (H), and the phase is proportional to the angle of the advance according to the equation (. 6). In both cases, the regulation of the amplitudes and phases of the voltages is made by acting on the excitation currents of the additional electric machines.

ASE works as follows.

ES: 2 receives power from the alternator through the PChNS 3, which is powered by SU 4 from DCF b of generator 1 voltage and DCF 5 of EMF 2 voltage. The voltage applied to the terminals of EMF 2 and its frequency-rotation at constant currents, the excitation, day EMF 2, and load are determined mainly by the voltage of the generator 1, the on angles} and the ci and the lead / 3. During the operation of the ASE, the input and output groups of the PChNS 3 ventilation groups are periodically switched in accordance with the DCF signals 5.6. So that at each time point during the intercommutation period, two phases of the EMF 2 are connected to the two phases of the generator 1 with two successively connected pairs of sections of the first and second 9.2 additional ones of 1 electric machines and with two sequences of connected pairs of sections of the third 9.3 and fourth 9.4 additional electric machines. When sections are turned on, additional machines are connected from the input terminals of the PChNS 3 (FIG. 2.4.6), switching occurs at the switching frequency of the input groups of the PChNS 3 valves, and when switched on from the output terminals of the PChNS 3 (Fig.3,5,7) - with the switching frequency of the output groups of the PCNS 3 valves. The total voltage of the first 9.1 and second 9.2 additional electric machines is controlled in phase and amplitude by the first PRA 10.1 in accordance with the control signal and frequency of rotation, generator rotor 1, and the total The voltage of the third 9.3 and fourth 9.4 additional electric machines in phase and amplitude is produced by the second PRA 10.2 in accordance with the control signal. Ua and frequency of rotation. rotor Sl ffl 2. At the same time decrease (increase) U; leads to an increase (decrease) in the switching angle and, in accordance with expression (2), the first PRA 10.1 increases (decreases the amplitude of the total voltage of the first 9.1 and second 9.2 additional machines and corrects its phase by changing the ratio of the amplitude of the voltages of the first and Second additional electric machines. When changing the rotor speed of the generator 1, the first PRA 10.1 adjusts the amplitude of the total voltage of the first 9.1 and second 9.2 additional machines.

Similar processes occur when Uo and O are changed.

The additional electric machines used 9.1-9.4 (FIGS. 9 and 10) include an excitation winding in the form of an annular coil 11, an inductor 12 with Z-teeth, mounted on a shaft 13, an annular stator 14, a toroidal stator winding 15. Amplitude Additional inductor machines are controlled by varying the excitation current in the coil 11. It creates the main flow in the machine indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 9), which passes through both the teeth of the inductor and the ring stator wound from the tape, the bottom and the winding 15. the stator. - In the single-phase winding 15 of the stator, an emf is induced with a frequency equal to / 60 or, where n, n is the rotation frequency of the rotor of the generator and the rotor of the EMF 2. The principle of operation and the features of the working process of additional electric machines are described in detail in the technical literature.

Inductors 12 of two identical electric machines of the same type can be made with a shift relative to each other by T / 2 el. Degrees, and the winding of the core of the first additional machine is made without spatial shift relative to the winding of the core of the second additional machine or inductors of 12 of the same type of additional machines are completed without spatial shift each other relative to each other, and the winding of the core of the first additional machine is shifted relative to the winding of the core of the second additional machine to T / 2 el.grad.

PRA 10 (FIG. 11) contains a matching device 16, a functional transducer (AF) 17 that implements the sine function, the first 18, and the second 19 functional transducers that implement the cosine function, the first to third amplifiers 20-22 with adjustable gain, the first 23 and second 24 output amplifiers. In this case, the outputs of the first 23 and second 24 output amplifiers are connected to the excitation windings of two additional machines of the same type. The first output amplifier 23 is connected to the output of the first amplifier 20 with adjustable gain, the information input of which is connected to the output of the FP 17, which implements the sine function, and the control input is connected to the control input of the second amplifier 21 with adjustable gain and the third variable gain amplifier 22 controlling the input of the generator 1 rotor connected to the DCF 7 or the remote control EMF 2 rotor 8 of the EMF 2, and the information input connected to the output of the second AF 19 realizing) cosine, the input of which is connected to the control input of the angle of incidence or advance angle / 5 SU 4 and to the input of the matching device 16, the output connected to the input of the FP 17, realizing the sine function, and the input of the first FP 18, realizing the function of the cosine whose output is connected with the information input of the second amplifier 21 with adjustable gain, the output connected to the input of the second output amplifier 24.

PRA 10 works as follows.

The control signal for the firing angle Φ (jb) of the SU 4 is fed to the input of the FP 17, which implements the sine function, and the first FP 18, which implements the cosine function J via the matching device 16, which serves to match the control signal U (Ua) with the input voltage of the FP 17, 18. The input-output characteristics of the FP 17 and 18 are described by the expressions:

Ug ,,, And sin (180 and,

5X P

/BUT);

and.

 A cos (180 Ug ,, .. / A),

 OUT 18 io, li ugji ,,

and the matching device 16 - the equation

and

OUT 16

A (1 + 2p) -B UB ,,

And - the maximum value of the input signal;

B - the ratio of the maximum output signal to the input signal, corresponding to the

and

8Ы1С

 o, n 2U ,,,, / A

 whole number j, n o, i.

For a range of adjustment of the phase equal to the period of the main harmonic frequency of the pulsations, n O, and for a range of adjustment of the phase equal to two periods of the frequency of the main harmonic of the pulsations 3 n,

The output signals of the FP 17, 18 arrive at the information inputs of the amplifiers 20, -21 and set the gain factors of the amplifiers 20, 2, i.e. the ratio of the amplitudes of the voltages of additional electric machines, thereby determining the phase of their total voltage.

The amplitude of the voltages of the additional electric machines is determined by the magnitude of the control voltage and (s) of the incoming power to the control inputs of the amplifiers 20, 2 through the FP 195 which implements the cosine function according to the expression

U8b, V, 9 UB.).

and a third amplifier 22, the gain of which is adjusted depending on the frequency of rotation of the rotor of the generator I (EMI 2). Thereby, an additional regulation of the amplitude of the cus is performed: the 1march voltage of the additional machines as a function of the rotor speed of the generator 1 (EMI 2).

Thus, the use of additional electric machines can reduce the weight of the NEA by eliminating the throttles, the mass of which

strict requirements for the pulsations of the moment of the BD can be one order with the mass of the EJ1, and to ensure a wide range of frequency control, it is necessary to overestimate the set power of the throttles. The proposed additional inductor machines that ensure the limitation of the pulsations of the moment in a wide frequency range of rotation have significantly less mass and installed power. Reducing the installed power of additional inductor machines compared to throttles allows for improved energy ASE characteristics both due to the exclusion of the main harmonic of the current pulsations, and due to the reduction of the losses from the higher harmonics of the current in the smoothing device.

Switching the throttle significantly improves the dynamic capabilities of the ASE by reducing the time constant of the converter's input circuit and allows you to increase the fast-response of the actuator from the DB.

Claims (5)

1. An autonomous electric equipment system with a valve-type electric motor containing a 2p (-polar t-phase alternator and a valve electric motor comprising a 2p-pole hectare electromechanical converter, the coils of which are connected via a frequency converter with direct connection The control circuits of which are associated with the input: a control system comprising inputs for adjusting the firing angle and the leading angle and the laterals associated with the output of the sensor and the voltage phase of the electromechanical core converter, frequency sensor and phase voltage of alternator and frequency sensors of rotation of the rotor of the generator and the rotor of the electron converter, o tn13 In order to reduce the ripple torque of the valve motor and improve the energy efficiency, dynamic and mass-dimensional parameters, two 4p, t-pole and / or two 4p t-pole electrical machines with excitation windings, rotors are additionally introduced into it the machines are rigidly connected to the generator rotor and / or the rotor of the electromechanical converter, and the first and / or second amplitude-phase regulator, respectively, with the winding of the core of each additional 4p, t-pole electrical ma It contains 2 tons of single-phase sections, the winding of the core of the T-pole electric machine contains 2 tons of single-phase sections, each of the sections is made of two branches located one relative to the other with a shift of 4p, t-pole machine at an angle of 1G / 2p | t, and in the Ap-pole machine, at an angle of 1G / 2p t and interconnected by their opposite conclusions, like sections of similar additional machines are connected in series and according to a pair of sections, every two pairs of sections are interconnected in series and according to each a couple winding sections 4p w-pole and / or 4p t-pole Additional machines with one of their free terminals are connected to one of the output terminals of the frequency converter, the other terminals of each of the pairs of sections are connected to the terminals of one of the phases of the electromechanical converter, or each pair of winding sections 4p, t-pole and / or 4p-pole. the additional machine is connected to one of its input terminals of the frequency converter by one of its free clips, the other clips of each of the pairs of sections are connected to the terminals of one of the generator phases, and the pairs of sections of two additional machines are connected successively to each other and to the phases of the core winding, additional machines are installed with the ability to generate voltage on their like sections with phase shift 1 | / 2 el. Deg., The first input of the first amplitude-phase regulator is connected to the input of the angle control of the control system, the second 50 five 0 5 Q 3412 the input is connected to the output of the rotational speed sensor of the rotor of the electromechanical converter, and its outputs are connected to the excitation windings of 4 p 1P-pole additional machines. 2. Sistema.po according to claim 1, which means that each amplitude-phase controller contains a matching device, a functional converter that implements the sine function, two functional converters that implement the cosine function, three amplifiers with adjustable gain, two output amplifiers, the input of the first output amplifier is connected to the output of the first amplifier with adjustable gain, the information input of which is connected to the output of a function converter that implements the function and the control input is connected to the control input of the second amplifier with adjustable gain and the output of the third amplifier with adjustable gain, information input connected to the output of the second functional converter, which is connected to the input of the matching device output connected to the input of a function converter that implements the sine function and the input of the first function converter that implements the cosine function, you Which is connected to the information input of the second amplifier with adjustable gain, the output connected to the input of the second output amplifier, in the first amplitude-phase regulator the output of the first output amplifier is connected to the excitation winding of the first 4p, t-pole machine, the output of the second output amplifier - c The second excitation winding 4p, t-pole machine, the control input of the third amplifier with adjustable gain is connected to the output of the generator rotor frequency sensor, the input of the second The functional converter that implements the cosine function is connected to the input of the control angle control, and in the second amplitude-phase regulator the output of the first output amplifier is connected to the excitation winding of the first 4p T-pole machine, the output of the second output amplifier is connected to the excitation winding of the second 4p the t-pole machine, the control input of the third amplifier with adjustable gain is connected to the output of the rotor speed sensor of the electromechanical converter, the input of the second fu The national transducer realizing the cosine function is connected to the input of the control angle advance control. 3. The system according to claims 1 and 2, that is, that the additional electric machines are made of an inductor type with electromagnetic excitation in the form of two ring coils, covering inductors made in the form of magnetically conducting teeth Z- figurative forms, shifted among themselves by 7 el. 4. The system of PP., Is about the fact that the inductors of additional machines are shifted relative to each other / 2 el.grad, and the angular position of the axis of the winding of the core of the first additional machine coincides with the angular position of the axis of the winding of the core of the second additional machine. 5. The system according to clauses I-3, which means that the angular positions of the inductors of the additional machines coincide, and the winding of the core of the first additional machine is shifted relative to the winding of the core of the second additional machine  T / 2 el.grad. Cpt№.1 FI.2. (puaz rieb fie5 srig7 fSSi2i: i2ii ii / J5 fie.Z fi $ b 15 (rig. and