SU939243A1 - Method of processing plastic waste - Google Patents

Description

(5) METHOD FOR PROCESSING WASTE OF PLASTICS

The invention relates to the production and processing of polymeric materials and can be used to obtain products from waste plastics.

There is a method of processing waste thermoplastics, including grinding the material to pieces of lamellar form, aging in a liquid or washing medium and melting 1.

The disadvantages of the method include the fact that the obtained products have low strength characteristics due to poor thermodynamic compatibility, and the fact that the composition and properties of the material and the resulting products are unstable.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect to the proposed is a method of recycling plastic waste, which is a mixture of thermoplastics selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyamide, by molding under pressure at a temperature above the melting temperature of one or several components. According to the method, a molten plastic waste is poured into a compression mold, which is mixed with steel or copper slag 2j

The disadvantage of this method is the low strength of the obtained products. In addition, the use of heavy slags as a filler results in highly specialized products with high specific gravity and low strength.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the strength of the products and intensify the molding process.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of processing waste JQ plastics, which are a mixture of thermoplastics selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyamide, by forming under pressure at a temperature above the melting temperature of one or more components, before forming into the cavity forms are placed 1-3 layers of reinforcing elements in the form of fabrics or fibers in the amount of wt.%, Example 1. A mixture of waste thermoplastics, consisting of,%: 25 polyethylene (PE), 25 polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 25 polystyrene (PS) and 25th floor iamide (PA), crushed on a rotor grinder of plastics with a rotor diameter of 300 mm (IPP-300) and a hole diameter of the calibrating grid of 12 mm. The particles of the crushed thermoplastics have a size of 3-10 mm. The crushed part is placed in a mold, the cavity of which is lined with GOST fiberglass and, after pressing, is covered with the same fiberglass. The amount of fiberglass is 810. The holding at a temperature of the mold of 145-155 ° C is 3-5 minutes per millimeter of the thickness of the product, with a specific pressure of 20-30 MPa. The form is cooled to 60-80 ° C and a material is obtained with a bending strength (i) T + O kg / cm; impact strength (A) 21 kgf - cm / cm; Unreinforced material has bending strength Gv 50 kg / cm strength at strike 12 kgf cm / cm. Example 2. Analogously to example 1, the prepared mixture of waste thermoplastics is reinforced with two layers of glass cloth in an amount of 16% and molded under the above modes. The resulting material has a bending strength) 155 kg / cm, impact strength (A) 25 kgf cm / cm. Example 3. Analogously to Example 1, the prepared mixture of waste thermoplastics is reinforced with three layers of glass cloth in an amount of 25% and molded under the selected mode. The resulting material has flexural strength. I. / / - h 4 g- "h / A. Soybean) 150 kg / cm, impact strength (A) 25 kgf-cm / cmH I. Example 4. A mixture of thermoplastic wastes, consisting of,%: kS PVC , 35 PE, 10 PS, 10 PA, prepared analogously to example 1, are reinforced with fiberglass and molded under the above modes. When reinforced in a single layer in an amount of 10, a material with a flexural strength b m) 80 kg / cm, impact strength (A) 18kg / cm / cm is obtained. Unreinforced material has a flexural strength of 2t kg / cm, and 12 kgf cm / cm at impact. 3 When reinforced in two layers, a material with a flexural strength (6i) of 100 kg / cm, a tensile strength (A) of 20 kgssm / cm is obtained. When reinforced in three layers, a material with a flexural strength () of 90 kg / cm is obtained; impact (A) 22 kgf-cm / cm. Example 5. A mixture of thermoplastic wastes consisting of,%: 45 PVC, 35 PE, 10 PS, 10 PA, prepared analogously to example 1, is reinforced with 5% of nylon fabric GOST 18 436-73 and molded under the above modes. When reinforced in a single layer, a material with a flexural strength (bi) of 60 kg / cm is obtained. The strength at impact (A) is 25 kgf-cm / cm /. With the reinforcement in the amount of 10 in two layers, a material with a flexural strength (GM) of 70 kg / cm, an impact strength of (A) of 2.5 kg / cm / cm is obtained. When reinforced in three layers in an amount of 15, a material with a flexural strength (G) of 75 kg / cm, more 5 kgf cm / cm, and impact resistance (A) is obtained. P and me r 6. A mixture of waste thermoplastics prepared similarly to Example 1, consisting of,%: 25 PVC, 25 PE, 25 PS, 25 PA, is molded under the above modes. When reinforced with GOST 12239-66 cotton fabric in one layer in an amount of 3, material with flexural strength ((Hz) 40 kg / cm, impact strength (A) 17 kgf cm / cm is obtained; When reinforced in two layers, 7% receive material with bending strength) 60 kg / cm, impact strength (A) 20 KGScm / cm. With the reinforcement in three layers in the amount of 12%, a material with a flexural strength (6i) of 50 kg / cm, and impact strength (A) of 18 kgss / cm is obtained. Unreinforced material has flexural strength (Ui 1 II o I IL t1. / "L /.; Strength, with impact (A) 12 KGScm / cm. Example 7. A mixture of waste thermoplastics, prepared as in Example 1, consisting of : ZZPE, 33 PA, ZZ PS, molded under the above modes.The mixture is placed in a mold, the bottom of which is lined with fiberglass and fiberglass waste GOST 8A81-61 in an amount of 20%, at least 10 mm long. At the same time, a material with flexural strength of 120 kg is obtained / cm, upon impact (A) 22 kgf cm / cm; Unreinforced material has strength with

Claims (1)

Claim A method for processing plastics waste, which is a mixture of ter; moplasts selected from the group polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyamide, by molding under pressure at a temperature above the melting point of one or more components, characterized in that, in order to increase the strength of the products and intensify the process molding, before molding, 1-3 layers of reinforcing elements in the form of fabrics or fibers in the amount of 3-25 wt.% are placed in the mold cavity.