SU931194A1

SU931194A1 - Rescue device

Info

Publication number: SU931194A1
Application number: SU802926185A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Гаяз Харисович Харисов; Яков Семенович Повзик
Original assignee: Высшая инженерная пожарно-техническая школа
Priority date: 1980-05-19
Filing date: 1980-05-19
Publication date: 1982-05-30

Description

Изобретение относится к спасательным средствам, а именно к индивидуальным спасательным средствам многоразового использования, применяемым для спасения людей при пожарах в высотных зданиях.The invention relates to rescue equipment, and in particular to reusable personal life-saving equipment used to save people during fires in high-rise buildings.

Известно спасательное устройство, содержащее смонтированный в корпусе тормозной механизм, регулировочную гайку для установки веса спасаемого человека и взаимодействующий с тормозным механизмом.гибкий элемент, один из концов которого закреплен на здании [1].A rescue device is known that comprises a brake mechanism mounted in the housing, an adjusting nut for setting the weight of the rescued person and interacting with the brake mechanism. A flexible element, one of the ends of which is fixed to the building [1].

Недостаток устройства заключается в том, что его подвижной элемент опускается по гибкому элементу вместе с человеком только в случае, если ниже спасаемого человека нет натяжения тросё за исключением натяжения, вызываемого собственным весом троса. Таким образом,^- устройство является неэффективным при одновременном спасении группы пострадавших посредст2 .вом нескольких подвижных элементов по одному гибкому элементу.The disadvantage of this device is that its movable element lowers along the flexible element together with the person only if there is no cable tension below the person being saved, except for the tension caused by the weight of the cable itself. Thus, ^- the device is ineffective while saving group affected posredst2 .vom several mobile elements one flexible element.

Цель изобретения - повышение эффективности работы.The purpose of the invention is improving work efficiency.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что в' спасательном устройстве, содержащем смонтированный в корпусе тормозной механизм, регулировочную гайку для установки веса спасаемого человека и взаимодействующий с тормозным механизмом гибкий элемент, один из концов которого закреплен на здании, тормозной механизм состоит из опорной колодки, опирающихся на нее через гибкий элемент ,п°лых роликов, заполненных вязкой жидкостью, роторов, установленных коаксиально в полости роликов, а регулировочная гайка подпружинена к роликам.This goal is achieved by the fact that in a rescue device containing a brake mechanism mounted in the housing, an adjusting nut for setting the weight of the rescued person and a flexible element interacting with the brake mechanism, one of the ends of which is fixed to the building, the brake mechanism consists of a support block supported by it through a flexible element, hollow rollers filled with viscous liquid, rotors installed coaxially in the cavity of the rollers, and the adjusting nut is spring-loaded to the rollers.

Кроме того, устройство имеет заполненный жидкостью радиатор, снабженный верхним и нижним предохранительными клапанами, причем одной.из, стенок радиатора является опорная колодка.In addition, the device has a liquid-filled radiator, equipped with upper and lower safety valves, and one of the radiator walls is a support block.

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93119311

При этом гибкий элемент выполнен в виде ленты.In this case, the flexible element is made in the form of a tape.

На фиг. 1 изображено спасательное устройство; на фиг. 2 - то же, про-', дольный разрез; на фиг. 3 “ разрез 5 А-А на фиг. 2; на фиг. 4 - предохранительный клапан, фронтальный разрез; на фиг. 5 ~ расположение шкалы учета веса спасаемого человека.In FIG. 1 shows a rescue device; in FIG. 2 - the same, pro ', longitudinal section; in FIG. 3 “section 5 AA in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - safety valve, frontal section; in FIG. 5 ~ location of the scale of accounting for the weight of the saved person.

Спасательное устройство имеет кольЧО цо 1, к которому крепится спасательный пояс, скобу 2, гибкий элемент 3, опорную колодку 4, корпус 5, полые ролики 6, рамку 7, роторы 8, регулировочную гайку 9 с маховиком, шток 15The rescue device has a ring 1, to which a rescue belt, a bracket 2, a flexible element 3, a support block 4, a housing 5, hollow rollers 6, a frame 7, rotors 8, an adjusting nut 9 with a flywheel, a rod 15 are attached

10, пружину 11, предохранительные клапаны 12, лопасти 13 и 14, крышку 15, гидравлический, клапан 16 и паровой клапан 17 с пружиной 18.10, spring 11, safety valves 12, blades 13 and 14, cover 15, hydraulic, valve 16 and steam valve 17 with spring 18.

Скоба 2 жестко прикреплена к опор- 20 ной колодке 4. Гибкий элемент 3 выполнен из синтетического материала в виде ленты. Регулировочная гайка 9 соединена с корпусом 5 посредством резьбового соединения и служит для 25 регулирования силы сжатия пружиныThe bracket 2 is rigidly attached to the support block 4. The flexible element 3 is made of synthetic material in the form of a tape. The adjusting nut 9 is connected to the housing 5 by means of a threaded connection and serves to 25 regulate the compression force of the spring

11, которая прижимает ролики 6 через гибкий элемент 3 к опорной колодке 5· На штоке 10 нанесена шкала для учета веса спасаемого человека. Предохранительный клапан 12 предотвращает повышение давления в радиаторе спасательного устройства при кипении охлаждающей жидкости.·11, which presses the rollers 6 through the flexible element 3 to the support block 5 · On the rod 10, a scale is applied to account for the weight of the person being saved. The safety valve 12 prevents the pressure increase in the radiator of the rescue device when the coolant is boiling. ·

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

При пожаре пострадавший одевает спасательный пояс, прикрепленный к кольцу 1, закрепляет карабин, прикрепленный к гибкому элементу 3, на прочной конструкции здания, устанавливает при помощи гайки 9 свой вес на шкале и покидает здание. Под действием веса человека опорная колодка 4 скользит по ленте, которая вращает ролики 6.In case of fire, the victim puts on a life belt attached to the ring 1, secures the carbine attached to the flexible element 3 on the solid structure of the building, sets its weight on the scale with the nut 9, and leaves the building. Under the influence of the weight of a person, the support block 4 slides along the tape, which rotates the rollers 6.

При превышении веса человека предельной силы трения ленты об опорную колодку спасательное устройство начинает двигаться. По мере того, как скорость вращения роликов 6 увеличивается, начинают сказываться силы внутреннего трения жидкости. Как. только эти силы'достигают величины, равной разности силы веса человека и силы трения ленты об опорную колодку, спасаемый человек опускается с постоянной скоростью. Зазор между лопастями 13 и 14 зависит от вязкос94 ти жидкости, а именно: чем меньше вязкость, тем меньше должен быть зазор. По мере увеличения веса человека необходимо увеличить силу торможения, что достигается путем увеличения силы прижатия ленты к опорной колодке посредством роликов 6 и пружины 11. В радиатор устройства охлаждающая жидкость заливается так, чтобы верхний предохранительный клапан 12 в вертикальном положении не касался жидкости. При интенсивной спасательной операции жидкость может быть доведена до кипения. Для предотвращения повышения давления в радиаторе он снабжен двумя предохранительными клапанами 12. Гидравлический клапан 16 предотвращает выход жидкости из радиатора при работе устройства и не препятствует проходу пара, а паровой клапан 17 предотвращает выход жидкости в любом положении устройства при его хранении и не препятствует проходу пара при работе устройства.When a person’s weight exceeds the maximum frictional force of the tape on the support block, the rescue device begins to move. As the speed of rotation of the rollers 6 increases, the forces of internal friction of the liquid begin to affect. How. only these forces reach a value equal to the difference between the force of the person’s weight and the friction force of the tape on the support block, the person being saved falls at a constant speed. The gap between the blades 13 and 14 depends on the viscosity of the liquid, namely: the lower the viscosity, the smaller the gap. As the weight of a person increases, it is necessary to increase the braking force, which is achieved by increasing the force of pressing the tape to the support block by means of rollers 6 and spring 11. Coolant is poured into the radiator of the device so that the upper safety valve 12 does not touch the liquid in a vertical position. In an intensive rescue operation, the liquid can be brought to a boil. To prevent the pressure increase in the radiator, it is equipped with two safety valves 12. The hydraulic valve 16 prevents the liquid from leaving the radiator during operation of the device and does not prevent the passage of steam, and the steam valve 17 prevents the release of liquid in any position of the device during storage and does not prevent the passage of steam when device operation.

Наличие фрикционного тормоза с прямолинейной опорной колодкой по сравнению с известным устройством позволяет избежать остановки спасательного устройства в случае, если тросом ниже устройства воспользуются другие люди, и дает возможность многократно использовать устройство на одном пожаре. Количество одновременно спасаемых людей при помощи троса предлагаемого устройства ограничивается только его прочностью. Наличие гибкого элемента, выполненного в виде ленты, и гидравлического тормозного механизма позволяет автоматически предотвратить движение спасаемого человека с ускорением, что дает возможность спасать детей, женщин, людей, не знакомых со спасательными устройствами, и даж£ людей, потеряв ·. ших сознание. Наличие жидкостного радиатора и двух предохранительных клапанов способствует надежной работе спасательного устройства в условиях непрерывной интенсивной работы.The presence of a friction brake with a straight support block in comparison with the known device avoids stopping the rescue device if other people use the cable below the device and makes it possible to reuse the device in the same fire. The number of people saved at the same time using the cable of the proposed device is limited only by its strength. The presence of a flexible element, made in the form of a tape, and a hydraulic brake mechanism can automatically prevent the movement of the person being saved with acceleration, which makes it possible to save children, women, people who are not familiar with rescue devices and even lose people ·. shih consciousness. The presence of a liquid radiator and two safety valves contributes to the reliable operation of the rescue device in conditions of continuous intensive work.

Claims

The invention relates to rescue means, namely to individual rescue means of multiple use, used to rescue people from fires in high-rise buildings. A rescue device is known which contains a braking mechanism mounted in a housing, an adjusting nut for setting the weight of a rescued person and a flexible element that interacts with a brake mechanism, one end of which is fixed to building C. The device’s failure is to lower the movable element along the flexible element man only if below the person being saved there is no tension of the cables except the tension caused by the own weight of the cable. Thus, the device is Ineffective at the same time saving a group of victims by means of several moving elements one by one flexible element. The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency. This target is achieved by the fact that in a rescue device containing a brake mechanism mounted in the housing, an adjusting nut for setting the weight of the person being rescued and a flexible element cooperating with the brake mechanism, one end of which is fixed to the building, the brake mechanism consists of a support block on it through a flexible element, hollow rollers filled with a viscous fluid, rotors mounted coaxially in the cavity of the rollers, and the adjusting nut is spring-loaded to the rollers. In addition, the device has a radiator filled with liquid, equipped with upper and lower safety valves, one of which is a support block. 3 In this case, the flexible element is made in the form of a tape. FIG. 1 depicts a rescue device; in fig. 2 - the same, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - safety valve, frontal section; in fig. 5 location of the scale of the weight of the person saved. The rescue device has a col 1, to which the rescue is attached, bracket 2, flexible element 3, support block k, body 5, hollow rollers 6, frame 7, rotors 8, adjusting nut 9 with a flywheel, rod 10, spring 11, safety valves 12, blades 13 and 14, cover 15, hydraulic, valve 16 and steam valve 17 with spring 18. Bracket 2 is rigidly attached to support block 4. Flexible element 3 is made of synthetic material in the form of a tape. The adjusting nut 9 is connected to the housing 5 by means of a threaded joint and serves to adjust the compressive force of the spring 11, which presses the rollers 6 through the flexible element 3 to the support block 5. A scale is applied to the stem 10 to take into account the weight of the person saved. The safety valve 12 npe / foT reverses the pressure increase in the radiator of the rescue device when the coolant boils. The device operates as follows. In the event of a fire, the injured person puts on a rescue body attached to the ring 1, secures the carbine attached to the flexible element 3 on the sturdy building structure, sets its weight on the scale with the help of a nut 9 and leaves the building. Under the action of a person's weight, the support block k slides on the belt, which rotates the rollers 6. When the weight of a person exceeds the ultimate strength of friction, the rescue device begins to move on the support block. As the speed of rotation of the rollers 6 increases, the forces of internal friction of the fluid begin to show. As soon as these FORCES reach values equal to the difference between the force of a person's weight and the force of friction of the tape on the support block, the person being saved is lowered at a constant speed. The gap between the blades is 13 and depends on the viscosity of four liquids, namely: the lower the viscosity, the smaller the gap must be. As the person's weight increases, it is necessary to increase the braking force, which is achieved by increasing the force of pressing the tape to the support block by means of rollers 6 and spring 11. In the device radiator, the cooling fluid is poured so that the upper safety valve 12 does not touch the liquid in a vertical position. During an intensive rescue operation, the liquid can be brought to a boil. To prevent the increase of pressure in the radiator, it is equipped with two safety valves 12. Hydraulic valve 1b prevents liquid from escaping from the radiator during operation of the device and does not prevent the passage of steam, and steam valve 17 prevents liquid from escaping in any position of the device during storage and does not prevent passage pair when operating the device. The presence of a friction brake with a straight-line bearing block compared to the known device allows avoiding the stopping of the rescue device in case other people use the cable below the device and makes it possible to reuse the device on the same fire. The number of people simultaneously rescued by means of the cable of the proposed device is limited only by its strength. The presence of a flexible element made in the form of a tape and a hydraulic brake mechanism automatically prevent the movement of a person being saved with acceleration, which makes it possible to save children, women, people who are not familiar with saving devices, and sales of people who have lost consciousness. The presence of a liquid radiator and two safety valves contributes to the reliable operation of the rescue device in conditions of continuous intensive work. Claim 1. A rescue device, containing a brake mechanism mounted in a housing, an adjusting nut for setting the weight of a rescued person and a flexible element cooperating with a brake mechanism, one end of which is fixed to the building, characterized in that, in order to improve work efficiency, the brake element the mechanism consists of a support block, supported on it through a flexible element of hollow rollers filled with a viscous fluid, rotors mounted coaxially in the cavity of the rollers, and adjusting Ike spring loaded to the rollers.

2. Device by. Section 1, that is, in that it has a radiator filled with liquid, equipped with upper and lower safety valves, and one of the walls of the radiator is a support block.

3. The device according to claim 1, .at tl and that the flexible element is made in the form of a tape. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1; US patent Vf kQ2k327, kp. 182-5, 1978.

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