SU928569A1 - Ac voltage-to-dc voltage converter - Google Patents

Description

(H) VARIABLE VOLTAGE CONVERTER TO PERMANENT

t

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to convert electrical energy in secondary power sources, mainly to obtain a relatively high voltage in the presence of lower voltage modules.

There are 1-, 2-, 3-way, t-ray valve AC / DC converters, which contain m sources of EMF variables that are out of phase relative to each other; and valves that form w single-loop rectifiers connected in parallel, each of which consists of a series of electromotive forces and a valve connected in series, the latter having the same switching direction in all beams, and the output of the converter is connected to the load l, L2l, and h.

The disadvantages of these beam transducers are relatively small (no more than 2, t the duration of the open state of the valve, limiting its use in time, low (less than the amplitude Sg EMF) value of the average voltage Uf, at a load for a given value, a relatively large amplitude Sg, which require .dl to provide a given UQ value, and, as a result, certain technical difficulties

10 while ensuring reliable isolation of the secondary windings of the transformer in the event of a high-voltage load, leading to an increase in its mass-dimensional and cost indicators

ts (MGP); obtaining a low voltage UQ and the need to limit the amplitude SQ in the case of valves with a given allowable amplitude LL ' reverse voltage, as a result,

30 the need to use a serial connection of valves in each beam, leading to an increase in the SHBG of the valve block, especially if it is necessary to install heat-radiators; comparatively high transducer SHCs overall, due to the factors mentioned above; as well as the impossibility of obtaining different voltages from one converter for supplying a number of loads. The closest to the invention is a step-beam transducer; Vatel containing ray stages connected by successively different-polar outputs, to the free outputs of which the load G is connected. However, due to the extremely scarce number of known circuit structures, the foam-beam type containing the same and equal to two or three the number of rays in each stage, they have very limited capabilities, and therefore the above disadvantages are generally preserved with. . The purpose of the invention is to expand the functionality, improve the quality and performance-energy indicators, namely the increase in the duration of the open state of the valves, exceeding the value inherent in t-beam circuits, equal to m 71 and Tc with, a decrease in the amplitude of phase EMF and the amplitude of reverse voltage on valves that influence their mass-dimensional, cost and reliability indicators, increase the amplitude and average values of voltage on the load without increasing the converted voltage, reducing the number of when they are connected in series, which requires, in case of need, reliable overlapping of the arising i on the valve shoulder of the reverse voltage, the possibility of providing power to the multichannel load without taking special measures (additional devices) and, therefore, without additional energy losses, the possibility of building higher voltage circuits On the basis of relatively low-voltage circuits of the beam type, the possibility of constructing any number of specific circuit structures of a step-beam type. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a variable-to-constant voltage converter, there are m sources of variable emfs and gates that form m-rays, each of which consists of series-connected one of the indicated sources of electromotive force and gates rays combined in stages, which contain parallel-connected rays and are interconnected in series with opposite-polar outputs, and a load is connected to the free outputs of the first and last stages ka, all steps are grouped into groups, groups are connected in series between each other, with each stage included in i / rio 1) xf rays, ix of such stages are connected to the L-th group with the total number / of groups in the nth link each of which contains the same. The total number of groups, and-1) y, rays so that) ..,. is the total number of rays: L A LM) chi S l) x, - NUMBER of rays in the nth link; , SA) - ,, the number of rays in the groups i -.-I ng of any link; : n is the number of rays in the i-th step of the group; vTl VI,, 1, -V are positive integers. In addition, in order to reduce power losses while providing power to a number of loads, the latter are connected to the outputs of the corresponding stages both with the same and with different levels of voltage, with common and / or different potential points. At the same time, there are no restrictions on the source of the EMF variables regarding the way in which such EMFs are formed. They can be formed in various ways - directly or in combination. In the first case, the variable EMF is switched on into the beam directly from the output of the driver or generator of a single-phase alternating voltage or from a given winding of the converter transformer, from the winding of the electric machine. In the second case, the variable EMF is formed by a combination of phase-shifted direct electromotive forces and / or their parts, for example, by connecting the main windings and / or their parts (taps) or additional windings to provide the necessary phase shift for the resulting EMF of other rays. Moreover, the vectors of the same main windings and / or their parts can participate in the formation of different phase-shifted vectors of the EMF variables of both this and different levels. Fig, 1 shows a block diagram of the device; in fig. Sr6 is the basic electrical circuitry of its simplest implementations with the number (Fig. 2.3), (Fig. I), (Fig. 5), (Fig. 6). Converter-1 (Fig. 1) with a load 4 connected to its outputs 2 and 3 contains Ph-links 5-6 from the first 5 to 6 links, each of which consists of / t (x groups 7-8 from the first 7 by Group 8 with stages 9-10 from the first 9 through ix / j 10 stages in each group 7-8 and with rays 11 connected in parallel in each stage 9-10, each –and beam 12 sequentially connected one of the m EMF 13 and the valve 14 when they are the same with all the other rays 11 in the direction of inclusion, and all the steps formed in this way are interconnected in series nopol polar terminals 15-20, and available terminals 21 and 22 are the outputs 2 and 3 .preobrazovatel 1. When the total number of m beams is equal to the number n where n xy h) hee, A number of beams in the n-th link.; lg-oy-tl- s -. . the number of rays in the X / -Y f-group of any nth link; yty ,,) (, is, respectively, the number of links in the group converter in the nth link, steps in the Dth group, rays in the ith step of the group; n, n, i, -V are positive integers. The total number is 1h x.ix / J) Since all the stages and the load are connected to each other, successively, when current flows through the load at least one of the valves, the thirst of the stage is open and the load is under voltage equal to the geometric sum of the current-generating EMF all iy steps. Of the number of Oy-ixi and the corresponding EMF of the i-th beam of the i-th stage, the current is conducted by the -, - and valve, whose EMF has the most (relatively positive direction) 9 "value compared to the remaining EMFs of this stage. Since these remaining EMFs of the йth stage determine at any time the potential of the electrodes of the corresponding valves connected to them, being at a given moment smaller in value than the EMF of an open valve, they form between these cathodes and anodes positive sweat difference ntsialov, lock them. Consequently, when one of the valves of this stage is open, the remaining Vy -1 valves are closed, and the amplitude Uofo of the voltage U at the load is not the arithmetic sum of the amplitudes ix of the EMF, defined by eMOI as (1X UQO, (2) (with amplitude-phase symmetry EMF, when Sc () as Uao ixS а. а а is equal to the modulus / mod JQ / of vector IL, equal to the vector sum iv of the emf S-, currently conducting current, or, otherwise, the sum of the vectors of these ix emf of all i) c steps Un - or, with a sinusoidal form of EMF and Sqi So, Ox d-Vxo .UQP SQ, where ij-determined from (1), a Sh, (2-6) it is obvious that UQO Ugp and with certain the amplitude-phase ratio of the emf is that the amplitude is always greater than 8 ° (learned, with S, is always greater than (equal to) SQ. Thus, sequential connection of the radiation steps allows, under certain conditions, to increase the stress UQ by load A Uao / Sci times relative to the amplitude SQ of the EMF of the beam transducers, or to ensure that the amplitude is equal to A times smaller than the prototype amillite U-- .. Accordingly, in the converter, the amplitude and the voltage across the valve are reduced, which determines the valve strength use significantly less high-voltage and, therefore, with the best MGHP power valves. At the same time, the duration Xxj l of the open state of the i-th valve, being at least 1 connection with O— {q 1P, is always greater than the value 79 corresponding to the known beam converters, which, compared with the latter, improves the use of gates in the proposed device at the time of their work. Moreover, in accordance with the validity of the conductivity of the valves (Uo 0), the valves of some stages, including single-loop, can, according to (4), be opened even in those cases when the EMF of this level is negative. This leads to a further increase in the duration X -yj of the corresponding gates, providing another difference in the solution from all known ones. Since each degree of the device is one of the known beam-type converters, the indicated possibility of operation of the valves with negative EMF values, and, accordingly, is greater than 2 IC / i). ,, J (in the single-beam stages x) than 1G, including 21G) of the duration of the valve that is open, is a crucially important feature of the converter that distinguishes it from the known converters of the beam and step-beam types, which also determines wider functional possibilities and devices. Increasing the duration of the open state of the valves in the converter, along with a decrease in the reverse voltage to them, improves the use of the valves installed in the device. All this leads to the end result in the improvement of the mass-dimensional, cost and reliability indicators of transformers, valves, cooling system (heat sink), the entire device. FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagrams and the corresponding vector diagrams of three (Fig. 2a) and two (Fig. 26) step-by-step nine-ray converters made (Fig. 1) on one three-phase or three single-phase transformers under the following implementation conditions:,, ,, (fig.2a) and ,, V ly 2, -) yY 3, (fig. 2П) or equivalent conditions:,, 3, 1хА (1, (fig. 2а) and,, 1, v 5 , l) 2 6 (Fig. 26). 98 Converter 1 (Fig. 2aJ to outputs 2 and 3 of which load k is connected) contains three stages 23 i2k and 25 three-beam rectifiers interconnected in series with opposite-polar outputs and with load 4 free outputs 2 and 3, which are outputs of converter 1. In accordance with the vector diagrams (Fig. 2a), steps 24 and 25, which ensured a phase shift of electromotive force in relation to stage 23 by 40 electrical degrees due to the connection of the main and additional parts of the windings in a zigzag. voltage U (3, nine rays of the vector diagram of which is shown in Fig. 2a, are located relative to each other at an angle of 40. The vector module, which determines the amplitude UOQ of the output voltage Uo, is equal to 2.53 So according to (5) , where SQI is the amplitude of any of the nine emfs, the average value of the UQ voltage Up, defined as 0) dV, (7) is 2, + 85. In Fig. 26, the designations and type of transformers are preserved (Fig. 2a) a two-stage nine-ray transducer is shown, in which the neck-ray stage 2C is formed by the combination of three main and six additional ones windings connected in a zigzag and providing, in accordance with the 5). 26 vector diagrams, phase shift EMF on 120 e. hail, with respect to the anti-polar vectors of the emf of the step. The converter (fig. 26) is also composed in accordance with the structure (fig. 1) and the number m of its rays is determined from an expression common to any single-ended single-link schemes, like x х: j. .v /. W For symmetric schemes, including for the device (Fig. 2a) (containing ij (steps of -ijj rays in each of them, the number m is equal to m) x) If the group contains if crypenes with the same number inside the group, - it / x - UChBY of each cry, then the number is determined as - iJ / XX.40 // 0) In accordance with the foregoing, the necessary data on the conditions for the circuit implementation of the structure (Fig. 1} to determine the number m) is indicated under the diagrams (Fig. 2a, b). according to the expressions (9 and 10) and the values of Uao, gY according to the expressions (5 and 7.) Fig. 3 shows the basic electrical diagram of the formation of nine EMF based on the use of one single-phase (spatial), or three three-phase or nine single-phase transformers (Fig. 3A), vector diagrams (Fig. 36) and variants of the three-dimensional electrical diagrams (Fig. Sv) two tons (Fig. 3g ) and chetyreh (Fig. Zd) stepwise nine ray converters, implemented according to the general structural diagram (Fig. 1) and in accordance with the implementation conditions shown in Fig. Sv, d, d. Other types of step-beam valve transducers are implemented in a similar way, some basic electric circuits for which an EMF is formed, vector diagrams and basic electric circuits of a number of their simplest variants are shown in FIG. , 5,6 with preservation of the overall picture of their image, taken in FIG. 3, and their inherent general property, which provides for the construction of relatively high-voltage converters by recruiting them from lower-voltage unified modules. The latter also characterizes the expansion of the functional and constructive capabilities of the solution in comparison with the known ones. In addition, the converter allows, without taking special measures, and, therefore, without additional devices and power losses in them, to supply a significant number of loads, and with both the same and different voltage levels with common or different potential points. Kami. The valves used in this case can be both uncontrollable and controllable, and the latter can be symmetrically controlled (in the sequence of successive EMF and controlled in any combination 9235 5 9 sequence). This is done using a microprocessor control system. In this way, a step-beam valve converter of alternating voltages into a constant is implemented, in which the functionality has been expanded and an improvement in the number of qualitative and operating-energy indicators has been achieved, at the same time as the simplicity of the circuit (the solution). Forms of inventions 1. A converter of alternating voltages into a constant, contains sources of variables for EMDS gates, forming m rays, each of which consists of sequentially one of the indicated sources of emf and valve, the latter having the same switching voltage in all beams, about, connected in stages, which contain parallel-connected beams and are interconnected in series with different polarity outputs, and a load is connected to the free outputs of the first and last stages , characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, improve the quality and energy performance indicators, all the stages are grouped into groups, groups into links interconnected p therefore, each step includes L rays, iy of such steps is connected to the / J-th group with the total number of groups in the n-th, link, each of which contains the same number of groups u1) y, ray-like, which is the total number of rays ; LA number of rays in the p-ji / t m link; v S x-iUr is the number of rays in the i-th group of any link; - the number of rays in the 1st stage of the DDA group, m, n, l, i ,, are positive integers. 2.. The converter according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce power losses while providing power to a number of loads, the latter are connected to the outputs of the corresponding stages both with the same and with different voltage levels, with

n

 and-or different potential points.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

1. Belopolsky I.I. , Power sources of radio devices, M ,, Aergi, p. 69

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2. Belopolsky I.I., Repin A.M. Khristianov A.S., Stabilizers of low and millivolt voltages. M., Energii, p. 8, 10, 11.

3. Journal Devices and means of automatization, 19bЗ, № 3, p. 180.

k. Patent of the USSR No. 777, cl. H 02 M 7/10, 1925.

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Claims (2)

15 claims 1. The converter of alternating voltages into a constant voltage, contains sources of alternating EMF and valves, forming 20 rays, each of which consists of one of the indicated EMF source and a valve connected in series, the latter having the same switching voltage in all 25 rays combined in stages. which contain parallel-connected beams and are interconnected sequentially by bipolar outputs, and to the free outputs of the first and last stages, the electrical circuits jq EMF formation which s, vector diagrams and circuit diagrams of a number of their simplest variants are shown in FIG. 4,5,6 while preserving the overall picture of their image, _3J adopted in FIG. 3, and their inherent general property, which ensures the construction of relatively high-voltage converters by recruiting them from lower-voltage unified modules. The latter also characterizes the expansion of the functional and constructive capabilities of the solution in comparison with the known ones. 45 In addition, the converter allows, without special measures, | And, therefore, without additional devices and power losses in them, to provide significant 50 the number of loads, both with the same and different voltage levels ^ with common or different potential points. The valves used in this case can be either uncontrolled or controlled, and the latter can be symmetrically controlled (in a sequence of emfs following one after another ) ^ and a load is controlled in any combination, characterized in that, in order to expand functional capabilities, improve quality and energy performance indicators, all stages are combined into groups, groups into links, connections interconnected sequentially, while each i / 4th step includes a ray, ίχ ^ of such steps is connected to the / Jth group with a total number of k groups in the nth, link, each of which contains the same number of groups and 4 ^ rays · So that p ", p, D1, H the total number of rays; the number of rays in the n-th link; the number of rays in the / 1st group of any link; the number of rays in the i-th stage of the L * th group, positive integers. 2.. Converter on π. 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce power losses while providing power to a number of loads, the latter are connected to the outputs of the corresponding stages with the same or with different voltage levels, s 11 928569 · 12 common and / or different potential points.