SU1112513A1 - Versions of step power source - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Staged power supply, made in the form of a converter, containing twelve valves and one three-phase or three single-phase transformers, the power windings of which form input terminals, and each of the three valve windings is connected to two valve cells in series through two lines in each of them, to form a step, while free anodes of two valves connected to the first valve winding, and accordingly free cathodes of two valves connected to the third valve / winding, they are interconnected and form output pins, characterized in that, in order to improve energy and mass-dimensional indicators, as well as reliability and cost, the remaining eight valves are interconnected four in series in opposite two in series according to the included four-valve rings , to the combined anodes of the valves of the first of which are connected to the SU ,,,, t 112513 A 3C5D H 02 M 9 / OOj H 02 M 7/06; H 02 M 7/48; H 02 M 3/44 The first winding is not connected, and the second and third valve windings are connected to the combined cathodes of the first and second ring valves, respectively. 2. The source of claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of at least two identical converters. 3. The source according to claim 2, characterized in that the converters are interconnected by output terminals in series or / and in parallel, oppositely, or according to. 4. Source according to paragraph 3, differing in that the valve windings of the steps at the junction of the transform (H different names. 5. Source of paragraph 3 of C, characterized in that the valve windings of the steps at the junction of the converters are the same. 6. Source of Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the valves connecting N5 in series according to the included transducers, cd form a four-fan valve ring, to the combined anodes of the valves which are connected a valve winding of one stage, and to the combined cathodes - a winding of another stage.power supply, containing twelve valves and one three-phase or three single-phase transformers, each of the three valve windings through two lines connected to two valve cells in series according to the two valves in each of them, forming

Description

step, while the free anodes of the two valves connected to the first valve winding, and accordingly the free cathodes of the two valves connected to the third valve winding, are interconnected and form input outputs, characterized in that, in order to improve the energy and weight and size parameters, and also reliability and cost, the remaining eight valves are interconnected in four in series according to the included four-valve rings, to the combined anodes of the valves of the first of which are connected erva gate winding, and the cathodes to the combined first and second valves rings connected respectively second and third valve winding.

8 Source according to claim 7, in connection with the fact that, in order to improve the switching capacity, additionally introduced switching capacitors are connected between the combined anodes and the combined cathodes of the first and the combined cathodes of the second ring valves.

9. The source according to claim 7, characterized in that it is supplied

513

tertiary windings connected in series according to each other through a switching capacitor.

10. Source of PP. 7 and 8, characterized in that the valve windings are bridged by switching capacitors, and the additionally introduced dosing capacitor is included in the cutting of one of the lines of each valve winding.

11. The source of PP. 7, 8 and 10, characterized in that the cutting of one of the associations of the anodes of the first valves and the associations of the cathodes of the second rings of the valves, as well as one of the connections of these rings among themselves, additionally introduced inductive elements that are magnetically connected or unrelated , to the middle points of which one of the lines of the corresponding valve winding is connected.

12. The source of claim 11, wherein the inductive elements are shunted by additionally driven auxiliary capacitors.

13. Source of PP. 7-12, in that the storage capacitor is connected between the input terminals.

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as an uncontrolled or controlled (regulated, stabilized) secondary power source of increased constant or any alternating voltage (current), for example, three-phase, with relatively high demands on the quality of energy conversion, economy and reliability. .

Known power supply sources containing three-phase valve bridges (Larionov) ij connected in series with each other.

However, such sources have an increased number of ventilation windings and reduced efficiency.

A step-by-step power supply is known, containing, for the same number of steps, a smaller number of windings and based on the connection of a constant voltage source to three in series according to the single-phase controlled gate bridges (Gretz-Po lacquer) connected via DC terminals (AC diagonal) Six lines are connected to the valve windings of one three-phase or three single-phase power transformers. Their power windings form the output terminals, and the device converts the direct current into the alternating current. At the same time, to compensate for the negative impact of the reactive (inductive) energy produced in the circuit, the source is additionally equipped with switching capacitors shunting each of the network windings.

The device is characterized by relatively stable operation with overloads, relatively good dynamic performance, reduced reverse voltage at the valves, as well as a rather efficient use of switching capacitors due to the flow of current through an increased (triple) frequency pj.

The drawbacks of the device are relatively poor energy and weight and size parameters, due to the relatively low efficiency due to the relatively large number of B- valves, simultaneously sequentially flowing around the load current in each of the six current paths, and the relatively high voltage on the windings complicating problems of high-voltage insulation, due to the small number of i) (steps ().

Closest to the invention is a stepped power source containing three single-phase transformers, the network windings of which are connected to a three-beam star, and each of the three valve windings is connected via two lines (L 2) to two valve cells in series according to the connected valves, the cells are connected in parallel by themselves, forming the four-branch Gretz-Pollack bridge, and all three bridges along the DC circuit are connected to each other in series according to The free terminals of the first and last bridges are DC outputs.

In this case, when the power windings are connected to a three-phase alternating current source and certain ventilation control angles, the source generates an adjustable (stabilized) constant voltage (current) at the DC terminals, and when connected to the last terminals of a DC voltage source and The control corners form an alternating current in the windings (it works as an inverter). Moreover, in order to provide artificial switching at the triple frequency, the source is additionally equipped with tertiary windings connected in series according to each other through a small switching capacitor.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the energy and weight and size indicators, as well as reliability and cost.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the step-wise power supply in the first embodiment, made in the form of a converter, containing twelve valves and one three-phase or three single-phase transformers, the network windings of which form the input terminals, and each of the three valve windings is connected to two valve coils via two lines cells from sequentially according to the included two valves in each of them, forming a stage, while the free anodes of two valves connected to the first valve winding and with Respectively, the free cathodes of two valves connected to the third valve winding are interconnected and form output terminals, the remaining eight valves are interconnected four consecutively in two in series according to four valve rings connected, the first valve winding connected to the first anode of the first valve, and to the combined cathodes of the valves of the first and second rings are connected, respectively, the second and third valve windings.

In addition, the source is in the form of at least two identical converters.

The transducers are interconnected by the output outputs in series or / and in parallel, counter or according to.

The valve windings of the steps at the junction of the converters are made opposite.

The valve windings of steps at the junction of converters are made of the same name.

The valves connecting in series according to the included transducers form a four-valve ring, to the combined anodes of the valves of which one valve is connected to the winding of one and to the combined cathodes of the valves to the winding of another stage.

51

In the staged power supply according to the second variant, containing twelve gates and one three-phase or three single-phase transformer, each of the three valve windings of which are connected to two valve cells of two lines in series according to two lines in each of them, forming a stage, while the free the anodes of the two valves connected to the first valve winding, and accordingly the free cathodes of the two valves connected to the third valve winding, are interconnected and about The input pins are connected, the remaining eight valves are interconnected four consecutively in two in series according to four-valve rings connected, the first valve winding is connected to the combined valve anodes of the first of which, the second and third valve windings are connected to the combined cathodes of the first and second valves .

At the same time, in order to improve the switching capacity between the combined anodes and the combined cathodes of the first and the combined cathodes of the valves of the second ring, additionally introduced switching capacitors are connected.

The source is equipped with tertiary windings connected in series according to each other through a switching capacitor.

The coil windings are bridged by switching capacitors, and the additionally introduced metering capacitor is included in the cutting of one of the lines of each valve winding.

The addition of inductive elements, magnetically connected or uncoupled, to the middle points of which is attached to one of the lines of the corresponding valve winding are included in cutting one of the unions of the anodes of the first valves and the unions of the cathodes of the second rings. .

Inductive elements are shunted by additionally introduced auxiliary capacitors.

25136

Between the input pins included storage capacitor.

FIG. 1 shows the principal electrical circuit of the device in its single-link version according to the first embodiment; in fig. 2 is the corresponding vector diagram of the formation of the co-generators of EMF 5, c (1.6), which is explained in the phase

 the plane the principle of operation of the device, as well as the device data grouped for clarity in comparison with the data of a known device; in fig. 3-6 - Same as in FIG. one

5 and 2 with three transducers connected in series (links x) and opposite (Fig. 3 and 4), or of the same name (Fig. 5 and 6) valve windings in the connecting steps of these

0 converters (links); on

FIG. 7 and 8 - basic electrical circuit of the device (second version), with additional switching capacitors (or without them)

5 (Fig. 7) and / or, respectively, with the inductive elements introduced and the auxiliary or / and metering capacitors (Fig. 8).

The following are used.

0 designations: i) and p - the total number of steps and links; L and in - the number of lines and valves in one stage; L and B - the same, the total number B is the number of series-connected

5 valves conducting the load current in a given cyclically varying in time p-circuit, AB and 3gf, the gain (difference) and saving (in times) in the number of b valves relative to the known device, W and. - total turn number relative to amplitude and ..- and average VP values of the output voltage; Of - the current value

5 voltages on one winding, Ug g of the reverse voltage on the valve.

The device (figure 1) contains twelve valves 1-12 and one three-phase or three single-phase transformer with valve windings a, bis. The network windings are not shown for simplicity, but as sources of phase-shifted emf generated by 5 valve windings Q, & Not, in principle, any galvanically uncoupled sources of EMF variables can be connected, in 7. 1 the connection with which the device is not critical in this sense. The valves 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12 are interconnected four each (2, 5, 8, 11; 3, 6, 9, 12) in series with each other, forming two successively according to the included four-valve rings. The combined anodes of valves 2 and 5, 8 and 11 form the inputs (drains) of the ring, through two lines (L 2) the first valve winding is connected, and the second winding k is connected to the combined cathodes of valves 2 and 11, 5 and 8 (to the outlets or sources a) the first ring and to the combined anodes Ventrasha 6, 9 and 3, 12 (to the drains) of the second ring, to the combined cathodes of valves 3 and 6, 9 and 12 (sources) of which the third winding is connected with the anodes of the valves 1 and 7 of the first and respectively cathodes valves 4 and 10 of the third winding are interconnected and form the output pins. All these compounds provide, with respect to the known device, an improvement in the energy indices as well as mass, volume, reliability and cost. The operation of the device is explained by a vector on, a diagram (Fig. 2), in which, while preserving reference designations (Fig. 1), the principle of formation of the vectors S "(1, 1.6) of the output voltage U is shown. In brackets with S, y The numbers and the number of Bf of the conductive valves for a given jU -th current-carrying circuit are indicated. Formed by the device, the constant voltage UQ contains a variable component with the same frequency as in the known device, 6 times the frequency (P 6), but the number B is reduced by two valves (& Bf | 2), .e . one and a half times (3g, 1.5). This reduces the voltage and power losses in the converter power elements, as a result, the efficiency is reduced, the number of previously required turns of the power windings is reduced, the design and installation are simplified, the manufacturability, mass, volume and cost are improved. Moreover, the duration of the conductive state of eight gates (2, 6, 8, 12 and 3, 5, 9, 11) is 120 and 60 electr, respectively. over the period, the EMF decreases by 1.5 and, respectively, by 3 times as compared with the classical Gretz-Pollack single-phase bridges widely used in practice. Thus, in comparison with these schemes, the average value of TOKalgB 60% of the power elements of the device is reduced by 1.5 and 3 times, respectively, and therefore, the directly related cigs are significantly reduced. energy loss in them. The required output voltage UQ is provided in the device at a relatively small voltage on the windings - If 0.37 Ud, without taking into account losses, which is 2 times less than, for example, in the classical Larionov scheme, best in energy indicators, windings by a triangle), providing the same as in the proposed device, a sixfold ripple frequency of the output voltage. At the same time, the windings in this scheme Larionova are connected to valve cells by means of lines common to the windings ((5), unlike the own lines L, in the device. This is the reason for the device to belong to schemes with its own lines - to L-schemes Circuit features, in particular, doubled relative to the number of ventilators B (). At the same time, the reverse voltage across the valves in the circuit of Figure 1, which determines their valve strength (reliability), is 2 times less than in the equivalent circuit of 9 Larionova, thanks to what It is impracticable to use lower-voltage (less powerful), small-sized and more reliable conversion elements. With simpler and more realistic opportunities for the developer, to be in agreement with the usually rigid list of approved components and / or components available. times less reverse voltage, as well as 2 times less number of turns in each valve winding at 2 times less voltage on them, is particularly significant for relatively high voltage sources power supply, greatly improving their energy, weight and size, reliability and cost indicators. 9 Their further improvement is achieved if the source is supplied with half-vital windings, lines and conversion elements, forming at least one more link of the same structure on their basis. Moreover, thus formed links can be connected by output pins — sequentially or / and in parallel, counter or according to a. The windings of the steps at the junction of links can be single- or opposite, forming on the spatial design of the magnetic circuit the connections of individual coils, respectively, in the form of a spiral sequential row of yes (figure 3-6). This also simplifies the overall design of the source, and the valves connecting in series according to the included links can be assembled into a four-valve lance in the same manner described, which, given the sharp decrease in the voltage on the windings with an increase in the number of links, also significantly improves reliability and also energy and other indicators. The device according to the second variant (Fig. 7 and 8) contains the same main components and electrical connections as in the first variant, but differs in that the combined electrode of the valves 1 and 7, 4 and tO form input terminals (and not output , as in the first variant), and to them, for example, through an inductive element, is connected with a constant voltage source, and on the windings a b and c, which are in this variant the three-phase load of the source, an alternating voltage is formed. The device according to the second embodiment does not operate in the rectifying mode, but in the inverter mode, but the positive effects described earlier are preserved. At the same time, in order to further improve the switching capacity, it is possible to turn on the corresponding reactive elements — tertiary windings., JJJ and Cgp switching 13 C, dosing Cgr or auxiliary Cj capacitors and inductors; as shown in FIG. 7 and 8. It is also possible to connect the storage capacitors C to the input terminals. Such additional reactive elements, with the connections shown, create certain phase shifts, alternating states (currents, voltages, and powers) and, therefore, with appropriate ratios of their parameters, they can provide compensation for the harmful effects of reactive power, while others Some even generate its useful part into a load (network). At the same time, the valves in either solution, being made controllable, provide control or stabilization of the output parameters with the appropriate quality and spectral composition. However, if the weekend of FIG. 1 (3 and 5) and input in FIG. 7 (8), the circuit outputs are interconnected in parallel unipolarly, the device will provide the conversion of alternating current into alternating current, and thus this circuit realization of the device is a koninvertor. If there is another linker here, one will create a cycloconverter, and the reverse connection of the circuits of FIG. 1 (3, 5) and 7 (8} (first, figs. 7 and 8, then fig. 1) gives a constant current converter to CONSTANT (inverter), which, when additionally equipped in series with a single pole, another inverter of FIGS. 7 and 8 All these or similar device modifications still have the described positive properties, but they even more strengthen them, improving overall reliability, energy, weight, volume and cost of these complex objects relative to the well-known device.

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Claims (13)

1. A stepped power supply made in the form of a converter containing twelve gates and one three-phase or three single-phase transformers, the network windings of which form the input terminals, and each of the three valve windings is connected through two lines to two valve cells from the valves connected in series in each of them, forming a step, with the free anodes of two gates connected to the first valve winding, and accordingly the free cathodes of two gates connected to the tre of the valve winding, are interconnected and form output conclusions, characterized in that, in order to improve energy and weight and size, as well as reliability and cost, the remaining eight valves are interconnected four consecutively in two in series according to the included four-valve rings , to the combined anodes of the valves of the first of which the first valve coil is connected, and to the combined cathodes of the valves of the first and second rings, respectively, the second and third I'm valve windings. 2. The source according to claim 1, with the fact that it is made in the form of at least two identical converters. 3. The source according to claim 2, characterized in that the converters are interconnected by the output terminals in series or / and in parallel, counter or in accordance. 4. A source according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve windings of the steps at the junction of the converters are heterogeneous. 5. A source according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve windings of the steps at the junction of the converters are of the same name. 6. Source according to paragraphs. 4 and 5. characterized in that the valves connecting in series according to the included converters form a four-valve ring, to the combined anodes of the valves of which a valve coil of one stage is connected, and to the combined cathodes - a coil of another stage. 7. A stepped power supply containing twelve valves and one three-phase or three single-phase transformers, each of the three valve windings of which is connected via two lines to two valve cells from two valves in series in each of them, forming SU. „, 1112513> stage, while the free anodes of the two valves connected to the first valve winding, and accordingly the free cathodes of the two valves connected to the third valve winding, are interconnected and form input leads, characterized in that, in order to improve energy and weight and size indicators, and also reliability and cost, the remaining eight valves are interconnected four in series according to the included four-ring rings, to the combined anodes of the valves of the first of which are connected Single gate winding, and the cathodes to the combined first and second valves rings connected respectively second and third valve winding. 8 The source according to claim 7, characterized in that, in order to improve switching ability, additionally introduced switching capacitors are connected between the combined anodes and the combined cathodes of the first and combined cathodes of the valves of the second ring. 9. Source pop. 7, characterized in that it is equipped with tertiary windings connected in series according to each other through a switching capacitor. 10. The source according to paragraphs. 7 and 8, characterized in that the switching windings are shunted by the switching capacitors, and an additionally introduced metering capacitor is included in the dissection of one of the lines of each valve winding. 11. Source according to paragraphs. 7, 8 and 10, characterized in that in the dissection of one of the associations of the anodes of the valves of the first and the associations of the cathodes of the valves of the second rings, as well as one of the connections of these rings to each other, additionally introduced inductance elements magnetically coupled or not connected to each other are included in the midpoints which is connected to one of the lines of the corresponding valve coil. 12. The source according to claim 11, characterized in that the inductive elements are shunted by additionally reduced auxiliary capacitors. 13. The source according to paragraphs. 7-12, characterized in that between the input terminals included storage capacitor.