SU909631A1

SU909631A1 - Method and device for metal decarburization in converter

Info

Publication number: SU909631A1
Application number: SU802940003A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Юрий Леонидович Гребенчук; Владимир Святославович Богушевский; Сергей Кузьмич Соболев; Николай Алексеевич Цыбенко; Роланд Вильгельмович Ганефельд; Анатолий Иванович Быстрый
Original assignee: Киевский институт автоматики им.ХХУ съезда КПСС
Priority date: 1980-06-13
Filing date: 1980-06-13
Publication date: 1982-02-28

Description

Изобретение относится к контролю процесса плавки в металлургической промышленности, в частности контролю скорости обезуглероживания в конвертере.The invention relates to the control of the smelting process in the metallurgical industry, in particular to the control of the decarburization rate in a converter.

Известен способ контроля скорости ® обезуглероживания, основанный на расчете скорости обезуглероживания по результатам измерения удельной электропроводности и тока, индуцированного при движении потока газа в направлении, перпендикулярном его магнитному полю в одной и той же точке соA known method of controlling the rate of decarburization based on the calculation of the decarburization rate by measuring the electrical conductivity and current induced when the gas flow moves in a direction perpendicular to its magnetic field at the same point

Недостатком данного способа является низкая точность контроля, обуслов— и ленная трудностью точного измерения абсолютных значений удельной проводимости из-за влияния магнитного поля.The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of control, due to the difficulty of accurately measuring the absolute values of conductivity due to the influence of the magnetic field.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому является устройство, содержащее измеритель электропроводности, на вход которого подключена установленная в ядре потока отходящих газов пара электродов, и вычислительное устройство £2 J .Closest to the proposed is a device containing a conductivity meter, the input of which is connected to a pair of electrodes installed in the core of the exhaust gas stream, and a computing device £ 2 J.

Недостатком устройства является сложность его реализации, связанная с созданием мощного магнитного поля в газоходе, а также не учитывается влияние температуры на результаты расч эта скорости обезуглероживания.The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of its implementation, associated with the creation of a powerful magnetic field in the duct, and also does not take into account the influence of temperature on the results of the calculation of this decarburization rate.

Цель изобретения — повышение точности контроля.The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of control.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в способе контроля скорости обезуглероживания, преимущественно в конверт* тере, основанного на измерении электропроводности ядра потока отходящих газов, дополнительно измеряют температур, обходящего газа, а измерение электропроводности осуществляют одновременна в двух точках по ходу потока отходящих газов, сравнивают их между собой и с учетом полученных результатов осуществляют контроль скорости обезуглероживания по формулеThis goal is achieved by the fact that in a method for controlling the decarburization rate, mainly in an converter * based on measuring the electrical conductivity of the core of the exhaust gas stream, they additionally measure temperatures bypassing the gas, and conductivity measurement is carried out simultaneously at two points along the exhaust gas flow, compare them with each other and taking into account the results obtained, they control the rate of decarburization according to the formula

6L6L

G_K-b(i)Art (1) где К - коэффициент пропорциональности (К=14,633);G _K -b (i) Art (1) where K is the coefficient of proportionality (K = 14.633);

V_c - скорость обезуглероживания, %/мин;V _c - decarburization rate,% / min;

ς - плошадь поперечного сечения га- 5 зохода, м^;ς is the cross-sectional area of the gas supply, m ^;

садка конвертера, т;converter cage, t;

- время продувки, мин;- purge time, min;

Ь - температура газа, К;B is the gas temperature, K;

L - расстояние между точками изме- 10L - distance between measuring points

Использование свойств электропроводности отходящих газов в качестве носителя информации о скорости потока целесообразно, во-первых, ввиду того, что метод основан на регистрации флюктуаций, а амплитуда флюктуаций проводимости наибольшая, во-вторых, ввиду наибольшей простоты ее измерений в локальной области - ядре факела.Using the properties of the electrical conductivity of the exhaust gases as a carrier of information about the flow rate is advisable, firstly, due to the fact that the method is based on the registration of fluctuations, and the amplitude of the conductivity fluctuations is the largest, and secondly, due to the simplicity of its measurements in the local area - the core of the torch.

Способ осуществляется Следующим обрения электропроводности, м;The method is carried out by the following obreniya electrical conductivity, m;

' Δϋ— время прохождения газом расстояния Li между точками измерения, мин;'Δϋ is the time the gas travels the distance Li between the measurement points, min;

коэффициент угара металла, опре- 15 деляется технологическими особенностями процесса. Для условий про130=т конвертера через 4—х содфурму с углом наклона сопел к вертикали 20?the metal fume coefficient is determined by the technological features of the process. For conditions pro130 = t of the converter, through a 4-x sodfurm with an angle of inclination of the nozzles to the vertical of 20?

Ыс)~ дувки ловую bCV-i-b'Cti, где t) ⁼ 0,005 мин ¹.Bf) ~ blowing bCV-i-b'Cti, where t) ⁼ 0.005 min ¹ .

Δ'ί' находится, из условия максимума взаимно корреляционной функции R (Ό )Δ'ί 'is found from the condition of the maximum of the cross-correlation function R (Ό)

ЖД) -- J ¢, (τ)σ,(τ- ΔΤ Яг <²)Railway) - J ¢, (τ) σ, (τ- ΔΤ гг < ² )

к.to.

'где Т - время усреднения,'where T is the averaging time,

- проводимость газового промежутка между электродами каждой пары в точках 1·и 2 соответственно.- the conductivity of the gas gap between the electrodes of each pair at points 1 · and 2, respectively.

Поток отходящих конвертерных газов является турбулентным (число Рейнольдса для него 10*), поэтому в нем существуют флюктуации физических характеристик газа с частотами 50-80 Гц. Следовательно, характерный масштаб неоднородности ДЕ при скоростях потока О’=10-20 м/с, м д6~-^- = 0,2-0,¾.The stream of exhaust converter gases is turbulent (the Reynolds number for it is 10 *), therefore, there are fluctuations in the physical characteristics of the gas with frequencies of 50-80 Hz. Consequently, the characteristic scale of the DE inhomogeneity at flow rates O ’= 10-20 m / s, m d6 ~ - ^ - = 0.2-0, ¾.

Последовательная регистрация движущейся неоднородности электропроводности в двух точках, расположенных вдоль потока на расстоянии L , позволяет определить его скорость Ь /Д'С' в ядре.Sequential registration of a moving heterogeneity of electrical conductivity at two points located along the flow at a distance L, allows you to determine its speed b / D'C 'in the core.

Уверенное определение ДТкоррелЯпионным методом (2) возможно при (2-3) ДЕ , т.е. при L ~ 0,4-0,6 м.Confident determination of DTcorrel by the Japon method (2) is possible with (2-3) DE, i.e. at L ~ 0.4-0.6 m.

Связь скорости обезуглероживания металла со скоростью потока находится из соотношения (1). Наиболее точно соотношение (1) выполняется в ядре потока отходящих газов, ввиду сохранения начальных значений скорости исходящих из горловины газов по всему ядру потока.The relationship between the decarburization rate of the metal and the flow rate is found from relation (1). Most accurately, relation (1) is satisfied in the core of the exhaust gas stream, in view of maintaining the initial velocity values of the gases emanating from the throat over the entire core of the stream.

разом.at once.

В ядре потока отходящих газов, например, на уровне верхней части кессона в точках, расположенных на расстоянии 0,4— 0,6 м по вертикали, одновременно измеряют изменения проводимости газа любым известным методом, например, при помощи электродов и абсолютные значения температуры зоны с контролируемой электропроводностью. Измерения температуры осуществляют, например, оптическим пирометром.’ Далее определяют время д77 прохождения газом расстояния между точками, в которых измеряют проводимость путем сравнения временных зависимостей, например, по максимуму взаимно корреляци— 1онной функции (2). И далее по формуле (1) находят скорость обезуглероживания.· На фиг. 1 изображено устройство, реализующее предлагаемый способ; на фиг. 2 — блок-схема вычислительного устройства; на фиг. 3 — измерительный электрод.In the core of the exhaust gas stream, for example, at the level of the upper part of the caisson at points located at a distance of 0.4–0.6 m vertically, changes in the gas conductivity are simultaneously measured by any known method, for example, using electrodes and the absolute values of the temperature of the zone controlled conductivity. Temperature measurements are carried out, for example, with an optical pyrometer. ’Next, the time d77 of the gas passing the distance between the points at which the conductivity is measured by comparing the time dependences, for example, by the maximum cross-correlation of the one function (2), is determined. And further, by the formula (1), the decarburization rate is found. · In FIG. 1 shows a device that implements the proposed method; in FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computing device; in FIG. 3 - measuring electrode.

Устройство'содержит (фиг. 1) две пары электродов 1 и 2, датчик 3 температуры газа, измерители 4 и 5 электропроводности, измеритель 6 температуры, блок 7 сравнения, вычислительное устройство 8, конвертер 9, кессон 10, камин 11, ядро факела 12. Выходы датчиков электродов 1 и 2, подключены к измерителям 4 и 5, выход датчика 3 температуры подключен к измерителю 6 температуры, выходы измерителей 4 и 5 электропроводности подключены к входу блока 7 сравнения, выходы измерителя 6 температуры и блока 7 сравнения подключены к входам вычислительного устройства 8.The device contains (Fig. 1) two pairs of electrodes 1 and 2, gas temperature sensor 3, conductivity meters 4 and 5, temperature meter 6, comparison unit 7, computing device 8, converter 9, caisson 10, fireplace 11, torch core 12 The outputs of the sensors of the electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to the meters 4 and 5, the output of the temperature sensor 3 is connected to the temperature meter 6, the outputs of the conductivity meters 4 and 5 are connected to the input of the comparison unit 7, the outputs of the temperature meter 6 and the comparison unit 7 are connected to the inputs of the computing devices 8.

Внутренняя структура вычислительного устройства 8 (фиг. 2) содержит блок 13 деления, первый блок 14 умножения, второй блок 15 умножения, блок 16 вычитания, генератор 17 пилообразного напряжения, блок 18 ввода коэффициентов, причем блоки 14—17 соединены между собой последовательно, выход блока 14 подключен к первому входу блока 13, ко второму входу которого подключен блок 18, выход блока 13 является выходом вычислительного устройства 8, выход блока 7 сравнения подключен к второму входу блока 14, выход измерителя 6 5 температуры подключен ко второму входу блока 15.The internal structure of computing device 8 (Fig. 2) contains a division unit 13, a first multiplication unit 14, a second multiplication unit 15, a subtraction unit 16, a sawtooth voltage generator 17, a coefficient input unit 18, and the blocks 14-17 are connected in series, the output block 14 is connected to the first input of block 13, to the second input of which block 18 is connected, the output of block 13 is the output of computing device 8, the output of comparison block 7 is connected to the second input of block 14, the output of the temperature meter 6 5 is connected to the second input of bl Kamov Ka-15.

Для упрощения конструкции устройства целесообразно измерительный электрод выполнить’в виде цилиндра, имеющего 10 продольный сквозной канал 20 (фиг. 3), которое представляет собой оптический канал для вывода излучения газа для измерения температуры, для чего в оптическом канале со стороны, находящейся вне 15 Кессона 10, установлен датчик 3 температуры. Электрод изолирован от кессона щзоляторами 19.To simplify the design of the device, it is advisable to perform the measuring electrode in the form of a cylinder having a 10 longitudinal through channel 20 (Fig. 3), which is an optical channel for outputting gas radiation for temperature measurement, for which purpose in the optical channel from the side outside 15 Caisson 10, a temperature sensor 3 is installed. The electrode is isolated from the caisson by schzolator 19.

Для того, чтобы оптический канал 20 и кольцевой зазор между электродом и 2С кессоном не заростали, их продувают воздухом или инертным газом.In order for the optical channel 20 and the annular gap between the electrode and 2C caisson not to grow, they are purged with air or an inert gas.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Информация об электропроводности и 25 температуре газового потока, снимаемая при помощи двух пар электродов 1, 2 и датчика 3 температуры и измерителей 4— 6 поступает в блок 7 сравнения для получения величины Δ из условия макси- з₀мума функции (2) ив вычислительное устройство 8 для вычисления \_с по выражению (1). Значения скорости обезуглероживания передаются в вычислительную, машину или выводятся на индикаторное устройство.Information about the electrical conductivity and 25 temperature of the gas stream, taken using two pairs of electrodes 1, 2 and a temperature sensor 3 and meters 4-6, is sent to the comparison unit 7 to obtain the value Δ from the condition max _{0 of the} maximum of function (2) and a computing device 8 to calculate \ _s by expression (1). The decarburization rate values are transmitted to a computer, machine, or displayed on an indicator device.

Claims

(54) METHOD OF CONTROLING THE RATE OF DECOMPOSITION OF METAL IN THE CONVERTER AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. The inventor relates to controlling the smelting process in the metallurgical industry, in particular controlling the decarburization rate in the converter. A known method for controlling the decarburization rate is based on calculating the decarburization rate by resc The measurements of conductivity and current induced as the gas flow moves in the direction perpendicular to its magnetic field at the same point 1. The disadvantage of this method is low control accuracy, due to the difficulty of accurately measuring the absolute values of the conductivity due to the influence of the magnetic field. The most promising is a device containing a conductivity meter, to the input of which a pair of electrodes installed in the flow of exhaust gases and a computing device t 3 are connected. The disadvantage of the device is the complexity of its implementation associated with the creation of a powerful magnetic field in the flue, and it also does not take into account the effect of temperature on the results of the calculation of this decarbonation rate. The goal of izofeteny is to increase the accuracy of control. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling the decarburization skorusti, mainly in conva | based on the measurement of the electrical conductivity of the flow core of the exhaust gases, the temperatures of the outgoing gas are additionally measured, and the electrical conductivity is measured simultaneously at two points along the flow of the waste gases, compare them with each other and taking into account the results obtained The decarburization rate is controlled by the formula: G: tC-OA-Pt where K is the proportionality coefficient (); V is the rate of decarburization,% / min; g is the cross-sectional area of the flue, m; 0 |, - charge converter, t; C — purge time, min; t is the gas temperature. TO; L is the distance between points and conductivity, m; DS is the time it takes for the gas to travel the distance L between the measurement points of the min; tjCtr) is the coefficient of metal loss, determined by the technological features of the process. For the conditions of the converter pusher through 4 suture lances with the angle of inclination of the nozzles to the vertical 2O. сомсс-ссгг ;, where t) О, ОО5 min. is, from the condition of maximum mutually correlation function R (C) YASS) 4 I (t) ((t-dt CAH (2) where T is the averaging time, Gf Dl is the conductivity of the gas gap between the electrodes of each pair at points 1 and 2 Correspondingly. The off-gas converter gas flow is turbulent (the Reynolds number for it is 10), therefore, there are fluxes of the physical characteristics of gas with frequencies of 5 O-8 O Hz. Therefore, the characteristic i6 heterogeneity scale is at flow rates of 0 ° 1 O-20 m / s, m d, 2-0.3. Sequential registration of moving heterogeneity the conductivity at two points located along the flow at a distance L makes it possible to determine its velocity b / dt in a tree. The reliable determination of the d-correlation method (2) is possible with b (2–3) dB, i.e. About 4, 10, 6 m. The bond of the decarburization rate of the metal with the flow rate is found from the relation (1). The most accurate relation (1) is fulfilled in the flow stream of the flowing gases, due to the preservation of the initial speed values emanating from mountains, r gasses throughout the flow. The use of the electrical conductivity properties of exhaust gases as a means of information about the flow rate is reasonable, firstly, because the method is based on the registration of fluctuations, the amplitude of conduction flicctuations is greatest, and secondly, due to the greatest growth of its measurements in the local area - the torch. The method is carried out as follows. At the bottom of the flow of waste gases, for example, at the level of the upper part of the caisson, at points located at a distance of 0.4-0.6 m vertically, changes in the conductivity of the gas are simultaneously measured by any known. using the electrodes and the absolute temperature values of the zone with controlled electrical conductivity. Temperature measurements are made, for example, by an optical pyrometer. Next, determine the time D G for the gas to travel the distance between the points at which the conductivity is measured by comparing the time dependencies, for example, by the maximum of the cross-correlating pijoHHofi function (2). And further, according to the formula (1), the decarburization rate is found. FIG. 1 shows a device that implements the proposed method; in fig. 2 is a block diagram of a computing device; in fig. 3 - measuring electrode. The device contains (Fig. 1) two pairs of electrodes 1 and 2, gas temperature sensor 3, electrical conductivity value 4 and 5, temperature meter 6, comparison unit 7, computing device 8, converter 9, caisson 10, fireplace 11, torus core 12. The outputs of the electrodes of the electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to the meters 4 and 5, the output of the temperature sensor 3 is connected to the temperature meter 6, the outputs of the conductivity meters 4 and 5 are connected to the code of the comparator unit 7, the outputs of the temperature meter 6 and the comparator unit 7 devices 8. Vnu The sophisticated structure of the computing device 8 (FIG. 2) contains a dividing unit 13, a first multiplication unit 14, a second multiplying unit 15, a subtracting unit 16, a sawtooth voltage generator 17, a coefficient input unit 18, the blocks connected in series, the output of block 14 connected to the first input of block 13, to the second input of which block 18 is connected, the output of block 13 is the output of computing device 8, the output of comparison block 7 is connected to the second input of block 14, the output of temperature meter 6 is connected to the second input of block 15. For simplifying the design of the device, the measuring electrode measures in the form of a cylinder having a longitudinal through channel 20 (FIG. 3) which is an optical channel for emitting gas for Le MepeifflH temperature, for which a temperature sensor 3 is installed in the optical channel from the side of the inner Caisson 10. The electrode is isolated from the caisson by insulators 19. In order for the optical channel 2O and the annular gap between the electrode and the caisson not to grow, they are blown with air or an inert gas. The device works as follows. Information about the electrical conductivity and the gas flow temperature, taken with the help of two pairs of electrodes 1, 2 and temperature sensor 3 and meters 4 6, enters the comparison unit 7 for P rays of L value from the condition of maximum function (2) and computing device 8 for calculating the US of expression (1). The decarburization rate values are transmitted to a computer or output to an indicator device. Claim 1. Method of controlling the decarburization rate of metal in a converter, including measuring the electrical conductivity of an exhaust gas flow core, characterized in that, in order to increase control accuracy, the temperature of the exhaust gas is additionally measured, and electrical conductivity is measured at two points in the course of the flow of waste gases, compare them with each other and, taking into account the results obtained, control the rate of de-carbonation using the formula 1 -bk §Ji. V) DG4: where K is a proportionality coefficient; - decarburization rate. % / mip; 316 5 - the area of 110rechno1 of the gas pipeline, m; (j is the distance between the points of electrical conductivity, MJ Q., is the converter charge, t; f is the blow time, min; - (; - gas temperature. K; (T) the coefficient EFFECT of the carbon monoxide, with, than in (t) - 1-b (G), where b is 0, 005 min; dtg is the time L of measurement points travel by gas, min 2. The device for carrying out the method of claim 1, containing an electrical conductivity meter, to the input of which a set of the flow of waste gases from a pair of electrodes, and a computing device that distinguishes it by the fact that, in order to control accuracy, a device It contains the second conductivity meter, the input of which is connected to the second pair of electrodes, installed from the first pair of electrodes in the flow of waste gases and the direction of its movement, the comparator unit, to the inputs of which the outputs of the conductivity are connected, and the output is connected to the first input of the computing device, and a temperature meter, to the input of which the gas temperature sensor is installed, installed in the zone with controlled electrical conductivity, and the output to the second input is calculated; stroystva. 3. A device according to claim 2, wherein the electrode is made in the form of a cylinder having a through hole parallel to its longitudinal axis. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein the computing device consists of a division unit, A / V multiplication blocks, a subtractor unit, a coefficient input unit, a sawtooth generator, and dpa uioka multiply, subtractor and sawtooth voltage generator between each other in series, the output of the iiof multiplication unit is connected to the ncf input of the division unit, to the second input of which the coefficient input unit is connected, the output of the comparison unit is connected to the second input of the first multiplication unit, measure the output temperatuy vtorol connected to the second block at the entry {umnozhet, dividing the block output is output computing yuystva mouth. Sources of information taken into account in the examination of 5 G51 1. Authors svdedelstvo USSR on the application 3 2682570 / 22-20, cl. C 21 C 5 / ZO, 1976.

2. Author's USSR on the application number 2698289 / 22-02 Kii. C 21 C 5 / ZO, 1976.