SU894109A1 - Ferroconcrete shell and method of its construction - Google Patents

Description

(54) REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEET AND METHOD FOR ITS CONSTRUCTION

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The invention relates to construction and can be used in the construction of coating shells for civil and industrial buildings.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete shells are known, consisting of a ribbed shell, assembled from plates of the same type using monolithic sections. The shells are supported on a closed loop, which is a vertical or inclined diaphragm, made in the form of walls, columns and girders, which serve as beam structures 1.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a reinforced concrete shell comprising a closed support contour, made of composite elements and precast reinforced concrete plates arranged in rows, interconnected and a method of erecting a reinforced concrete shell, including the installation of supporting contour elements, laying precast reinforced concrete slabs rows with the formation of cantilever protrusions, on the side and end sides of which stack the plates of the next row, and

the combination of plates in rows and adjacent rows between them 2.

The drawbacks of these structures are that, apart from the shell, there is a closed support loop, which is an obstacle to the placement of technological equipment in case it is arranged on walls or on columns, and which requires powerful vehicles and heavy crane equipment in case it is arrange in the form of balck Q-walls or trusses. A separate support contour perceives installation and operational loads regardless of shell shell elements, which causes an overconsumption of materials (cement, steel) on its design and includes the possibility of fixing cantilever parts or canopies structurally associated with the shell and its part.

The disadvantage of this method of construction is that it is unacceptable with a not 20 closed support contour, does not allow to arrange breaks in the body of the shell (temperature or expansion joints), cantilever parts or canopies, structurally associated with the shell and its part. The purpose of the invention is to reduce material consumption, expanding architectural possibilities and reducing the complexity of installation. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a reinforced concrete shell comprising a closed supporting contour made of composite elements and prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, arranged in rows, joined together, one of the elements of the supporting contour is made in the form of an arch with a tightening, and the arch formed by the edges of the extreme range of prefabricated plates, trap them shell. There is a variant according to which in the reinforced concrete shell the elements of the support contour, adjacent to the arch, are provided with stops and are formed by the edges of the extreme rows of precast plates, closing the shell from these sides. In addition, the reinforced concrete shell may be equipped with a console adjacent to the element of the contour o of the contour in the form of an arch. In the method of erection of a reinforced concrete shell, which includes the installation of elements of the support contour, the laying of precast reinforced concrete ribbed plates with the formation of cantilever projections, on the side and end sides of which are laid plates of subsequent rows and the union of plates in a row and adjacent rows between them Before placing the prefabricated slabs of each row, the temporary tightening of the given row is mounted and fixed to the elements of the support contour, and at the extreme row of the plates behind the shell, the constant tightening is established, and carried out in the direction of constant clamping, and after the assembly of the prefabricated slabs of subsequent rows, the temporary tightening of the previous rows is dismantled. FIG. 1 given version of the scheme of the shell and method of installation; in fig. 2 - the same; in fig. 3 - a coating of several shells in a perspective view; in fig. 4 - plan options for the shell; in fig. 5 shows section A-A in FIG. four; pas figs. 6 is a section BB in FIG. four; in fig. 7 — node 1 in FIG. 6; in fig. 8 is a variant of node I. A reinforced concrete shell including a closed supporting contour made of composite elements 1, parallel or coinciding in direction with the direction of installation, is connected by time shifts 2 and fixed constant 3, installed at the end of the parties. The shell on the side that closes the support contour and perpendicular to the direction of installation, is supported on arch 4, which serves as contour edges of plates 5 with reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete with or without 6. The reinforcement of the places at.: The zag zaky to the arches is formed due to the replacement of the lugs 7, which can be constructively combined with the beam beams 8. Thus, the prefabricated reinforced concrete shell includes a closed bearing contour made of composite elements and precast concrete slabs, placed in rows, interconnected. One of the elements of the support contour is made in the form of an arch with a tightening formed by the edges of the extreme row of prefabricated plates, which close the shell. The elements of the support contour adjacent to the arch are provided with stops and are formed by the edges of the extreme rows of prefabricated plates, which close the cladding on these sides, or are separate beam elements. A cantilever can be attached to an arch with a closure that closes the support contour. An arch with a closure closes the support contour, eliminating the need to arrange a closed contour prior to installation, frees one side of the casing from the columns, without the need for powerful vehicles or heavy crane equipment. The stops that are installed at the fixing points of temporary or permanent tightening to the arches make it possible to reinforce the bearing points without changing the structure of the plate and to use plates of the same size in the middle and in the contour part of the shell. The shell of the coating was erected by mounted methods. The method of mounting includes installation of electrical support circuit 1, laying precast reinforced concrete ribbed plates in 5 rows with the formation of cantilever projections, on the side and end sides of which stack the plates of subsequent rows, and combining the plates in a row and adjacent rows . In the case of mounted shell construction, the mounting direction is shown in FIG. 1 and 2 for different schemes of the reference contour. FIG. 4-8 digits (10-15) show the sequence of laying the plates on the pre-mounted contour 1. Installation begins along the section line BB (Fig. 4) and continues on one side until an arch 4 is formed and a constant tightening 3 is made up of ribbed plates and monolithic cacis on the other side before the formation of the console 9. Pre-installed temporary tightening 2 after installation of the casing are dismantled. Stop 7 (Fig. 7) can be structurally combined with the bolt 8 as in FIG. 8. By using the solution, the consumption of steel and concrete for the elements of the support contour is reduced and the area covered by the shell is increased on the same support contour. In addition, the proposed solution will allow to meet the requirements for placement of technological equipment and arrange in the wall on one side of the support contour openings equal to the span of the shell, even in the case when there are no conditions for use as a supporting diaphragm of trusses or wall beams (with the absence of vehicles and sufficiently powerful crane equipment). Some savings of materials (cement and steel) are achieved by using the edges of the plates of the same size, from which the middle part of the shell is mounted, as beams of the supporting diaphragms.

The effectiveness of the proposed method is expressed primarily in reducing labor costs by 15-20% and increasing labor productivity in erecting claddings, as well as reducing the cost of building coatings compared to the cheapest beam-rack types by 3.9% of the building cost.

Claims (4)

1. Reinforced concrete shell, comprising a closed support contour, made of composite elements, and prefabricated reinforced concrete plates, arranged in rows, interconnected, characterized in that, with a reduction in material consumption, one of the support contour elements is in the form of an arch with the arch is formed by the edges of an extreme series of prefabricated plates, closing the shell. 2. The shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the support contour adjacent to the arch are provided with stops and are formed by the edges of the extreme rows of precast plates which close the shell from these sides. 3. Shell on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that, with the expansion of architectural capabilities, it is equipped with a console adjacent to the element of the support contour in the form of an arch. 4. The method of erection of a reinforced concrete shell, including the installation of elements of the support contour, the laying of precast reinforced concrete ribbed plates with the formation of cantilever ledges, on the side and end sides of which are laid plates of subsequent rows, and the unification of plates in a row and adjacent rows , characterized in that, in order to reduce the laboriousness of the installation, prior to placing the prefabricated slabs of each row, mount a temporary tightening of this row and fix it to the elements of the support contour, and at the extreme row of plates, closing the shell, establish a constant tightening, and the laying of the slabs is carried out in the direction of constant after the joining of the prefabricated slabs of the next series, the temporary tightening of the previous rows is dismantled. Information sources, taken into account in the examination 1. Khaidukov G. K. and others. Lightweight spatial structures of coatings in the USSR. Almaty, 13-16.09.77, p. 216-222. 2. USSR author's certificate number 183918, cl. E 04 B 7/08, 1964. montage Direction Fig.1 installation Fig 2,