SU882446A1

SU882446A1 - Pneumatic feed

Info

Publication number: SU882446A1
Application number: SU792745417A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Анатолий Васильевич Ликкей; Константин Георгиевич Иваница; Николай Леонтьевич Брайченко; Лариса Григорьевна Мещишена; Гарий Михайлович Пекерман; Петр Васильевич Сысолин; Сергей Андреевич Манякин
Original assignee: Головное Специализированное Конструкторское Бюро По Посевным И Комбинированным Машинам; Кировоградский институт сельскохозяйственного машиностроения
Priority date: 1979-04-03
Filing date: 1979-04-03
Publication date: 1981-11-23

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, а именно к посевным машинам.The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to sowing machines.

Известны пневматические высевающие аппараты, включающие корпус с семенной камерой, сообщающейся с пневмокамерой, барабан со сквозными ячейками и пластину, охватывающую его с наружной стороны £1 ] и [2].Known pneumatic sowing devices, including a housing with a seed chamber communicating with a pneumatic chamber, a drum with through cells and a plate covering it from the outside £ 1] and [2].

Недостатком известных устройств является низкая точность высева семян на повышенных рабочих скоростях.A disadvantage of the known devices is the low accuracy of sowing seeds at high operating speeds.

Цель изобретения - повышение точности высева семян на повышенных скоростях. ₍ The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of sowing seeds at high speeds. ₍

Цель достигается тем, что корпус выполнен цилиндрическим причем его поверхность сопряжена с внутренней поверхностью барабана, при этом семенная камера эксцентрично располо- ₂жена в корпусе, образует в его верхней части окно и сообщена с пневмокамерой посредством расположенных тангенциально к семенной камере в направлении вращения барабана пневмоканалов, а внутри семенной камеры в продолжении пневмоканалов выполнена направляющая канавка.The object is achieved in that the housing is cylindrical and its surface is associated with the inner surface of the drum, wherein the seed chamber eccentrically raspolo- wife in the housing _2, forms at the top of the window and in communication with pneumatic chamber means arranged tangentially to the seed cell in the drum rotation direction pnevmokanalov and a guide groove is made inside the seed chamber in the continuation of the pneumatic channels.

Кроме того, в корпусе выполнен пневмоканал, соединяющий полость пневмокамеры с ячейками барабана в месте выброса семян.In addition, a pneumatic channel connecting the cavity of the pneumatic chamber with the cells of the drum at the place of ejection of seeds is made in the housing.

На фиг. 1 изображен пневматический высевающий аппарат, продольный разрезана фиг. 2 - сечение А-А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic metering device, a longitudinal section of FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

Аппарат включает корпус 1, в котором выполнены пневмокамера 2, соединенная посредством пневмопровода 3 с нагнетающей полостью вентилятора (не показан), и семенная камера 4, соединенная посредством канала 5 с бункером 6 для семян. Корпус 1 охватывает барабан 7 со сквозными ячейками 8 на цилиндрической части, охватываемыми с наружной стороны' пластиной 9, которая выполнена ступенчатой, ступень 10 которой расположена в коль цевом пазу 11 по оси симметрии яче-. ек 8 с возможностью регулировки их размера по глубине. Пневмокамера 2 соединена с семенной камерой 4 посредством тангенциально расположенных к ₅ней пневматических каналов 12, совпадающих по направлению с вращением барабана 7 и направляющей канавкой 13, при этом семенная камера эксцентрично расположена относительно цилин- ю дрической поверхности барабана 7 таким образом, что в верхней части образовано окно 14, перекрываемое внутренней ячеистой поверхностью барабана 7.The apparatus includes a housing 1, in which a pneumatic chamber 2 is made, connected by means of a pneumatic line 3 to a blower cavity of a fan (not shown), and a seed chamber 4, connected through a channel 5 to a seed hopper 6. The housing 1 covers the drum 7 with through cells 8 on the cylindrical part, covered from the outside by a plate 9, which is stepped, the step 10 of which is located in the annular groove 11 along the cell symmetry axis. Ek 8 with the ability to adjust their size in depth. The pneumatic chamber 2 is connected to the seed chamber 4 by means of pneumatic channels 12 tangentially located to ₅ , coinciding in direction with the rotation of the drum 7 and the guide groove 13, while the seed chamber is eccentrically located relative to the cylindrical surface of the drum 7 so that in the upper part a window 14 is formed, overlapped by the inner mesh surface of the drum 7.

В нижней части пневмокамера 2 снабже- ,5 на пневмоканалом 15, расположенным по оси симметрии ячеек 8 барабана 7 в месте выброса из них семян.In the lower part of the pneumatic chamber 2 is supplied, 5 on the pneumatic channel 15 located along the symmetry axis of the cells 8 of the drum 7 at the place of ejection of seeds from them.

Аппарат работает следующим обраг ^ЗОМ· , 20 В семенную камеру 4 поступают семена по каналу 5 из бункера 6, одновременно приводится во вращение барабан 7, и нагнетается вентилятором (не показан) воздух по пневмопроводу 3 в пневмокамеру 2; откуда через тангенциально расположенные пневматические каналы 12 поступает в семенную камеру 4 под слой семян. В семенной камере 4 создается воздушный „ 30 вихревой поток, направленный в сторону вращения барабана 7 и захватывающий семена, находящиеся на дне семенной .камеры 4, и пр направляющей канавке 13 выносит их в окно 14. Здесь семена, находящиеся поблизости от ячеек 35 8, захватываются ими благодаря прохождению воздушных потоков через ячейки 8 сквозь щели, образованные цилиндрической поверхностью ячейки 8 и пластины 9, в атмосферу. Этими ⁴⁰же воздушными потоками семена удерживаются в ячейках 8 пока они находятся в зоне окна 14.The apparatus operates as follows ^ZOM ·, 20 Seeds come into the seed chamber 4 through a channel 5 from a hopper 6, the drum 7 is rotated at the same time, and air is pumped by a fan (not shown) through a pneumatic pipe 3 into a pneumatic chamber 2; from where through tangentially located pneumatic channels 12 it enters the seed chamber 4 under the seed layer. An air vortex flow 30 is created in the seed chamber 4, directed in the direction of rotation of the drum 7 and captures the seeds located on the bottom of the seed chamber 4 and the directing groove 13 carries them out to the window 14. Here the seeds located close to the cells 35 8, they are captured due to the passage of air flows through the cell 8 through the slots formed by the cylindrical surface of the cell 8 and plate 9 into the atmosphere. With these ⁴⁰ air streams, the seeds are held in cells 8 while they are in the area of the window 14.

Далее семена в ячейках механически транспортируются, поддерживаемые ⁴⁵с одной стороны пластиной 9, а с другой стороны - цилиндрической поверхностью корпуса 14 При совпадении ячейки 8 с семенем и пневмоканалом ^воз душный поток, поступающий через этот пневмоканал из пневмокамеры 2, выбрасывает семя в борозду.Further, the seeds in the cells are mechanically transported, supported ⁴⁵ on one side by the plate 9, and on the other hand, by the cylindrical surface of the casing 14. If cell 8 coincides with the seed and the pneumatic channel, the air flow coming through this pneumatic channel from the pneumatic chamber 2 ejects the seed into the furrow.

Таким образом, благодаря созданному в. семенной :камере вихревому потоку, в котором, семена находятся во взвешенном состоянии, создаются условия для точного однозернового отбора семян практически на неограниченных скоростях, что, в свою очередь, обеспечит высев повышенных норм семян без изменения параметров аппарата при изменении окружной скорости барабана и скорости вихревого потока.Thus, thanks to created in. seed: to the vortex flow chamber, in which the seeds are in suspension, conditions are created for accurate single-grain seed selection at practically unlimited speeds, which, in turn, will ensure the sowing of increased seeds without changing the parameters of the device when changing the peripheral speed of the drum and the speed of the vortex flow.

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Claims

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery industry, but they relate to seeding machines. Pneumatic sowing devices are known, including a housing with a seed chamber in communication with a pneumatic chamber, a drum with through cells and a plate covering it from the outside p and 2. A disadvantage of the known devices is the low accuracy of sowing seeds at elevated operating speeds. accuracy of sowing seeds at higher speeds. The goal is achieved by the fact that the body is cylindrical and its surface is mated with the inner surface of the drum, while the camera chamber is eccentrically located in the body, forms a window in its upper part and communicates with the pneumatic chamber by means of pneumatic channels located tangentially to the seed chamber , and a guide is made inside the seed chamber in the continuation of the pneumatic channels. ka nka In addition, a pneumatic channel is made in the housing that connects the cavity of the pneumatic chamber with the drum cells at the place of seed ejection. FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic sowing apparatus, a longitudinal section, in FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. 1 .. The apparatus includes a housing 1 in which a pneumatic chamber 2 is made, connected by means of a pneumatic line 3 to a blower cavity of a fan (not shown), and a seed chamber 4 connected by a channel 5 to a hopper 6 for seeds. The housing 1 encloses the drum 7 with through-holes B on the cylindrical part, covered from the outside by a plate 9, which is made stepped, the stage 10 of which is located in the ring groove 11 along the axis of symmetry of the sleeves 8 with the possibility of adjusting their size in depth. The pneumatic chamber 2 is connected to the seed chamber 4 by means of pneumatic channels 12 tangentially arranged to it, coinciding in direction with the rotation of the drum 7 and the guide groove 13, while the seed chamber is eccentrically located relative to the cylindrical surface of the drum 7 in such a way that the upper part is formed a window 14 overlapped by the inner cellular surface of the drum 7 In the lower part, the pneumatic chamber 2 is provided with a pneumatic channel 15 located along the axis of symmetry of the cells 8 of the drum 7 at the place of ejection from them n. The device works as follows. The seed chamber 4 enters the seeds through channel 5 from the bunker 6, the drum 7 is simultaneously rotated, and a fan (not shown) is pumped by the air through the pneumatic line 3 into the pneumatic chamber 2, from where tangentially located pneumatic channels 12 enters the seed chamber 4 under semen layer In the seed chamber 4, an air vortex flow is created, directed in the direction of rotation of the drum 7 and exciting seeds, located at the bottom of the seed chamber 4, and in the guide groove 13 brings them to the window 14. Here the seeds are located near the cells 8 are captured by them due to the passage of air flows through the cells 8 through the slots formed by the cylindrical surface of the cell 8 and the plate 9 into the atmosphere. With the same air flow, the seeds are kept in the cells 8 while they are in the zone of window 14. Next, the seeds in the cells are mechanically transported, supported on one side by the plate 9, and on the other side - by the cylindrical surface of the housing 1i Pneumatic channel 64 stuffy flow coming through this pneumatic channel from pneumocamera 2, throws this in the furrow. Thus, thanks to the created in. the seed chamber, a vortex flow in which the seeds are in a suspended state, creates conditions for accurate single-grain seed selection at practically unlimited speeds, which, in turn, will ensure that the increased seed rates do not change the parameters of the apparatus when the peripheral speed changes drum and vortex flow velocity. Claim 1. Pneumatic sowing apparatus, comprising a housing in which the seed, chamber and communicating with it are pneumatic chamber, through-cell drum and a plate covering it from the outside, characterized in that higher speeds, the body is cylindrical, and its surface is mated with the inner surface of the drum, while the seed chamber is eccentrically located in the body, forms a window in its upper part and communicates with the pneumatic chamber along redstvom arranged tangentially to the chamber in the direction of the seed drum rotation pnevmokanalov, and within the seed chamber in the extension direction L pnevmokanalov formed guide groove. 2. The device according to claim 1, except that the pneumatic channel connecting the cavity of the pneumocamera with the baraba cells at the place of seed ejection is made in the housing. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent number 3731842, cl. 221/278, 1973.

2.Patent of France No. 1457515, cl. A 01 C, 1965 (prototype).