SU873091A1

SU873091A1 - Device for measuring loose material humidity

Info

Publication number: SU873091A1
Application number: SU802875311A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Николай Дмитриевич Черкасов; Виктор Федорович Крысов; Валерий Васильевич Окатьев
Original assignee: Кировский Политехнический Институт
Priority date: 1980-01-25
Filing date: 1980-01-25
Publication date: 1981-10-15

Description

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике, а именно к устройствам* основанным на электрических методах измерения влажности, и может быть Использовано, преяще всего, в топливной промышленности, например, для непре- * рывного определения влажности добываемого фрезерного торфа бункерными машинами, в строительной индустрии для измерения влажности песка, например, при изготовлении бетонной смеси, на тепловых электростанциях для контроля за влажностью поступающего на сжигание торфа, на предприятиях по изготовлению древесно-стружечных плит.при определении влажности стружки И др.The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to devices * based on electrical methods of measuring moisture, and can be used, most of all, in the fuel industry, for example, for continuous determination of the moisture content of milled peat produced by bunker machines, in the construction industry for measuring humidity of sand, for example, in the manufacture of concrete mixtures, in thermal power plants to control the humidity of peat coming from burning, in enterprises for the production of wood-shavings it.pri determining chip moisture content and others.

Известны устройства для измерения влажности сыпучих материалов, в которых уплотнение сыпучих материалов перед измерением влажности осуществляется шнеком или подвижным поршнем пз.Known devices for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials, in which the compaction of bulk materials before measuring moisture is carried out by a screw or a movable piston pz.

Однако использование шнекового уплотнителя не обеспечивает потребного давления прессования и, кроме того, ~й‘ этом случае требуется создание больших усилий на валу шнека. Использование же поршневого уплотнителя из-за его возвратно-поступательного движения делает процесс измерения влажности прерывным, что существенно снижает производительность измерений, а само конструктивное решение поршневых уплотнителей сложно и ненадежно в работе . ‘However, the use of a screw compactor does not provide the required pressing pressure and, in addition, ~ th ‘in this case, the creation of large forces on the screw shaft is required. The use of a piston seal due to its reciprocating motion makes the moisture measurement process discontinuous, which significantly reduces the measurement performance, and the constructive solution of the piston seals is difficult and unreliable in operation. ‘

Наиболее близким к предложенному является устройство для измерения влажности сыпучих материалов, содержащее питатель, уплотняющий орган, электроды, измерительную аппаратуру. Уплотнение материала в измерительной камере осуществляется поршнем пневматического цилиндра. В поршень вмонтированы два стержневых электрода, которые при сжатии сыпучего материала внедряются в уплотняющий образец материала. Засыпка пробы материала в измерительную камеру и освобождение ее от пробы выполняется с помощью спе!Closest to the proposed is a device for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials containing a feeder, a sealing body, electrodes, measuring equipment. Compaction of the material in the measuring chamber is carried out by the piston of a pneumatic cylinder. Two rod electrodes are mounted in the piston, which, when the bulk material is compressed, are introduced into the sealing sample of the material. Filling the material sample into the measuring chamber and freeing it from the sample is carried out using special tools!

циацьной заслонки, перемещающейся вместе со штоком L2}.a flap moving with the L2 stem}.

Однако в данном устройстве процесс измерения влажности материала осуществляется не непрерывно, а циклически, причем сам цикл состоит из заполнения измерительной камеры сыпучим ма• териалом, сжатия материала, измерения электрического сопротивления упло±ненного образца и удаления пробы из камеры. Поэтому данное устройство нельзя использовать для непрерывного измерения влажности сыпучих материалов непосредственно в их движущихся потоках, особенно в быстродвижущихся потоках. Данное устройство малопроизг водительно, поскольку скорости движения поршня и подвижных частей во всех уплотнителях подобного типа незначительны. Кроме того в известном устройстве измеряется электрическое со-) противление не всего уплотненного об- , разца материала, _ta лишь его части, заключенной между электродами. В этом случае всегда имеется вероятность по- _г5лучения случайных, не характерных для всего объёма опробования данных, и, • следовательно, получаемые результаты определений влажности не всегда достоверны и воспроизводимы при повторных определениях. Данное устройство конструктивно сложно, поскольку в нем имеются трущиеся и подвижные части, размещенные в камере с Сыпучим материалом.However, in this device, the process of measuring the moisture of the material is carried out not continuously, but cyclically, and the cycle itself consists of filling the measuring chamber with bulk material, compressing the material, measuring the electrical resistance of the flattened sample and removing the sample from the chamber. Therefore, this device cannot be used to continuously measure the moisture content of bulk materials directly in their moving flows, especially in fast-moving flows. This device is not very productive, since the speeds of the piston and moving parts in all seals of this type are negligible. In addition, in the known device, the electrical resistance of not all of the densified material is measured, _t a of only a part thereof enclosed between the electrodes. In this case, there is always a probability of a random _r5 radiation, not typical for the whole volume of data sampling, and, • thus obtained results humidity definitions are not always reliable and reproducible in repeat determinations. This device is structurally difficult, because it contains rubbing and moving parts placed in a chamber with Bulk material.

линдрического образца материала на межцентровой линии валиков.a linear sample of material on the center line of the rollers.

Устройство снабжено сеткой, свя-:The device is equipped with a grid, connected:

занной эксцентрично при помощи тяг с зубчатым колесом.eccentric with gear rods.

На фиг. 1 схематически изображено лредлагаемое устройство, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 - то же, вид сверху с частичным вырезом спрессованного образца для лучшего показа размещения электродов.In FIG. 1 schematically shows a proposed device, side view; in FIG. 2 is the same, a top view with a partial cutaway of a compressed sample to better show the placement of the electrodes.

Устройство содержит сетку 1, шарнирно связанную тягой 2 с зубчатым ко лесом, исследуемый материал в его сыпучем 3 и спрессованном 4 состоянии, питатель 5, два одинаковые по форме и размерам валика 6, выполненных из диэлектрического материала, приводимых в равное и противоположное направленное вращение зубчатой парой 7, электродов 8, размещенных с ,торцов измеряемого образца 9 на межцентровой линии валиков, измерительную аппаратуру, состоящую из интегратора 10 и самописца II.The device comprises a grid 1 pivotally connected by a rod 2 with a gear forest, the test material in its free-flowing 3 and pressed 4 state, a feeder 5, two rollers 6 of the same shape and size, made of dielectric material, driven into equal and opposite directional rotation of the gear a pair of 7, electrodes 8 placed with, the ends of the measured sample 9 on the center line of the rollers, measuring equipment consisting of an integrator 10 and a recorder II.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Из движущегося потока часть материала поступает через сетку 1 в питатель 5, откуда материал 3 захватывается вращающимися навстречу друг другу валиками 6 и постепенно уплотняется в цилиндрический образец 9, электрическое сопротивление которого измеряется с помощью электродов 8. Пульсирующее напряжение с электродов поступает на интегратор 10 и на самопишущую аппаратуру 11. Вращение валиков в противоположные стороны с одинаковыми скоростями обеспечивается зубчатой парой 7. Сыпучий материал 4 фракционируется с помощью колеблющейся сетки 1, которая одной стороной шарнирно закреплена к питателю 5, а другой частью тягой 2 соединена эксцентрично с зубчатьы колесом 7, при вращении которого сетка 1 совершает колебательные движения, что обеспечивает просеивание материала 3 определенных фракций <и, кроме того, сбрасывание с сетки в движущийся основной поток лишнего материала и материала грубых фракций.Part of the material from the moving stream passes through the grid 1 to the feeder 5, from where the material 3 is captured by the rollers 6 rotating towards each other and gradually compacted into a cylindrical sample 9, the electrical resistance of which is measured using the electrodes 8. The pulsating voltage from the electrodes is supplied to the integrator 10 and recorder 11. The rotation of the rollers in opposite directions with the same speeds is provided by a gear pair 7. The bulk material 4 is fractionated using an oscillating grid 1, cat The left side is pivotally attached to the feeder 5, and the other part of the link 2 is connected eccentrically to the gears by the wheel 7, during rotation of which the mesh 1 makes oscillating movements, which ensures the sifting of the material 3 of certain fractions <and, in addition, dropping from the mesh into the moving main stream excess material and material of coarse fractions.

Выполнение в устройстве уплотняющего органа в виде вращающихся навстречу друг другу валиков обеспечивает непрерывный процесс измерений и поэтому устройство можно использовать для измерения влажности сыпучих материалов в быстро движущихся протоках.The implementation in the device of the sealing body in the form of rollers rotating towards each other provides a continuous measurement process and therefore the device can be used to measure the moisture content of bulk materials in fast-moving ducts.

Целью изобретения является обеспечение непрерывного измерения влажности сыпучих материалов в движущихся потоках, повышение производительности и достоверности измерений и уплотнение конструкции.The aim of the invention is to provide continuous measurement of the moisture content of bulk materials in moving streams, increasing productivity and reliability of measurements and compaction of the structure.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что в устройстве для измерения влажности сыпучих материалов, содержащем питатель с уплотняющим органом, в поршень которого вмонтированы два стерж-невых .-.электрода и измерительную аппаратуру, уплотняющий ррган выполнен в виде двух одинаковых по форме и размерам вращающихся навстречу друг другу с одинаковой скоростью валиков из диэлектрического материала, по поверхности которых симметрично размещены пазы в форме полуокружностей, при совпадении которых происходит уплотнение сыпучего материала. Для получения более достоверных измерений электроды' размещены по торцам уплотненного ци40This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials containing a feeder with a sealing body, into the piston of which are mounted two rod-shaped electrodes and measuring equipment, the sealing bar is made in the form of two identical in shape and size rotating towards each other to each other with the same speed of the rolls of dielectric material, on the surface of which grooves in the form of semicircles are symmetrically placed, when they coincide, the bulk material is densified. To obtain more reliable measurements, the electrodes are placed at the ends of the densified cy40

При этом проиэвоДствительность определений в 7-10 раз больше, чем в известных устройствах с поршневыми уплотнителями. Расположение электродов с торцов уплотненного образца обеспечивает прохождение тока через весь объем образца материала, в результате чего получаемые результаты измерений влажности более достоверны, чем в известных устройствах. Отсутствие в устройстве цилиндрической части с подвижными в ней поршнем и другими трущимися элементами существенно упрощает конструкцию устройства, повышает ее надежность и эксплуатационные ка- ,15At the same time, the validity of determinations is 7–10 times greater than in known devices with piston seals. The location of the electrodes from the ends of the densified sample ensures the passage of current through the entire volume of the material sample, as a result of which the obtained moisture measurement results are more reliable than in known devices. The absence in the device of a cylindrical part with a movable piston and other rubbing elements significantly simplifies the design of the device, increases its reliability and operational

873091 6 поршень которого вмонтированы два стержневых.электрода, измерительную аппаратуру, отличающееся тем, что, с целью обеспечения непре$ рывного измерения влажности сыпучих материалов в движущихся потоках, повышения -производительности и достоверности измерений, уплотняющий орган выполнен в воде двух одинаковых 10 валиков из диэлектрического материала, соединенных с 'зубчатой парой, и по поверхности которых симметрично размещены пазы.в форме полуокружностей.873091 The piston of which two rod electrodes are mounted, measuring equipment, characterized in that, in order to ensure continuous measurement of the moisture content of bulk materials in moving flows, to increase productivity and reliability of measurements, the sealing body is made in water of two identical 10 dielectric rollers material connected to a gear pair, and on the surface of which grooves are symmetrically placed. in the form of semicircles.

2. Устройство поп. 1,о т л и - чёства.2. The device pop. 1, about l and - honors.

Использование данного изобретения в торфяной промышленности путем установки в бункере добывающих машин позволяет впервые автоматизировать конт- го роль за влажностью добываемого торфа и, следовательно, устранить добычу браковочного по влажности топливного торфа.The use of this invention in the peat industry by installing mining machines in the bunker makes it possible for the first time to automate the control of the role played by the humidity of the extracted peat and, therefore, to eliminate the production of moisture rejected fuel peat.

Claims

(54) DEVICE FOR MEASURING HUMIDITY OF BULKERS The invention relates to measuring equipment, namely devices based on electric methods of measuring humidity, and can be used, first of all, in the fuel industry, for example, to continuously determine the moisture content of mined peat produced by bunker machines in the construction industry for measuring the moisture content of sand, for example, in the manufacture of concrete mixture in thermal power plants to control the moisture content of peat supplied to the cjKBija, These are devices for measuring the moisture of granular materials in which the compaction of bulk materials prior to moisture measurement is carried out by a screw or a movable piston. However, the use of a screw compactor does not provide the required pressing pressure and , Besides. MATERIALS In this case, the creation of large forces on the auger shaft is required. The use of a piston seal due to its reciprocating motion makes the measurement of humidity discontinuous, which significantly reduces the performance of the measurements, and the design concept of piston seals is difficult and unreliable in operation. The closest to the proposed is a device for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials, comprising a feeder, a sealing body, electrodes, and measuring equipment. The material is compacted in the measuring chamber by means of the porishe of the pneumatic cylinder. Two rod electrodes are mounted into the piston, which, when compressed. Of the bulk material, are embedded in the sealing material. Sampling of the sample into the measuring chamber and its release from sampling is carried out with the help of a special damper moving together with the rod 23. However, in this device the process of measuring the moisture of the material is not cyclically continuous, and the cycle itself consists of filling the measuring chamber with loose material compressing the material; measuring the electrical resistance of the flop sample; and removing the sample from the chamber. Therefore, this device cannot be used to continuously measure the moisture content of bulk materials directly in their moving flows, especially in fast-moving flows. This device is very small, since the speeds of the powder and moving parts in all seals of this type are insignificant. In addition, in a known device, the electrical resistance of not all the compacted sample of the material is measured, but only its part, which is enclosed by electrodes. In this case, there is always the likelihood of obtaining random, not typical for the entire volume of data sampling, and, therefore, the crawled results of moisture determinations are not always reliable and reproducible with REPETITES. This device is structurally difficult, since it has labor and moving parts placed in a chamber with loose material. The aim of the invention is to provide continuous measurement of moisture of volatile materials in moving parts, varying the productivity and accuracy of measurements and compaction of the structure. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for measuring the moisture content of bulk materials, containing a feeder with a seal, an organ in the pores of which two rod electrodes are mounted: the electrodes and the measuring apparatus, the sealing lip is made in Bff, e the shape and size of rotating toward each other with the same speed rollers of dielectric material, on the surface of which are symmetrically arranged pads in the shape of semicircles, at the same time compaction of this outgoing material occurs. To obtain more reliable measurements, the electrodes are located along the ends of a compacted cylindrical material sample on the center line of the rollers. The device is equipped with a grid that is eccentrically connected by means of a puller with a gear wheel. Fig, I schematically shows the proposed device, side view; Fig. 2 is the same, top view with a partial cut-out of the pressed sample to better show the placement of the electrodes. The device contains a grid 1 pivotally connected by a pull 2 with a gear wheel, the material under study in its loose 3 and compressed 4 states, a feeder 5, two of the same shape and size of the roller 6, made of a dielectric material, equal and opposite direct rotation by the gear pair 7, electrodes 8 placed at the ends of the measured sample 9 on the center line of the rollers, measuring equipment consisting of integrator 10 and recorder II. The device works as follows. From the moving stream, a part of the material flows through the grid I into the feeder 5, from where material 3 is captured by rollers 6 rotating towards each other and gradually condenses into a cylindrical sample 9, the electrical resistance of which is measured by electrodes 8. The pulsating voltage from the electrodes goes to the integrator 10 and on the recording apparatus I, the rotation of the rollers in opposite directions with the same speed is provided by a gear pair 7. The bulk material 4 is fractionated using oscillating grid 1, which by one side is hinged to the feeder 5, and by the other part, the 2 is eccentrically connected to the cog wheel 7, during rotation of which the grid 1 performs oscillatory movements, which ensures screening of the material 3 certain fractions, and, moreover, dropping from the sett into the moving main the flow of raw material and material of coarse fractions. A gap in the device of the sealing organ in the whirling rollers rotating towards each other ensures a continuous measurement process and therefore the device can be used to measure the moisture content of bulk materials in fast moving ducts. 5; 8 At the same time, the production of definitions is 7-10 times more than in the well-known devices with piston seals. The location of the electrodes from the ends of the compacted sample ensures the passage of current through the entire volume of the material sample, as a result of which the obtained humidity measurement results are more reliable than in known devices. The absence of a cylindrical part in the device with a piston and other sliding elements underneath it substantially impedes the design of the device, increases its reliability and performance. The use of this invention in the peat industry by installing mining machines in the bunker allows for the first time to automate the control of the moisture content of the extracted peat and, therefore, eliminate the extraction of moisture-peated fuel peat. Claims 1. A device for measuring the moisture of bulk materials, comprising a feeder with a sealing body, in the piston of which two rod electrodes are mounted, a measuring instrument, characterized in that, in order to provide continuous measurement of the moisture content of bulk materials in moving streams, .the performance and reliability of measurements, the sealing body is made in the whole of two identical rollers of dielectric material connected to a gear pair, and on the surface of which is symmetrical About posted grooves in the form of semicircles. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are placed along the ends of the compacted cylindrical sample on the center line of the rollers. 3. A device as defined in Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the device is provided with a grid that is eccentrically connected by means of a cable with a gear wheel. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. M. Berlner. Moisture measurement. M., Energie, 1973, p. 38-43.

2. USSR author's certificate number 632944, cl. G 01 N 27/22. 197.7 (prototype).