SU867335A1 - Method of antierosion preparation of soil for cultivating fruit and berry plants on slopes - Google Patents

Description

Bridges for reducing intra-tempered water flow 21.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is ineffective in terms of erosive relation, it has created the necessary conditions for the increased productivity of fruit fruit, especially for thickened intensive plantations of the type (on clone vegetatively, breeds of weakly and medium-sized rootstocks).

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the liquid and solid runoff, improve the microbiological, water-nutritional and thermal regimes and increase the productivity of plantations.

The goal is achieved by placing the fascines in the recesses made along the bottom of the trench, after applying the fertilizers, the trenches are filled with humified soil, leaving the upper part of the trench 20-2.5 cm unloaded, and after planting the seedlings are laid a layer of insulating inorganic material and from above to the surface a layer of draining inert material.

Moreover, the soil extracted from the bottom of the trench is spread on the surface between the rows, mixing with the upper fertile part of the soil, and sown with perennial cereal grasses ..

The improvement of the microbiological water-nutritional and thermal regimes occurs due to the interconnected complex effect of the above-mentioned components of the trench content in combination with the system of keeping between fruit crops. In the trench, the root neck of the seedling is buried relative to the surface of the plot; to a height equal to the thickness of the upper trench filler (drainage and thermal insulation layer), which, when combined, acted as an inorganic two-component mulch, intensively absorbs water and transfers it to the underlying soil layers, i.e. reduces liquid and solid runoff. Being at the same time a good insulant, the specified material reliably protects the soil in the trench, and with it the root. the plant system from frostbite at the beginning of winter, which contributes to the lengthening of the root growth period and the accumulation in the fruit tree of additional organic substances in late autumn and even partially in the winter period, and consequently, an increase in winter resistance and productivity of fruit plantations. In the summer months, in hot weather, the mulch protects the soil from strong warming, drying out and overgrowing with weeds, i.e. The mulch creates a favorable bold and thermal regime for the growth and development of the root system and the whole plant. ..

The insulating effect of the inorganic filler is based on the fact that the air between the filler particles conducts heat poorly and serves as a heat insulator, and moreover, if the particles themselves are also porous, then such mulch increases the heat insulating properties .

The cost of caring for the soil and plants is reduced by eliminating labor-intensive mandatory operations, such as heating and weeding .9

When cultivating fruit crops according to the proposed method, roots and weeds will not be able to develop in the upper part of the trench, consisting of an inorganic filler, devoid of nutrients.

Thanks to their good draining properties, at any time of year, the inorganic muLa most of the surface runoff resulting from intense snow or heavy rainfall will intercept and transfer to the underlying soil layers, and additional containers placed along the bottom of the trench with vertically installed plant fragments they will collect the leaked excess water and prevent the subsurface flow from forming. Due to the fact that the fascines are installed vertically, they do not clog, despite the high pressure on them of the contents of the trenches, and well drain the deep layers of the soil. After the disintegration of the fascines, voids are formed, and the porosity increases, along which excess water accumulating at the bottom of the trench will seep into the underlying horizons. In addition, fascias perform the role of ameliorant (the soil structure improves). and are; an additional source of nutrients for cultivated crops.

The soil washout will be completely insignificant (almost zero), since the entire surface of the soil is protected by inorganic mulch in fruit plantations, and in perennial cereal grasses between the fields.

Claims (2)

Example. The slope section set aside for planting the garden is plowed to the usual field depth (20-22 cm and a breakdown is made of future rows of plantations. Deep trenches are made with non-cut lines. For this, an excavator can be used, such as an E-153, combined with a dozer lopd. The same machines are used to fill the trenches with soil, but more productive excavators for trenches are multi-bucket and rotary excavators. Each trench is made up of 2 operations. First, the upper humus horizon is removed and placed in the form of a roller next to the trench, then the second pass deepens the trench to the desired mark and fold the lower layers of the soil in the middle of the future between the depths. The trench sizes depend on the biological features of the laid fruit plants, their root systems. For planting a seed garden (blonii, pear it The depth of the trench is adjusted to 1.2-1.5 and the width to 0.6-0.8 m for stone crops (cherry, plum, etc., and grapes, respectively, 0.8 to 1.27 0.4-0.6 m, yearlings (currants; Maine, etc.) O, 6-0, 2-0.4 m. When handing trenches at the bottom of them, after a certain distance, for example after 10-15 m, excavations are made up to a depth of 0.5– 0.6 m, which is filled with drainage material in the form of, vertically set bundles of brushwood or stalks of sunflower, corn, reed, etc. height equal to the notch in the bottom of the trench. Next, proceed to fill the trench. In the lower part, there are many summer stocks of organo-mineral deposits, for example, 4-6 years, based on the biological needs of the planted fruit crop. Manure, compost, peat, etc. are used as organic fertilizers, and mineral granulated fertilizers are better than mineral fertilizers, such as nitroammophos and others. 1-PTU trailers-spreaders are used to add organo-mineral fertilizers and backfilling trenches on top of loose bulk inert matter. 4 or 1-PTU-3,5. In order to reduce the width of the fertilizer spreading, trailers are equipped with a guard-casing, which is mounted behind the spreaders of the augers. You can also use for this purpose and the feed dispenser RM-5 with a lateral release of loose mass of organic-mineral fertilizers and inorganic-granular filler. Then the trenches by 3/4 are covered with the upper fertile humus layer of soil, leaving the upper part of the trenches (approximately 25-30 cm) not filled up. The soil is moved into the trench by any bulldozer with a swivel or slanting blade or using a tool for a bulldozer with a shaft not swiveling. The device consists of two symmetrically graded blades of the grader type, raking the soil to the center of the bulldozer and dropping it during the forward movement of the tractor into an open trench. After natural soil compaction, the planting is carried out; fruit crops or grapes. To protect against mechanical damage, seedlings are tied with thick wrapping paper or other suitable material. After planting, they tuck in a trench with a thin layer, for example, 6-10 cm, insulating easily inhaling water with an inorganic chemical-neutral material, for example, glass fiber, fibrous waste of mylar production, dornitbm F-1, used in road construction, etc. From above, to the day surface, the trenches are filled with solid inorganic well draining loose inert material with thermal insulating properties, for example, expanded clay, fine crushed stone, gravel, and other porous materials (industrial chemicals). The soil removed from the bottom is scattered over the surface, for example, a BN-1 soil grab, and mixed with a heavy disk harrow, for example, BDST-2.5, with the upper humus horizon. After application of the complete mineral fertilizer according to the zonal agro-demands, between the rows, they are sown with perennial cereal grasses, which during the growing season are repeatedly mown, crushed and left between the rows as organic mulch. The proposed method of anti-erosion cultivation of fruit crops ensures the retention and absorption of more than 80 mm of the runoff surface layer, which is 2-4 times larger than the known soil washout is practically absent, because the soil is closed in the plantations and between the fields With which inorganic mulch is not silted up, the cropping and weeding operations are excluded, an increase in the winter hardiness of the trees makes it possible to broaden the cultivation area of fruit crops. The application of the proposed method will give an Additional profit per hectare of fruit-bearing plantations up to 1000 rubles, and in the country the annual economic effect will be more than 50 million rubles. Claims. 1. A method for the preparation of soil for the cultivation of fruit crops on the slopes, including cutting a craft across the slope of the trenches, installing fashin, applying fertilizers to planting seedlings on the root of the bedding, planting seedlings, characterized in that, in order to reduce liquid and solid drainage, improvement of microbiological, water-nutritional and thermal regimes and increase in productivity of plantings 86733, fascines {set in the recesses made along the bottom of the trench, after applying fertilizers, the trenches fall asleep usirovannoy mail allowed nezasypannoy upper portion of the trench. ya 20-25 cm, and after planting the seedlings lay a layer of insulating inorganic material and from the top to the day surface a layer of draining inert material .. 2. POP.1 method, different from the 58 trench the soil is spread on the surface of the schistosum; mixing with the top of the soil, and seeded with perennial cereal grasses. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Copyright Certificate № 697070, cl. A 01 B 13/16, 1978. 2. Gardening, 1975, 10, p. 38 (prototype). .