SU865848A1 - Device for preventing contamination of natural water reservoirs with waste water - Google Patents

Description

(54) DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST EUTROFICTION OF NATURAL WATER WITH WASTE WATER

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The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment from pollution and toxic substances and can be used for protection against eutrophication of natural reservoirs by wastewater.

A device is known for the treatment of wastewater and its discharge into a reservoir / channel, which is a channel with sections of water vegetation, between which biological oxidation sections are located. In the sections of biological oxidation, an optically transparent filtering load is located, and in sections of aquatic vegetation on the support frames, perforated trays are installed at a distance from each other for the cultivation of aquatic vegetation. In addition, in front of the sections of aquatic vegetation there are vertical clarifiers, and between the sections of aquatic vegetation and biological oxidation there are partitions with openings 1. "

However, the known device has a low intensity of biological oxidation of organic pollution of wastewater and does not provide an optimal gas regime for purified water.

The purpose of the invention is to intensify the sewage treatment process by improving the gas regime of purified water,

The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a device made in the form of a channel and divided by transverse partitions into sections of water vegetation, equipped with perforated trays for the cultivation of aquatic vegetation, and sections of biological oxidation, equipped with a filtering load and equipped with vertical sedimentation tanks, sections of biological detection are equipped with tubular aerators and made communicated in the transverse direction with sections of aquatic vegetation, while sections of biological The oxidation units are placed in a checkerboard pattern and together with the vertical settling tank they form a two-stage biological wastewater treatment unit.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed channel, a general view, in FIG. 2 - the same, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 4 — perforated tray for the cultivation of aquatic vegetation; in fig. 5 is a section bb of fig 1; in fig. 6 section bb In figure 1; in fig. 7 fragment of the construction of the channel with a vertical settler. The channel for protection against the eutrophication of the reservoir with sewage is made in the form of a gravity-flow water pipe with vertical walls 1. In a transverse section, the channel has a straight angle shape and is divided by solid partitions 2 into two-stage biological wastewater treatment units 3 with vertical sedimentation tanks 4. Vertical septic tanks 4 intended to clarify the treated water. Blocks 3 have a bottom 5, made with a slope of not less than 0.02. In the lower part of the vertical sedimentation tanks 4, walls 2 are transferred to inclined walls, which form bunkers 6 for sludge accumulation. Each of the blocks 3 together with the vertical sedimentation tanks 4 form a two-stage biological wastewater treatment unit, and the two-stage blocks communicate with each other by means of vertical clarifiers 4. The number of blocks is selected depending on the distance of the source of wastewater and the natural water body. degree of wastewater treatment. The preferred minimum number of two-stage blocks 3 should be two. The two-stage units 3 constitute directly the channel for protection against the eutrophication of a natural reservoir with sewage. In the proposed channel, two-stage bio-biological: sewage treatment plants are installed below the height in relation to each other to ensure the gravity of the wastewater discharged. Each of blocks 3 is divided in the longitudinal direction by vertical windy partitions 7 on section 8 of I aquatic vegetation and section II of biological oxidation. The hole relocations 7 are made in height below wall 1 and partitions 2. Sections 8 and 9 in each two-stage block 3 staggered in chess order. The sections of aquatic vegetation are equipped with perforated pallets 10 with gravel and soil filling 11 intended for planting aquatic plants into it, which are the biological absorber of contaminants and biogenic elements of wastewater. Biological oxidation sections are modified biological filters with perforated pipes at the bottom — tubular aerators 12 and tubular drainage 13, and filter loading 14 with a grain size of up to 120 mm, which serves as a substrate for the development of a biological film, is laid on top of these pipes. Sections 8 and 9 in the transverse direction are interconnected by means of apertures of perforated longitudinal partitions 7. In addition, in each block 3, sections 8 and 9 of the first stage are connected to the same sections of the second stage by means of drainage windows 15 located in transverse partitions 2 and overlapped with shield gates 16. Drainage windows 15 are equipped with nets. A drain window 17 is located above each drainage window 15 in the partition 2 at the height of the partitions 7, designed to adjust the upper level of the water in the section. Each second stage of the block 3 communicates with the vertical settling tank 4 by means of drainage windows 18 equipped with nets. Drainage windows 18 are located in sections 9 and are made of shuttered shutter valves 19. In addition, each second stage of unit 3 is connected to a vertical settling tank 4 by means of a drainage window 20 blocked by a shield gate 21 and located in section.i 2 at the level of the perforated partitions 7, the overflow window 22. Each vertical settling tank 4. is provided with a vertical bulkhead 23, not reaching its bottom end to the bottom of the hopper 6 to provide an in-depth water supply. In addition, each vertical settler 4 is equipped with a drainage tray 24 in which a perforated pipe 25 is located. At the bottom of the hopper 6 also a perforated pipe 26 is located. The vertical decalcifier 4 is connected to the first stage of the subsequent block of biological wastewater treatment through a drainage tray 24 and spillway windows 27 located. in the transverse partition 2 at the level of the partition 7. Drainage holes 27 provide water directly to the aquatic plant section 8. To intensify the oxidation process of sewage pollution and oxygenation of the air, the channel is equipped with a blower 28, communicating with air ducts with ventilators 29 with air ducts 12. The device is equipped with a system of periodic washing of the filter loading of 14 biological oxidation sections in order to prevent flooding of the sections. For this purpose, the tubular drainage of 13 sections 9 through pipelines with valves 30, water supply pump 31 and pipelines with valves 32 communicates with perforated pipes 25. In addition, the channel is equipped with a system for discharge of sediment from bins 6

clarifiers 4. For these purposes, the perforated pipes 26 are connected via pipelines with valves 33 and a pump 34 with a sediment discharge pipe having a valve 35.

The channel is connected to the wastewater source via a pipeline, which, in turn, is communicated via valves 36 with sections 8.

The channel ends with a vertical sump 4, the purified water from the bark comes through the drainage tray 24 to the purified water pipeline equipped with a valve 37.

In section 8, perforated pallets 10 are placed with a gravel-soil load 11 with previously placed aquatic plants taken from a natural water body, and in section 9 a filter load 14 is placed, for example, from gravel.

The channel works as follows.

Wastewater, for example, from biological sewage treatment facilities, is piped through open valves 36 to section 8 of aquatic vegetation. In this case, the perforated pallets 10 with the water plants planted in the gravel-soil loading 11 are washed with water. Water penetrates through the openings of the walls of the pallets and the slots of loading 11, and the root system of the plant absorbs nutrients, trace elements and a number of toxic substances, especially phenolic compounds, oil products, a number of organic and mineral compounds found in waste water in small quantities, since the waters have already been pretreated.

When sections 8 are filled with waste water, this water through the partition walls 7 then penetrates into the slots of the filtering load 14 and with the open shield valve 16 through the drainage hole 15, equipped with a net to prevent the filtering load 14 from being carried by the water entering the section 8 of the second stage 3, into perforated pods 10 with aquatic plants are also located there. In this section, the water washes away the perforated pallets 10 and aquatic plants and penetrates through the perforated partitions 7 into the filtering load 14. Water, having passed through the filtering load 14 of the sections 9 through the drainage windows 18, equipped with nets., When the shield gates 19 are open, it enters the vertical sump 4 and fills it up.

From the vertical sump 4, water enters the catchment tray 24, which has a gear spillway, from which it enters section 8 of the water vegetation of the first stage of purification of the second unit of biological wastewater treatment. The process of water circulation, biological purification and clarification of wastewater in the second block is the same as in the first. The purified and clarified water is discharged through the overflow tray 24 through the drainage pipe through the open valve 37 to the natural reservoir directly or after a preliminary decontamination process in a known manner.

After filling the canal with water and

0 adjusting the flow rate of water in its sections and blocks, a blower 28 is put into operation. Through open valves 29, compressed air is supplied to perforated, porous or perforated pipes 12, which act as aerators. Compressed air passes through the pores of the Ilch openings of perforated pipes 12 and further through the filter loading 14 and pressurizes water with oxygen. Water saturation with oxygen in the air is necessary to maintain the normal vital processes of aerobic organisms of the biological film, which develops on the filtering load 14, additional oxidation of contaminants by means of oxygen dissolved in water, and also to prevent excessive loading of the filtering load 14, since compressed air passage through

0 pores filter loading, prevents excessive deposition, sludge and sediment in the filter loading 14.

In the process of passing water through the filter loading 14 and its saturation 5 with oxygen of the air, the biological film develops intensively as in conventional filters, and the biological film of the filter loading 14 undergoes the process of water purification as well as the biological film of biological filters or a biological film of substrates of a natural reservoir, which takes a direct active part in the self-purification of a natural reservoir from contamination.

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Filter compartments that play the role of biological filters, both in design and in functionality, since they have a powerful system of water saturation with oxygen in the air to enhance the biological oxidation process of wastewater, prevent the filter loading process 14, and they combine at

5 itself has the function of water drainage and the function of the after-treatment of water from contamination.

The compartments of aquatic vegetation together with the perforated pallets 10 and 11 aquatic plants planted in the batch provide additional treatment of water from those types of contaminants and wastewater impurities that cannot be cleaned with a biological film of the filter loading of 14 compartments 9, especially

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phenolic compounds, petroleum and ammonium salts, and a number of other organic compounds that, when released into a natural water body, increase its eutrophication and thus render the water body unsuitable for further use in fishery purposes.

In the process of biological treatment of wastewater, dead pieces of biological film, suspended solids and sludge particles are formed, which are then removed from the sections of the water and enter the vertical settler 4. In this case, the vertical partition 23 provides an in-depth water supply, suspended substances and pieces of the biological film are deposited in the bunker 6, and the clarified water rises up and proceeds to the drainage tray and through the spillway windows 27 to the compartments 8 of the subsequent biological treatment unit.

for the purpose of prophylaxis, especially to remove large pieces of biological film from the filter load 14 and sludge deposits in the filter load 14, washing of sections is provided, which is carried out as follows.

The pump 31 is switched into operation with pump 32 by means of perforated pipes 25 when the valves 32 are open. Water from trays 24 is fed through pipelines through an open valve 30 into the tubular drainage 13 of the first stage of unit 3 and closes the drainage window 15 with a shield valve 16. In this case, the flow The air supplied to the perforated pipes 12 and the flow of water leaving the tubular drainage 13 pass through the filter charge 14 and wash out the dead pieces of biological film and sludge from it. The total flow of water carries these sediments to the aquatic plant section of the second stage of purification of the same block through the overflow window 17. When washing section 9, some of the wash water passes through the perforated partitions 7 of the section 8 aquatic vegetation and through the upper edge of the perforated partitions 7 the wash water flows back to the section 9 and exits the general flow through the spillway window 17.

With increased hydraulic load, the URG of the same sewage biological treatment unit in the washing process leaves the wash water through a drainage window 20 in which the gate valve 21 was previously opened, as well as through the overflow window 22 into the vertical sump 4. After the flushing stops, the valve is closed 30 and thus the access of the wash water to the tubular drainage 13 of the sections 9 is stopped, then the shield valve 16 is opened and this section is thus brought to normal operation. After the flushing of the first unit 3 is completed, water is pumped through the second unit 3 by opening the valves 30. The pump 31 enters the tubular drains 13 of the sections 9 of the second unit 3 through the pressure pipes through the valves 30, and with the closed shutters 19 the water passes through perforated partitions 7, as well as through their upper edge, enters section 8 and further through the open drainage window 20 and the overflow window 22 enters the vertical settling tank 4, in which there is a separation of sediment and suspensions from water. The clarified water flows from this sedimentation tank into the second biological unit prior to purification and clarification of wastewater in the manner described.

0 After the completion of the flushing of the second unit 3, the valves 30 are closed, the pump 31 is disconnected from the operation, the valve gates 19 are opened, the drainage window 20 is closed by the panel valve 21. In this way, the first stage of biological wastewater treatment is reversed. The water supply of the second stage of the biological wastewater treatment unit is carried out in the same way as

Q in the first biological treatment unit. As the sediment accumulates in the bunkers 6, the pump 34 is put into operation, the valves 33 and the valve 35 are opened, and through the perforated pipes 26 by the pump 34 along

 the pipeline discharges sediment to sludge beds. The discharge of sediment from the settling bins b 4 can be removed alternately from the first and then second settling 4 by opening only one valve 33,

0 slit pipeline with perforated pipe 26 cleaned sump 4.

After removing the sediment from the bunkers 6, the pump 34 is shut off and the valves 33 and 35 are closed. To remove the plant biomass and plant the new plants in the gravel-soil loading 11, the perforated trays 10 can be removed from sections 8 and after the prophylaxis

Q former place.

The proposed canal is simple in design, maintained in operation, provides a process for the complete purification of sewage from pollution, biogenic substances, toxic compounds and at the same time serves as a drainage network for sewage into the natural reservoir.

Claims (1)

1. USSR Author's Certificate in Application 2787682, cl. C 02 C 1/02, 25.6.79.