KR20000072363A - the nature purify method for a damp area to be made artificially and that equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a wastewater treatment method using artificial swamp and equipment therefor. The method is characterized in that artificial swamp is installed in a reservoir of wastewater, and air is provided to the artificial swamp for promotion of purification. Also, a filter bed is installed in the artificial swamp, and aquatic plant is raised in the artificial swamp to remove contaminant. CONSTITUTION: A blower through a discharge pipe(44b) injects air to the lower part of a filter bed(42). The filter layer(42) contains a pebble bed(42a) and a sand bed(42b). Aquatic plant is raised at the upper part of the sand bed(42b). When suspended solid of wastewater is much, wastewater is flowed into a sedimentation basin manhole(25) by opening of a water gate(23). And, when suspended solid of wastewater is not much, wastewater is flowed to the filter bed(42)

Description

The nature purify method for a damp area to be made artificially and that equipment}

The present invention relates to a method and a device for promoting natural purification using artificial wetland, which is provided with a storage facility to purify wastewater by a natural purification method, to form a wetland and to supply air to the wetland to promote natural purification, and particularly Form a wetland filter layer and sedimentation area inside the facility, supply air to the wetland filter layer, fill sand, gravel, etc., and then introduce wastewater into the wetland filter layer to create artificial wetlands, grow and harvest aquatic plants in artificial wetlands, It removes nutrients such as phosphorus, and after a certain period of time, the waste water is filtered through the filter layer, decomposed by microorganisms, introduced into the sedimentation basin, and circulated from the sedimentation basin to the wetland to be purified again and again.

At present, many efforts have been made in Korea to improve the quality of contaminated supply waters, and some of the contaminants have been treated through intensive investment.

However, this is mainly the organic material to be removed, and the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus which cause eutrophication in the stagnant water are not removed, but there are still a large number of untreated areas, especially the non-point pollutants generated in the large area are hardly treated.

As a result, there are cases where the water quality is improved locally, but this is only part of the situation, and many rivers are still polluted, indicating deterioration of living environment, destruction of ecosystem, and impairment of water use.

In order to solve such water pollution, collection of point pollutants and nonpoint pollutants, expansion of treatment facilities and installation of advanced treatment facilities and proper operation and management of these facilities must be accompanied, but this requires expensive and professional operation management. Skill is needed.

In particular, non-point pollutants have various locations, types, shapes, and scales, and they are difficult to collect because they occur intensively during rainfall.In addition, the cause of pollution discharge is unclear or small businesses, poor people, etc. Dissemination of treatment facilities is difficult.

In this situation, methods of treating pollutants using wetlands are emerging.

Wetlands are widely used in sewage treatments in rural areas mainly in developed countries because of their simple structure, large buffering capacity, low excess sludge production, low maintenance requirements and low maintenance costs.

The wetland is immersed in shallow water for a certain period of time, where the water is saturated, located at the point where the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems meet, where various vegetation develops, phytoplankton, attached algae, micro-animals, insects, etc. It is a space with high productivity because it maintains more biomass.

High productivity means that the growth rate of the organism is fast and that the pollutants in the water have moved into the organism by the increased biomass.

Wetlands are composed of reeds, ropes, buds and other wetland plants and wetland plants, and microorganisms that perform the most important functions for water purification, such as gravel soil, which is a medium for microbial attachment, and decomposition of pollutants.

Water purification in wetlands is achieved by combining these elements that make up wetlands, but water purification is largely divided into sedimentation and adsorption and absorption by organisms.

Contaminant removal by sedimentation and adsorption is the most important purifying mechanism in wetlands, where particulate matter sinks to the bottom or adheres to the surface of plants, and these substances are not directly absorbed by living organisms, It is used after the decomposition process.

Nutrients are absorbed directly by plants growing in wetlands and organic matter is decomposed and purified by microorganisms in soil and water.

In addition, the stem and root of the plant is used as the attachment medium of the microorganisms, and the transfer of oxygen through the ventilation tissue of the plant root promotes the decomposition activity of the microorganisms, leading to nitrification and denitrification.

Thus, the improvement of water quality by aquatic plants is achieved by physical, biological and chemical reactions through mutual symbiosis between plants and microorganisms in soil medium.

However, the capacity of water purification by wetlands differs according to climate, wetland type, wetland biomass, inflow water quality, water depth, residence time, wetland operation period and maintenance status. Poor water quality can lead to worse treated water quality than influent water.

The use of wetlands for wastewater treatment began to be applied in Europe in the early 1970s to remove nutrients and suspended solids such as nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic sewage.

These artificial wetlands are mainly in the form of quadrangles, and sand and gravel are laid on the bottom about 30 to 60 cm and water plants are grown while maintaining the depth of about 10 to 30 cm on the top.

There are two types of wetlands: the surface flow method of wastewater flowing into the wetland surface, the underground flow method that flows horizontally through the wetland layer, and the vertical flow method that flows vertically.

Since the surface flow method is close to natural wetland and has a small purification effect, many underground flow methods are adopted nowadays and a combination of two or more thereof is used.

However, the above wetland method has the following problems.

First, because of the low water purification efficiency per unit area, very large wetlands are needed.

Second, in order to achieve the purpose of treatment as terminal treatment facilities, it should be mixed with facilities such as flow control basin and pretreatment facilities.

Third, due to the large area required, proper maintenance is difficult

Fourth, treatment efficiency decreases during long-term use and nitrification is inhibited due to lack of dissolved oxygen in wetlands, which leads to a decrease in nitrogen removal rate and an increase in phosphorus elution.

Fifth, odors occur when overload, pests such as mosquitoes occur

Sixth, in winter, treatment efficiency decreases significantly.

On the other hand, a natural draft-aspirated aquatic aggregate bed sewage treatment plant (Utility Model Registration No. 20-190098), which is registered as a utility model in Korea, is planted in an aggregate layer, a wetland treatment method commonly used in Germany, to treat rural sewage It is expected that the treatment efficiency will be somewhat improved by supplying oxygen as a method of installing a pipe in the aggregate layer to naturally supply air and to facilitate drainage.

However, this method is the same as the existing artificial wetland, which requires a lot of required site. As the natural ventilation method, the oxygen supply amount is small, so the treatment efficiency is not improved and the inlet of the air inlet is exposed. There is a need for a lot of tea, the winter in the cold air inflow of the microorganisms in the aggregate layer is stopped due to the problem that the treatment efficiency is rather low.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention, by combining the existing natural purification method using wetlands by engineering methods such as biological filtration, aeration, circulation, and contaminated by natural purification method by using the site three-dimensionally and intensively to have a multifunctional Its purpose is to clean up contaminants economically by saving required sites in processing materials and enabling high efficiency and stable treatment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a storage facility for wastewater, forms a wetland filter layer and a sedimentation zone in the storage facility, fills the media such as gravel and sand in the wetland filter layer, and supplies the wastewater while supplying air. The purpose is achieved by cultivating and harvesting aquatic plants, circulating wastewater from the sedimentation basin to the wetland filter bed and dredging the sedimentation at the sedimentation basin.

1 is a plan view showing the overall configuration of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the portion "A-A" in FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure before completing the artificial wetland of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view of the portion "B-B" in FIG.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure before completing the artificial wetland of FIG.

6 is a view showing another embodiment of the present invention where the river channel is lower than the wetland region.

Floor plan with installed purification treatment facility

* Description of the symbols used in the main parts of the drawings *

11: channel 21: stormwater

22: flow distribution tank inlet pipe 23: inlet pipe sluice

24: flow distribution tank 25: settling manhole

26: Settling Line Connector 27: Wetland Inlet Line

28: wetland inlet manhole 31: embankment

31a: slope portion 32: bottom portion

33: retaining wall 33a: overflow air

34: lower wall 35: stairs

40: reservoir 41a.41b.41c: wetland area

42: filter layer 42a: gravel layer

42b: Sand 43: Aquatic plants

44: machine room 44a: blower

44b: air supply pipe 45: wetland divider

45a: Pond 47: Submersible pump

48: pump discharge pipe 49: circulating water pipe

50: valve 51: discharge water pipe

120: river channel 210a: inflow pumping station

240: flow distribution tank 400: sedimentation basin manhole

470: submersible pump 520: overflow type discharge water pipe

530: discharge line 530a: water gate

550: wetland

This configuration of the present invention, the rainwater toil chamber 21 in which the inlet pipe sluice 23 connected to the flow distribution tank inlet pipe 22 at a predetermined position of the existing water channel 11 is formed at a predetermined position on one side wall;

A flow distribution tank 24 through which wastewater flows along the flow distribution tank inlet pipe in the rainwater chamber 21;

A sedimentation basin manhole (25) connected to the settling basin pipe (26) from the flow rate distribution tank (24);

The purified water flowing into the sedimentation basin manhole 25 is flowed into the water channel 11 by using the submersible pump 47, while the water which is unpurified by the submersible pump 47 flows again. Reentrant into the distribution tank 24 takes the wetland inlet pipe 27 and flows into the wetland inlet pipe manhole 28 separately installed on both sides, and the introduced water is divided into the sectors flowing through the wetland inlet pipe 27. Consisting of wetland areas 41a, 41b, 41c.

Since pests such as mosquitoes may occur at a predetermined location of the wetland area, a pond 45a is installed so that loach, frog, etc., which eat mosquito larvae can be inhabited, while a machine room ( 44 is provided and air is blown by using a blower 44a installed in the machine room 44 through an air discharge pipe 44b piped at predetermined intervals into the lower portion of the filter layer 42 in the wetland areas 41a, 41b and 41c. It is a structure which made it pull in.

In addition, the wetland areas (41a) (41b) (41c) is formed by filling a large gravel, small gravel, royal sand, sand to form a filter layer 42 and planting aquatic plants on top of the filter layer.

Such a configuration of the present invention is applied to the non-contaminant-containing water due to the initial rainfall, the sewage of farming and fishing villages, the discharged water of environmental basic facilities, the heavy water for the reuse of living sewage, contaminated river water and pond water.

In addition, the facility of the present invention is composed of sewage, wastewater inlet facility, storage facility, treatment facility and discharge facility, the inflow facility and discharge facility is a natural flow type or pump depending on the height difference between the location of the target body and the installation place of the treatment facility. You can do that.

Referring to the effect of the present invention in detail as follows.

The present invention installs rainwater sediment (21) in a suitable place of the existing drainage channel 11 in consideration of local conditions to collect and store the initial rainfall.

Water gate 23 is installed in the inlet pipe of rainwater soil in preparation for maintenance and emergency.

If rainfall continues and stormwater runoff increases, the uncollected flow rate is overflowed from stormwater silos and discharged into existing drainage channels.

Water introduced into the rainwater chamber is introduced into the flow distribution tank 24 along the pipeline.

At this time, the flow distribution tank is installed in the pipeline connected to the sedimentation basin connected to the number of wetlands, and the sedimentation connection pipeline is provided with a water gate (23).

5) When there is a lot of suspended solids in the wastewater, the water gate 23 is opened to enter the central sedimentary manhole area, and when there is little suspended matter, the flood gate 23 is closed to raise the water level in the flow distribution tank to enter the wetland filter layer 42 formed in the storage facility. Let's do it.

The storage facility 40 is a four-sided shape with a sloped slope 31a and a bottomed facility, which excavates flat ground or constructs a levee, and in order to save a site, the slope is vertically constructed by retaining walls, walls, and the like. The capacity can be increased.

If the height of the storage facility is the same height as the embankment (31) of the existing waterway, there is no fear of flooding during flooding, but if it is low, flooding is concerned, so the floodgate 23 of the stormwater silos 21 should be closed during flooding.

The slopes and floors of the storage system 40 should be less permeable and, if necessary, a water system should be provided.

In the center of the reservoir floor, the sedimentation basin manhole (25) is made of concrete retaining wall (33) in the form of a square.

The sedimentation basin manhole formed by the retaining wall is used as a sedimentation zone, and the rear of the retaining wall is used as the wetland filter layer 42.

An air supply pipe 44b is first placed below the slope filter layer 42 behind the retaining wall, and a blower 44a installed in the machine room 44 is operated by supplying an air hole or attaching an outlet in the middle to supply air to the wetland.

The filter layer 42 is composed of a gravel layer 42a such as large pebbles and small pebbles from the bottom and a sand layer 42b made of royal sand and sand.

The sand layer 42b is about 30 to 60 cm and the depth of water is secured about 10 to 30 cm at the top.

This filter layer has a structure similar to that of a quick sand filter paper in a water treatment plant, and a concept similar to that of a sprinkling stream for wastewater treatment.

The filter material is made of natural materials such as sand and gravel geolites or artificial materials such as artificial gravel and plastic media.

The height of the retaining wall is set to be lower than the maximum storage level in consideration of the depth of the reservoir, making the overflowware 33a for the depth control on the retaining wall and installing the fall prevention obstacles and stairs 35.

In the lower part of the retaining wall, a plurality of passages 34 for lower outflow of the wetland water passage and the inflow and outflow of fish and shellfish are made in a range without structural problems.

Wetlands grow aquatic plants (43a), such as perennial reeds, buds and irises, which have high fertility and ability to remove pollutants.

Since these plants have different growth depths and are interfered with when mixed plants, wetland areas (41a) (41b) (41c) are divided into several blocks by installing partition plates (45) in the sand layer with wood or synthetic resin plates. Adjust the depth by installing ware so that the depth is different and grow and harvest aquatic plants by block.

Reeds can be reproduced through seeds and through underground tunnels, but it is necessary to transplant them in other regions early in the wetland formation and to breed them quickly.

In order to increase the efficiency of water treatment in artificial wetlands, the growing aquatic plants should be removed from the water bodies, and it is better to cut off the upper part during the maximum growth period.

If the wetland is used for a long time, sediment accumulates in the topsoil layer, which slows down the filtration rate. In this case, dredge the sediment and clean or replace the topsoil layer.

In addition, because the mosquitoes can cause pests such as mosquitoes, install a pond (pond) (45a) that can live in the loach, frogs, etc. that eat the mosquito larvae.

Contaminants entering the wetland are absorbed by plants while staying for a certain time, and are penetrated into the lower filter layer while being purified through sedimentation, adsorption, and decomposition.

As it passes through the filter bed, suspended solids are filtered out and decomposed by microorganisms.

The rate of filtration in the wetland depends on the size of the filter bed and the depth of filling and the rate of filtration is slowed down by the sedimentation and blockage of suspended particles.

It also depends on the water level at the top of the wetland, and if the wetland is saturated, the filtration rate will vary depending on the head difference with the sedimentation basin.

When the wetland becomes aerobic with air supply, the aerobic bacteria proliferate to improve the efficiency of removing organic substances and promote nitrification to increase the efficiency of nitrogen removal and prevent the elution of phosphorus deposited on the soil.

In addition, during the winter, the temperature of the inside of the filter layer is increased by the hot air supplied from the blower, so that the activity of the microorganisms is continued to maintain the treatment efficiency continuously.

Water passing through the filter bed enters the central sedimentation area through the hole at the bottom of the retaining wall.

If this water has been sufficiently purified and reached the target water quality, it is discharged to the outside.

The discharge of the treated water and the circulation to the wetland are carried out through a circulating water pipe 49 or a discharge water pipe 51 in which a valve 50 is installed after the submersible pump is installed and pumped toward the flow distribution tank through a pipeline.

The effective storage capacity of this facility is the sum of the storage capacity of the settling basin and the void storage capacity of the filter bed.

When filling the filter layer with sand or gravel, the porosity is about 20 to 40%.

On the other hand, sedimentation basin due to the sedimentation of suspended solids form sedimentary soil, sometimes sediment should be dredged.

Dredging is carried out after draining the water in the storage facility. Drainage is carried out with a circulation pump or in areas where natural emulsification is possible, separate natural drainage lines and water gates are installed and drained.

In order to further increase the treatment efficiency, aeration facilities may be installed in the sedimentation basin or microbial contact media may be used to alternately settle and oxidize the sedimentation zone.

On the other hand, Figure 6 is another embodiment of the present invention showing the configuration when the storage area is installed higher than the river channel, the inlet pumping station (210a) on one side of the river channel 120, the water pump 470 To flow into the flow distribution tank 240 and then to the wetland area to purify the water by the filter layer of the wetland area and then introduced into the sedimentation manhole 400 to be purified and then flows into the stream by the overflow effluent pipe 520 Drained.

On the other hand, the waste water that has not been purified is an iterative method that is introduced into the flow distribution tank with the submersible pump installed in the sedimentation manhole, and then sent to the filter layer of the wetland area to be purified and then drained to the stream.

In order to empty the water in the sedimentation zone, the discharge pipe 530 and the water gate 530a are freely flowed into the river.

The present invention as described above is not limited to the preferred embodiments of the above-described characteristics, and various changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims.

As described above, the present invention, firstly, the treatment effect is large, the organic matter, nutrients, etc. are removed together with the complex treatment function, second, the three-dimensional, intensive use of the water space is less required, third, It is applicable to both high and low concentrations of contaminated wastewater. Fourth, it has a storage function to cope with fluctuations in flow rate. Fifth, the treatment efficiency is maintained even in winter. Sixth, natural drainage storage facilities have low head loss, and seventh. Easily maintain and maintain aquatic plants, such as cultivation and harvesting. Eighth, it can be utilized as a final terminal treatment facility, resulting in low construction and maintenance costs, and ninth, effective agricultural products can be harvested and treated water can be recycled. There is.

Claims (2)

An excellent soil chamber 21 in which an inflow pipe sluice 23 connected to a flow distribution tank inflow pipe 22 at a predetermined position of the existing water channel 11 is formed at a predetermined position on one side wall; A flow distribution tank 24 through which wastewater flows along the flow distribution tank inlet pipe in the rainwater chamber 21; A sedimentation basin manhole (25) connected to the settling basin pipe (26) from the flow rate distribution tank (24); The purified water introduced into the sedimentation basin manhole 25 is discharged to the water channel 11 by using the submersible pump 47 while the unpurified water is pumped out by the water pumped by the submersible pump 47. Take the water pipe (48) back to the flow distribution tank (24) and then the wetland inflow pipe (27) is introduced into the wetland inlet pipe manhole 28 separately installed on both sides and the water introduced is the wetland inflow pipe ( Wetland areas (41a) (41b) (41c) divided into angular sectors flowing through the stream (27); Mosquitoes such as mosquitoes may occur in the wetland at a predetermined position in the wetland area, so that moths and moths that eat larvae, frogs, etc. may be installed (pond) 45a; A machine room (44) installed at an outer region of the wetland region and having a blower (44a) installed to blow air into the air discharge pipe (44b) piped at a predetermined interval into the lower filter layer of the wetland region using a blower; The wetland area (41a) (41b) (41c) is a natural purification promoting device using artificial wetlands, characterized in that aquatic plants are planted in the filter layer (42) formed by filling large gravel, small gravel, royal sand, sand Wastewater water flows into the stormwater chamber 21 installed at a predetermined position of the existing water channel, and the introduced water flows into the flow distribution tank 24 along the inflow pipe, and enters the sedimentation basin manhole 25 to be precipitated and pumped up into an underwater pump. Flow into the wetland inlet pipe flows into the filter layer 42, which is stacked with sand, gravel, and aquatic plants, and is purified. The pump discharges the pump discharge water pipe into the water channel, and the unpurified water is pumped into the water pump and sent back to the flow distribution tank 24 to the wetland inlet pipe to the wetland area. Purified by the water is pumped back to the water pump to be discharged to the water channel, but the air supply pipe (44b) piped inside the filter layer (42) The method of promoting natural purification using an artificial wetland to purify the waste water by repeating the above method of supplying air to the blower in the machine room 44 to activate microorganisms to decompose waste water and dredging sediment.