SU865145A1 - Method of protecting soils from water erosion in gardens positioned on slopes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of anti-erosion protection of soils in gardens located on slopes.

A known method of combating soil erosion in gardens on the slopes, including sowing row-spacings with perennial grasses, their periodic mowing and cutting across the slope of open annually renewable furrows, the bottom of which is insulated with plant residues. [ι].

However, this method has a low quality erosion protection in rocky soils.

There is also a method of protecting soils from water erosion in gardens located on the slopes, including cutting across the slope of trenches with jumpers, applying mineral and organic fertilizers to them based on long-term needs of trees £ 2].

However, this method requires large material costs, in addition to the 2nd, the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers after the first year is very much reduced.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of anti-erosion protection in stony soils and reduce material costs.

The goal is achieved by the fact that vertical holes are drilled between tree trunks, holes are cut in their upper part, which are grooved along the upper edge, and dug soil is poured onto the lower edges of the holes, while the ratio of the hole depth to its diameter is chosen to be twice as large as the depth ratio pits and grooves.

In order to ensure normal supply of the root system with nutrients, vertical holes are filled with them annually, the latter being made along the border of the projection of tree crowns.

In FIG. 1 shows an example implementation of the method; in FIG. 2 - section

AA in FIG. 1.

In the rows of trees 1, located across the slope 2 with a slope tt, between the trunks 3 closer to the border of the root system, vertical holes 4 are drilled with a depth of H equal to 0.8-1, O m and diameter F equal to 0.2-0.3 m , depending on the age of the garden. To feed fruit trees, vertical fertilizer holes 4 are layered with fertilizers 5 and drainage material 6, consisting of a mixture of straw, peat and manure in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1. Next, cut in the upper parts of the holes 4 pits 7 deep H | equal to 0.2 0.25 m, a width of B. equal to 0.7-1.0 m and a length determined by the interbarrel distances of trees, taking into account the protective zone. The resulting pits along the upper edge are interconnected by grooves 8 with a depth of H ₂ . Dug up earth is poured onto the lower edges of the fossa 7, forming a water-holding roller 9,

The correct selection of the sizes of the vertical hole, pits and grooves, as well as their ratio with the use of draining material, will provide each tree with a nominal amount of moisture, preventing water breakthrough, freezing of the walls of the holes during severe winter frosts and evaporation of moisture on hot summer days.

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After a year of operation, mineral fertilizers in liquid form are added to holes 4, and after 3-4 years, vertical holes in the pits are updated along the boundary of the projection of the crown of trees.

Sown grass at the bottom of the pits and near the tree trunk periodically roll out, leaving them in place, and for the winter leave them at least 0.4-0.5 m high. The entire area of the garden is kept in a sack state.

The proposed method, compared with the known one, allows you to use the entire area of the row-spacing for annual and perennial grasses, mow them in the hay. In addition, with uneven accumulation of snow, the grooves provide redistribution of water between the trees in equal portions, and in emergency cases, excess water is removed outside the garden, while vertical holes will facilitate the rapid absorption of moisture into the soil, dissolution and movement of mineral fertilizers to the roots of the trees. Due to strong winds, a living wall of grass in each row of trees will prevent the movement of snow masses, which favors an even distribution of moisture in the spring, thereby improving the quality of erosion protection.

The proposed method reduces material costs not only from the manufacture of anti-erosion structures (the process of digging shallow pits and vertical holes is less time-consuming than digging deep trenches with the extraction of stones) but also from the effective use of mineral fertilizers.

Claims (2)

(54) METHOD OF PROTECTING SOIL AGAINST WATER EROSION IN GARDENS LOCATED ON THE SLOPES The invention relates to agriculture, namely to methods of erosion protection of the soil in the gardens located on the slopes. There is a known method of combating soil erosion in gardens on slopes, including sodding between perennials, their periodic mowing and cutting across the slope are open annually renewable furrows, the bottom of which is insulated with plant residues O 1 However, this method has a low quality of erosion protection in stony soil. . There is also a known method of protecting soils from water erosion in gardens located on slopes, including cutting across the slope of trenches with bridges, adding mineral and organic fertilizers to them based on the long-term needs of trees 2 J. However, this method requires considerable material costs, in addition to this fertilizer after the first year falls very much. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of erosion protection in stony soils and reduce material costs. The goal is achieved by the fact that vertical holes are drilled between tree trunks, cut into their upper parts, which along the upper edge are connected by grooves, and the excavated soil is poured onto the lower edges of the tank, and the ratio of the depth of the hole to its diameter is twice as large ratio of depth of mock and grooves. In order to provide the root system with normal nutrients, the vertical holes are filled with them annually, the latter being made along the border of the tree tops. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the method; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1. In rows of trees 1 located across slope 2 with a slope сС- between trunks 3 closer to the border of the root system, vertical holes 4 with a depth H equal to 0.8-1 are drilled; About with a diameter F equal to 0.2-0, 3 m, depending on the age of the garden. For feeding fruit trees, vertical holes 4 impose fertilizer 5 in layers and drainage material 6 consisting of a mixture of straw, peat and manure in a volume ratio of 1: 1: 1. Then, in the upper parts of the openings, 4 microns 7 are cut with a depth of Hi equal to 0.2 0.25 m, a width B equal to 0.7-1.0 m, and a length determined by the interstrip distance of the trees with regard to the secure zone. The resulting micros at the upper edge are interconnected by grooves 8 with a depth Hj. The excavated earth is poured on the lower edges 7, forming a water retention roller 9. Proper selection of the sizes of the vertical opening, the well and the grooves, as well as their correlation with the use of drainage material the tree has a nominal amount of moisture preventing water breakthrough, freezing the walls of the holes during severe winter frosts and evaporation of moisture on hot days of summer. 9 - F Ia After a year of operation, mineral fertilizers in liquid form are added to holes 4, and after 3-4 years the vertical holes in the micrograss are renewed along the boundary of the tree's crown projection. The grassed grasses on the bottom of the mock and near the trunk of trees are periodically raised, leaving them in place, and in the winter they are left at least 0.4-0.5 m in height. The entire garden area is kept in a graded condition. The proposed method, in comparison with the known method, makes it possible to use the entire area between the aisles for annuals and perennial grasses, to mow them in hay. In addition, in case of uneven accumulation of snow, the grooves provide for the redistribution of water between trees in equal portions, and in case of emergency, the excess water is diverted to the garden, while vertical holes will facilitate the rapid absorption of moisture into the soil, dissolution and movement of mineral fertilizers to the ground. the root of the trees. Due to strong winds, a wall of grass in each row of trees will prevent the movement of snow masses, which favors the uniform distribution of moisture in the spring, thereby improving the quality of erosion. The proposed method reduces the material costs not only from the manufacture of anti-corrosion structures (the process of digging out shallow wells and vertical holes is less labor-intensive than digging deep trenches with the extraction of stones), but also from the effective use of mineral fertilizers. Invention 1. A method of protecting soil from water erosion in gardens located on slopes, including cutting the soil across the slope and applying mineral fertilizers, from one and another, in order to improve the quality of erosion protection of stony soils and reduce material costs, vertical holes are drilled between the tree trunks, cut into the upper part of the weave, which are connected along the upper edge with grooves, and the excavated soil is poured along the lower edge of the mox, and the ratio of the depth of the hole to its diameter chooses c is twice the ratio of the depth of the moke and the grooves. 2. The method according to claim 1, of the first and the second, since, in order to provide nutrients to the root system normally, they annually fill the vertical holes, and the latter are made according to the projection of the tree tops. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 388688, cl. A 01 B 13/16, 1973. 2. USSR author's certificate If 697070, cl. A 01 B 13/16, 1979.