SU831087A3 - Waste gasifying device - Google Patents

Abstract

A gaseous fuel is prod. from waste materials such as household and industrial refuse, old tyres, scrap plastic etc., by (a) low temperature carbonisation of the waste in the absence of air at 300 degrees - 600 degrees C and preferably 400 degrees - 500 degrees C and (b) drawing the carbonisation gases so obtained continuously through a red hot reaction bed produced from the resultant low temperature coke and a feed of pre-heated fresh air, so as to convert these gases to a high energy gaseous fuel. More especially, the coke from the carbonisation step is separated from incombustible waste before supply to the reaction bed. A gas of sufficient calorific value for running an internal combustion engine can be produced, with little or no supply of external heat, without causing atmospheric pollution, at a favourable cost.

Description

one

The invention relates to waste treatment devices and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical and other industries, as well as in public utility.

A device for waste gasification, containing coke ovens and an afterburner in the form of a shaft furnace, is known.

The disadvantage of this solution is that in order to ensure the continuity of the process, two alternately operating coke ovens are used, and the Abgar are sent to the waste incineration furnace and, together with the flue gases generated, are passed through the red-hot coke bed of the other coke oven, resulting in the resulting combustible gases having a low heat content The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a device for gasification, containing a device for beveling and connected to m shvelgazov gazifikato conduit into the reaction zone, equipped with loading means and outputting the products 2.

The drawbacks of this device are its operation at a pressure of 60-70 MPa, which requires sealing the device, the impossibility of performing fractionation and circulation of individual products between the stages of the process. In addition, it is impossible in the device to evenly conduct the process of the source material during the

0 at relatively low temperatures and when heating the first stage with a shirt, as there is a large temperature difference in the radial direction from the inside to the inside, which leads to overheating of the material in the outer part adjacent to the wall and insufficient channeling in the central part.

0

The purpose of the invention is to increase work efficiency.

Claims (2)

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the waste gasification device, which contains a beveling machine and a shwelgae gasifier connected to it, with a reaction zone, equipped with mechanisms for loading and withdrawing products, the beater is made in the form of a rotating drum with a heated jacket and a spray pipe inside it. ,, and the gasifier is made with an annular chamber around the reaction zone, and there are openings in the chamber connecting it to the reaction zone in which the air supply ducts are located. FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for the gasification of waste; in fig. 2 - a shtelevan apparatus; in fig. 3 - gasifier. The device for gasification of waste contains hoppers 1 with hermetic outlets of wastes into the beveling apparatus 2, made in the form of rotating drums, supported on rollers 3. The bevel apparatus by means of conduit 4 with cyclone 5 installed in it is connected to the gasifier 6. The gasifier is equipped with pipeline 7 for introducing air spirit and an annular chamber 8. At the bottom of the gasifier, a grill 9 is installed, under which the screw conveyor 10 is located. Air is supplied to the air duct from a blower 11. The lower part is a gasifier encased in a casing 12 having a pipe for discharging combustible gases 13 connected to a cyclone 14, the SUBSTITUTE DEVICE 2 consists of a rotating drum 15 mounted on rollers 3 using rotary rims 16. The device is provided with a cover 17 that tightly closes the inlet, and a collection of the processed material 18. The seamstress apparatus is made with a heated jacket 19, which is connected to a hot gas pipeline 21 through the locking element 20 for indirect heating of the seaming material. A central burner 22 is installed on the end stack of the rotating drum, the mixing chamber 23 of which is supplied with heated fresh air through the pipe 24 and through the pipe 25 with combustible gas from the gasifier. In the rotating drum, a spray pipe 26 is installed, through which water is sprayed on the feed mat to regulate the process of stitching of the left seam or in the steam supplied through pipe 27. In pipe 4, which diverts the gas-charge gases into the gasifier, the sensitive temperature elements 28 are installed, associated with regulating bodies for supplying flows to pipelines 21, 24, 25 and 27 in order to keep the temperature of the seam course within the optimum range of 300-6OOC, eliminating softening and melting of the solid residue of the seamstress. The seaming device is equipped with mixing and transporting devices 29. The gasifier 6 has a reaction zone 30 bounded by conical refractory walls 31, outside of which there is an annular chamber 8 connected to the pipeline 4. The annular chamber 8 (gas jacket) communicates with the reaction zone 30 through uniformly distributed holes 32 around the circumference, into which the pipelines 33 enter to supply fresh air. The output fittings of the pipelines 33 include starting burners 34 used to heat the reaction zone 30. The waste gasification device operates as follows. The feed material flows from the hoppers 1 through the exhaust channels to the beveling apparatus 2. Sewing devices are connected in parallel and can be connected to pipelines 4 or 25 in accordance with the course of the process. To heat a rotating drum during the process of ironing materials whose heat released during the channeling is insufficient to reach and maintain a temperature in the range of 300-600 ° C, with indirect heating to ensure the supply of heat also by starting the central burner 22. The combustion process in this heater must be carried out stoichiometric, and the supplied amounts of heat temperature fluctuations. For continuous operation without large fluctuations in the composition of the gas, it is advisable to provide several parallel-connected rotating drums, each of which operates periodically, and after the end of the channeling, the drum is cleaned of residues and refilled with material from the hoppers. Before the beginning of the steaming process, residual drying is carried out and the excess water released during this process can be removed; through the discharge pipe 4 shwelgaz into the atmosphere. At the end of drying, the temperature quickly begins to set limits with the start of the process. If, as a result of exothermic reactions, the seamstress occurs too violently and the obtained quantities of tail gas exceed the requirements of the consumer, then the heat supply is stopped, i.e. the central burners are turned off, and water or steam is sprayed onto the channeling material to lower the temperature. With the endothermic process of the seaming process through the central burner 22, heat can be supplied continuously. The obtained shwelgases enter the cyclone 5, in which soot and dust are separated. Purified shwelgases are further supplied through shvelgaz pipeline 4 to an annular chamber 8, from which, through openings 32, they are blown into the hot reaction zone ha. zyfator 6. The gasifier 6 is loaded with a low-ash solid carbon carrier, the ash softening point of which should exceed 1200 ° C to reliably eliminate ash melting. Combustible gases obtained from iron gas in the reaction zone 30 accumulate in the housing 12, where they give off some of the heat to the fresh air introduced which has a beneficial effect on the heat balance of the whole device for the gasification of the waste, the physical heat contained in the combustible gas can also be used to pre-dry the material or to heat up paratovs shtevevani. In order to eliminate the loss of heat energy, all apparatuses for gasification and pipelines must be insulated. The resulting combustible gases can be used in gas turbines, internal engines, and other devices. The proposed design of the device eliminates the softening of the ash in the ironing devices and hitting it, due to the possibility of ironing at ZOO-BOO C, as well as eliminating the softening of the solifters in the gasifier, if it is possible to carry out a regulated gasification process and using carbon-containing carrier with temperature / softening the ash above the temperature level of the process, as well as using it not only to gasify the waste, but also to produce gas from low-grade fuels. In addition, along with high-quality combustible gas, large amounts of semi-coke can be obtained, which can also be used. EFFECT OF THE INVENTION A device for waste gasification, containing a seaming machine and a gasifier connected to it with a gasifier gasifier equipped with loading mechanisms and leads products, characterized by the fact that, in order to increase the efficiency of the work, the seaming device is made in the form of a rotating drum with a heated jacket and a spray tube inside When it gasifier and adapted to the annular chamber surrounding the reaction zone, in which there are openings Ko1mere connecting the reaction zone with it, .in which has conduits for feeding air. . Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. England patent 44467, cl. F 23 G 5/00, published 1970. 2. The patent of France 2158443, cl. From 10 J 3/00, published. 1973 (prototype). / GP Uchi / / / / / / / 1-1I / / / at / / / / OU-KhZ O-