SU827759A1 - Method and apparatus for drilling process control - Google Patents

Description

the most closest to the technical essence and the achieved positive effect 1 Technical Problem

In this method, the automatic monitoring and control of drilling processes is based on the following operations. Before drilling, drilling tools are drilled by adjusting the zero position of the arrow of the axial load measuring unit. The position of the drilling tool is monitored and, when the bit reaches the bit, the asoltrol unit of the position of the drilling tool forms a command signal leading to the initial setting of the bit lifting tool, by means of a single analysis of the degree of wear of its armed and jamming, and supports chisel After the bit run-in, a search for the effective load on the bit is performed, for which the load on the bit is brought to a value close to the turbidity of the turbine, the prekr, the flow of the drilling tool. The change of the signal about the axial load in time, which is filtered from low-frequency noise, is analyzed, differentiated and the maximum of the function of the first derivative of the solar scale is determined. At the same time, the change in the adjusted signal of the axial load on the bit is monitored and the effective value of it is determined, which corresponds to the maximum of the function of the first pierced given signal over time. After establishing the optimal axial load on the bit, the noiHOKa repetition analyzer of the effective axial load is started, in which the section of the atrophage drilled for a certain time interval after the establishment of the effective load is measured and stored at the same time determined the ratio of these values and compare them with the installation of C - and. Follow J /

On the basis of this information, the time analyzer 1 operates when the bottomhole conditions change substantially, which is determined by changing the current mechanical speed to the initial (after setting the effective axial load) a given number of times. Upon the occurrence of this option, the analyzer of the search for the effective load repeats this to the light panel. Repeat the search, and the operation of real-time selection of the scheduling mode described above is repeated.

At the same time, the degree of wear of the weapon is analyzed, for which the cruise speed is analyzed on the basis of information on the current passage e received from the displacement sensor of the drilling tool, the ratio of the current cruise speed to the average mechanical flow velocity is formed and compared with the specified value.

When exceeding | a given | GO value, a signal is generated about the I3 | nose of the weapon until a reasonable value is associated with the achievement of the real value of the maximum trip speed, and the board is lit. The weapons are worn out. This means that the bit 1 cannot be changed, but at the same time the change in the torque on the rotor is analyzed and, if not, the condition set out above, then when the ratio of the current value of torque on the rotor exceeds the torque value under the normal condition bits Compared with the specified and exceeding the duration of an increased signal of a given size, they form a signal for turning the supports of the bit and light the board. The support is worn, which also means the need to change the bit. When the drilling tool is taken away from the bottom, they block the functionalization and execution of all the stated operations, and when they are reached again, they are automatically executed without losing P1) previous information.

The described automatic control and drilling processes and has many distinct advantages over all known ones, however, it also has a lot of objective flaws, namely, limited control only for managing turbine drilling and its unreasonable use for efficient control of drilling. In addition, operations of operative selection of the drilling mode are quite complicated and the cycle of their execution together with the flow of turbine transient braking leads to regular losses of drilling BpeiMeEH, which in turn reduces the control efficiency, Lowers the speed of drilling with a low degree of control efficiency, obstructed by limitations an increase in the number of determined effective technological parameters of the bzreni regime, namely, only the axial load per bit.

The purpose of this invention is to provide the possibility of controlling and increasing the degree of efficiency of KaiK control with turbine and with rotor drilling in order to obtain the maximum bit penetration.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the well-known Method, in which they control the well completion on each flight of the bit, then they quickly select the drilling method, perform slotting in this mode and set the Bit lifting moment, prompt search for the optimal values of the main technologist, and their parameters the bumping mode is carried out consistently in all parameters and Jewishly, during the whole chisel, for which they synthesize the aforesaid criterion of optimization, a narrimer in the form of resembling a square of fur The speed of passage to its acceleration module (which is processed with an extreme control device, and the optimality of each variable parameter is determined by the change in the state of this device. To implement the control method, a device is proposed that contains a sensor that moves the drilling tool and the sensor). torque on the POTOipe, associated correspondingly with the light boards Worn-out armament and Worn & support through the analyzers of the trip speed 1 throughput and jamming of the supports Bottles whose blocking inputs are combined with the output of the control unit for the position of the drilling tool. In addition, the device is additionally equipped with a unit for measuring the square of the penetration rate, the units for embedding the acceleration module (the insertion device, a divider and an extreme control device, and the input of the displacement sensor of the drilling tool is additionally connected to the inputs of the unit for measuring the square of the speed. the drilling process has laid down a basic pattern, which is that as the well goes deeper, the natural penetration rate decreases as a result of wear and tear. dV, dh where the dV increment (decrease) of the penetration rate, dh is the incremental penetration increment, K, is the coefficient of proportional ratio, depending on G - axial load on the bit, n - its revolutions, Q - consumption Flushing fluid and uncontrollable geological and technical conditions of the destruction process. Since the penetration rate and coefficient / C are functions of the above-mentioned variable steam in drilling mode, the task of optimal control is reduced to maximizing the ratio: max H max - G, n, Q Where I am - penetration chisel. Taking into account (1), relation (2) takes the form: check //: check G, and, Q; Y (L / The obtained optimization criterion shows that to obtain the maximum penetration per bit, it is necessary and sufficient to control the mode; many | M: and the parameters of the dolding process so as to continuously maintain the maximum of the current value of cr; optimization iterations Synthesize a continuous optimization criterion signal in accordance with the algorithm (4), for which the penetration rate isadretrate, the penetration rate module, and dividing one signal by another. the signal is maximized, for this purpose it is processed with the help of an extreme control device for non-fault-free maximum maximum optimization criteria.At the same time, the extreme control device changes its state at times when the current value of the opposition criterion has a maximum. In the proposed method, the optimization criterion and the extremal control device signal are operatively searched for the optimal values of the main technological parameters process of turbulence. To do this, perform the following sequence of technopic oneipacies, track the movement of the drilling tool, and monitor the achievement of bits at the bottom of the well. Then, the on-line IHOIHCK optimal values of the main technological parameters of drilling progress are carried out by monitoring the state of the extremal state of the control device upon varying any desired technopic parameter. By changing its state, the extreme control device signals the achievement of a particular extremum onmimic criterion for this technological parameter, the optimal value of which is stabilized. In the same way, consistently but with each technological parameter | And continuously throughout the entire crushing, one searches for optimal values of all controlled technological parameters. The establishment of optimal values of all the controlled parameters ensures the achievement of global extremum, potentially possible penetration of 1 per bit. Variation of adjustable aiapiaMerrov. Can be carried out starting with any parameter. It is most convenient (to start the ration of the optimal 31st value, and reduce the load on the chisel. A necessary sowing load is created to increase it to its minimum values until the knock does not change. 0. extremal control unit / equalizer. The resulting The value of the axial load stabilizes, after which it is possible to determine the optimum value of the bit rotation speed, for this purpose, the frequency of its rotation is changed until the condition of the extreme control device is determined. rotational speed and proceed to the next parameter optimization thus mounted opti) are maximal:. E all main process parameters adjustable drilling process, ie, the axial load on the bit, the rotational frequency of its consumption nromyvoch1noy Fluids 1 and density... After that, the axial load on the chisel is again varied and its optimum value is established. Thus, an operative search for the optimal values of the main technological parameters of the gorotsess for a period of time — its specificity is carried out consistently over all technological parameters and continuously throughout the whole slotting process. Practically, the driller does not need to monitor the conditions of the instruments; he excludes the state of the extreme control device. Simultaneously with the commencement of the operational search, the degree of bit arsenal and the operability of the bit supports are automatically analyzed to establish the moment when the bit is raised. Once this moment is established, the bit domain is performed, and then all operations are performed again. The method is implemented by the device shown in the drawing. The device contains sensors 1 and 2, respectively, the movement of the drilling tool and the torque on the rotor; blocks 3 — control of the position of the drilling tool, 4 — measurements of 1 squared-penetration rate, 5 — measurements of penetration acceleration module; analyzers: 6 - reyov oh - penetration rates, 7 - jamming of the supports of the bit; divider 5, chain AND 9, extreme control device 10, -light panel: 11 — Construction was worn out, 12 was worn on a support, 13 was Variation. The output of the sensor 1 for moving the drilling tool is connected to the inputs of the block 3 of the POSITION MONITORING of the drilling tool, unit 4 measuring the square of the penetration rate, -block 5 measuring the acceleration module of the penetration and the analyzer 6 of the normal dosing rate, made in the form of a calculating device for forming the current trip speed, current averaged mechanical speed, dividing the first by the second and continuously comparing this ratio to the setpoint value. Exit a, the analyzer 6 is connected to the light panel / 7 Worn weapons. The output of the torque sensor 2 is connected to the input of the analyzer 7 of the long legs jam made in the form of a calculating device and designed to form the ratio of the current torque value needed to rotate the drill string during the normal condition of the bit supports torsional moment during jamming of the bit supports, and comparing it with the specified value. When this ratio of a given value is rotated and the duration of the enlarged signal is increased by a setpoint of magnitude, a signal is generated for clearing the bit supports. The output of the analyzer 7 is connected to the light panel 12 The dispute is worn out. The outputs of measurement units 4 and 5 are connected by a divider 5, connected to the input of an extreme control device 10, connected together with the blocking output of the drilling instrument control unit 3 through the AND 9 circuit to the Variation light panel, and the output of the block 3 is connected to the blocking outputs analyzers 6 and 7. The device pia6oTaeT as follows. After the descent of the in-hole into the well, acceptable minimum values of the technological parameters of the drilling mode are created, while using the information on the previous flight of the bit. At the moment when the bit touches the block, the position control unit 3 will generate a command signal that automatically turns on the IB synchronous operation of the analogs 6 and 7. The same signal goes to the input of the AND 9 circuit, to the second input of which comes the signal from the output of the extreme control device 10. The presence of this the signal at the output of the device 10 always means; it begins that even at least one of all the technological parameters of the drilling mode does not meet (correspond to) the maximum of the optimization criteria generated automatically and the extremal s th control device. The presence of two signals at the inputs of the circuit "And 9 lights the scoreboard 13 Variation. Other light boards 11 V. 12 are in-dashed. After the breakdown of the axle bit supports, the load on the bit is brought to its optimum value, at which the optimization criterion reaches the particular Extremum.ma. The achievement of this extremum is fixed by the light panel 13, which is extinguished at the same time, since the output of the extreme control device 1 clears the signal (the output signal of the device / O in this 1 meter; V: n). The value of the axial value of the load 1 and the bit is stabilized. The light bar 13 lights up. Now, by varying, the original value of any desired technological condition is found: a pressure meter, a drilling mode meter (bit rotation frequency; washing fluid consumption, etc.) corresponding to a particular extremum of the optimization criterion according to this technological parameter.

After completion of the optimization of all controlled technological parameters of the drilling mode, the entire described cycle can be repeated from any technological parameter.

At the same time, synchronous removal of bit wear and condition of bit supports is carried out. At the same time, the analyzer 6 of the regular penetration rate, based on information from the displacement sensor of the drilling tool, forms the ratio of the current regular iCKOpocTH to the average for the time A / mechanical speed and compares it with a predetermined value. When this ratio is set to a given value, the analyzer 6 lights the display 11 The weapons are worn out. It recommends changing the chisel. If the state of the weapon meets the requirements, then based on the operation of the analyzer 7, a situation may be created under which the conditions of the bit support jamming are detected, which is also indicated by the light board 12 The support controlled by the output of the analyzer 7 is worn, jamming the bit supports. In this case, bit change is also necessary.

The advantages of the proposed method of automatic monitoring and control of the drilling process and the device for its implementation are obvious.

Using this method of the device will allow you to get the maximum penetration of 1 to each bit and in the process of each hammering, which in turn will increase 1commertial speed, and reduce the cost of construction of deep Boreholes. The predicted average growth of drilling per bit with optimized control in rotary drilling compared to non-optimized drilling will be 48% with a decrease in the cost of drilling by 22% and savings of bits by 30% per three wells.

In fact, technical and economic indicators will be refined on the basis of real indicators of the object.

Claims (3)

1. The method of controlling the drilling process by controlling and selecting the optimal operating parameters, which is the fact that, in order to ensure maximum penetration per bit, the ratio of the square of the mechanical penetration rate to the module of its acceleration is determined carry out the selection of regime parameters of drilling, providing maximum 5 of the indicated ratio. 2. A device for controlling the drilling process, containing a sensor for moving the Drilling Instrument}, the output of which is connected through the analyzer of the regular penetration rate to the entrance of the light panel. The armament, asteroidal torque sensor on the rotor, the output of which is connected through the bit bearing spell analyzer. To: the light panel entrance to the “Out of 5” was carried a support and a control unit for the position of the drilling tool, characterized in that, in order to provide operational control and increase the degree of control efficiency as a tour innom, 0 as well as during rotary drilling to obtain a maximal flow rate for a bit, it is equipped with a block; measuring the square of the penetration rate, the measuring block of the acceleration modulus, divider, circuit AND 5 and the light panel "Variation, while the output of the displacement sensor of the drilling tool is connected to the TO inputs of the measurement unit square of the penetration rate" of the measurement unit of the penetration acceleration module, 0 outputs of which are connected via a serially connected divider, extreme control device and circuit AND to the light panel “Variation with input of analyzer of bit supports connected 5 to the output of the AND circuit and to the output of the analyzer of the traveling speed of the irokhodka, and the output of the displacement sensor of the drilling tool is connected to the input of the control unit for the position of the drilling tool. 0 Sources of information taken into account in the examination: 1.Blokhin V.G. “Some questions of automation, control of the process of geological exploration drilling. Proceedings of the IBC, no. 7. M., OPTI TsKB, 1963. 2. Volgemut A.A. et al. “Chisel feeder for drilling oil and gas wells. Bosom. M., 1969, p. 145-152. 3. The author's certificate of the USSR. YO 248591, cl. E 21 B 45/00, 1968.