RU1796769C - Method of rock drilling control - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the invention is as follows: based on the results of drilling a previous well, the programmable controller stores in memory the strength of the drill rock and its corresponding rational values of operating parameters that are ° which corresponds to the maximum durability of the rock cutting tool at a given shift capacity of the drilling unit. In addition, in memory there are values of the products of the mechanical drilling speed and the corresponding rock strength value: D v f. At the beginning of the well drilling, the programmable controller sets the regulators signals proportional to the initial values of the operating parameters corresponding to the initial value of the rock strength, while the real value of the mechanical drilling speed is measured, by which the initial value of the D indicator is divided. initial and set operating parameters corresponding to the obtained real value of the strength of the drill. Then, a new real value of the mechanical drilling speed is measured, and the obtained real value of the rock strength is taken as its initial value. The value of DI corresponding to the obtained value of the rock strength is divided by the new real value of the mechanical drilling speed and the obtained value of the rock strength is compared with its value in the previous search step, etc. In this way, a repeated work cycle is organized. In this case, with an increase in rock strength, the operating parameters of the drilling process increase to provide a given drilling unit productivity, and with a decrease in strength, the operating parameters are somewhat reduced, which increases the durability of the rock cutting tool and saves the operating life of the drilling unit. 1 s.p.f., 2 ill. from VI VI to VI ON Yu

Description

The invention relates to the monitoring and control of processes in the mining industry and is intended to optimize the rotational-impact modes

rock drilling for blasting mining.

A known method of regulating the process of drilling blast holes, which

provides an optimum mode by changing the angular velocity of the drilling tool; the value of this value is continuously measured by counting the number of pulses arriving for a certain period of time from a proximity sensor mounted on the shaft of the rotator. Then, this frequency is compared with the set frequency and a control action is generated in the feed motor control circuit that stabilizes the angular velocity of rotation of the tool.

A disadvantage of the method is that it involves a deterministic relationship between the mechanical characteristics of the feed feed motor and the properties of the borax; when using another drive motor or when changing rocks, this connection is broken and the optimum mode of operation will not be achieved.

Improved methods are those in which the angular velocity of rotation and axial force are independent of each other parameters. Tamrock has developed a method for controlling the drilling of blastholes, which ensures a rational drilling mode by changing the amount of feed force depending on the load on the rotator of the drilling tool and the amount of water used to flush the well. During the drilling process, the angular rotation speed of the tool increases with increasing drilling speed. With a decrease in water flow, the supply force of the tool to the bottom of the well decreases and vice versa. The system responds to a change in the rotational moment of the drilling tool. As the torque increases, the feed force decreases and vice versa;

The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of load stabilization of the rotary tool of the drilling tool rotator and the lack of data on the wear of the rock cutting tool, which affects the main parameters of the drilling process.

There is also a known method for controlling the drilling process of blastholes, based on controlling the power spent on drilling, measuring the axial load and rotational speed of the drilling tool. When drilling at a certain rotation speed, the axial force is adjusted to a value at which power maxima appear, i.e. dry friction appears, and then gradually reduce the axial force until these maxima disappear and drill in this mode. To ensure optimum speed, drilling is carried out at

the boundary depth of the wetted layer, which depends on the axial force on the crown,

The disadvantage of this method is the uncertainty of setting the supply force to the maximum power consumed during drilling, which makes it difficult to optimize the operating mode.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of adjusting the load of the motor of the rotator of the drilling tool, based on the determination and stabilization of the axial force of the tool to the face. During the drilling process, the mechanical drilling speed and the power of the engine driving the oil pump are measured, from which the specific energy consumption is calculated; based on the value of the specific energy consumption, a set point for the supply force is determined. The set value of the load of the rotator motor is compared with the actual one and the axial feed force of the bottomhole changes according to the results of the comparison.

This method is adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of this method are that the calculation of specific energy consumption is made with a large error, since the axial force is controlled by throttling the oil in the hydraulic system, therefore, the energy consumption for rock destruction does not correspond to the measured (and time-integrated) power of the asynchronous electric motor that drives the oil pump .

All this leads to the fact that for this method, a change in the properties of drillstones weakly affects the specific energy consumption and to maintain the drilling rig productivity, the process must be carried out at increased parameters, leading to intensive wear of the drilling tool and high energy costs.

This method is difficult to use in uninhabited development of minerals since, at a significant rate of wear of the drilling tool, it takes a lot of time to deliver and replace it, which reduces the exchange rate of the drilling unit.

An object of the present invention is to provide a predetermined interchangeable capacity for a drilling unit with minimal tool wear.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including measuring the mechanical drilling speed and changing the axial feed force to the bottom, additionally measure the frequency and energy of the impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well and the magnitude of these parameters and mechanical

The rock strength is calculated from the drilling speeds, from which rational values of the operating parameters of the drilling process are established.

Determination of the strength of the drill rock by the mechanical drilling speed and the corresponding operating parameters (energy and frequency of impacts of the crown against the face, angular velocity of rotation of the crown and the axial feed force to the face) and the establishment of rational (for the given rock strength) values of operating parameters allows The conditions of an unmanned extraction of minerals provide the desired performance of the drilling unit, reduce wear of the drilling tool and save the working life of the drilling unit.

Since the fortress is one of the main properties of rocks that affect the performance of the drilling unit, crown resistance, vibration of structures and specific energy consumption, its determination allows the well drilling process to be conducted in rational modes, which significantly improves the technical and economic performance of the process drilling. All operations for determining the coordinates of the drilling point, for assembling and disassembling the drill string, in. the selection of drilling mode parameters should be automatic. The drilling unit is equipped with a hydroperforator driving the drill bit and a hammer to strike the bit against the bottom of the well. In the absence of a miner, all functions for controlling the drilling process are performed by a programmable controller (PC). Since the rotary percussion drilling process is very complicated, and the drilling conditions and properties of drillstones can vary widely, to ensure a given cycle of work, the drilling process should be conducted in such a way that the shift rate is 100 m (nominal resistance of the drill bit). If the drilling process is carried out at irrational values of the operating parameters (not corresponding to the properties of the drill), then the durability of the crown may decrease, which will require replacement before the end of the work cycle and a significant expenditure of time for delivery and replacement of the drilling tool. In the absence of a miner, the functions of determining the properties of drill rocks and setting rational values of the regime parameters are assigned to the PC.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the PC determines the actual strength of drill rocks and establishes rational operating parameters from the values of the mechanical drilling speed and operating parameters. their minimum possible values, ensuring the nominal durability of the drill bit (100 m) at a given interchangeable productivity of the drilling unit. The lowest possible levels of operational parameters ensure minimal wear of the drill bit and saves the working life of the drilling unit.

The authors did not find solutions having features similar to the distinguishing features of the proposed solution, on the basis of which it can be concluded that the proposed solution meets the criterion of significant differences.

In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for implementing the method; in FIG. 2-algorithm of the device.

The block diagram includes a crown-bottomhole pair of well 1, sensors of mechanical speed of drilling 2, the frequency of crown strokes against bottomhole 3, anergy of crown strokes against bottomhole 4, axial feed force to bottomhole 5, angular rotation speed of crown 6 and adjusters; the angular velocity of rotation of the crown 7, the axial feed force to the bottom 8, the energy of the impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well 9 and the frequency of impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well 10; in addition, the circuit includes a rock strength sensor 11, a drilling unit 12, and a PC 13.

.Mechanical drilling speed sensor 2 is made on the basis of a rotary discrete photoelectric switch PDF-5 (Bashkir software Elektroapparat); the frequency and energy sensors of the impacts of the crown on the bottomhole 3 and 4 are made on the basis of the ANS type vibration sensor (Geophysical Instruments Plant, t. Lviv); the axial force sensor on the face 5 as a main element contains a pressure gauge type MED (PO Teplopribor, Chelinsk); the sensor of the angular velocity of rotation of the crown 6 is made on the basis of a tachogenerator of the PPE-D1 type (PO Tochpribor, Saransk).

As regulators of the angular velocity of rotation of the crown 7, the axial feed force to the bottom 8. The energy of the impacts of the crown About the bottom of the well 9 and the frequency of the blows of the crown to the bottom of the well 10 are used hydraulic control valves with proportional electric control of the RP type (PO KHEMZ, Kharkov). The rock strength sensor 11 is organized in software in a programmable controller 13. The drilling unit 12 is made on the basis of the GBG-180/250 hydroperforator.

The method is carried out in the following sequence. After completion of the drilling process from the crown-bottomhole element 1, to the mechanical drilling speed sensor v, and to the sensors 3, 4, 5 and 6

- signals of the frequency of impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well, the energy of impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well, the axial feed force to the face and the angular velocity of rotation of the crown, respectively. On the basis of a priori information on the properties of drill rocks, the programmable controller PC 13 sends to the regulators 7, 8, 9, and 10 signals proportional to the initial values of the operating parameters: the frequency of the impact of the crown on the bottom of the well, the energy of the impact of the crown on the bottom of the well, the axial feed force to the bottom and the angular speed of rotation of the crown, and the regulators 7.8, 9 and 10 set the corresponding related values and operating parameters on the drilling unit 12. In addition, a value is stored in the PC 13 memory. equal to the product of the rock fortress Inu ROP obtained while drilling borehole preceding or incorporated in memory 13. For P (P -. fH VH). The initial values of the strength of the drill rock of the operational parameters rational for the given rock are extracted from the memory of PC 13, where they were entered according to the results of drilling the previous well or from the program, if the well is drilled under the given conditions

for the first time.: .. ....-...; .-h:. . ::

Comparing the obtained values of the mechanical drilling speed vp with the initial value of the SI, PK 13 concludes that the rock strength value corresponds to the accepted value. If the value of the mechanical drilling speed does not coincide with the initial one, which indicates the difference in rock strength 6t of the accepted initial value, then PC 13, based on new actual data, determines the real value of the strength of drill rocks and sends signals to regulators 7,8,9 and 10, proportional to rational values (for a given breed) of operating parameters: the angular velocity of rotation of the crown, axial feed force, energy and frequency of impact of the crown o

bottom hole.

The determination of the rational parameters of the drilling regime corresponding to the minimum wear of the crown for a given productivity of the drilling module for rotary hammer drilling is based on the following provisions and patterns, ...,. . . :: ..

. Based on information on drilling performance and drillability

rocks obtained during the drilling of previous wells in the memory of PK 13 the following data are entered: f - drill strength

rocks and the corresponding optimal (to minimize wear and energy consumption for drilling) parameters of the drilling mode, calculated by the expressions:

R .

17-0.2f, 6: Јf MO; 33 -1.83f, 10 f 16; 8-0.25f. f 16:

Sew, 52.1-0.1973

.1-f (45 + a) AuK9.8 + 0.036a) f;

(1)

fifteen

PU

 200-1.6a

(G + SCH)

where P is the crown feed force to the bottom of the well, kN; v

co-angle crown rotation speed, rad / s; :;. .-: - ;; ..: -. ;;. . . ,: ... ;;. Au - the energy of one stroke of the crown on the bottom of the well, J;

Pu - crown beat frequency

wells, Hz;

f - the strength of the drill rock according to the prof. M.M. Protod of Konov; а - rock abrasiveness, mg. The mechanical speed for rotary hammer drilling is determined by the expression:

35

.ZauPu d2f

(2)

where d is the diameter of the crown, mm;

V-mechanical drilling speed, m / min. The value of the indicator D, characterizing the rocks at the initial values of the operational parameters, is determined by the expression:

45

O-tnun

(3)

for each rock fortress and is stored in the memory of the programmable controller PC 13.

After the drilling process is completed, PC 13 sends signals to regulators 7.8,9 and 10 to set the initial values of operating parameters; after the drilling mode sensors 3,4,5 and 6 indicate that the actual values of the operating parameters correspond to the specified ones, the real value of the mechanical drilling speed is measured and compared with the initial value. When the properties of the drill bits change (when the actual strength of the drill bits differs from the predetermined one), the mechanical drilling speed differs from the initial value. PK 13 determines the new real value of the rock strength by the expression: 5

f D tnun

TP 77 - T, - "

Vpvp

(4)

where fp is the real strength of drill rocks at the current time;

Vp is the actual value of the mechanical drilling speed.

After determining the real strength of the drill rock fp, PK 13 sets the regulators 7, 8, 9 and 10 rational values of the operating parameters ω, P, Au, Pu in accordance with system (1). which provide the specified performance of the drilling unit with the minimum values of operating

parameters and, accordingly, the minimum wear of the drill bit and the preservation of the working life of the drilling unit. Thus, the cycle of the scheme is organized: according to the obtained value of the rock strength f, the regime parameters (P, c) are set. Ay, ny, D), the actual value of the mechanical drilling speed vp is measured, 1 the value of the index O stored in the previous cycle is divided by the actual value of the drilling speed Vp and the rock strength f is determined in this way. The rock strength determination cycle is carried out continuously; a change in operational parameters is made only when the rock strength changes.

To explain the above method, we give an example. The values of operating parameters and parameters of the drilling process: f, ny, (а, Р, v, Ay, D. а, obtained during the operation of the drilling module in this field (see table) are entered into the PC 13 memory.

Suppose that while drilling the previous well, the rock strength was 8, the machine sets the initial values of the operating parameters corresponding to this rock strength: PU 56, Au 110, Of 17.7, P - 15 and measures the actual drilling speed. If the rock strength is different from the accepted value, then the actual mechanical speed will not correspond to the value stored in the machine's memory (1, 14); suppose that the real speed is vp 0.76, then the value of D corresponding to the rock strength f - 8 is divided by the real value of the mechanical drilling speed and the real rock strength D is 9.12, vp 0.76; fp 9.12 / 0.76 12, Substituting in (2) the values of the operational parameters corresponding to the twelfth rock fortress; Pu-48, Au 160, d 45 (diameter of the crown), we obtain the value of the mechanical drilling speed of 0.948, which coincides with the data stored in the memory of PC 13. The obtained value of the mechanical speed (with parameters f 12. PU 48, Au 160) compares with its actual value and so on.

Now suppose that the drill bit turned to a softer rock and the drilling speed increased: Vp 1.6; dividing the previous value of the exponent D 11.4 (for the ford strength f - 12) by the actual value of the mechanical speed gives f 11.4: 1.6 7, i.e. the breed corresponds to the seventh fortress; and PC 13 sets the parameters of the drilling mode: PU 58, Au 98, and 18.7, P 15.2; the speed value calculated by the formula (2) gives the value: Vp 1,2. Thus, with an increase in rock strength, PPK 13 sets higher operating parameters to maintain mechanical drilling speeds (ensuring a given drilling module productivity), and when reducing rock strength, it reduces the level of operational parameters (to maintain a given drill bit strength and preservation of the working resource of the complex). The method of operation is shown in the flowchart; FIG. 2.. -. . , ;.;: .WITH;; v:,: ... - :: - ::

Thus, an additional measurement of the frequency and energy of the impacts of the crown on the bottom of the well and the determination of the mechanical strength of the drill fortress from them, which are used to establish rational values of the operating parameters of the drilling process, makes it possible to provide a given interchangeable performance of the drilling module with minimal tool wear.

Formulas of the invention

A method of regulating a rock drilling process, including measuring the mechanical drilling speed v, changing the axial feed force to the bottom, and, in addition, in order to increase the productivity of rotary percussion drilling, set the average the abrasiveness value of drillable rocks, measure the frequency and energy of impacts of the crown on the face, set the value of the parameter O for each rock strength, determine the current value of the strength of the drill rock, as the D / v ratio, from which rational values are determined and maintained and drilling process parameters.

Rational values of operating parameters of the drilling process

FIG. 1

(AND A M A L O J

±

g-1- Set initial Re

measurement of lelechanical

SKO ROS GPI

drilling ifa

Composition + reagent / TP

1

g-5- Departure

integer est BeJMzuHbtfp

TO BECOME

regime

parameters