SU810101A1

SU810101A1 - Method of cultivating intertilled crops on slopes

Info

Publication number: SU810101A1
Application number: SU792782948A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Иван Васильевич Медведев
Original assignee: Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательс-Кий Институт Защиты Почв Ot Эро-Зии
Priority date: 1979-06-18
Filing date: 1979-06-18
Publication date: 1981-03-07

Description

1one

Изобретение относитс к сельскому хоз йству , в частности к способам возделывани пропашных культур на склонах при наличии эрозионной опасности.The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating tilled crops on slopes in the presence of erosion hazard.

Известен способ возделывани культур на склонах, при котором, с целью уменьшени эрозионных процессов поперек склона, нарезают открытые, ежегодно возобновл емые водопоглощаюшие борозды, включающий задернение междур дий многолетними травами 1.A method of cultivating crops on slopes is known, in which, in order to reduce erosion processes across the slope, open, annually renewable water-absorbing grooves are cut, including sodding between the perennial grasses 1.

Однако при этом способе возделывани сельскохоз йственных культур наблюдаютс большие потери урожа вследствие сползани сельскохоз йственных машин на склонах при посевах и обработках.However, with this method of cultivating agricultural crops, there are large crop losses due to the sprawling of agricultural machines on the slopes during sowing and treatments.

Известен также способ возделывани пропашных культур на склонах полосами, по которому производ т поделку защитных полос из многолетних трав нистых культур и посев пропашных культур между защитными полосами поперек склона 2.There is also known a method of cultivating tilled crops on the slopes by strips, which is used to craft protective stripes from perennial grass crops and to plant tilled crops between protective stripes across slope 2.

При этом способе возделывани на первом году трав нистые растени еще недостаточно развиты и при выпадении ливней наблюдаетс большой смыв почвы и всходов растений.In this method of cultivation in the first year, grassy plants are not yet sufficiently developed, and when rain falls, there is a large washout of the soil and plant shoots.

Цель изобретени - защитить посевы и почву от смыва ливневыми водами.The purpose of the invention is to protect crops and soil from being washed away by stormwater.

Эта цель достигаетс тем, что поделку защитных полос осуществл ют за год до посева пропашных культур, а посев последних производ т вдоль склона с последующей поделкой прерывистых щелей в междур дь х пропашных культур при их обработках , а на защитных полосах - щелевание с дренированием поперек склона.This goal is achieved by the fact that the crafts of the protective strips are carried out a year before the sowing of tilled crops, and the sowing of the latter is carried out along the slope, followed by the making of intermittent cracks between the row of tilled crops during their processing, and on the protective strips - gaps with drainage across the slope .

Пример. За год до посева пропашных культур закладывают защитные полосы из многолетних культур сплощного сева, например , костра безостого, шириной 7,2- 14,4 м. Ширина защищаемой полосы зависит от крутизны склона. В верхней части склона ширина полосы 54-60 м и уменьшаетс с увеличением крутизны склона до 27-21 м. Весной следующего года между этими полосами вдоль склона производ т высев пропашных культур. При междур дных обработках одновременно провод т прерывистое щелевание междур дий, а на защитной полосе провод т щелевание с одновременным дренированием поперек склона .Example. A year before sowing of tilled crops, protective strips are made of perennial crops of flat sowing, for example, an awnless fire, a width of 7.2-14.4 m. The width of the protected strip depends on the steepness of the slope. In the upper part of the slope, the width of the strip is 54–60 m and decreases with an increase in the steepness of the slope to 27–21 m. In the spring of next year, these crops are sown along the slope. In the case of inter-row treatments, intermittent interstitial gaping is performed simultaneously, and in the protective strip, a slit is performed with simultaneous drainage across the slope.

Claims

During the fallout of showers, shower streams are formed, which flow into protective strips. Meeting on its way numerous obstacles from grass plants, they are sprayed, change the direction of their movement, slow down the rate of weeping. Water precipitates solid runoff in dense grass seeding and is absorbed by creams and drains. Thus, the resulting surface runoff is evenly distributed along the slope. The proposed method of cultivation of tilled crops gives a great economic effect. When sowing tilled crops along the slope with a steepness of 1-8 ° C, soil washout of 150-200 t / ha is observed. The proposed method protects crops and soil from flushing. In addition, intermittent gaps between the row crops make it possible to additionally hold 200–300 m of storm runoff and evenly distribute it over the area of the slope. Claims The method of cultivating tilled crops on slopes, including the manufacture of protective strips across the slope of perennial grasses and the sowing of tilled crops between protective stripes, characterized in that year before sowing of tilled crops, and sowing of the latter was carried out along the slope, followed by handicraft of intermittent crevices in the inter-sowing gap between crops during their processing, and on the protective strips - gaps from drains across the slope. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 388688, cl. A 01B 13/16, 1971.

2. Gryzlov Ye. V. Band agriculture. Plowing system of farming. Rostov book publishing house, 1975 (prototype).