SU802402A1

SU802402A1 - Cathode casing of aluminium electrolyzer

Info

Publication number: SU802402A1
Application number: SU792727959A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Борис Платонович Величко; Анатолий Павлович Спиридонов; Николай Андреевич Калужский
Priority date: 1979-02-26
Filing date: 1979-02-26
Publication date: 1981-02-07

Description

Изобретение относится к электролитическому получению алюминия и направлено на совершенствование конструкции катодного кожуха алюминиевого электролизера.The invention relates to the electrolytic production of aluminum and is aimed at improving the design of the cathode casing of an aluminum electrolyzer.

Известен катодный кожух алюминиево- ⁵го электролизера, включающий прямоугольный короб с горизонтальными торцовыми и продольными поясами жесткости . Конструкция этого кожуха представляет собой прямоугольной формы цельносварен— ный короб, к торцовым и боковым стенкам которого приварены по высоте горизонтальные торцовые и боковые пояса жесткости. В связи с тем, что боковые стенки по длине укреплены контрфорсами, а торцовые остаются свободными, то и пояса жесткости в торцовых стенках выполнены значительно мощнее, следовательно, в них сосредоточена основная масса ₂о кожуха.A cathode casing of an aluminum ^5th electrolyzer is known, including a rectangular box with horizontal end and longitudinal stiffening belts. The design of this casing is a rectangular-shaped all-welded box, to the end and side walls of which horizontal end and side stiffeners are welded in height. Due to the fact that the side walls are reinforced by buttresses along the length, and the end walls remain free, the stiffening belts in the end walls are made much more powerful, therefore, the bulk ₂ of the casing is concentrated in them.

Недостатками данного кожуха являют. ся тяжелые условия его работы и низкий срок службы. Пояса жесткости его сте2 нок привариваются непосредственно к коробу. Это приводит к тому, что в процессе работы кожуха, при прогревании бортовой футеровки, происходит теплопередача от короба на пояса жёсткости, причем вначале нагреваются те слои поясов, которые обращены к коробу и соединены с ним сваркой. При этом пояса жесткости начинают прогибаться в сторону температуры, т.е. внутрь кожуха, и воздействуют на бортовую футеровку, которая так же вынуждена деформироваться, что приводит к появлению в ней микротрещин. В процессе дальнейшей работы электролизера микротрешины футеровки под воздействием неблагоприятных условий раскрываются, постепенно размываются электролитом и способствуют прорыву металла к коробу, что приводит к появлению прогаров стенок, нарушению режима работы электролизной ванны и преждевременному ее выходу на капитальный ремонт. При прорывах металла в стенки происходит так же и повреждение поясов жесткости, что недопустимо. Кожух с поврежденными поясами жесткости в его торцовых стенках ремонту не подлежит и выбраковывается.The disadvantages of this casing are. harsh working conditions and low service life. The stiffening belts of its walls are welded directly to the duct. This leads to the fact that during the operation of the casing, when the side lining is heated, heat transfer from the duct to the stiffening belts occurs, and at first those layers of the belts that face the duct and are connected with it by heating are heated. In this case, the stiffness belts begin to bend towards the temperature, i.e. inside the casing, and affect the side lining, which is also forced to deform, which leads to the appearance of microcracks in it. In the course of further operation of the electrolyzer, the microcracks of the lining under the influence of adverse conditions open, gradually erode by the electrolyte and contribute to the breakthrough of the metal to the duct, which leads to burnouts of the walls, violation of the operation mode of the electrolysis bath and its premature exit to overhaul. When breakthroughs of metal into the walls, damage to the stiffening belts also occurs, which is unacceptable. The casing with damaged stiffening belts in its end walls cannot be repaired and rejected.

Целью изобретения является улучшение условий работы кожуха и увеличение срока его службы.The aim of the invention is to improve the working conditions of the casing and increase its service life.

Поставленная цепь достигается тем, что между торцовыми поясами жесткости и коробом установлены дистанционные прокладки. Дополнительно дистанционные прокладки могут быть установлены также между продольными поясами жесткости и коробом.The delivered circuit is achieved by the fact that distance gaskets are installed between the end stiffness belts and the duct. Additionally, distance gaskets can also be installed between longitudinal stiffeners and ducts.

На фиг. 1 - изображен вид кожуха в плане с дистанционными прокладками на торцовых стенках; на фиг. 2 - вид кожуха в плане с дистанционными прокладками на продольных стенках.In FIG. 1 - shows a view of the casing in plan with spacers on the end walls; in FIG. 2 is a plan view of a casing with spacers on the longitudinal walls.

Предлагаемая конструкция катодного кожуха состоит из короба 1, торцовых поясов жесткости 2 с дистанционными прокладками 3, продольных поясов жесткости 4 с дистанционными прокладками 5. По продольным сторонам кожуха установлены контрфорсы 6.The proposed design of the cathode casing consists of a box 1, end stiffening belts 2 with distance gaskets 3, longitudinal stiffness belts 4 with distance gaskets 5. On the longitudinal sides of the casing there are buttresses 6.

В процессе работы катодного устройств ва иод воздействием распирающих нагрузок от пропитки подины стенки короба 1 поджимаются к поясам жесткости 2 и 4 через дистанционные прокладки 3 и 5 и, таким образом, осуществляется точечный*', контакт стенок короба 1 с его поясами жесткости 2 и 4. Это позволяет до минимума снизить теплопередачу от стенок короба на пояса жесткости и, следовательно, уменьшить их деформации.In the process of operation of the cathode devices, the vaodine, by the action of bursting impregnations from the impregnation of the bottom hearth, the walls of the duct 1 are pressed to the stiffening belts 2 and 4 through the distance gaskets 3 and 5 and, thus, the point * 'contact of the walls of the duct 1 with its stiffness belts 2 and 4 This allows to minimize heat transfer from the walls of the box to the stiffening belts and, therefore, to reduce their deformation.

При прогарах стенок наличие дистанционных прокладок 3 и 5 позволяет металлу стекать в зазоры между стенками короба 1 и поясами жесткости 2 и 4, не ₅ разрушая последние. Стенки короба легко снимаются и заменяются новыми, так как не имеют сплошного сварного соединения с поясами, а лишь 'прихватываются сваркой по верху и по низу к дистанционным ,0 прокладкам.In the presence of burnout wall spacers 3 and 5 allows the metal to flow into the gaps between the walls of the box 1 and stiffness zones 2 and 4, ₅ are not destroying the latter. The walls of the box can be easily removed and replaced with new ones, since they do not have a continuous welded connection with belts, but only are seized by welding on the top and bottom to the distance, 0 gaskets.

Внедрение предлагаемой конструкции кожуха катодного позволяет уменьшить деформации поясов жесткости и увеличить срок его службы примерно на 15%. Кро₁₅ ме того, конструкция позволяет производить замену стенок короба при прогарах с сохранением поясов жесткости кожуха, особенно поясов жесткости торцовой стенки,The introduction of the proposed design of the cathode casing allows to reduce the deformation of the stiffness belts and increase its service life by about 15%. Cro ₁₅ IU, the design allows replacement duct walls when burnout retaining belts casing stiffness, particularly stiffness zones of the end wall,

Claims

The invention relates to the electrolytic production of aluminum and is aimed at improving the design of the casing of the aluminum electrolysis cell. A cathode casing of an aluminum electrolysis cell is known, including a straight angled box with horizontal face and longitudinal stiffness. The design of this casing is a rectangular, all-welded box, to the end and side walls of which the horizontal end and side walls are welded in height. Due to the fact that the side walls are reinforced along the length with the buttresses, and the butt ends remain free, then the very stiffness in the end walls is much more powerful, therefore, they contain the main mass of the casing. The disadvantages of this dry are yut-. . conditions of his work and niaky service life. According to his rigidity, his st. &Amp; nok is welded directly to the box. This leads to the fact that during the operation of the casing, when the side lining is heated, heat transfer from the duct to high hardness occurs, and at first, those layers of warp that are facing the duct are heated and connected to it by welding. At the same time, sa rigidity begins to bend toward the temperature, i.e. inside the casing, and affect the side lining, which is also forced to deform, which leads to the appearance of microcracks in it. In the course of further operation of the electrolytic cell, the lining cracks under the influence of adverse conditions open up, are gradually washed away by the electrolyte and contribute to the breakthrough of the metal to the duct, the NTO leads to the appearance of burnout of the walls, disrupting (its operation mode for the overhaul of the electrolysis bath. At the breakthrough of the metal damage to the walls is also due to the rigidity, which is unacceptable. The casing with its damage to the rigidity in its end walls cannot be repaired and is rejected. The aim of the invention is to improve the working conditions of the casing and increase its service life. The goal is achieved by installing spacers between the face stiffness in the box itself. Additionally, spacers can be installed between the stiffeners themselves and the box. (1 - shows a view of the casing in plan with spacers on the socket walls; Fig. 2 - a view of the housing in plan with spacers on the longitudinal walls. The proposed design of the cathode jacket consists of a box 1, face seam rigidity 2 with spacers 3, longitudinal stiffness 4 with spacers 5. Buttresses are installed on the longitudinal sides of the casing 6. During operation of the cathode device, The wall from the bottom wall of the box 1 is lifted to the very stiffness 2 and 4 itself through the dividing strips 3 and 5 and, thus, the point contact of the walls 1 with its own stiffness 2 and 4 is made. This minimizes the zit heat transfer from the walls to robe on the belt rigidity and reduce their sledsdaatepn deformation. When the walls are burned out, the presence of spacers 3 and 5 allows the metal to drain into the gaps between the walls of the box 1 and the stiffness itself 2 and 4, without destroying the latter. The walls of the box are easily removed and replaced with new ones, since they do not have a continuous welded joint with themselves, but only are caught by welding along the top and bottom to the remote gaskets. The implementation of the proposed cathode cover design allows one to reduce deformations due to rigidity and increase its service life by approximately 15%. In addition, the design allows the replacement of the walls of the box when it is burned out by escaping the rigidity of the casing, especially because of the rigidity of the end wall. Claim 1. Cathode casing of an aluminum electrolysis cell, including a rectangular box with horizontal face and longitudinal stiffness themselves, which is so that, in order to improve the working conditions of the housing and increase its service life, between the face itself stiffness and box installed remote gaskets.

2. The casing according to claim 1, of which is the distance between the longitudinal stiffness itself and the box. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1, USSR Author's Certificate NO 328754, cl. С 25 С 3 / О8, 197О.

SHL