SU796628A1

SU796628A1 - Box furnace

Info

Publication number: SU796628A1
Application number: SU752112086A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Валерий Иванович Панченко; Иван Тимофеевич Иванов; Эдуард Александрович Колодин; Эдуард Васильевич Горбатенко; Владимир Андреевич Лыков
Original assignee: Производственно-Техническое Предпри-Ятие "Центроэнергоцветмет"; Московский Институт Железнодорожноготранспорта; Днепровский Электродный Завод Им.50-Летия Советской Украины
Priority date: 1975-02-10
Filing date: 1975-02-10
Publication date: 1981-01-15

Description

Изобретение относится к печам с методическим нагревом, в которых обжигаемый материал не перемещается относительно пода печи, и может быть применено для обжига углеродистых, керамических и др. изделий в различных отраслях ⁵промышленности.The invention relates to methodically heated furnaces in which the material to be fired does not move relative to the furnace hearth, and can be used for firing carbon, ceramic, and other products in various industries ⁵ .

Известны многокамерные кольцевые печи закрытого и открытого типов, содержащие 20 - 30 и более отдельных обжиговых камер, соединенных между собой системой каналов, сборный дымоход, топливосжигающие и тягодутьевые устройст^ваИ· 15Known multichamber annular furnace open and closed type, containing 20 - 30 or more individual firing chambers interconnected by a channel system, the collecting chimney and fuel-Forced draft ustroyst ^Ba and · 15

Каждая обжиговая камера разделена вертикальными перегородками с обогревающими каналами на одинаковые кассеты, размеры и количество которых определяются величиной обжигаемых изделий. В разделительных стенках между камерами размещены каналы, соединяющиеся с обогреваемыми каналами смежных обжиговых камер с дымоходом печи.Each firing chamber is divided by vertical partitions with heating channels into identical cassettes, the dimensions and quantity of which are determined by the size of the fired products. In the dividing walls between the chambers there are channels connected to the heated channels of adjacent firing chambers with the chimney of the furnace.

Каждая обжиговая камера оснащена несколькими топливосжигаютцими устройствами, обжигаемые изделия устанавливаются вертикально в защитной засыпке, предохраняющей их от сгорания и деформации.Each firing chamber is equipped with several fuel-burning devices, the fired products are installed vertically in a protective backfill, which protects them from combustion and deformation.

Известные печи работают по кольцевому замкнутому циклу с подвижной зоной горения. Горячие продукты горения, полученные в результате сжигания топлива под сводом камеры, проходят через вертикальные каналы в кладке стенок кассет, попадают в подсводовые каналы, а затем через межкамерные каналы направляются в подсводовое пространство следующей камеры. Охлажденные продукты горения направляются в сборный дымоход. В каждой из камер кольцевой печи изделия проходят весь цикл термообработки.Known furnaces operate in an annular closed cycle with a movable combustion zone. Hot combustion products obtained as a result of burning fuel under the roof of the chamber pass through vertical channels in the masonry of the walls of the cassettes, enter the sub-water channels, and then go through the interchamber channels to the sub-water space of the next chamber. Cooled combustion products are sent to a collection chimney. In each of the chambers of the annular furnace, the products undergo the entire heat treatment cycle.

К недостаткам таких печей относится то, что обжигаемые изделия в них имеют разную температуру, большую со стороны входа дымовых газов в обогревающие каналы обжиговой камеры печи и меньшую со стороны выхода, а также то, что в них невозможно организовать гибкое индивидуальное регулирование теплового режима в каждой камере вследствие последовательного прохождения греющих газов 5 из предшествующих смежных камер в последующие.The disadvantages of such furnaces include the fact that the products to be fired in them have different temperatures, greater from the side of the flue gas inlet to the heating channels of the kiln firing chamber and lower from the exit side, as well as the fact that it is impossible to organize flexible individual regulation of the thermal regime in each chamber due to the sequential passage of heating gases 5 from the previous adjacent chambers to the next.

Следствием указанных недостатков является значительная разница в качестве обожженных углеродных изделий и значи- 10 тельный выход брака.The consequence of these drawbacks is a significant difference in the quality of the calcined carbon products and a significant yield of rejects.

Цепь изобретения - повышение качества изделий путем уменьшения разности температур в объеме камеры.The chain of the invention is to improve the quality of products by reducing the temperature difference in the chamber volume.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, 15 что в камерной печи, содержащей обжиговые камеры, сборный дымоход, топливосжигающие и тягодутъевые устройства, каждая камера снабжена двумя камерами сгорания и шиберами для реверсирования по- 20 тока дымовых газов и подключена параллельно с другими камерами к сборному дымоходу.This goal is achieved by the fact that in a chamber furnace containing burning chambers, a prefabricated chimney, fuel burning and draft devices, each chamber is equipped with two combustion chambers and gates to reverse the flow of flue gases and is connected in parallel with other chambers to the collecting chimney.

На фиг.1 изображена печь, общий вид, на фиг. 2 - камера печи, продольный разрез25 Камерная печь содержит несколько обжиговых камер 1, подключенных к сборному дымоходу 2, регулирующие шибера Зи 4, устройства 5 утилизации тепла про-« дуктов горения, тягодутьевые устройства зр 6 и топливосжигающие устройства 7. Каждая обжиговая камера 1 содержит камеры 8 и 9 сгорания топлива, устройства 10 подачи топлива, устройства 11 подачи воздуха, кассеты 12 с обжигаемыми изделиями, обогревающие вертикальные ка—' налы 13, съемный свод 14.In Fig.1 shows a furnace, a General view, in Fig. 2 — furnace chamber, longitudinal section 25 The chamber furnace contains several kiln chambers 1 connected to a collection chimney 2, regulating valves Zi 4, devices 5 for heat recovery from combustion products, blow-off devices sp 6 and fuel-burning devices 7. Each kiln 1 combustion chambers 8 and 9, fuel supply devices 10, air supply devices 11, cartridges 12 with fired products, heating vertical channels 13, removable vault 14.

Пбчь работает следующим образом.Pbch works as follows.

Загрузку обжигаемых изделий в кассеты 12 осуществляют краном при снятом своде 14. Обжигаемые изделия устанавливают в защитной засыпке, предохраняющей их от сгорания и деформации. По окончании загрузки обжиговую камеру герметично закрывают сводом 14. Топливо сжига- _4Jют в одной или одновременно в двух камерах 8 и 9 сгорания. Продукты горения поступают в сборный дымоход 2. Разрежение в обжиговых камерах регулируют шиберами 3 и 4. Если шибер 3 закрывают, а шибер 4 открывают, то продукты сгорания топлива из камеры сгорания 8 проходят над кассетами 12, опускаются по вертикальпым обогревающим каналам 13 вThe load of the fired products in the cassettes 12 is carried out by a crane with the vault 14 removed. The fired products are installed in a protective backfill, which protects them from burning and deformation. At the end of the load, the firing chamber is hermetically sealed with a vault 14. The fuel is burned _4J in one or simultaneously in two combustion chambers 8 and 9. The combustion products enter the collection chimney 2. The pressure in the burning chambers is regulated by the sliders 3 and 4. If the slide 3 is closed and the slide 4 is opened, then the combustion products from the combustion chamber 8 pass over the cassettes 12, are lowered along the vertical heating channels 13 in

4.4.

пространство под кассетами, перемешивают ся с продуктами горения, выходящими из камеры 9 сгорания в случае одновременной работы двух камер сгорания, и выходят в дымоход 2. В случае отключения камеры 9 сгорания перемешивания дымовых газе® под подом не происходит. В этом случае происходит интенсивное нагревание изделий, расположенных в верхней половине' кассет и менее интенсивное - в нижней.the space under the cassettes is mixed with the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber 9 in the case of simultaneous operation of two combustion chambers and exit into the chimney 2. If the combustion chamber 9 is switched off, mixing of the flue gas under the hearth does not occur. In this case, the products located in the upper half of the cassettes are intensely heated and less intense in the lower half.

По окончании периода нагрева при нисходящем потоке дымовых газов производят перемену направления движения (реверсирование) греющего потока путем переключения шиберов, шибер 3 открывают, шибер 4 закрывают. Благодаря такому изменению направления движения потока производят интенсивное нагревание изделий, расположенных как в нижней половине кассет, так и в верхней.At the end of the heating period with a downward flow of flue gases, the direction of movement (reversing) of the heating flow is changed by switching the gates, the gate 3 is opened, the gate 4 is closed. Due to such a change in the direction of flow, intensive heating of products located both in the lower half of the cassettes and in the upper is carried out.

Повышение температуры газов за обогревающими каналами путем смешивания с дымовыми газами, выходящими из второй камеры сгорания_; способствует более интенсивному обогреву и выравниванию температур в объеме кассеты и дожиганию смолистых веществ и летучих горючих в период их выделения.The temperature increase of the gases behind the heating channels by mixing with flue gases leaving the second combustion chamber _; contributes to more intense heating and temperature equalization in the volume of the cartridge and afterburning of resinous substances and volatile fuels during their release.

Улучшение условий теплообмена во всем объеме обжиговой камеры повышает качество обожженной продукции, уменьшает выход брака.Improving the heat transfer conditions in the entire volume of the calcining chamber increases the quality of the calcined products, reduces the yield of marriage.

Claims

The invention relates to furnaces with methodical heating, in which the calcined material does not move relative to the furnace bottom, and can be used for burning carbonaceous, ceramic, and other products in various industries. Multichamber annular furnaces of the closed and open types are known, containing 2–30 or more separate firing chambers interconnected by a system of canals, a collection chimney, fuel-burning devices, and one-piece devices l. Each firing chamber is divided by vertical partitions with heating channels into identical cassettes, the size and number of which are determined by the size of the products to be baked. In the dividing walls between the chambers there are channels connected to the heated channels of the adjacent firing chambers with the furnace chimney. Each firing chamber is equipped with several fuel-burning devices, and the products to be fired are installed vertically in a protective backfill that protects them from burning and deformation. Known furnaces operate in an annular closed loop with a moving combustion zone. The hot combustion products obtained as a result of fuel combustion under the camera shafts, pass through vertical channels in the masonry of the cassette walls, enter the subsurface channels, and then go through the interfacial channels to the substation space of the next chamber. The cooled products of combustion are directed to the collecting chimney. In each of the chambers of the ring furnace of the product, the entire heat treatment cycle takes place. The disadvantages of such furnaces include the fact that the products being fired in the mix have a different temperature, which is greater on the inlet side of the FUME gases to the heating conals of the kiln in the kiln and msn11 -k) 79 on the outlet side, and also that it is impossible to use an opraHnaoBaTt flexible individual regulation of the thermal regime in each chamber due to the successive passage of heating gases from the preceding adjacent chambers to the next. The consequence of these drawbacks is a significant difference in the quality of the fired carbon products and a significant scrap yield. The purpose of the invention is to increase quality products by reducing the temperature difference in the chamber volume. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a chamber furnace containing kiln chambers, a collection chimney, fuel-burning devices, and gas turbines, the chamber is equipped with two combustion chambers and gate valves for reversing the flow of flue gases and is connected in parallel with other chambers to the collection chimney. FIG. 1 shows a furnace, a general view, on 1P, 2 - a furnace chamber, a longitudinal section. The chamber furnace contains several firing chambers 1, connected to a collecting chimney 2, regulating Ziber 4 gates, devices 5 for recycling heating products 6, exhaust devices 6 and fuel-burning devices 7. Each firing chamber 1 contains fuel chambers 8 and 9, fuel supply devices 10, air supply devices 11, cassettes 12 with burning products, heating vertical channels 13, detachable vault 14. The furnace works as follows. Loading of baked products into cassettes 12 is carried out by a crane while removing the roof 14. The products to be burned are installed in a protective bed to protect them from burning and deformation. At the end of the load, the calcining chamber is sealed but closed with a vault 14. The fuel is burned in one or simultaneously in two chambers: with 8 and 9 burnings. The combustion products enter the collecting chimney 2. The dilution in the kiln chambers regulate the width of 3epaivm 3 and 4. If the gate 3 is closed and the gate 4 is opened, the products of combustion of fuel from the combustion chamber 8 pass over the cassettes 12, go down along the barrel heating channels 13 c). pOfjrpaHCTBO (cassette tapes, inpyut mixes with food products; n, exit 9 of the fire from the chambers in the case of simultaneous operation of the two combustion chambers, and exit into the chimney 2. In the case of the shutdown of the combustion chamber, there is no mixing of flue gas under the hearth. intensive heating of the elements located in the upper cassette of the cassettes and less intense in the lower one occurs. At the end of the heating period, with a downward flow of flue gases, the direction of movement (reversal) of the heating stream is changed by switching the gate In other words, the gate 3 is opened, the gate 4 is closed. Due to this change in the direction of flow, intensive heating is carried out on the products located both in the lower half of the cassettes and in the upper. The temperature of the gases behind the heating channels is increased by mixing with the flue gases coming out of the second combustion chamber; contributes to more intensive heating and equalization of temperatures in the volume of the cartridge and the afterburning of resinous substances and volatile combustible during the period of their release. Improving heat exchange conditions in the entire volume of the firing chamber improves the quality of baked products, reduces the yield of rejects. Claim 1. A chamber furnace containing kiln chambers, smoke and smoke, fuel and other devices, characterized in that, in order to improve product quality by reducing the temperature difference in the chamber volume, each chamber is equipped with two combustion chambers and gate valves for reversing the flow of smoke gases.

2. Furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that each chamber is connected in parallel with others to a collecting chimney. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Chalykh E.F. Technologists and equipment of electrode and electric-angle enterprises. M., Metallurgists, 19 72, p. 352.