SU794523A1

SU794523A1 - Linear velocity meter

Info

Publication number: SU794523A1
Application number: SU782623922A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Алексеевич Ярмак; Марк Григорьевич Кристаль
Original assignee: Волгоградский Политехническийинститут
Priority date: 1978-06-02
Filing date: 1978-06-02
Publication date: 1981-01-07

Description

Изобретение относится к области автоматизации контрольных операций и может быть использовано в общем машиностроении для измерения неравномерности скоростей перемещения тел. 5The invention relates to the field of automation of control operations and can be used in general engineering for measuring the unevenness of the speed of movement of bodies. 5

Известны устройства для измерения неравномерности скоростей перемещения тел, . состоящие из датчика скорости временного типа, формирователя сигнала, преобразователя временного интервала в величину, ю пропорциональную скорости, например, путем подключения параллельно соединенных проводимостей [1].Known devices for measuring the uneven velocity of movement of bodies,. consisting of a speed sensor of a temporary type, a signal conditioner, a converter of a time interval into a value proportional to speed, for example, by connecting parallel-connected conductivities [1].

Недостатком данных устройств является низкая надежность, обусловленная боль- 15 шим количеством релейных элементов, подключающих необходимые группы проводимостей. Причем, чем выше необходимая точность измерения, тем ниже надежность устройства. 20The disadvantage of these devices is low reliability due to the large number of relay elements connecting the necessary conductivity groups. Moreover, the higher the required measurement accuracy, the lower the reliability of the device. twenty

Наиболее близким техническим решением является устройство для измерения неравномерности скоростей перемещения тел, содержащее импульсный датчик скорости, обратно пропорциональный преобразова- 25 тель, включающий генератор, реализующий функцию экспоненты, одновибратор и запоминающее устройство [2].The closest technical solution is a device for measuring the non-uniformity of the velocities of bodies, containing a pulsed speed sensor, an inversely proportional transducer 25, including a generator that implements the function of the exponent, a one-shot and a storage device [2].

В известном устройстве наиболее сложным и наименее надежным является гене- зо ратор экспоненты. Точность воспроизведения гиперболической зависимости невелика и составляет 5—10%. Этим обусловлена низкая надежность и невысокая точность всего измерительного устройства в целом.In the known device, the most complex and least reliable is the exhibitor generator. The accuracy of reproducing the hyperbolic dependence is small and amounts to 5-10%. This results in low reliability and low accuracy of the entire measuring device as a whole.

Целью изобретения является повышение точности измерения.The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurement.

Для достижения поставленной цели в устройство введены триггеры разряда конденсатора генератора и элемент задержки, при этом первый выход импульсного датчика соединен с первым входом триггера заряда, инверсный выход которого соединен с первым входом генератора и через одновибратор — с первым входом триггера разряда, прямой выход которого подключен к второму входу генератора, выход которого соединен с первым входом запоминающего устройства, а второй выход датчика скорости соединен со вторым входом триггера разряда и вторым входом запоминающего устройства, а также через элементы задержки — со вторым входом триггера заряда.To achieve this goal, the generator’s capacitor discharge triggers and a delay element are introduced into the device, while the first output of the pulse sensor is connected to the first input of the charge trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to the first input of the generator and through the one-shot vibrator to the first input of the discharge trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the second input of the generator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the storage device, and the second output of the speed sensor is connected to the second input of the discharge trigger and the second input inayuschego device as well as through delay elements - to a second input of the charge trigger.

На чертеже изображена блок-схема устройства для измерения неравномерности скоростей перемещения тел.The drawing shows a block diagram of a device for measuring the uneven velocity of movement of bodies.

Устройство для измерения неравномерности скоростей перемещения тел состоит из импульсного датчика скорости временного измерения скоростей. Второй импульс датчика перебрасывает триггер 8 в исходное состояние и разрывает цепь разряда, одновременно он поступает на элемент задерж5 ки 10, который через установленное время индикации результатов измерения возвращает устройство в исходное состояние.A device for measuring the non-uniformity of the velocities of the movement of bodies consists of a pulsed speed sensor temporarily measuring speeds. The second pulse of the sensor resets trigger 8 to its initial state and breaks the discharge circuit; at the same time, it arrives at delay element 10, which, after a specified time for indicating the measurement results, returns the device to its original state.

Запоминающее устройство 2 в процессе измерения следит за величиной генерируеЮ мого сигнала и по окончании цикла измерения запоминает на время индикации его остаточное значение, которое пропорционально величине измененной скорости.The memory device 2 during the measurement process monitors the value of the generated signal and, at the end of the measurement cycle, remembers its residual value, which is proportional to the value of the changed speed, for the duration of the display.

Примерами конкретного выполнения ге15 нератора убывающей экспоненты могут служить: электрическая емкость, предварительно заряженная до определенного потенциала и разряжаемая через параллельно подсоединенный резистор, а также пнев20 матическая емкость, предварительно наполненная до определенного избыточного давления и соединяемая с атмосферой через дроссель.Examples of a specific implementation of a generator of a decreasing exponent are: an electric capacitance precharged to a certain potential and discharged through a parallel connected resistor, as well as a pneumatic capacitance prefilled to a certain excess pressure and connected to the atmosphere through a throttle.

Уровень потенциала или избыточного 25 давления и постоянная времени экспоненты выбирается из условия допустимой погрешности измерения и диапазона измеряемых скоростей.The level of potential or overpressure 25 and the time constant of the exponent are selected from the conditions of permissible measurement error and the range of measured velocities.

Claims

spike 1, for example, a photodisc with evenly spaced circumferences of the memory 2, which serves to indicate measurement results, and an inversely proportional transducer 3. Transducer 3 turns on a diminishing exponential generator 4 that implements a function that coincides with the theoretical hyperbola with the required accuracy D in a given speed range Umin-g-max and having the main parameters by formulas (max-miv) me max + max 2tK „„ „- K, where L is the distance traveled by the body in the time between two adjacent bubbled signals from the sensor. The first input of the exponent generator through the start key 5, which is used to control the generator charge circuit, is connected to the inverse output of the charge trigger 6 and, through the one-shot 7, to the first input of the discharge trigger 8. The second input of the generator 4 is connected via the stop key 9, tearing the discharge circuit and stopping the generator, to the forward output of the trigger 8. The output of the generator of the decreasing exponent is connected to the storage device 2. In addition, the first output of the sensor is connected to the first input of the trigger 8, and its second output, through the element buckle 10 necessary for setting the time display, and returning the circuit to its initial state, - a second input of the flip-flop 6 operates as follows obraUstroystvo Zoom. In the initial state, the key 5 is open and the generator 4 through the charging circuit is prepared for operation. The first pulse from sensor 1 goes to trigger 6, which controls the charging circuit of generator 4 and key 5 breaks this circuit. The transfer of the trigger 6 leads to the formation in the one-shot 7 short-term pulse, throwing the trigger 8, which, in turn, the key 9 switches the generator into operation. The generator begins to generate a signal varying in time in a decreasing exponential relationship, which coincides with the required accuracy; p with the theoretical hyperbole in the specified velocity measurement range. The second impulse of the sensor throws the trigger 8 into the initial state and breaks the discharge circuit, simultaneously it arrives at the delay element 10, which returns the device to the initial state after a set time display of measurement results. In the process of measurement, the storage device 2 monitors the magnitude of the generated signal and, at the end of the measurement cycle, remembers for the time of indication its residual value, which is proportional to the magnitude of the changed speed. Examples of the specific performance of a diminishing exponent generator include: electrical capacitance, pre-charged to a certain potential and discharged through a parallel connected resistor, and pneumatic capacitance, pre-filled to a certain overpressure and connected to the atmosphere through a choke. The potential or overpressure level and the time constant of the exponents are chosen from the condition of permissible measurement error and the range of measured speeds. A linear speed meter comprising a pulse speed sensor, an inversely proportional converter including a generator realizing the function of exponents, a one-shot and a memory device, characterized in that, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, a charge trigger is inserted into it, the discharge trigger of the generator capacitor and the delay element, while the first output of the pulse sensor is connected to the first input of the charge trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to the first input of the generator and through a single The selector is with the first input of the triggering trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the second input of the generator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the storage device, and the second output of the speed sensor is connected to the second input of the triggering trigger and the second input of the storage device, as well as through the element delays - with a second charge trigger input. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate number 168948, l. G 01 R 15/00, 1956.

2. The author's certificate number 575570, l. G 01 R 15/00, 1977 (prototype).