SU766041A2

SU766041A2 - Square pulse shaper

Info

Publication number: SU766041A2
Application number: SU782624627A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Арон Исаакович Трест
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я В-8791
Priority date: 1978-05-26
Filing date: 1978-05-26
Publication date: 1980-09-23

Description

Изобретение относится к устройствам телефонной связи и может использоваться в измерителях параметров номеронабирателей телефонов автоматических телефонных станций.The invention relates to telephone communication devices and can be used in meters of telephone dialers of automatic telephone exchanges.

По авт. св. № 657674 известен ⁵ формирователь прямоугольных импульсов, содержащий резисторный делитель напряжения, ячейку памяти, состоящую из конденсатора и диода, ключевой кас- кад на транзисторе и дополнительный тоанзистоо .By author St. No. 657674, ⁵ rectangular pulse shapers are known, comprising a resistor voltage divider, a memory cell consisting of a capacitor and a diode, a key cascade on a transistor and an additional toanisto.

Однако известный формирователь прямоугольных импульсов имеет низкую точность формирования импульсов, обус- . ловленнуф систематической погрешностью измерения вносимой в результат·.However, the known driver of rectangular pulses has a low accuracy of pulse formation, obus-. luvlennuf systematic measurement error introduced in the result ·.

Наличие систематической погрешности измерения вызвано тем, что длительности фронта и среза импульсов тока в абонентской линии неодинаковы (длительность среза значительно превышает длительность фронта импульсов).The presence of a systematic measurement error is caused by the fact that the duration of the front and cutoff of the current pulses in the subscriber line are not the same (the cutoff duration significantly exceeds the duration of the pulse front).

Целью изобретения является повышение точности формирования прямоугольных импульсов.The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the formation of rectangular pulses.

Для этого в формирователь прямоугольных импульсов, содержащий резисторный делитель, ячейку памяти, состоящую из конденсатора и диода, ключевой каскад на транзисторе и дополнительный транзистор, введены последовательно соединенные амплитудный ограничитель, одновибратор, дифференцирующая цепь, первый элемент И и триггер, а также амплитудный селектор, элемент задержки, второй и третий элемент И и элемент ИЛИ, причем вход амплитудного селектора соединен со средней точкой резисторного делителя, выход амплитудного селектора соединен со вторым входом первого элемента И, вход элемента задержки соединен со входом одновибратора и первым входом второго элемента И, второй вход которого соединен с [первым выходом триггера, второй вход которого соединен с выходом одновибра3 766041 тора, причем выход элемента задержки ⁴соединен с первым входом третьего элемента И, второй вход которого соединен со вторым выходом триггера, а выходы второго и третьего элемента И соединены соответственно с первым и вторым входами элемента ИЛИ, при этом вход амплитудного ограничителя соединен с выходом ключевого каскада на транзисторе.For this, a rectangular pulse shaper containing a resistor divider, a memory cell consisting of a capacitor and a diode, a key stage on the transistor and an additional transistor are connected in series with an amplitude limiter, a single-shot, a differentiating circuit, a first I element and a trigger, as well as an amplitude selector, delay element, second and third AND element, and OR element, wherein the input of the amplitude selector is connected to the midpoint of the resistor divider, the output of the amplitude selector is connected to the second With the input of the first element And, the input of the delay element is connected to the input of the one-shot and the first input of the second element And, the second input of which is connected to the [first output of the trigger, the second input of which is connected to the output of the one-shot3 766041 torus, and the output of the delay element ^{4 is} connected to the first input of the third element And, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the trigger, and the outputs of the second and third element And are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the OR element, while the input of the amplitude limiter is connected to the output of the chevogo cascade transistor.

На фиг. 1 представлена структурная электрическая схема формирователя прямоугольных импульсов; на фиг. 2 и ... ’3 - временные диаграммы, поясняющие 'его работу.In FIG. 1 is a structural electrical diagram of a rectangular pulse shaper; in FIG. 2 and ... ’3 are timing charts explaining his work.

Формирователь прямоугольных импульсов содержит ячейку памяти, состоящую из конденсатора 1 и диода 2, резисторный делитель, состоящий из резисторов 3 и 4, ключевой каскад на транзисторе 5, дополнительный транзистор 6, резисторы 7, 11, обеспечивающие режим работы транзисторов по постоянному току, амплитудный ограничитель 12, одновибратор 13, дифференцирующую цепь 14, амплитудный селектор 15, первый элемент И 16, триггер 17, второй элемент' И 18, третий элемент И 19, элемент задержки 20 и элемент ИЛИ 21.The square-wave pulse generator contains a memory cell consisting of a capacitor 1 and a diode 2, a resistor divider consisting of resistors 3 and 4, a key cascade on a transistor 5, an additional transistor 6, resistors 7, 11, which provide a direct current transistor operating mode, an amplitude limiter 12, a single vibrator 13, a differentiating circuit 14, an amplitude selector 15, a first AND element 16, a trigger 17, a second element AND 18, a third AND element 19, a delay element 20, and an OR element 21.

На вход формирователя подают импульсы, сформированные контактами номеронабирателя и искаженные в результате воздействия, например, искрогасящей RC-цепи..Pulse generated by the dialer contacts and distorted as a result of exposure to, for example, a spark-extinguishing RC circuit are fed to the input of the shaper.

Формирователь прямоугольных импульсов работает следующим образом.Shaper rectangular pulses works as follows.

При размыкании контактов номеронабирателя ток в резисторном делителе напряжения уменьшается до нуля (на фиг. 2,а изображена форма тока в абонентской линии при наборе цифры 2, соответствующая малой длительности фронтов и срезов и, соответственно, . незначительной величине систематической составляющей погрешности; на фиг. 3 форма тока в абонентской линии, соответствующая большой длительности фронтов и срезов и, соответственно, большой величине систематической составляющей погрешности).When the dialer contacts open, the current in the resistor voltage divider decreases to zero (in Fig. 2, and the current form in the subscriber line is shown when dialing 2, which corresponds to a short duration of edges and slices and, accordingly, an insignificant amount of the systematic error component; in Fig. 3 form of current in the subscriber line, corresponding to a large duration of the edges and slices and, accordingly, a large value of the systematic component of the error).

Все последующие временные диаграммы отдельных блоков на фиг. 2 и фиг. 3 приведены для соответствующих форм тока (фиг.2,а и фиг. 3,а) в абонентской линии.All subsequent timing diagrams of the individual blocks in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are shown for the corresponding current forms (FIG. 2, a and FIG. 3, a) in the subscriber line.

Так как эмиттер транзистора 5. соединен с эмиттером транзистора 6 и резистором 10, импульсы на выходе транзистора 5 не имеют полных перепадов напряжения в состоянии транзистора b включено' и 'выключено (фиг. 2,6 и 3,6).Since the emitter of transistor 5. is connected to the emitter of transistor 6 and resistor 10, the pulses at the output of transistor 5 do not have complete voltage drops in the state of transistor b turned on and off (Fig. 2,6 and 3,6).

•Для управления последующей частью ⁵ схемы, содержащей логические элементы, требующие для управления нормированные значения логического уровня О и 1, установлен амплитудный ограни10 житель 12, форма выходного напряжения которого изображена на фиг.2,в и 3,в.• To control the subsequent part ^{5 of the} circuit containing logic elements that require normalized values of the logic level O and 1 for control, the amplitude limiter 10 is installed 12, the shape of the output voltage of which is shown in Figs. 2, c and 3, c.

Передним фронтом выходного импульса амплитудного ограничителя 12 запускается одновибратор 13(фиг. 2,г и 15 ^3,Г)’The leading edge of the output pulse of the amplitude limiter 12 starts a single-shot 13 (Fig. 2, g and 15 ^{3, G} ) '

Срезом выходного импульса одновибратора 13 дифференцирующая цепь 14 формирует короткий импульс (фиг. 2,д и 3,д).By cutting the output pulse of the single-shot 13, the differentiating circuit 14 forms a short pulse (Fig. 2, d and 3, d).

₂₀ На выходе амплитудного селектора 15 в зависимости от длительности срезов образуются импульсы, не совпадающие во времени с импульсом на выходе дифференцирующей цепи 14(фиг. 2,е) ₂₀ At the output of the amplitude selector 15, depending on the duration of the slices, pulses are formed that do not coincide in time with the pulse at the output of the differentiating circuit 14 (Fig. 2, e)

2₅ или совпадающие во времени с импульсом на выходе дифференцирующей цепи (фиг. 3,е).2 ₅ or coinciding in time with the pulse at the output of the differentiating circuit (Fig. 3, e).

В первом случае, когда величина вносимой систематической погрешности ₃₀ мала и компенсация не требуется, трит- гер 17 фронтом импульса одновибратора 13 устанавливается в состояние (фиг.2,ж), обеспечивающее передачу выходных сигналов амплитудного огра25 ничителя 12 чррез второй элемент И 18 и элемент ИЛИ 21 на выход устройства (фиг. 2,з).In the first case, when the magnitude of the introduced systematic error ₃₀ is small and compensation is not required, the tritter 17 is set to the state by the pulse front of the one-shot 13 (Fig. 2, g), which provides the output signals of the amplitude limiter 12 through the second element And 18 and the element OR 21 to the output of the device (Fig. 2, h).

В данном случае из-за малой длительности срезов и фронтов импульсов тока в абонентской линии погрешность преобразования незначительна и изменение длительности импульсов не требуется.In this case, due to the short duration of the slices and edges of the current pulses in the subscriber line, the conversion error is insignificant and a change in the pulse duration is not required.

В случае большой длительности среза импульса тока а абонентской линии вносимая погрешность велика и компенсация погрешности необходима. В этом случае триггер 17 обеспечивает последовательную во времени работу второго и третьего элементов И 18 и 19; на время запуска одновибратора 13 второй элемент И 18 пропускает сигнал с выхода амплитудного ограничителя 12 (фиг. 3,и), а после формирования дифференцирующей цепью 14 выходного импульса третий элемент , И 19 пропускает сигнал с выхода элемента задержки 20 (фиг. 3,к). Пос тоянную времени элемента задержки 20“ . выбирают равной разности длительности фронтов и срезов импульсов тока по фиг. 3,6 в точках срабатывания транзистора 5, т. е. равной величине вно- ₅симой систематической погрешности.In the case of a long cutoff of the current pulse in the subscriber line, the introduced error is large and error compensation is necessary. In this case, the trigger 17 provides a sequential time operation of the second and third elements And 18 and 19; at the time of starting the one-shot 13, the second element And 18 passes the signal from the output of the amplitude limiter 12 (Fig. 3, and), and after the differentiating circuit 14 generates an output pulse, the third element, And 19 passes the signal from the output of the delay element 20 (Fig. 3, ) The time constant of the delay element is 20 “. chosen equal to the difference in the duration of the edges and slices of the current pulses of FIG. 3.6 at the pickup points of the transistor 5, that is, equal to the value of the introduced systematic error ₅ .

Элемент ИЛИ 21 суммирует выходные сигналы второго и третьего элементов И 18 и 19 и транслирует их на выход формирователя (фиг.З.л). юThe OR element 21 summarizes the output signals of the second and third elements And 18 and 19 and translates them to the output of the shaper (Fig.Z.l). Yu

Благодоря вносимой компенсации пог-;· решность формирования импульсов набора в прямоугольные импульсы значительно уменьшается.Thanks to the introduced compensation, the decidability of the formation of set pulses into rectangular pulses is significantly reduced.

Таким образом, в предлагаемом формирователе прямоугольных импульсов повышена точность формирования импульсов.Thus, in the proposed shaper of rectangular pulses the accuracy of the formation of pulses is increased.

Claims

The invention relates to telephone communication devices and can be used in measuring parameters of telephone dialers of automatic telephone exchanges. By bus. St. No. 657674 is known for a square pulse shaper comprising a resistor voltage divider, a memory cell consisting of a capacitor and a diode, a key stage on the transistor, and an additional current source i. However, the known square pulse shaper has a low pulse shaping accuracy, due to the internal systematic measurement error introduced into the result: m. The presence of a systematic measurement error is caused by the fact that the duration ({of the current pulse and the cutoff current pulses in the subscriber line are different) (the cutoff length is much longer than the duration of the pulse front). The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the formation of rectangular pulses. For this, the square pulse shaper, contents a resistor divider, a memory cell consisting of a capacitor and a diode, a key stage on the transistor, and an additional transistor, are in series connected amplitudes a single limiter, a one-shot, a differentiating circuit, the first element AND and a trigger, as well as an amplitude selector, a delay element, a second and third element AND and an OR element, the input of the amplitude selector is connected to the midpoint of the resistor divider, the output of the amplitude selector is connected to the second input of the first element And, the input of the delay element is connected to the input of the one-shot and the first input of the second element And, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the trigger, the second input of which is connected to the output of the one-vibration, torus, n What is the output of the delay element connected to the first input of the third element AND, the second input of which is connected to the second trigger frequency, and the outputs of the second and third element AND are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the OR element, while the input of the amplitude limiter is connected to the output of the key stage at the transistor . FIG. Figure 1 shows a structural electrical circuit of a square pulse former; in fig. 2 and 3 are time diagrams for his work. A rectangular pulse shaper contains a memory cell consisting of a capacitor 1 and a diode 2, a resistor divider consisting of resistors 3 and 4, a key stage on transistor 5, an additional transistor 6, and resistors 7, 11 providing the transistor operation mode . direct current amplitude limiter 12, one-shot 13, differentiating circuit 1 amplitude selector 15, first element E 16, trigger 17, tamper element E 18, third element E 19, delay element 2O and element OR 21. An impulse is fed to the input of the rammer , formed by the contacts of the dialer and distorted as a result of the action, for example, of a sparkling RC circuit. The rectangular impulse former is operated as follows. When the contacts of the dial are opened, the current in the resistor voltage divider decreases to zero (in Fig. 2, and the current form in the user line is shown when dialing 2, corresponding to the short duration of the fronts and sections, and, accordingly, an insignificant systematic component errors; in Fig. 3, the current form in the subscriber line, corresponding to a large duration of the fronts and cuts and, accordingly, a large value of the systematic component of the error. All subsequent timing charts of the individual blocks in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are assigned to the corresponding current forms (FIG. 2, a and FIG. 3, a) in the subscriber line. Since the emitter of transistor 5. is connected to the emitter of transistor 6 and resistor 1O, the pulses at the output of transistor 5 do not have full voltage drops in the state of transistor b on and off (Figs. 2.6 and 3.6). To control the subsequent part of the circuit containing logic elements that require the normalized values of the logic level O and for control, an amplitude limiter 12 is set, the shape of the output voltage of which is shown in Fig. 2, in and 3, in. The front edge of the output pulse of the amplitude limiter 12 starts the one-shot 13 (Fig. 2, g and 3, g). The output pulse of the one-shot 13 separator circuit 14 forms a short pulse (Fig. 2, d and 3, d). At the output of the amplitude selector 15, depending on the duration of the cuts, pulses are formed that do not coincide in time with the pulse at the output of the differentiating circuit 14 (Fig. 2, e) or coincide in time with the pulse at the output of the differentiating circuit (Fig. 3, e). In the first case, when the magnitude of the introduced systematic error is small and compensation is not required, the trigger 17 by the pulse front of the one-shot 13 is set to the state (FIG. 2, g) providing the output signals of the amplitude limiter 12 through the second element AND 18 and the element OR 21 to the output device (Fig. 2, C). In this case, due to the short duration of the cuts and the fronts of the current pulses in the subscriber line, the conversion error is insignificant and a change in the pulse duration is not required. In the case of a large duration of the cut-off of the current pulse in the Absolute line, the error is introduced is large and compensation for the error is necessary. In this case, the trigger 17 provides a consistent in time operation of the second and third elements And 18 and 19; for the start time of the one-shot 13, the second element I 18 transmits the signal from the amplitude output limited to 12 (Fig. 3 and), and after the output pulse is formed by the differentiating circuit 14, the third element And 19 passes the signal from the output of the delay element 20 (Fig. 3, to). The time constant of the delay element 20 is chosen equal to the difference in the duration of the fronts and sections of the current pulses of FIG. 3.6 at the switching points of the transistor 5, i.e., equal to the magnitude of the introduced systematic error. The element OR 21 summarizes the output signals of the second and third elements I18 and 19 and transmits them to the output of the imager (fig.Z.l). Thanks to the compensation that has been made, the resolution of the formation of pulses of recruitment into rectangular pulses is significantly reduced. Thus, in the proposed form of a rectangular impulse finder, the accuracy of impulse formation is increased. The formula was invented by the Shaper of rectangular impulses according to the author. St. No. 657674, characterized in that, for the purpose of raising 7 of 1 ACCELERATION & STI, the formations are introduced. hence the connected amplitude limiter, the differentiating circuit, the first element And and the trigger, as well as the amplitude selector, the delay element, the second and third element And and the OR element, and the input of the amplitude selector is connected to the midpoint of the resistor; the input of the first element And the input of the delay element connect: not with the input of the one-shot and the first input of the second element And, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the G trigger, the second input of which is connected to one-shot one, and the output of the delay element is connected to the first input of the third element And, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the trigger, and the outputs of the second ;; and the third element And is connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the OR element, while the amplitude limiter input is connected to The code of the key stage on the transistor.

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