SU748152A1

SU748152A1 - Apparatus for measuring rotating shaft loading characteristics

Info

Publication number: SU748152A1
Application number: SU772507495A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Тимофеевич Артамонов; Николай Павлович Волков; Сашик Торгомович Мартиросян; Сергей Николаевич Сафонов
Original assignee: Московский Институт Электронного Машиностроения
Priority date: 1977-07-14
Filing date: 1977-07-14
Publication date: 1980-07-15

Description

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике и предназначено для измерения крутящего момента, скорости вращения контролируемого вала и мощности, передаваемой валом .The invention relates to measuring equipment and is intended to measure the torque, rotation speed of the controlled shaft and the power transmitted by the shaft.

Известное устройство для измерения характеристик нагруженности вращающегося вала, содержащее фотоэлектрический преобразователь угла закручивания вала в длительность электрических импульсов, частота следования которых пропорциональна скорости вращения вала , электронный блок и регистратор, не обеспечивает требуемой чувствительности и. точности измерения [1].A known device for measuring the characteristics of the load of a rotating shaft, containing a photoelectric transducer of the angle of rotation of the shaft into the duration of electrical pulses, the repetition rate of which is proportional to the speed of rotation of the shaft, the electronic unit and the recorder does not provide the required sensitivity and. measurement accuracy [1].

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к данному изобретению является устройство для измерения характеристик нагруженности вращающегося вала, содержащее нониусный преобразователь угла скручивания вала в электрический сигнал в виде двух рядом расположенных нониусных зубчатых дисков, жестко связанных с крайними сечениями базового участка контролируемого вала, и датчика угла скручивания вала, датчик скорости вращения вала, измерительную схему, устройство индикации и источник питания [2].The closest in technical essence to this invention is a device for measuring the characteristics of the load of a rotating shaft, containing a vernier transducer angle of twisting of the shaft into an electrical signal in the form of two adjacent nonius gear disks rigidly connected to the extreme sections of the base section of the controlled shaft, and a shaft twist angle sensor , shaft rotation speed sensor, measuring circuit, indicating device and power supply [2].

Недостатком такого устройства является низкая точность измерения из-за влияния технологических погрешностей изготовления нониусных дисков, вибрации вала, изгибйых колебаний и эксцентриситета.The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy of the measurement due to the influence of technological errors in the manufacture of vernier discs, shaft vibration, bending vibrations and eccentricity.

Цель изобретения — повышение точности измерения.The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurement.

Указанная цель в устройстве по настоящему изобретению достигается за счет того, что датчик угла скручивания вала выполнен в виде индуктивного датчика перемещения муаровых полос, катушка возбуждения которого выполнена в виде сплошного кольца, расположенного концентрично валу с одной стороны нониусных дисков, с другой стороны которых расположены измерительные обмотки. Последние представляют собой секторные катушки, диаметрально противоположные секторы которых включены встречно, а все пары секторных катушек включены последовательно и согласно. Общий выход секторных катушек соединен со входом измерительной схемы, а число пар секторных катушек равно числу муаровых полос зубчатых.дисков.This goal in the device of the present invention is achieved due to the fact that the shaft twist angle sensor is made in the form of an inductive moire strip displacement sensor, the excitation coil of which is made in the form of a continuous ring located concentrically to the shaft on one side of the vernier discs, on the other side of which there are measuring windings. The latter are sector coils, the diametrically opposite sectors of which are included in the opposite direction, and all pairs of sector coils are connected in series and in accordance. The total output of the sector coils is connected to the input of the measuring circuit, and the number of pairs of sector coils is equal to the number of moire bands of the gear disks.

На фиг„1 показан исследуемый вал с измерительными обмотками и зубчатыми дисками, продольный раз,рез; на фиг.2 — блок-схема устройства; на фиг.З — диаграмма работы.In Fig. 1 shows the test shaft with measuring windings and gear discs, longitudinal time, cut; figure 2 is a block diagram of a device; in Fig.Z is a diagram of the work.

Устройство для измерения характеристик нагруженности вращающегося ьала 1 (фиг.1 и 2) содержит жестко связанные с крайними сечениями базового участка вала, рядом расположенные, нониусные зубчатые диски 2 и 3 с отверстиями 4, выполненные по окружности дисков концентрично оси вала, причем диаметр отверстий в диске 2 значительно больше, чем в диске 3.A device for measuring the load characteristics of a rotating shaft 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) contains rigidly connected with extreme sections of the base section of the shaft, adjacent, vernier gear disks 2 and 3 with holes 4, made around the circumference of the disks concentrically to the axis of the shaft, and the diameter of the holes in drive 2 is much larger than drive 3.

Благодаря тому, что зубчатые диски 2 и 3 имеют различное число зубцов, сопряжение их радиальных растров дает нониусную муаровую картину, которая обладает следующим свойством — малому угловому перемещению зубчатых дисков относительно друг друга соответствует значительное перемещение муаровых полос, определяемое коэффициентом редукции. Количество муаровых полос таких дисков определяется соотношением числа зубцов и в каждом отдельном случае выбирается из конкретных конструктивных признаков. Важным преимуществом нониусного сопряжения радиальных растров является линейный характер зависимости углового перемещения муаровых полос от угла взаимного разворота зубчатых дисков.Due to the fact that the gear disks 2 and 3 have a different number of teeth, the conjugation of their radial rasters gives a vernier moire pattern, which has the following property - a small angular displacement of the gear disks relative to each other corresponds to a significant movement of the moire bands, determined by the reduction coefficient. The number of moiré stripes of such discs is determined by the ratio of the number of teeth, and in each case is selected from specific design features. An important advantage of the vernier conjugation of radial rasters is the linear nature of the dependence of the angular displacement of the moire fringes on the angle of mutual rotation of the gear discs.

Сплошная кольцевая катушка возбуждения 5, расположенная со стороны диска 2 напротив зубцов и отверстий в дисках, служит для создания переменного- электромагнитного поля в зазоре между дисками. Со стороны диска 3 расположены измерительные катушки б датчика скорости вращения вала и измерительные секторные катушки 7 датчика информации о перемещении муаровых полос. Диаметрально противоположные секторы измерительных катушек 7 включены встречно, а все пары секторных катушек включены последовательно и согласно, причем число пар секторных катушек равно числу муаровых полос зубчатых дисков. Выходы измерительных катушек через формирователи 8 и 9 связаны со входами измерительной схемы 10, выход которой соединен с устройством индикации 11. Источник 12 переменного тока служит для запитывания кольцевой катушки возбуждения 5 и измерительной схемы,,A continuous ring drive coil 5, located on the side of the disk 2 opposite the teeth and holes in the disks, serves to create an alternating electromagnetic field in the gap between the disks. On the side of the disk 3 there are measuring coils b of the shaft speed sensor and measuring sector coils 7 of the moire strip movement information sensor. The diametrically opposite sectors of the measuring coils 7 are turned on in the opposite direction, and all pairs of sector coils are connected in series and in accordance with the fact that the number of pairs of sector coils is equal to the number of moire bands of the gear discs. The outputs of the measuring coils through the shapers 8 and 9 are connected to the inputs of the measuring circuit 10, the output of which is connected to the indicating device 11. The AC source 12 is used to power the annular excitation coil 5 and the measuring circuit,

Выполнение отверстий в диске 2 большего диаметра, чем в диске 3 позволяет исключить влияние скручивания вала на датчик информации о скорости вращения.The holes in the disk 2 of a larger diameter than in the disk 3 eliminates the influence of shaft twisting on the speed information sensor.

Устройство работает следующим .образом. При запитывании катушки возбуждения 5 переменным током от источника 12 в зазоре между дисками 2 и 3 возбуждается переменное электромагнитное поле. Это поле частично экранируется плоскостями металлических дисков и при вращении вала на выходе измерительных катушек 6 датчика скорости вращения появляется амплитудно-модулированное напряжение, максимумы которого приходятся на момент совпадения сквозных отверстий дисков с катушками 6. Это напряжение поступает на формирователь 9, с выхода которого импульсы с периодом следования Т (фиг.З), пропорциональным скорости вращения вала, подаются на измерительную схему 10. Так как измерительные секторные катушки 7 охватывают ряд щелей дисков 2 и 3, то выходное напряжение с этих катушек представляет собой также амплитудно-модулированное колебание с максимумом, приходящимся на момент совпадения прозрачной части муаровых полос,с одной из секторных катушек. Эти сигналы поступают на вход формирователя 8, выход которого соединен со входом измерительной схемы 10. При отсутствии нагрузки на валу 1 устройство фазируется таким образом, чтобы на выходе схемы 10 сигнал, несущий информацию о крутящем моменте, был равен нулю. При нагружении исследуемого вала зубчатые диски развернутся на некоторый угол, пропорциональный величине крутящего момента. При этом импульсы υ_η на выходе формирователя 8 займут другое временное расположение относительно импульсов с формирователя 9, которые не изменяют своего временного расположения и используются в качестве опорных.На выходе измерительной схемы появится сигнал , длительность t которого пропорциональна перемещению муаровых полос и, соответственно, величине крутящего момента. Измеренные значения крутящего момёнта, скорости вращения вала и мощности, передаваемой валом, подается на устройство индикации 11.The device operates as follows. When energizing the excitation coil 5 with alternating current from the source 12, an alternating electromagnetic field is excited in the gap between the disks 2 and 3. This field is partially shielded by the planes of the metal disks and when the shaft rotates, an amplitude-modulated voltage appears at the output of the measuring coils 6 of the rotation speed sensor, the maximums of which occur at the moment of the through holes of the disks coinciding with the coils 6. This voltage is supplied to the former 9, from which pulses with the follow-up period T (FIG. 3), proportional to the shaft rotation speed, is supplied to the measuring circuit 10. Since the measuring sector coils 7 cover a number of slots of the disks 2 and 3, t The output voltage from these coils is also an amplitude-modulated oscillation with a maximum occurring at the moment the transparent part of the moire bands coincides with one of the sector coils. These signals are fed to the input of the shaper 8, the output of which is connected to the input of the measuring circuit 10. If there is no load on the shaft 1, the device is phased so that the output of the torque information at the output of the circuit 10 is zero. When loading the test shaft, the gear discs will unfold at a certain angle proportional to the magnitude of the torque. In this case, the pulses υ _η at the output of the shaper 8 will take a different temporal location relative to the pulses from the shaper 9, which do not change their temporal location and are used as a reference. At the output of the measuring circuit, a signal appears whose duration t is proportional to the movement of the moire bands and, accordingly, the value torque. The measured values of the torque, shaft rotation speed and power transmitted by the shaft are supplied to the indicating device 11.

Такое выполнение катушек датчика информации о перемещении муаровых полос и включение диаметрально противоположных секторов измерительных катушек встречно, а всех пар секторных катушек последовательно и согласно позволяет снимать информацию о взаимном расположении дисков по всей окружности дисков одновременно, благодаря чему в полной мере проявляется интегральный эффект усреднения технологических погрешностей изготовления дисков, к тому же это позволяет в значительной мере ослабить влияние механи5 ческих шумов, таких как вибрация вала,изгибные колебания вала и эксцентриситет .This embodiment of the coils of the sensor of information on the movement of the moire bands and the inclusion of diametrically opposite sectors of the measuring coils are opposite, and all pairs of sector coils sequentially and according to allow you to remove information about the relative position of the disks around the entire circumference of the disks at the same time, due to which the integral effect of averaging technological errors is fully manifested manufacture of discs, in addition, this can significantly reduce the effect of mechanical noise, such as vibration ala, bending vibrations of the shaft and the eccentricity.

Использование устройства позволяет повысить точность' измерения параметров нагруженности вращающегося 5 вала при работе в средах с малым коэффициентом прозрачности.Using the device allows to increase the accuracy of the measurement of the load parameters of the rotating 5 shaft when working in environments with a low transparency coefficient.

Claims

The invention relates to a measurement technique and is intended to measure the torque, the speed of the speed controlled and the power transmitted by the shaft. The known device for measuring the loading characteristics of a rotating shaft, which contains a photoelectric transducer of the shaft twist angle to the duration of electrical pulses, the frequency of which is proportional to the shaft rotation speed, the electronic unit and the recorder do not provide the required sensitivity and measurement accuracy I. The closest technical essence to this The invention is a device for measuring the loading characteristics of a rotating shaft, comprising a vernier shaft twist angle electric signal in the form of two rows of arranged vernier gears rigidly connected to the cross sections of the base section of the monitored shaft, and shaft twist angle sensor, shaft speed sensor, measuring circuit, display device and power supply 2 The disadvantage of such a device is low measurement accuracy due to the influence of technological errors in the manufacture of nonius discs, shaft vibration, flexural vibrations and eccentricity. The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy. This goal in the device of the present invention is achieved due to the fact that the shaft twist angle sensor is made in the form of an inductive motion sensor of moire stripes, the excitation coil of which is made in the form of a solid ring located concentric with the shaft on one side of vernier disks, on the other side of which are located measuring windings. The latter are sector coils, the diametrically opposite sectors of which are included in the opposite direction, and all pairs of sector coils are connected in series and according to. The total output of the sector cranks is connected to the input of the measuring circuit, and the number of pairs of sector coils is equal to the number of moire strips of toothed disks. Fig „1 shows the investigated shaft with measuring windings and toothed discs, longitudinal time, cut in Fig.2 shows a block diagram of the device in Fig. 3 - diagram of operation. A device for measuring the loading characteristics of a rotating shaft 1 (Figures 1 and 2) contains rigidly connected to the extreme sections of the base shaft section, a series of vertically mounted 2 to 3 discs with holes 4, made around the circumference of the disks, concentric to the axis of the shaft, moreover, the diameter of the holes in disk 2 is significantly larger than that in disk 3. Due to the fact that the toothed disks 2 and 3 have a different number of teeth, conjugation of their radial rasters gives a vernier moire pattern, which has the following property - a small angular displacement The displacement of the toothed disks relative to each other corresponds to a significant displacement of moiré strips determined by the reduction coefficient. The number of moirés of such disks is determined by the ratio of the number of teeth, and in each case is selected from specific structural features. An important advantage of the vernier conjugation of the radial rasters is the linear nature of the dependence of the angular displacement of the moire stripes on the angle of the mutual rotation of the gear disks. A continuous ring excitation coil 5, located on the side of the disk 2 opposite the teeth and holes in the disks, is used to create a variable-electromagnetic field in the gap between the disks. On the disc 3 side there are measuring the carcass of the shaft rotation speed sensor and the sector measuring coils 7 of the information on the movement of moiré strips to the carcass. The diametrically opposite sectors of the measuring coils 7 are turned on, and all pairs of sector coils are turned on sequentially and according to, with the number of pairs of sector coils being equal to the number of m ary bands of toothed disks. The output of the measuring coils through the generators 8 and 9 are connected to the inputs of the measuring circuit 10, the output of which is connected to the display device 1. The AC power source 12 is used for ejecting the annular excitation coil 5 and the measuring circuit ,, Making holes in the disk 2 of a larger diameter than in disk 3, it eliminates the effect of shaft twisting on the rotational speed sensor information. The device works as follows: By energizing the excitation coil with 5 alternating current from the source 12, an alternating electromagnetic field is excited in the gap between the disks 2 and 3. This field is partially shielded by the planes of the metal discs and when the shaft rotates at the output of the measuring coils 6 of the rotation speed sensor, an amplitude modulated voltage appears, the maxima of which occur at the time the through holes of the discs coincide with the coils 6. This voltage goes to the driver 9 from the output of which pulses with the period T following (FIG. 3), proportional to the speed of rotation of the shaft, are fed to the measuring circuit 10. Since the sector measuring coils 7 cover a number of slits of the disks 2 and 3, the output voltage from these coils is also an amplitude-modulated oscillation with a maximum occurring at the time of the coincidence of the transparent part of the moire bands with one of the sector coils. These signals are fed to the input of the imaging unit 8, the output of which is connected to the input of the measuring circuit 10. In the absence of a load on the shaft 1, the device is phased so that at the output of the circuit 10 the signal carrying the torque information is zero. When the shaft under study is loaded, the gears are turned at a certain angle, which is proportional to the torque value. In this case, the pulses U at the output of the imaging unit 8 will occupy a different temporal position relative to the pulses and from the imaging unit 9, which do not change their temporal arrangement and are used as reference signals. A signal appears at the output of the measuring circuit, the duration t of which is proportional to the displacement of the moirés and, accordingly, the magnitude of the torque. Measured values of torque, shaft rotational speed and power transmitted by the shaft are fed to display device 11. Such an implementation of sensor coils for information on the movement of moire strips and the inclusion of diametrically opposite sectors of the measuring coils is opposite, and all pairs of sector coils consistently and consistently allow you to remove information on the relative position of the disks along the entire circumference of the disks simultaneously, due to which the integral effect of averaging technological parameters is fully manifested manufacturing errors they drive, besides it allows largely 1exanicheskih weaken the effect of noise, such as vibrations of the shaft, the flexural vibration of the shaft and eccentricity. The use of the device makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measuring the loading parameters of a rotating shaft when operating in environments with a low transparency coefficient. Apparatus of the Invention A device for measuring the characteristics of a rotary load loading, comprising a vernier converter of a shaft twist angle into an electrical signal in the form of two sets of vernial tooth discs rigidly connected with the extreme sections of the base portion of the monitored shaft, and a shaft twist angle sensor, Shaft rotation speed sensor, meter circuit, display device and power source, characterized in that, in order to improve measurement accuracy, the shaft twist angle sensor is made in de inductive movement sensor moiré fringes, the exciting coil which is formed as a continuous ring disposed concentrically with the shaft the one hand vernier drive, on the other hand are distributed. The measuring windings are made in the form of sector coils, diametrically opposite sectors of which are included counter, and all pairs of sector coils are connected in series and according to, the common output of sector coils is connected to the input of the measuring circuit, and the number of pairs of sector coils is gear drives. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent 388811b, class 73-13bA, 1975,

2. Frolov LB, Torque Measurement M., ed. Energy, 1965, with. 41-43 (prototype).