SU742585A1

SU742585A1 - Pneumatic hammer

Info

Publication number: SU742585A1
Application number: SU782610139A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Вячеслав Платонович Казаков; Борис Ефимович Славин
Priority date: 1978-04-25
Filing date: 1978-04-25
Publication date: 1980-06-25

Description

Изобретение относится к области горной промышленности, к пневматическим молоткам.The invention relates to the field of mining, to pneumatic hammers.

Известен пневматический молоток, включающий корпус с камерами рабочего и холостого хода, ударник, рабочий инструмент 5 и систему воздухораспределителя [1].Known pneumatic hammer, comprising a housing with cameras working and idle, drummer, working tool 5 and the air distribution system [1].

Его недостатком является низкая энергия единственного удара из-за противодавления в камере холостого хода.Its disadvantage is the low energy of a single strike due to backpressure in the idle chamber.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому результату к предлагаемому является пневматический молоток, включающий корпус, в котором установлен боек с проточкой, сообщающийся через каналы в хвостовой и головной части соответственно с камерами рабочего и холостого (5 хода, систему воздухораспределения и рабочий инструмент [2].The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a pneumatic hammer, including a housing in which a striker with a groove is installed, communicating through the channels in the tail and head parts, respectively, with the working and idle chambers (5 strokes, air distribution system and working tool [2] .

Его недостатком является недостаточная ударная мощность из-за противодавления в камере холостого хода.Its disadvantage is insufficient shock power due to backpressure in the idle chamber.

Цель изобретения — повышение ударной ²⁰мощности молотка путем снижения противодавления в камере холостого хода. Для этого молоток имеет цилиндрическую втулку, ко2 торая установлена с возможностью продольного перемещения в проточке бойка и выполнена с выточкой и воздухопроводящими каналами.The purpose of the invention is to increase the shock power of the hammer ²⁰ by reducing the back pressure in the idle chamber. For this, the hammer has a cylindrical sleeve, which is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the groove of the hammer and is made with a recess and air ducts.

Кроме того, в головной части корпуса выполнена кольцевая выточка, плавно сопряженная с поверхностью корпуса в сторону его хвостовой части для распорного кольца, которое установлено на втулке.In addition, an annular undercut is made in the head of the casing, smoothly conjugated with the surface of the casing towards its tail portion for the spacer ring, which is mounted on the sleeve.

На чертеже показан предлагаемый молоток.The drawing shows the proposed hammer.

Он имеет корпус 1, разделенный ударником 2 на камеры рабочего 3 и холостого 4 хода. Сжатый воздух поступает в камеру 3 по каналу 5, а в камеру 4 — по каналу 6. Оба канала калиброваны. В головной части ударника имеются воздухопроводящие каналы 7, а в хвостовой части — каналы 8, которые выведены в проточку 9, где размещен подвижный цилиндр 10 с выточкой 11 и воздухопроводящими отверстиями 12. На цилиндре ф установлено распорное кольцо 13. В стенке корпуса имеется выхлопное отверстие 14. Против распорного кольца 13 (в его крайнем нижнем положении, соответствующем моменту окончания рабо чего хода) в корпусе 1 имеется выточка 15, плавно сопряженная верхней частью с поверхностью корпуса.It has a housing 1, divided by a drummer 2 into the cameras of the worker 3 and idle 4 moves. Compressed air enters chamber 3 through channel 5, and into chamber 4 through channel 6. Both channels are calibrated. In the head part of the striker there are air-conducting channels 7, and in the rear part there are channels 8, which are led into the groove 9, where a movable cylinder 10 with a recess 11 and air-conducting holes is located 12. A spacer ring 13 is installed on the cylinder ф. There is an exhaust hole in the housing wall 14. Against the spacer ring 13 (in its extreme lower position, corresponding to the end of the working stroke) in the housing 1 there is a recess 15, smoothly conjugated with the upper part to the surface of the housing.

Усилие распора кольца 13 выбрано таким, что трение между кольцом и корпусом 1 удерживает подвижный цилиндр 10 от сколь- 5 жения в проточке под действием собственного веса, но не может препятствовать совместному перемещению ударника 2 и цилиндра 10 под действием их общего веса.The thrust force of the ring 13 is chosen so that the friction between the ring and the housing 1 keeps the movable cylinder 10 from sliding in the groove 5 due to its own weight, but cannot prevent the hammer 2 and cylinder 10 from moving together under the action of their total weight.

В исходном положении ударник 2 опирается на хвостовик рабочего инструмента 16, ¹⁰а кольцо 13 расположено в выточке 15.In the initial position, the hammer 2 rests on the shank of the working tool 16, ¹⁰ and the ring 13 is located in the undercut 15.

Пневматический молоток работает следующим образом.Air hammer works as follows.

Сжатый воздух по каналам 5 и 6 поступает в камеры рабочего 3 и холостого 4 ₁₅ходов.. Давление в камере 3 равно атмосферному, так как оно через отверстие 14 сообщается с атмосферой. Под действием давления воздуха в камере 4 ударник 2 начинает движение (холостой ход). При его движении перекрывается выхлопное отверс- ²⁰тие и отсекает камеру рабочего хода.Compressed air through channels 5 and 6 enters the chambers of the worker 3 and idle 4 ₁₅ moves .. The pressure in the chamber 3 is equal to atmospheric, as it communicates through the hole 14 with the atmosphere. Under the influence of air pressure in the chamber 4, the firing pin 2 begins to move (idle). When it moves overlaps exhaust term otvers- ²⁰ and cuts off the working stroke chamber.

Одновременно торец проточки со стороны головной части ударника приближается к цилиндру 10, который удерживается от скольжения по проточке кольцом 13. От- _2Jверстие 12 исключает присасывание цилиндра 10 к торцам проточки. Пока каналы 7 и 8 разобщены,ударник движется с ускорением. Войдя в соприкосновение с подвижным цилиндром 10, ударник увлекает его в совместном движении и выводит распорное кольцо ³⁰13 из выточки 15. Когда каналы 7 и 8 сообщены через выточку 11, происходит перепуск сжатого воздуха из камеры 3 в камеру 4, что уравнивает в них давление и снижает сопротивление холостому ходу ударника.At the same time, the end face of the groove from the side of the head of the striker approaches the cylinder 10, which is prevented from sliding along the groove by the ring 13. The _2J- hole 12 prevents the cylinder 10 from sticking to the ends of the groove. While channels 7 and 8 are disconnected, the drummer moves with acceleration. Having come in contact with the movable cylinder 10, the drummer carries him in a joint movement and removes the spacer ring ³⁰ 13 from the recess 15. When the channels 7 and 8 are communicated through the recess 11, the compressed air is transferred from the chamber 3 to the chamber 4, which equalizes the pressure in them and reduces the idle resistance of the striker.

К концу холостого хода ударник проходит головной частью отверстие 14, сообщая камеру 4 с атмосферой. Так как в камеру 3 поступает сжатый воздух, ударник останавливается и начинает двигаться в 40 противоположную сторону (рабочий ход).At the end of idle, the firing pin passes through the opening 14 with its head portion, communicating the chamber 4 with the atmosphere. Since compressed air enters the chamber 3, the firing pin stops and begins to move in the opposite direction 40 (working stroke).

В начале рабочего хода цилиндр 10 удерживается от скольжения по проточке 9 кольцом 13, а после соприкосновения с торцом проточки со стороны хвостовой части удар- _4Jника увлекается последним и движется совместно с ним. При этом каналы 7 и 8 разобщаются до конца рабочего хода, что исключает выравнивание в них давления.At the beginning of the working stroke, the cylinder 10 is kept from sliding along the groove 9 by the ring 13, and after contacting the end face of the groove from the tail end of the impactor _{4J, the} latter is carried away and moves with it. In this case, the channels 7 and 8 are disconnected until the end of the stroke, which eliminates the equalization of pressure in them.

Разгон ударника при отсутствии противодавления происходит почти до конца рабочего хода, пока выхлопное отверстие не перекрывается хвостовой частью ударника. При дальнейшем движении ударника проточка 9 сообщается с камерой 4 и выполняет роль компенсационной камеры.Acceleration of the striker in the absence of counterpressure occurs almost until the end of the stroke, until the exhaust hole is blocked by the tail of the striker. With further movement of the hammer, the groove 9 communicates with the camera 4 and acts as a compensation chamber.

К концу рабочего хода ударник минует выхлопное отверстие 14 и наносит удар по хвостовику инструмента 16. В момент удара цилиндр 10 удерживается от падения распорным кольцом 13 и выточкой 15. Затем цикл повторяется.At the end of the stroke, the hammer passes the exhaust outlet 14 and strikes the shank of the tool 16. At the time of impact, the cylinder 10 is kept from falling by the spacer ring 13 and the recess 15. Then the cycle repeats.

Предлагаемое устройство позволяет снизить противодавление в камере холостого хода, что повышает ударную мощность молотка.The proposed device allows to reduce the back pressure in the idle chamber, which increases the impact power of the hammer.

Claims

The invention relates to the field of mining, to pneumatic hammers. A pneumatic hammer is known that includes a housing with working and idle chambers, a hammer, a working tool and an air distributor system 1. Its disadvantage is the low energy of a single blow due to the back pressure in the idle chamber. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a pneumatic hammer, which includes a housing in which a firing pin with a flow meter is installed, communicating through channels in the tail and head parts, respectively, of the working and hollowing chambers, the air distribution system and the working tool 2. Its disadvantage There is insufficient shock power due to the back pressure in the idle chamber. The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact power of the hammer by reducing the back pressure in the idle chamber. For this, the hammer has a cylindrical sleeve, which is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the groove of the striker and is made with an undercut and air-conducting channels. In addition, an annular recess is made in the head part of the body, n, evenly matching with the surface of the body towards its tail part for the spacer ring, which is mounted on the sleeve. The drawing shows the proposed hammer. It has a housing 1, divided by a hammer 2 into working 3 and idle 4 stroke cameras. Compressed air enters chamber 3 through channel 5, and into chamber 4 through channel 6. Both channels are calibrated. At the head part of the striker there are air-conducting channels 7, and in the tail part there are channels 8, which are led out into the groove 9, where the movable cylinder 10 with the groove 11 and the air-conducting holes 12 are located. A spacer ring 13 is installed on the cylinder Yu. there is an exhaust hole 14. Against the spacer ring 13 (in its lowermost position, the number corresponding to the end of the working stroke) in the housing 1 there is a recess 15, which is smoothly mated with the surface of the housing. The thrust force of the ring 13 is chosen such that the friction between the ring and the housing 1 keeps the movable cylinder 10 from sliding in the groove under the action of its own weight, but cannot prevent the joint movement of the drummer 2 and the cylinder 10 under the action of their total weight. In the initial position, the hammer 2 rests on the shank of the working tool 16, and the ring 13 is located in the recess 15. The pneumatic hammer works as follows. Compressed air through channels 5 and 6 enters the chambers of working 3 and idle 4 strokes. The pressure in chamber 3 is atmospheric, as it communicates with atmosphere through a port 14. Under the effect of air pressure in chamber 4, drummer 2 begins to move (idle). As it moves, the exhaust port closes and cuts off the working stroke chamber. At the same time, the end of the groove on the side of the head of the striker approaches the cylinder 10, which is kept from sliding along the groove by the ring 13. Hole 12 prevents the cylinder 10 from sticking to the ends of the groove. While channels 7 and 8 are separated, the drummer moves with acceleration. Entering into contact with the movable cylinder 10, the drummer entrains him in joint motion and leads the spacer ring 13 out of the undercut 15. When the channels 7 and 8 are communicated through the undercut 11, the compressed air flows from chamber 3 to chamber 4, which equalizes their pressure and reduces idle resistance drummer. By the end of the idle stroke, the striker passes the head part of the hole 14, together with the chamber 4 with the atmosphere. As compressed air enters chamber 3, the impactor stops and starts moving in the opposite direction (working stroke). At the beginning of the working stroke, the cylinder 10 is kept from sliding along the groove 9 by the ring 13, and after contact with the groove end on the side of the tail end of the striker, it is carried away by the latter and moves together with it. In this case, channels 7 and 8 are separated until the end of the working stroke, which excludes pressure equalization in them. Acceleration of the impactor in the absence of backpressure occurs almost to the end of the working stroke, until the exhaust port is blocked by the tail end of the impactor. Upon further movement of the striker, the groove 9 communicates with the chamber 4 and acts as a compensation chamber. By the end of the stroke, the hammer passes the exhaust hole 14 and strikes the shank of the tool 16. At the moment of the impact, the cylinder 10 is kept from falling by the spacer ring 13 and the recess 15. Then the cycle is repeated. The proposed device allows for a reduction in the back pressure in the idling chamber, which increases the shock power of the hammer. Claim 1. Pneumatic hammer comprising a housing in which a firing pin with a groove is installed communicating through channels in its tail and head parts, respectively, of the working and idling chambers, the air distribution system and the working tool, characterized in that in order to increase the impact power by reducing the back pressure in the idling chamber, it has a cylindrical bushing that is installed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the groove of the striker and is made with an undercut and air-conducting channels s. 2. Hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular recess is made in the head part of the body, smoothly mating with the surface of the body towards its tail part for the spacer ring, which is mounted on the sleeve. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 546708, cl. E 21 C 3/24, 1973.

2. USSR author's certificate according to USSR application No. 2605884 / 22-03, cl. E 21 C 3/24, 04/18/78 (prototype).