SU723344A1

SU723344A1 - Electric salt furnace

Info

Publication number: SU723344A1
Application number: SU782660076A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Виктор Иванович Горда; Александр Александрович Резняков
Original assignee: Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Вторичных Цветных Металлов
Priority date: 1978-09-05
Filing date: 1978-09-05
Publication date: 1980-03-25

Description

Изобретение относится к металлург ии цвет-’ ных металлов, в частности к конструкции электрических солевых печей для плавки цветных металлов, и может использоваться на предприятиях вторичной цветной металлургии для металлургического передела вторичного сырья.The invention relates to metallurgy and non-ferrous metals, in particular, to the design of electric salt furnaces for the smelting of non-ferrous metals, and can be used in secondary non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises for metallurgical processing of secondary raw materials.

• . Известна электрическая солевая печь, содержащая корпус с ванной для солевого расплава, электроды, зафутерованные в стенки ванны, в которых выполнены окна против электродов, металлосборник с выпускной леткой (1 ].•. Known electric salt furnace containing a housing with a bath for salt melt, electrodes lined in the walls of the bath, which are made of the window against the electrodes, a metal collector with a discharge tap hole (1].

Недостатками такой печи являются недостаточный срок службы электродов и футеровки, вызванный перегревом солевого расплава внутри них, что снижает производительность печи за счет простоев во время ремонта, а также повышенный удельный расход электроэнергии.The disadvantages of such a furnace are the insufficient service life of the electrodes and the lining, caused by overheating of the molten salt inside them, which reduces the productivity of the furnace due to downtime during repair, as well as increased specific energy consumption.

Цель изобретения - повышение производительности печи и снижение удельного расхода _мэлектроэнергии.The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the furnace and reduce the specific consumption of _m electricity.

Это достигается тем, что печь снабжена перфорированными насадками со сквозными каналами. установленными перед окнами и вы2 полненными уменьшающимися в поперечном сечении от периферии к центру ванны.This is achieved by the fact that the furnace is equipped with perforated nozzles with through channels. installed in front of the windows and made smaller in cross section from the periphery to the center of the bath.

На фиг. 1 изображена предлагаемая печь, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 — разрез А-А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed furnace, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

Печь имеет корпус 1, плавильную камеру 2, электроды 3, сообщающиеся с плавильной камерой каналами 4, огнеупорную насадку 5, снабженную с перфорированной крышкой 6, фиксирующий выступ 7, копильник 8, летку 9 и крышку 10 печи.The furnace has a housing 1, a melting chamber 2, electrodes 3 communicating with the melting chamber by channels 4, a refractory nozzle 5 provided with a perforated lid 6, a fixing protrusion 7, a piggy bank 8, a tap hole 9 and a furnace lid 10.

Корпус 1 выполнен из огнеупорного материала, например из шамота. Плавильная камера 2 для равномерного распределения температурного поля имеет круглое сечение. Электроды 3 изготовлены из стойкого к солевому расплаву материала, например из графита,и для уменьшения до минимума потерь электрической мощности имеют сечение максимально возможное для принятых габаритов установки. Сечение каналов 4 определяет плотность тока, стекающего с электрода, и выполняется, исходя из условий минимального перегрева заполняющего их солевого расплава. Огнеупорные на723344 садки 5 выполнены в виде желоба с трапецеидальными боковыми стенками, установленного на фиксирующем выступе 7, причем большее основание трапеции соответствует высоте канала, а меньшее определяется, исходя из величины минимального сечения насадки 5, обеспечивающего необходимую плотность мощности в зоне плавления. Стенки желоба снабжены буртиками для фиксации крышки 6 перфорированной отверстиями для улучшения циркуляции находящегося внутри насадок 5 солевого расплава.The housing 1 is made of refractory material, such as fireclay. The melting chamber 2 for a uniform distribution of the temperature field has a circular cross section. The electrodes 3 are made of material resistant to salt melt, for example, graphite, and to minimize losses of electric power, have a maximum cross section for the accepted installation dimensions. The cross section of the channels 4 determines the density of the current flowing from the electrode, and is performed based on the conditions of minimal overheating of the salt melt filling them. The 723344 refractory cages 5 are made in the form of a gutter with trapezoidal side walls mounted on the fixing protrusion 7, the larger base of the trapezoid corresponding to the height of the channel, and the smaller determined based on the minimum cross section of the nozzle 5 providing the required power density in the melting zone. The walls of the gutter are provided with shoulders for fixing the cover 6 with perforated holes to improve the circulation of the salt melt inside the nozzles 5.

Печь работает следующим образом.,. Плавильную камеру 2 заполняют солевым расплавом, на электроды 3 подают напряжение и по расплаву проходит ток. При этом максимальная плотность тока создается на участке с минимальным сечением, т.е. на выходе огнеупорной насадки 5, направленной к центру ванны 2. Таким образом, зона максимального тепловыделения удаляется от электродов 3 и стенок плавильной камеры 2 и совмещается с зоной загрузки шихты.The furnace works as follows.,. The melting chamber 2 is filled with molten salt, voltage is applied to the electrodes 3, and current flows through the melt. In this case, the maximum current density is created in the area with a minimum cross section, i.e. at the exit of the refractory nozzle 5, directed toward the center of the bath 2. Thus, the zone of maximum heat emission is removed from the electrodes 3 and the walls of the melting chamber 2 and is combined with the charge loading zone.

Удаление зоны максимального тепловыделения от электродов к центру ванны в предлагаемой печи позволит снизить тепловые потери в электродах, что способствует повышению КПД печи и уменьшению удельного расхода электроэнергии. В процессе плавки шихта загружается в зону максимального тепловыделения, что интенсифицирует плавку.Removing the zone of maximum heat from the electrodes to the center of the bath in the proposed furnace will reduce heat loss in the electrodes, which helps to increase the efficiency of the furnace and reduce the specific energy consumption. In the process of melting, the charge is loaded into the zone of maximum heat release, which intensifies the melting.

Уменьшение тепловых напряжений в каналах способствует увеличению срока службы футеровки и электродов.Reducing thermal stresses in the channels increases the service life of the lining and electrodes.

Claims

The invention relates to metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, in particular, to the design of electric salt furnaces for smelting non-ferrous metals, and can be used in enterprises of secondary non-ferrous metallurgy of metallurgical secondary processing of secondary raw materials. . A known electric salt furnace comprising a housing with a bath for salt melt, electrodes lined into the walls of the bath in which windows are opened against the electrodes a metal collector with an outlet tap 1. The disadvantages of this furnace are the insufficient service life of the electrodes and the lining caused by the overheating of the salt melt inside them , which reduces the performance of the furnace due to downtime during the repair, as well as increased specific energy consumption. The purpose of the invention is to improve the performance of 1 lec and reduce the specific volume of power consumption. This is achieved by the fact that the furnace is provided with perforated nozzles with through channels installed in front of the windows and made decreasing in cross section from the periphery to the center of the bath. FIG. 1 shows the proposed furnace, longitudinal razerez; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1. The furnace has a housing 1, a melting chamber 2, electrodes 3 communicating with the melting chamber channels 4, a refractory nozzle 5 fitted with a perforated lid 6, a fixing protrusion 7, a digger 8, a tap 9 and a lid 10 of the furnace. The housing 1 is made of refractory material, for example of fireclay. The melting chamber 2 for a uniform distribution of the temperature field has a circular cross section. The electrodes 3 are made of a salt-melt-resistant material, such as graphite, and to minimize electrical power losses, have a cross section as large as possible for accepted installation dimensions. The cross section of the channels 4 determines the density of the current flowing from the electrode, and is carried out on the basis of the minimum heating temperature of the salt melt filling them. The refractory 37 tanks 5 are in the form of a gutter with trapezoidal side walls mounted on the locking protrusion 7, the larger base of the trapezium corresponds to the height of the channel, and the smaller one is determined based on the minimum of the section of the nozzle 5 providing the required power density in the melting zone. The walls of the gutter are provided with ribs for fixing the cover 6 perforated with holes to improve the circulation of the salt melt inside the nozzles 5. The furnace works as follows. I. The melting chamber 2 is filled with molten salt, a voltage is applied to the electrodes 3 and a current flows through the melt. In this case, the maximum current density is created in the section with the minimum cross section, i.e. at the exit of the refractory nozzle 5, directed to the center of the bath

2. Thus, the maximum heat release zone is removed from the electrodes 3 and the walls of the melting chamber 2 and is aligned with the charge loading zone. Removing the zone of maximum heat from the electrodes to the center of the bath in the proposed furnace will reduce the heat loss in the electrodes, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of the furnace and reducing the specific energy consumption. During the smelting process, the charge is charged to the zone of maximum heat release, which intensifies the smelting. The reduction of thermal stresses in the channels contributes to an increase in the service life of the lining and electrodes. An electric salt furnace comprising a housing with a bath for molten salt, electrodes lined into the walls of the bath in which windows against the electrodes are made, a metal collector with a convex tap hole which is characterized in that, in order to increase furnace productivity and reduce specific electric energy consumption, the furnace provided with perforated nozzles with through channels installed in front of the windows and made decreasing in cross section from the periphery to the center of the bath. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate in application No. 2423158, cl. F 27 B 17/00, 1976 (prototype).