Electromagnetic induction heating melting and reducing MAGNESIUM METAL vacuum reducing stove
Technical field
The present invention relates to vacuum metallurgy equipment technical field, be specially a kind of electromagnetic induction heating melting and reducing MAGNESIUM METAL vacuum reducing stove, can be used for hot reducing method and prepare magnesium, lithium, the equipment of the high-vapor-pressure metal such as strontium, calcium.
Background technology
The high-vapor-pressure metals such as magnesium, lithium, strontium, calcium, can use hot reducing method to prepare under vacuum.At present in MAGNESIUM METAL production field, widely used reduction apparatus is the reductive jar using the direct heating such as combustion gas to be made up of refractory alloy.This method is by the restriction of reductive jar structure and material property, and temperature of reaction is low, heat transfer is slow, energy consumption is high, and consumes the nichrome of costliness in a large number due to the oxidation equal loss of reductive jar.
Electrothermic type fusion reducing furnace can overcome the problems such as the high and reductive jar consumption of the energy consumption of external-heat reduction furnace.As U.S. Patent 2,971, the 833 molten state magnesium reducing furnaces disclosing a kind of alternating current resistance stove principle in 1961.Reduction is carry out in the electroslag conduction stove of liner at graphite.AC power is by upper Graphite Electrodes, and melting Conductive Slag, graphite liner forms loop.The joule heating effect of loop current makes Conductive Slag maintain molten state and the heat provided needed for reduction reaction.Reduction reaction then occurs with liquid-solid and liquid liquid two kinds of modes.React in liquid state, the mass transfer of material is easily more solid-state, and therefore speed of response is fast, and the recovery time shortens greatly.Raw material all enters stove with block material, does not need brokenly pulverizing, ball processed and briquetting, greatly reduces labour cost, improve production efficiency.U.S. Patent 4,699,653. disclosed a kind of molten metal magnesium reducing furnace being called MINTEK in 1987.The direct current arc that uses this stove heats with graphite the Conductive Slag in the burner hearth being liner, and electric current is through upper Graphite Electrodes equally, melting Conductive Slag, and graphite liner forms loop.
Prior art Problems existing is: first need in burner hearth to be equipped with first slag.Stove is from needing extra facility and operation during cold start, and start-up course is complicated, application inconvenience.The loss at high temperature of Graphite Electrodes and graphite liner is comparatively large, and cost of equipment maintenance is high.
Summary of the invention
For the technical barrier of existing electrothermal melting state vacuum reducing stove, the invention provides a kind of electromagnetic induction heating melting and reducing MAGNESIUM METAL vacuum reducing stove, for magnesium, lithium, the high-vapor-pressure metal such as strontium, calcium hot reducing method is produced.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of electromagnetic induction heating melting and reducing MAGNESIUM METAL vacuum reducing stove, comprise body of heater, be provided with by hard insulating material finish mix bucket in described body of heater, the central part of described hopper is provided with the centre channel through hopper bottom, and the section of hopper on any one radius takes the shape of the letter U; Described hopper bottom is provided with one or more annular ditch groove with one heart, is provided with iron that is solid-state or molten state in described groove.
Be provided with rectangle iron core in described body of heater, the centre channel of hopper is passed on a limit of described rectangle iron core, and another limit of described rectangle iron core is wound with primary coil; The insulation seal device of copper winding leading-out end on body of heater of described primary coil leads to outside stove and is connected with supply unit.
Thermal insulation layer is provided with between described body of heater and hopper; Thermal insulation layer is provided with between described rectangle iron core and hopper; Then the splicing of thermal insulation layer, hopper and rectangle iron core is fixing.
Described body of heater top is provided with feeding-passage, this feeding-passage run through after thermal insulation layer with hopper UNICOM.
Described bottom of furnace body is provided with slagging channel, this slagging channel run through after thermal insulation layer and hopper with hopper intracavity bottom UNICOM.
Described upper of furnace body, by metallic vapor expanding channels crystallisation chamber, is provided with thermal insulation layer in described metallic vapor passage, described metallic vapor passage offers and slightly takes out mouth.
Described crystallisation chamber is outside equipped with water jacket, and described crystallisation chamber top is provided with essence and takes out mouth.
During work, first the reduction furnace charge of powdery is seated in feed hopper bottom by the feeding-passage at body of heater top, directly contacts with the iron of feed hopper bottom and heals slag (residue that the last time smelts).Recharge granular or block furnace charge in the top of powdery reduction furnace charge.The high-frequency alternating current be applied on copper winding by supply unit produces the magnetic field of alternation in the core which.The magnetic field of this alternation produces induced current in the annular iron of feed hopper bottom, and the heat that electric current produces is heated heals slag and furnace charge by conduction and radiation two kinds of modes.After furnace charge and material slag are heated to molten state, it also has electroconductibility, and the induced current of its inside also produces heat and jointly heats furnace charge.By this electromagnetic induction process, electric energy contactlessly passes to iron hoop and melting charge slag reacting by heating furnace charge and supplies reduction reaction.Along with the melting of furnace charge, reduction reaction occurs in liquid-solid and liquid liquid two kinds of modes.Finally, the whole melting of furnace charge, reduction reaction completes.
Slag-drip opening is provided with in the side of feed hopper bottom.After reduction reaction completes, vacuum breaker, opens slag-drip opening, and liquid material slag will flow out automatically; The mode that also air pump can be adopted to pressurize impels material slag to discharge fast.Because density is different, heavier molten iron sinks in the groove of feed hopper bottom and can not be discharged, and produces heat in order to the induced current when next working cycle is initial; Unnecessary molten iron is discharged with material slag, because density is different, the outer molten iron of stove can with material slag separated and collected.
In reduction process, slightly take out mouth in thick vacuumizing phase use and bleed, thus the floating dust in furnace chamber gas can not be deposited in crystallisation chamber the purity drop making Crystalline Magnesium.When reaching higher vacuum tightness, now gas flow is very low, closes and slightly takes out mouth, takes out mouthful to vacuumize from the essence through crystallisation chamber.
Preferably, a limit of iron core is positioned on the axis of cylindrical furnace chamber, and passes the center of hollow circle tube hopper, and furnace shell wall is pressed close on other three limits of iron core.
Further, in order to make the charging of reduction furnace more convenient.
Design reduction top, room is provided with multiple feeding-passage, and from then on furnace charge falls to loading hopper naturally.
Compared with prior art, the present invention's advantage specific as follows:
1, hopper is made up of hard insulating material, does not need to use conductive graphite liner, and cheap, should not damage under high temperature, operation expense is low.
2, initial heating element is the iron in feed hopper bottom groove, and low-silicon iron residual in furnace charge in reduction process constantly can supplement it, and unnecessary molten iron can be drained with material slag.Initial heating element does not need to safeguard in operational process.
3, the material slag in hopper can must be drained as far as possible, as heating element when need not leave recrement for again starting.The space of hopper can leave the new furnace charge loaded more for.This reduction furnace can adopt the batch production flow process of similar Pidgeon process like this, to obtain product more highly purified than existing technique.
4, the distributed number of the cannelure of feed hopper bottom needs design according to thermal field.Uniformity of temperature profile in heat-processed, does not have hot spot.
5, power supply puts on the primary coil of an Equivalent Transformer by electric supply installation, and service voltage is high, and feeding electrode electric current is little.Feeding electrode does not contact with heating element simultaneously, and thus without the need to using water cooled electrode, furnace binding is simple, and calorific loss is little.
6, residual after furnace charge reduction reaction low-silicon iron can be recovered.
7, this reduction furnace in the course of the work need not continuous charging, and adopt disposable feed way, also heating current loop can not be destroyed, this reduction furnace can also adopt the batch production flow process of similar Pidgeon process like this, be convenient to and existing Pidgeon process process compatible, and the difficulty that technique is changed and risk reduce.
8, furnace shell entirety is formed, and does not have movable part, and furnace shell is convenient to realize sealing, allows reduction process to carry out under various vacuum condition.
The present invention is reasonable in design, and can regulate the distribution in reduction furnace temperature field, heat transfer efficiency is fast; Be mainly used in magnesium, lithium, the high-vapor-pressure metal such as strontium, calcium hot reducing method is produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 represents structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents electromagnetic assembly sectional view.
In figure, 1-body of heater, 2-crystallisation chamber, 3-reduces furnace charge, and 4-hopper, 5-metallic vapor passage, 6-rectangle iron core, 7-groove, 8-thermal insulation layer, 9-primary coil, 10-feeding-passage, 11-slagging channel, 12-water cooled pipeline, 13-slightly takes out mouth, and 14-essence takes out mouth, 15-water jacket.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
A kind of electromagnetic induction heating melting and reducing MAGNESIUM METAL vacuum reducing stove, comprising body of heater, is vertical heater.
As shown in Figure 1, be provided with by hard insulating material finish mix bucket 4 in body of heater 1, the central part of described hopper 4 is provided with the centre channel through hopper 4 bottom surface, then the section of hopper on any one radius roughly takes the shape of the letter U; Described hopper 4 bottom surface is provided with one or more annular ditch groove 7 with one heart, and be provided with iron that is solid-state or molten state in described groove 7, annular iron is as heating member.The shape of cross section of groove 7 is inverted trapezoidal short under upper length.
As shown in Figure 1, be provided with rectangle iron core 6 in described body of heater 1, a limit of described rectangle iron core 6 is passed the centre channel of hopper 4 and is positioned on the central axis of cylindrical furnace, also arranges thermal insulation layer 8 between the centre channel of hopper and rectangle iron core 6.Furnace shell wall is pressed close on other three limits of iron core.Another limit of described rectangle iron core 6 is wound with primary coil 9, and the inner side being positioned at primary coil winding is provided with the water jacket 12(of perpendicular layout as shown in Figure 2); The insulation seal device of copper winding leading-out end on body of heater of described primary coil 9 leads to outside stove and is connected with supply unit.The high-frequency alternating current be applied on copper winding by supply unit produces the magnetic field of alternation in the core which, and the magnetic field of this alternation produces induced current in the annular iron of feed hopper bottom, and then heating furnace charge.
As shown in Figure 1, thermal insulation layer 8 is provided with between described body of heater 1 and hopper 4; Thermal insulation layer 8 is provided with between described rectangle iron core 6 and hopper 4; Then the splicing of thermal insulation layer 8, hopper 4 and rectangle iron core 6 is fixing.So casing temperature is only a little more than envrionment temperature, so body of heater adopts general carbon steel to make.General carbon steel is the abbreviation of carbon structural steel, belongs to soft steel, and carbon content is less than 0.38%, the most conventional to be less than 0.25%.
Described hopper 4 adopts alumina hollow ball to make; Alumina hollow ball is a kind of novel high temperature insulating material, and it forms with commercial alumina melting blowing in electric furnace, and crystal formation is a-Al
2o
3microcrystal.Based on alumina hollow ball, can be made into different shape goods, maximum operation (service) temperature 1800 DEG C, products machinery intensity is high, be the several times of general light weight product, and volume density is only 1/2nd of corundum products.High temperature, the ultrahigh-temperature kilns such as petrochemical industry vapourizing furnace, off-colour industry Reaktionsofen, metallurgical industry induction furnace are used widely, achieve well-content energy-saving effect.
Described thermal insulation layer 8 adopts ceramic fiber blanket to make.Ceramic fiber blanket has low heat conductivity, low heat capacity, excellent chemical stability, excellent thermostability and shock resistance, excellent tensile strength, excellent sound absorbing, is the excellent materials in heat insulating refractory material.
As shown in Figure 1, described body of heater 1 top is provided with feeding-passage 10, and this feeding-passage 10 runs through after thermal insulation layer 8 and hopper 4 UNICOM.This body of heater is one-piece construction, furnace charge is directly put in hopper 4 by feeding-passage 10, first the reduction furnace charge of powdery is seated in feed hopper bottom, directly with iron and the heals slag close contact of feed hopper bottom, more granular or block furnace charge is put into powdery and reduce the top of furnace charge.On iron core after primary coil energising, the heat that in annular iron, electric current produces is heated heals slag and powdery furnace charge by conduction and radiation two kinds of modes, accelerates the heat-up rate of furnace charge.After powdery furnace charge and material slag are heated to molten state, it also has electroconductibility, and the induced current of its inside also produces heat and jointly heats granular and bulk material, and reduction reaction occurs in liquid-solid and liquid liquid two kinds of modes.Finally, the whole melting of furnace charge, reduction reaction completes.
As shown in Figure 1, be provided with slagging channel 11 bottom described body of heater 1, this slagging channel 11 runs through after thermal insulation layer 8 and UNICOM bottom hopper 4; This slag-drip opening is positioned at above groove 7 just, and after having reacted, due to action of gravity, molten iron sinks in groove, can not flow out with slag, for heating is prepared next time.
As shown in Figure 1, described upper of furnace body connects crystallisation chamber 2 by metallic vapor passage 5, is provided with thermal insulation layer 8 in described metallic vapor passage 5, described metallic vapor passage 5 offers and slightly takes out mouth 13.Described crystallisation chamber 2 is outside equipped with water jacket 15, and described crystallisation chamber 2 top is provided with essence and takes out mouth 14.Slightly take out mouth in thick vacuumizing phase use to bleed, thus the floating dust in furnace chamber gas can not deposit in a crystallizer and make the purity drop of Crystalline Magnesium.When reaching higher vacuum tightness, now gas flow is very low, closes and slightly takes out mouth, take out mouth vacuumize from the essence through crystallizer.Whole heating element is in vacuum environment inside, stressed very little, and due to the protection of vacuum not oxidizable.
Above-mentioned vacuum reducing stove is mainly used in magnesium, lithium, and the high-vapor-pressure metal such as strontium, calcium hot reducing method is produced.
It should be noted last that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted; although be described in detail with reference to the embodiment of the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; technical scheme of the present invention is modified or equivalent replacement; do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be contained in claims of the present invention.